i. Module 4 Fluids and Thermodynamics ... - Workforce 3 One

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Activity 2: Thermal ExpansionSAFETY: Wear heat protective gloves and safety goggles. An open flame is required duringthis activity so extra vigilance is required. The instrument is very hot during use and cancause serious injury. Do not touch any metal part of the instrument during the experiment.Heat the instrument in a fume hood, if possible.This is experiment requires a very large heat source. Perform this as a demonstration. A propane torchwill be require to heat the ball to a sufficient temperature1. Obtain a metal ball and ring apparatus. Pass the ball through the ring. Does it passthrough the ring easily?2. Heat the ball for about 30 seconds.3. Try to pass the ball through the ring again. If the ball passes through, reheat the ball foran additional 30 seconds. Record your observations. Were you able to pass the ballthrough the ring?NOTE: Continue to heat the ball at 30 second intervals until it will not pass through thering.4. Immediately heat the ring and try to pass the ball through it. Record your observations.5. What is meant by thermal expansion?Activity 3: Radiant Heat and EnergyIn the following activity, you will use a radiometer to explore radiant heat and energy. Thevanes, or wings, of the radiometer are alternately black and white in color. When lightstrikes these vanes, it transfers heat to each of them, but not equally. The white vanesreflect the heat, while the dark vanes absorb the heat. Because of this difference, the vanesbegin to spin. The more thermal energy there is to heat up the dark vanes, the faster theyspin.1. Place the radiometer on your lab bench and observe any movement of the vanes.2. Place your hands around the radiometer and observe the vanes from the top. Are thevanes spinning?3. As an option, use a lamp to compare the speed of the vanes as more energy istransferred to them. Place the lamp about 6 inches over the radiometer and turn it "on."Observe what is happening to the vanes. Are the vanes moving any fasterModule 4 Student Guide Fluids & Thermodynamics Page 26
4. What is radiant heat?5. List three ways that thermal energy is transferred.Activity 4: Calibration of a ThermometerHave students working groups of 2. Provide each group with the following:Unmarked thermometerCalibrated thermometerPyrex beakerHot plateRed sharpie markerWaterIceTemperature scales were originally based on two fixed temperatures, the freezing point andthe boiling point of watt;-" Unfortunately different scientists arbitrarily assigned differentnumbers to the boiling point and the freezing point of water. Because of this historicalchoice the boiling point was set at 212 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale and 100 degrees onthe Celsius scale while the freezing point was set at 32 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale and0 degrees on the Celsius scale. Thus, there are 180 Fahrenheit degrees and 100 Celsiusdegrees between the freezing point and the boiling point of water. This means that theFahrenheit degree must be smaller than the Celsius degree. In fact, each Fahrenheit degreeis only 5/9 as big as a Celsius degree. Since the Celsius scale begins at zero and theFahrenheit scale at 32, to convert from one scale to the other the following formulas can beused:°F = (9/5)°C + 32°C = (°F - 32) x 5/9Create your own Celsius Scale Thermometer1. Fill a beaker with ice water and place an unmarked thermometer in it2. Allow the thermometer to remain in the ice water for several minutes, until the red liquidinside it stops moving. Using a wax pencil or permanent marker, mark the lowest pointreached by the red liquid in the thermometer. This point is the freezing temperature orzero degree point on the Celsius scale.Safety: Wear safety goggles, apron, and heat protective gloves. Do not touch hotobjects with your bare hands. Scalding water can cause severe burns. Proceed withextreme caution.3. Place the beaker on a hot plate and begin heating it. Continue heating the water untilthe red liquid reaches its highest point. This temperature is 100 °C. What is happeningto the water at this point?Note: As an added safety precaution, you may heat the water up to 50 °C. You'll need touse a calibrated thermometer to know when the water reaches this temperature4. Using tongs or heat protective gloves, remove the thermometer from the hot water andallow it to cool before proceeding to the next step. Be sure to turn "off" the hot plate.5. Using a ruler, divide the distance between the lowest and highest recorded points intoten equal parts, if the water were allowed to boil, or into five equal parts if the watertemperature only reached 50 °C.6. Use your calibrated thermometer to determine the temperature of various liquids of yourchoice or even the room temperature.Module 4 Student Guide Fluids & Thermodynamics Page 27
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