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Chapter 11With the outbreak of heroin use in the early ni<strong>net</strong>ies, Slovenian non-governmentalorganizations started cooperating with Italian therapeutic communities. Initially, these NGOsonly made arrangements for drug users to enter treatment in various therapeuticcommunities in Italy, but later they started to establish such communities in Slovenia. Today,there are 8 therapeutic communities in Slovenia, and they have 116 beds in total. In addition,there are places available in communities abroad, as some NGOs cooperate with foreignresidential treatment providers.The legal basis for the operation of therapeutic communities in Slovenia comprises: the ActRegulating the Prevention of the Use of Illicit Drugs and the Treatment of Drug Users, SocialSecurity Act, and the Resolution on the 2004 - 2009 National Programme in the Field ofDrugs. Therapeutic communities are funded from several sources; the Ministry of Labour,Family and Social Affairs (MLFSA) provides the largest proportion of financial resources (upto 80%) through public tendering, and the remaining funds are obtained by therapeuticcommunities through donations, participants' contributions and local community calls fortenders.12Most therapeutic communities in Slovenia are self-help communities based on mutual helpbetween their members; there are only two therapeutic communities that cooperate withexternal professionals or have professional personnel, who are responsible for medicationtherapy for drug users in the programme. All therapeutic community programmes are alsoconnected with the <strong>net</strong>work of Centres for the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Addiction,which carry out medical examinations before drug users enter a therapeutic community,vaccinate them against hepatitis B and test them for HIV and hepatitis C. All therapeuticcommunities offer drug users the possibility to complete or obtain education, develop newskills or learn about positive personal experience, and gradually become more independent;only a few communities also offer diagnostic services, programmes to ease the transitionfrom a therapeutic community to everyday life, individual and group therapies, behaviourtherapy, and systemic family therapy.Therapeutic communities collaborate with each other and with other drug-addiction treatmentprogrammes, thus allowing for drug users to move from one therapeutic community toanother or to other programmes.Information on all therapeutic communities, i.e. information on programmes andrequirements for admission to a therapeutic community, is publicly available. Internalevaluations of programmes and goal attainment evaluations are carried out in allprogrammes. External evaluation is occasionally carried out by the MLFSA, which canevaluate programmes in accordance with contractual terms and check whether financialresources have been used in accordance with the mutual agreement. The last suchevaluation was carried out in 2011.
Chapter 12Slovenia's gross domestic product (GDP) per capita adjusted for purchasing power was27.545 USD in 2010. The economic crisis that started in 2008 has also affected Slovenia,and thus the percentage decline in real GDP in Slovenia was second largest among OECDcountries in 2009. The general government deficit increased after the negative growth in2009, which indicates that there were no radical cuts in government spending before 2011.The Fiscal Balance Act was adopted in May 2012, which is the first step of the currentgovernment towards reducing the government deficit to 3% GDP by 2013.Annual total sums of monitored (constant) drug-related expenditure in the period 2005–2011show a continued moderate increase in the total amount of allocated financial resources; in2005 EUR 6,967,107.49 was allocated for MLFSA’s funding of programmes and for Ministryof Health’s drug-related expenditure, for sterile materials for safe drug injection, centres forthe prevention and treatment of drug addiction, substitute medicines, acute hospitalizations,and for drug-related police investigations and technical equipment, while the resourcesallocated in 2011 amounted to EUR 10.054.779,54.By 2011, the effects of the economic crisis had not yet led to significant cuts in publicexpenditure, and there was also no apparent decrease in drug-related public expenditure.Since more radical austerity measures aimed at the balancing of public finances were firstadopted in 2012, the impact on drug-related public expenditure and the scope or number ofdrug-related services and programmes will only become visible in the future.13
Page 3 and 4: 2012 NATIONAL REPORT (2011 data) TO
Page 7 and 8: SUMMARYChapter 1Amendments to the C
Page 9 and 10: parents, girls with associated prob
Page 11: elated social security programmes,
Page 15 and 16: DRUG POLICY: LEGISLATION, STRATEGIE
Page 17 and 18: part of an addiction treatment prog
Page 19 and 20: In addition to coordination, the In
Page 21 and 22: Furthermore, the Health Insurance I
Page 23 and 24: The declaration also highlights the
Page 25: DRUG USE IN THE GENERAL POPULATION
Page 31 and 32: Age group comparison shows that the
Page 33 and 34: Field procedureData collection was
Page 35 and 36: Table 2.5: Lifetime use of illicit
Page 37 and 38: The fact that data on the prevalenc
Page 39 and 40: Observational visits in night venue
Page 41 and 42: Customer intoxication and incidents
Page 43 and 44: Focus groups of high-school student
Page 45 and 46: Figure 3.1: Excise duty per hl of e
Page 47 and 48: Some tobacco control measures in Sl
Page 49 and 50: data on the sale of these products,
Page 51 and 52: individual to have an (imparted) se
Page 53 and 54: Co-creating community responses in
Page 55 and 56: As regards the intention of student
Page 57 and 58: according to the usual schedule dur
Page 59 and 60: Community-based preventionAnalysis
Page 61 and 62: programme carried out in the USA an
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They also plan to conduct workshops
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PROBLEM DRUG USE4.‘Problem drug u
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(with their grandmother, brother, i
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Almost two thirds of those who inje
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DRUG RELATED TREATMENT: TREATMENT D
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Social protectionProfessional activ
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5.2 Access to treatmentIn Slovenia,
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Figure 5.2: Number of programme use
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42.9% of drug users who re-entered
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used opiates once a week, 12 (13.5%
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The main reason for first-time admi
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survey results, which show that onl
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Correlation between first-time admi
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hepatitis B free of charge in CPTDA
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The proportion of drug users who ha
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Trends in the proportion of users w
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2. The decrease in the proportion o
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HEALTH CORRELATES AND CONSEQUENCES6
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on the prevalence of infections tha
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6.2 Other drug-related health corre
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Table 6.3 shows the number of illic
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In conclusion, we can say that emer
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In all observed years, the number o
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Figure 6.4: Trends in the number of
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The Obalno-kraška and the Zasavska
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Cohort studyMortalityOnly drug user
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CPTDAs covering the three largest S
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drug users had been treated in othe
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Violent deaths (V01.0 - Y98.9, F11.
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and benzodiazepines. Three quarters
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life than deaths of their peers (th
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RESPONSES TO HEALTH CORRELATES ANDC
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Low-threshold programmes include fr
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8.1 Social exclusion and drug useTa
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Table 8.2: Users and capacities in
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9.1 Drug-related crimeStaša Šavel
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Secondary crimeCompared to 2010, th
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9.2 Prevention of drug-related crim
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Table 9.7: Number of persons having
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Patients take substitute medicine u
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information required for solving pr
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groups from other countries. Most o
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Table 10.1: Total amounts of seized
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10.3 Quality and purity of illicit
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CannabisThe most common type of can
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amounts of active components and ad
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Data on the purity of various illic
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RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT OF DRUG-USERS
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Photo 11.1: The old school which wa
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(source: Terapevtska skupnost Cenac
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social assistance networks is of hi
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schedules and through work therapy,
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provides drug users with medical ca
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programme, and draw up a report on
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It seems that we will have to devot
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Despite the absence of radical meas
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Purpose Funder YearAmount(EUR)Cofog
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that co-funding is relatively stabl
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Table 12.2: Drug-related expenditur
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12.5 ConclusionsBy 2011, the effect
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BIBLIOGRAPHYList of referencesAnder
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Klavs I, Poljak M. (2003) Unlinked
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SURS. (2011) Oddelek za cene življ
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OECD. (2012a) Country Statistical p
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Zakon o omejevanju porabe alkohola
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Table 8.2: Users and capacities in
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Figure 5.12: Number of first-time a
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