Census of Non-reservation California Indians ... - Yosemite Online

servation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; RRobert F. Heizer, ed.none

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.Table of ContentsCensus of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed...1About the Author.....................................................................................................................................2About the Editor.......................................................................................................................................2Bibliographical Information.....................................................................................................................3Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed...5r CENSUS OF NON-RESERVATION CALIFORNIA INDIANS, 1905 - 1906r.........................................6r Editor’s Introductionr............................................................................................................................6r NOTESr..........................................................................................................................................8Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer,ed.......................................................................................................................................................................10Summary of Indian Census....................................................................................................................10Non-reservation Indians of California, 1905-1906.........................................................................10Indians on the Forest Reserves in Northern California...................................................................12SUMMARY....................................................................................................................................13Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer,ed.......................................................................................................................................................................15Madera County.......................................................................................................................................15Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer,ed.......................................................................................................................................................................23Mariposa County....................................................................................................................................23Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer,ed.......................................................................................................................................................................27Mono County.........................................................................................................................................27Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer,ed.......................................................................................................................................................................34Tuolumne County..................................................................................................................................34Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer,ed.......................................................................................................................................................................37About the Author...................................................................................................................................38About the Editor.....................................................................................................................................38Bibliographical Information...................................................................................................................39i

Census of Non-reservation California Indians,1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer,ed.r r rrr rr• Editor’s Introductionr by Robert F. Heizerrr• Summary of Indian Censusr• Counties surrounding Yosemite National Park:rr♦ Madera County (south of Yosemite National Park)rrrr♦ Mariposa County (southern Yosemite National Park, including Yosemite Valley, and areasouthwest of Yosemite National Park)rr♦ Mono County (east of Yosemite National Park)rr♦ Tuolumne County (northern Yosemite National Park and area northwest of YosemiteNational Park)rr Web Editor’s note:r I only reproduced census rolls for counties surrounding Yosemite National Park.rr• r This book also contains census rolls for most other Northern California counties, which arepublished in the book but I did not post online:r Alameda, Alpine, Amador, Butte, Calveras, Colusa,Del Norte, El Dorado, Fresno, Glen, Humboldt, Inyo, Kern, Kings, Lake, Lassen, Mendocino, Modoc,Monterey, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Sonoma, Sutter, Tehama, Trinity, Tulare,Yolo, and Yuba.rr• r Three counties had no Indian settlements: San Francisco, Santa Clara, and Solano counties.rr• r Nine counties Kelsey did not have time to visit:r Marin, Merced, Sacramento, San Benito, SantaCruz, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, and Stanislaus counties.rCensus of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed. 1

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.r• r No plans were apparently made to enumerate the then-seven Southern California counties, althoughthey had substantial numbers of American Indians:r Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, Santa Barbara,San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura counties.rrr —dea.rr r rr rAbout the Authorr rr rrrr Robert F. Heizer, Editorrr Charles E. Kelsey was appointed by Congress in 1906 as a Special Indian Agent for California working forthe Bureau of Indian Affairs.r He was a San Jose attorney.r C. E. Kelsey graduated from Amherst College in1884.r As an advocate of Indian rights, he specialized in documenting bands and tribes without reservationlands. The 1905-1906 census was part of the effort to determine how many had no land.r One result of thiseffort was the purchase of land for small reservations, called “Rancherias“ for landless Indians.r Kelsey wrotea book Indian Rights and Wrongs (1907) and was secretary and a director of the Northern California IndianAssociation of San Jose.r Later Kelsey was president of the Conservation Association of Southern California.rr rAbout the Editorrr Robert F. “Bob” Heizer (July 13, 1915–July 18, 1979) was a professor of anthropology at University ofCalifornia Berkeley. He wrote several books and papers on Native Americans of California and Nevada. Hewas a pioneer in using science in archaeology, such as radiocarbon dating.rr rrAbout the Author 2

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.rrr r• Heizer BiographyBibliographical Informationr rr Charles E. Kelsey (before 1884-after 1925)r Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906r(Berkeley, California:r r Archaeological Research Facility, Department of Anthropology, University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, 1971).r Edited by Robert F. Heizer (1915-1979).r v+118 pages. 28 cm.r No copyright.rr rr Digitized by Dan Anderson, August 2006,r from a copy at the University of California, San Diego library.rThese files may be used for any non-commercial purpose,r provided this notice is left intact.rr —Dan Anderson, www.yosemite.ca.usrr r rrr rr r r r rrr rrr rr r r r r r r r r r r rrr rr rrr r Next: Editor’s Introductionr rr http://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/1905_indian_census/rr Yosemite > Library >r 1905 Indian Census >r Editor’s Introduction >rAbout the Editor 3

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.r r rr r Next: Summaryr •r Contentsr rr r rBibliographical Information 4

Census of Non-reservation California Indians,1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer,ed.r r r r rr r r rCensus of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed. 5

CENSUS OF NON-RESERVATION CALIFORNIAINDIANS, 1905 - 1906rr rr rr Editor’s Introductionrr rr C. E. Kelseyrr In 1905-06 Mr. C. E. Kelsey, an attorney of San Jose, was appointedr as Special Indian Agent for theCalifornia Indians with the charge ofr ascertaining the number and location of Indians living outside ofreservationr lands. In 1906 Kelsey was the Secretary and one of eleven directorsr of the Northern CaliforniaIndian Association which operated for ther benefit of Indians. The census which he compiled was notpublished, butr typescript copies (191 pp. on legal size paper) were presented by Kelseyr to A. L. Kroeber andto C. Hart Merriam in 1906. The original copy isr Presumably on file in Washington with the Bureau ofIndian Affairs (BIA).r Kroeber’s copy is catalogued as Manuscript No. 59 in the collection of therAnthropology Department and the Lowie Museum on deposit in the Universityr Archives, Main Library,Berkeley. Merriam’s copy 1 r was utilized by Kroeberr and me in the California Indian claims cases (Dockets31/37) of fifteenr years ago, and this examination stimulated Kroeber to write his paper,r “California IndianPopulation in 1910” in which he concluded that populationr numbers calculated by him earlier were too lowby 20 to 25 percent 2 .rr rr Beyond providing the general information that there were more Indiansr (a total of at least 20,000) inCalifornia in 1906 than anyone, includingr the Bureau of Indian Affairs, believed (15-16,000), the Kelseycensus providesr for us an actual count. of the number of surviving native Californiansr in each of the 36counties in which Kelsey made investigations. While her provides figures for 45 counties, nine of these he didnot visit because her was called to Washington before he could find the time to do so, and ther numbers listedfor these counties (Marin, Merced, Sacramento, San Benito,r Santa Cruz, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, SanMateo and Stanislaus) werer taken from the last (1900) census figures for lack of anything better.r threecounties (San Francisco, Santa Clara and Solano) reported no Indianr settlements, and therefore do not enterinto his schedule.rr rr The Commissioner of Indian Affairs wished to possess the informationr gathered by Kelsey in order tosecure some basis for estimating the needsr cf the landless California Indians living off reservation areas. Anumberr cf small parcels of land were ultimately purchased for many of the personsr r listed in the census, andthese locations are in part shown on a recentlyr published map. 3 r Apparently Kelsey was aided in part by the1900 U. S.r Census figures which would at least indicate the general areas where therer were Indians living. Itis also probable that he consulted both Kroeberr and Merriam for guidance since both were actively engagedin ethnographicr studies, and could therefore offer suggestions as to where Indians werer residing or might belocated. It would appear that a good deal of travellingr was involved, and that Kelsey must have had to workas rapidly asr possible. For this reason he may have decided to collect only the minimalr amount ofr CENSUS OF NON-RESERVATION CALIFORNIA INDIANS, 1905 - 1906r 6

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.information necessary, and for the same reason did not recordr marriage data or ages and sex of children. Wemay assume that Kroeber,r rather than Merriam, provided him with some information on linguisticrclassification since the language stock names he employs are those whichr R. B. Dixon and Kroeber wereusing. As Kelsey moved about collectingr names and numbers of Indians living off reservation lands, he alsorecordedr the numeral systems of the persons in the locality where he was interviewing.r These were collectedwith some care and employed the Webster dictionaryr method of phonetic recording (syllables hyphenated,long and short soundsr indicated, etc.). Copies of the schedule of names for numbers (typewrittenr on 117legal size sheets) are on file at Berkeley; it has never beenr published. It is not known why Kelsey made thisnumeral system record,r but it may be suggested that the information would serve to identify ther languagefamily of the person providing the record and thus form the basisr for his arranging the census by the languagestock along with locality andr county provenience. The date on which each of the 116 numeral systems wasrrecorded is given. A few of these date from September, 1903; none bear ar 1904 date, and most of them weretaken down in August - December, 1905 andr January - March and August, 1906. It can be inferred that in1905-06 Kelseyr spent approximately nine months making his survey of non-reservation Indians.rr rr There are many possibilities for additional research in this document.r One would be analysis of thesurnames, some of which are nicknames bestowedr in jest by Americans of an earlier period (e.g. JohnHowmuch, Teapot Kitty,r Shoofly Sherman, One-eyed Jim, Whisky Bill). Some are obviously names inr thenative language which were not substituted for by more standard Americanr surnames or given names (e.g.Mikeonalla Jim, Wamenhot, Kinmahley, Garfieldr Towendolly), though we note that such native names arequite rare. 4 r Mostr r of the names of persons are of American or Spanish (i.e. Spanish-Mexican)r origin, andthe latter may go back to times before 1846 when Californiar was seized from Mexico, or they may date frompost-1848 times when ther amalgamation of Indians and Mexican Californians was accelerated byr their bothbeing considered as groups to be kept socially apart fromr the new political power-population element whichhad preempted the land.rr rr Another possible use of the Kelsey census would be as source materialr on the nature and size of the familyunit. Unfortunately Kelsey did notr record whether single men or women with children were widowed ordivorced,r the age of adults, or the sex and age of children. To some extent theser data could be determinedfrom other records such as the compilation ofr names, ages and residence of over 1000 native ethnographicinformants 5 ,r and the Great Rolls of 1928 and 1950 drawn up by the Bureau of Indianr Affairs 6 r and otherBIA records. Such inquiry would be laborious, butr the data on a large number of named and thereforeidentifiable individualsr does exist.rr rr The Kelsey census is given here exactly in the form in which itr appears in the original. The reader istherefore assured that nor editorial alteration has been made beyond an occasional addition forr purposes ofclarification or identification and which occur in squarer brackets.rr rr Because the Kelsey census is in hand and has not been made generallyr available, it was thought that itwould be useful to print it in orderr that others might have access to its contents. The reduction of fundsrassigned to the Archaeological Research Facility in 1971-72 has mader possible only the most limited amountof publication. Under these circumstances,r it is with particular gratitude that we express our appreciationr toMr. Raymond Ickes of Berkeley for offering to underwrite the cost ofr publishing the Kelsey census. Anyoner Editor’s Introductionr 7

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.who uses the census, we are confident,r will echo this acknowledgment to him for making it possible torprovide the information to a wider audience.rr rr rr NOTESrr rr r 1. Bearing the handwritten note “Given me by Mr. Kelsey, November 4,r 1906. C.H.M.”rr r rr Robert F. Heizerrr r 2. University of California Publications in American Archaeology andr Ethnology, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp.218-225, 1957. Kroeber here citesr (p. 220) the official BIA figures for Indians living on reservationsr in 1905as 6,536 persons. Adding this number to Kelsey’s non-reservationr Indians in northern California (13,361)gives a total ofr 19,897 which is surely too small for the actual total number in ther state since no figures areavailable for non-reservation Indians ofr southern California at this time. The federal census of 1910 countedr12,965 Indians in California, an official figure which was probablyr only about fifty percent of the actualnumber of then living Indiansr in the state.rr rr r 3. S. P. Teale (Chairman). Progress Report to the Governor and ther Legislature by the State AdvisoryCommission on Indian Affairsr (Senate Bill No. 1007) on Indians in Rural and Reservation Areas.rSacramento, 1966. (Contains untitled loose folded map showingr addresses of Indians in 1965; referred to onp. 21).rr rr r 4. Published lists of names of Indians living before 1900 are rare.r One such list is the 114 names ofIndians indentured in Humboldtr County between 1860 and 1863 which can be found in R. F. Heizer andr A.J. Almquist, The Other Californians (Univ. of Calif. Press, 1971,r pp. 54-56). Nearly all of these persons arerecorded by their givenr name only which is either a common American name (e.g. Sarah, Ella,r Mary,Charley, George) or more rarely a nickname (e.g. Indian Henry,r Mad River Billy, Blue Coat Mowwena,Sorenose Jack, Sam Houston,r George Washington Donally, Blackhawk). The surname of these unfortunaterindentured individuals was no doubt adopted from the white man,r or woman, in whose custody they wereplaced until they reached ther age of 30 for males or 25 for females. Names of Indians in larger numbers couldbe secured from the rosters of persons attached to ther several reservations which were established inCalifornia as early asr 1853. These records are filed in the U. S. National Archives.rr rr r 5. R. F. Heizer. “The Human Sources of California Ethnography.[”] Ms to ber published in Vol. VIII ofHandbook of North American Indians,r W. Sturtevant, ed.rr NOTESr 8

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.r rr r 6. The 1928 Roll is filed in the Sacramento office of the BIA. Seer also A. L. Kroeber and R. F. Heizer,“Continuity of Indian Populationr r in California from 1770/1850 to 1955”, Univ. of Calif. Archaeol.rResearch Facility, Contribution No. 9, pp. 1-22, 1970 (Berkeley).r As an example of the rich detail of the1928 Roll, see R. F. Heizer,r “A Chumash ‘Census’ of 1928-1930”, Univ. of Calif. Archaeol. ResearchrFacility, Contribution No. 9, pp. 23-28, 1970 (Berkeley).r S. F. Cook has carried out some analysis of the1928 Roll in hisr “Trends in Marriage and Divorce Since 1850”, Ibero-Americana No. 24,r 1943 (Berkeley);“Racial Fusion Among the California and Nevadar Indians”, Human Biology, Vol. 15, pp. 153-165, 1943; and“Migration andr Urbanization of the Indians of California”, Human Biology, Vol. 15,r pp. 33-45.rr r rr rr rr r rrr rrr rr r r r r r r r r r r r r rrr rr rrr r rr r rr r Next: Summaryr •r Contentsr rr http://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/1905_indian_census/introduction.htmlrr Yosemite > Library >r 1905 Indian Census >r Summary of Indian Census >rr r Next: Madera Countyr •r Contentsr •r Previous: Introductionr rr NOTESr 9

Census of Non-reservation California Indians,1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer,ed.r r r r rr r rSummary of Indian Censusr rNon-reservation Indians of California, 1905-1906r rCounty Without land. Owning land. Mixed bloods.Heads offamilies. Number. Heads offamilies. Number. Heads offamilies. Number.Alameda 18 42 1 1Alpine 28 113 13 42Amador 39 130 10 34 4 19Butte 62 202 26 80 8 44Calaveras 28 94 1 7 4Colusa 42 124 1 8Del Norte 58 186 15 47 8 30Ed Dorado 51 217 5 9 11 32Fresno 117 363 29 110 4 24Glenn 23 54 2 8Humboldt 108 389 54 170 6Inyo 232 766 65 240 3 21Kern 71 364 5 39Kings 28 85 4 13Lake 67 233 89 263 3 15Lassen 30 74 80 302 1 2Madera 104 427 9 30 11 35Marin* 6 25Mariposa 39 126 2 3 16 54Mendocino 172 618 64 213 2 9Merced* 6 25Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, 10 ed.

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.Modoc 45 158 138 508Mono 110 415 6 31 5Monterey 16 55 1 1 9 21Nevada 27 75 1Placer 28 98 2 7Plumas 110 201 70 220 8 58Sacramento* 11 50San Benito* 8 40r r____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____1684 5749 684 2338 96 428County Without land. Owning land. Mixed bloods.Heads offamilies. Number. Heads offamilies. Number. Heads offamilies. Number.San Joaquin* 8 30San Luis Obispo* 17 70San Mateo* 3 15Santa Cruz* 16 60Shasta 113 350 141 412 21 90Sierra 5 13 2 5Siskiyou 132 475 22 114 24 142Sonoma 98 378 1 7 1Stanislaus* 5 25Sutter 2 7Tehama 24 67 3 15 18 36Trinity 23 55 22 85 38 106Tulare 12 35 6 20 1 6Tuolumne 32 115 2 13Yolo 17 34 2 6Yuba 11 50 1 3Estimated as notenumerated 100 400618 2179 201 677 103 384Totals sheet 1 1684 5749 684 2338 96 428Grand total 2302 7928 885 3015 199 812r rNon-reservation Indians of California, 1905-1906 11

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.Indians on the Forest Reserves in Northern Californiar r rCounties Indians Mixed bloods.Heads offamilies. Number. Heads offamilies. Number.r r r rFresno 26 69 3 11Humboldt 43 188Kern 41 169Mariposa 14 49Madera 64 276 5 12Siskiyou 118 430 15 102____ ____ ____ ____Totals 306 1181 23 125r The following counties could not be visited on account of the special agentr being called to Washington, andthe figures given are from the census.rr r rCounty Indians Mixed bloods.Heads offamilies. Number. Heads offamilies. Number.r rMerced County 6 25Sacramento County 11 50San Joaquin County 8 30San Luis Obispo County 17 70San Mateo County 3 15Santa Cruz County 16 60Stanislaus County 5 25Mario County 6 25San Benito County 8 40San Francisco, Santa Clara,rand Solano counties reportrno Indian settlements.It is estimated that aboutr400 Indians have failed ofrenumeration. 100 400Indians on the Forest Reserves in Northern California 12

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.SUMMARYr r rHeads of familiesNumber ofpersonsr rWithout land 2302 7928Owning land 885 3015________3187 109Mixed bloods 199 812________3386 11755On forest reserves 329 7206Not visited (count forr9 counties taken fromr1900 census)________3715 12961340Estimated as missed by Kelsey 60======TOTAL 13361r *Not visited; figures taken from 1900 censusrr r rr rr rr r Next: Madera Countyr •r Contentsr •r Previous: Introductionr rr r rrr rrr rr http://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/1905_indian_census/summary.htmlrr r r r r r r r r r r r r rSUMMARY 13

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.rr rr Yosemite > Library >r 1905 Indian Census >r Madera County >rr rrr r rr r Next: Mariposa Countyr •r Contentsr •r Previous: Summaryr rr r rSUMMARY 14

Census of Non-reservation California Indians,1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer,ed.r r r r rr r rMadera Countyr rNameMADERA COUNTYrShoshonean StockNorth ForkOwning landIndiansJose Blasingame & wife 1 2Mixed bloodsHeads of Heads offamilies. No. families. No.Dick Pamona & wifer2 children 1 4Mary Smith 1 1Without landJean Prince Tully & wifer2 children 1 4Joe Riley & wifer4 children 1 6Mary Walker5 children 1 6Mary Brown 1Old Martin & wife 1 2Frank Lewis 1 1Marshall Hotoneyrgrandson 1 2Suquy 1 1Bertha Mooley 1 1Bill Walker & wife 1 2Frank Walker & wifer2 children 1 4John Sherman & wifer1 child 1 3Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, 15 ed.

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.Mrs. Jeff 1 1Chepo & wife 1 2William Chepo & wifer4 children 1 6Jim Chepo & wife 1 2Wilson Chepo & wifer4 children 1 6Dick Gibbons & 1 childrsister Sawatte 1 3Anna Gibbons & 1 child 1 2Charley Dalton 1 1Without landCharley Kinsman & wifer2 children 1 4Jack Norris & wifer5 childrenrstep-motherrmother-in-lawrhalf-sister 1 10John Sherman & wifer7 childrenrmotherraunt 1 11Jim Moore & wifer5 childrenrmotherrmother-in-law 1 9Tom Burkhead & wifer2 children 1 4Joaquin & wifer1 child 1 3Jim Dandy & wifer4 childrenrmother 1 7Jackson & wifer5 childrenrfather 1 8Mike Johnson & wifer2 childrenrmother 1 5Charley Martin & wifer2 childrenrmother-in-law 1 5Mike McDonalsr2 wardsrmotherr1 5Madera County 16

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.sisterCapt. Wawa & wifer4 children 1 6Whiskey Dick & wifer5 children 1 7Joe Kinsman & wife 1 1 1Mollie Kinsman Davis1 child 1 2Annie Kinsman 1Jim Baker 1 1Maggie WalkerrAnnie Walker 2Capt. Schulte & wifer1 step-daughterrmother-in-law 1 3 1Jeff Davis & wife 1 2Millie CheporMaud Chepo 2Tom Harris & wifer5 childrenrmother 1 8Maud Schulte Bethelr2 children 1 1 2Jennie Maxwellrmotherraunt 1 3Sam Pokenhorn & wifer5 children 1 7Charles Jefferson & wifer3 children 1 5Big Jim 1 1Crazy Frank & wifermotherrJulia Flamingbill 1 3 1Harrison Laville & wife 1 2Clayton & 2 wivesr8 children 1 11Emma Bethel 1Charley Tom 1 1Mrs. Tom Charlesr4 children 1 5Joe Kinsman, Jr. & wifer3 children 1 5Joe Burns & wife 1 21 6Madera County 17

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.AntonerZunirMinnierHazelrLena LongrJennie VisherMrs. Ross Hallock’s Mother 1Crane ValleyWithout landLucy Bildo & 3 childrenrmother 1 5Nellie Turnerr3 children 1 1 3Yokuts StockSam JohnsonrMrs. Sam Patch, Sr. 1 2Sam Patch & wifer2 children 1 4Susie Hammondr3 children 1 4Frank Hammond & wiferstep-child 1 3Bob & wifer3 step-children 1 5Mrs. Joe Pintor1 child 1 2Joe Pumpkin & wifer1 child 1 3Chief Blucher & wife 1 2Soreneck George & wifer4 children 1 6Mrs. Hammond 1FlumeWithout landMrs. Wiliam Speckermanr4 children 1 5Mrs. Levis & 6 children 1 7Dan Lewis & wifer5 children 1 7Tom Lewis & wifer2 children 1 4Frank Lewis 1 1Jimmie Lewis 1 1William Speckerman, Jr.r6 children 1 7Madera County 18

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.Yokuts StockMrs. Annie Speckermanr3 children 1 4Mrs. Packard 1Fresno FlatWithout landTom Goodeye 1 1Will Goodeye 1 1Levi Graham & wifer4 children 1 6Miwok StockOwning landHokai Bishop & wifer4 children 1 6Indian Jeff 1 1Without landMrs. Ellen Harrowr3 children 1 4AhwahneeWithout landPete Westfall 1 1John Westfall & wife 1 2Eph Westfall 1 1Charles Roan & wife 1 2Dick Roan & wife 1 2Antone 1 1Johnnie Gibbs & wife 1 2Frank Tex & wife 1 2Owning landJim Roan & wifer4 children 1 6Bailey FlatWithout landFrank Baryo 1 1Tilla Castror4 children 1 5Miwok StockOwning landJohn Jacobs & wifer2 childrenr 1 ward 1 5Yokuts StockMountain View DistrictWithout landMadera County 19

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.Mrs. Mary KinsmanrOliver Perry 1 2Jeff Walker 1 1John Walker & wifer2 children 1 4Mike Walker & wifer2 childrenrRobert Bethel 1 5Polly Walker & 1 child 1 2George W. Walker & wifer1 child 1 3John Galt & wifer2 childrenrmother-in-law 1 5Owning landAdam Galt & wifer2 children 1 4Spring Valley DistrictWithout landMrs. Robert Lewisr4 children 1 5James Savage Lewis & wifer7 children 1 9Owning landMrs. Mary Lewis 1 1Miwak StockGrub GulchWithout landJim Johnson & 1 child 1 2Henry Tewatte & wife 1 2Coarse GoldWithout landJack Roan & wifer4 children 1 6Yokuts StockDick Neal & wifer2 children 1 4Chicago Dick Nealr1 child 1 2Pumpkin 1 1Luiza Milo & 3 children 1 1 3Charles Johnson & wifer6 children 1 8Valentino & wife 1 2Madera County 20

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.r r rr rCharley Williams & wife 1 2Bill Wade & wife 1 2Music (Jim Martin)rmotherrsister 1 3Mike Wyatt & wife 1 2Bill Wyatt & wifer1 child 1 3Bill See & wifer2 children 1 4F. Strombeck & wifer3 step-children 4 1 1Andy Hogan & wife 1 2Jose & wifer2 children 1 4Frank Pelone (Thick Set)rmother 1 2Frank Banjo 1 1Henry Bob & wifer2 childrenrmother & 1 child 1 6Yankee Jim & wife 1 2Charley Harpis & wife 1 2Charley Ipenny & wife 1 2Sam Johnson & 1 child 1 2Uriah Nealrsister Georgiana 1 2Hawkins DistrictWithout landMary Jones 1 1George Jones & wifer2 children 1 4Elmer Jones & wife 1 2Jerry Jones & wife 1 2Leland Gulch.Without landMrs. Lucy Johnsonr4 children 1 5MaryrLucy 2Mrs. R. GarciarCharley GoodeyerHarry Jones 1 3Madera County 21

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.r rr r Next: Mariposa Countyr •r Contentsr •r Previous: Summaryr rr r rrr rrr rr http://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/1905_indian_census/madera-county.htmlrr r r r r r r r r r r r r rrr rr Yosemite > Library >r 1905 Indian Census >r Mariposa County >rr rrr r rr r Next: Mono Countyr •r Contentsr •r Previous: Madera Countyr rr r rMadera County 22

Census of Non-reservation California Indians,1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer,ed.r r r r rr rMariposa Countyr r rNameMARIPOSA COUNTYMiwak StockMariposaWithout landIndiansMixed bloodsHeads of Heads offamilies. No. families. No.Chief Nayo & wifer2 children 1 4Johnson & wifer5 childrenrmother 1 8Charley Oliver & wife 1 2Bill Howard & wifer6 childrenr2 old persons 1 10Pauline & 2 children 1 2 1Mary Beale Dulcer1 child 1 2Billy Stanley 1 1Sam Hogan & wife 1 2Dave Hogan & wifer2 children 1 4Johnnie Lawrence & wife 1 2Thetis Merlo Fisher 1 1A. C. Leonard & wifer6 children 1 8Tillie Castorr3 children 1 4Mrs. F. X. Colemanr2 children 1 3Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, 23 ed.

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.Mrs. B. Warner & 1 child 1 2Mrs. Castro & 6 children 1 7Theresa Bussane 1 1Mrs. L. Hamiltonr1 child 1 2Mrs. Hiram Bransonr5 children 1 6Henry Farmsworth & wifer2 children 1 4Fred Beale & wife 1 2Mrs. Liverado 1 1Jack Oliver 1 1Kalarow George & wife 1 2Cheese Par 1Bear ValleyWithout landPossepherrMrs. Carson 2Bull CreekWithout landCapt. Paul 1 1Little Billy & wifer grandmother 1 3Julia Ann & 2 children 1 3Tom Lupton & wifer4 children 1 6Jack Jacobs 1 1Austin & wifer3 children 1 5YosemiteWithout landDickrSallie AnnrJoe Rube 1 3Cheesepar Charley Dickrwife & 4 children 1 6Johnnie Brown & wifer2 children 1 4Tom Mutcom & wife 1 2Old Mary 1Francisco Georgely & wife 1 2Wilson & wiferl childrmotherrmother-in-lawr1 6Mariposa County 24

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.r r rr rauntFrancisco Wilson 1 1Pete Hilliardr4 children 1 5GreeleyWithout landCharley Hill & Bob 2 2Owning landJack Poncho & sister 1 2KalarowWithout landCapt. Kelley & wifer2 niecesr1 grand nephew 1 5Sallie Priest & 3 children 1 4Pablo Williams & 1 childrmother 1 4Fred Beale & wifer1 child 1 3Cold SpringOwning landSusan 1 1Without landJoe Amos & Kitty 1 2George Washington & wifer2 children 1 4Snow CreekWithout landLazy Jim & wife 1 2Lucy Ann & 1 child 1 1ChowchillaWithout landMariah 1 1Lucy Hight & 1 child 1 2Albert Rohan & wifer3 children 1 5George F. Rohan & wifer5 children 1 7Merced FallsWithout landOld Wilson & wife 1 2Mariposa County 25

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.r rr r Next: Mono Countyr •r Contentsr •r Previous: Madera Countyr rr r rrr rrr rr http://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/1905_indian_census/mariposa-county.htmlrr r r r r r r r r r r r r rrr rr Yosemite > Library >r 1905 Indian Census >r Mono County >rr rrr r rr r Next: Tuolumne Countyr •r Contentsr •r Previous: Mariposa Countyr rr r rMariposa County 26

Census of Non-reservation California Indians,1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer,ed.r r r r rr r rMono Countyr r rNameMONO COUNTYrShoshonean StockBentonWithout landIndiansJim Kelty & wife 1 2Phil Bowers & wife 1 2Tom Snake & wife 1 2Mixed bloodsHeads of Heads offamilies. No. families. No.George Washington & wifer3 children 1 5Butcher Fred & wifer4 children 1 6Mary Ann & 2 children 1 2Susie Kelty 1Frank Couch & wifer2 childrenrmother 1 5Dick Harrison & wifer1 childr2 aunts 1 5Joe McBride & wifer4 children 1 6Jack 2nd & wife 1 2Adobe Jim & wifer3 children 1 5Bronco Bob & wifer1 child 1 3Winnemucca Jim & wife 1 21 6Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, 27 ed.

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.Bronco George & wifer4 childrenBob & wifer3 children 1 4Benton Pat & motherrhalf-sister 1 3Mike & wifer2 children 1 4Anna & 1 child 1 2Big Cake & 1 child 1 2Pete Deveraux & wifer2 children 1 4Zap & wifer1 child 1 3Little George & wifer1 child 1 3Minnie Briggsr2 children 1 3Abe & wifer6 children 1 8Benton Tom & wifer1 child 1. 3Charley Snake & wifer2 children 1 4Owning landBilly Harrison & wiferfatherrmother 1 4BodieOwning landFee Foster 1 1Without landPokor Bill & wifer1 childr 1 step-child 1 4Howard Thompson & wife 1 2Mary Ann 1Capt. John & wifer5 children 1 7Johnnie Harry & wifer1 childr 1 aunt 1 4Old Dick & wife 1 2Pappoose George & wifermother 1 3Dempsey & wife 1 2Hona & 3 children 1 3Mono County 28

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.Ben Smith & wifer1 childr sister-in-law 1 4Bodie Joe & 2 children 1 3Maggie Stephens 1Piute Silas Smith 1 1George Shaw & wife 1 2Coffee 1 1Eugene 1 1Susie Frank 1Maggie 1Debby & wifer1 child 1 3Murphy Williams & wife 1 2Jim Stephens & wife 1 2Juanita & wifer1 child 1 3Williams Dick & wife 1 2FarringtonOwning landJohnnie Cluette & wifer3 childrenr father 1 6Jamison & wifer2 children 1 4Without landLouis McGowanr3 sistersr1 brother 1 5Johnson & wife 1 2Paiute George & wife 1 2Dr. Charley & wife 1 2Bridgeport Tom & 2 wivesr10 children 1 13Jake Charley & wifer2 children 1 1+Will Hasson & wife 1 2Young Charley & 2 wivesr6 children 1 9Old Jim & wife 1 2Louis Murphy & wife 1 2Slim Jim & Old Sam 2 2Johnnie Keefe & wifer1 child 1 3Mono LakeWithout landMono County 29

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.Bob Yank 1 1Jake Gilbert & wifer3 children 1 5Joe Brown & wifer2 children 1 4Joaquin Sammie & wifer1 child 1 3Tom Pierce 1 1Pat Gregory & wifer2 children 1 4Yank & wifer1 child 1 3Mike & wifer2 children 1 4Big (Fat) Sam & wifer3 children 1 5Frank Sam & wife 1 2Jack & wifer2 children 1 4Fat Mike & wifer2 children 1 4Mrs. Fat Sam No. 2r1 child 1 2BridgeportWithout landBill Lundy & 2 wivesr5 children 1 8Fat Bill & mother 1 2Tom Hays & wifer5 children 1 7Frank & wife 1 2August Corders & wifer3 children 1 5John Craig & wifer1 child 1 3Mooney & wifer3 children 1 5Ed Allen & wifer1 child 1 3Bob & wife 1 2Richard Bartwell & wifer3 children 1 5Pretty Charley & wifer4 children 1 6John Craig Jr. & wife 1 2Mono County 30

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.Johnnie Summers & wifer3 children 1 5Fred Summers & wifer1 child 1 3Mrs. California Dickr2 children 1 3Mack & 2 children 1 3Old Sam & wifer1 child 1 3John Lewis & wifer3 children 1 5Bob Friday & wifer2 children 1 4Jacobs & wifer3 children 1 5Paddy Summers & wifer1 child 1 3Washo StockSam Sunday & wifer2 children 1 4George Sunday & wifer2 children 1 4Antelope ValleyOwning landHenry Rube & wifer6 children 1 8Willie Rube & wifer6 children 1 8Without landDick & wifer5 childrenr1 adopted childrfather-in-lawrmother-in-law 1 10Johnnie Summers & wifer3 children 1 5Mrs. Anna Georger3 children 1 4Mary Rafael 1Eddie & wife 1 2Mollie Bagley 1Old Rube & wife 1 2Charley Frank & wifer5 children 1 71 7Mono County 31

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.r r rr rJohnnie Sam & wifer5 childrenSam Rickey & wifer1 grandsonrfather 1 4Pete Sam & wifer1 child 1 3Billy Cornbread & wifer6 children 1 8Ed Cornbread & wifer2 children 1 4Yellow Jacket 1 1Long Pete & wiferi children 1 6Nannie Arnett & wifer1 child 1 3Joe Arnett & wifer1 child 1 3Charley Frank & wifer3 children 1 5Frank Goodnough & wife 1 2Parker Bill Johnnie & wifer1 childrmotherrsister 1 5Mrs. Harry Filmore 1Mrs. George 1r rr r Next: Tuolumne Countyr •r Contentsr •r Previous: Mariposa Countyr rr r rrr rrr rr r r r r r r r r r r r r rr http://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/1905_indian_census/mono-county.htmlrMono County 32

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.rr rr Yosemite > Library >r 1905 Indian Census >r Tuolumne County >rr rrr r rr r Contentsr •r Previous: Mono Countyr rr r rMono County 33

Census of Non-reservation California Indians,1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer,ed.r r r r rr r rTuolumne Countyr r rName[TUOLUMNE COUNTY]Miwak StockColumbiaWithout landIndiansMrs. George Plummer 1Mixed bloodsHeads of Heads offamilies. No. families. No.Ed Plummer & wifer5 children 1 7AlecrPhilrBill 3 3Eugene Day & 4 childrenrmother 1 6Ponce & wifer5 children 1 7Old Becky 1Ward’s FerryOwning landG. Anderson & wifer6 children 1 8Bald RockOwning landBilly Fuller & wifer3 children 1 5Without landOld Chief Bill & wife 1 2Big Jack & wife 1 2Jim & wiferOne-eyed Jim 1 3Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, 34 ed.

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.Mechach 1 1CherokeeWithout landWhiskey Bill & wifer1 childrmother-in-law 1 4Kitty & 3 children 1 4SonoraWithout landBilly Maris & wifer5 childrenrstep-childrenrmother 1 9Bildad & wifer3 children 1 5Jasper & wifer4 children 1 6Kalpena 1 1Baleela & wifer4 children 1 6JamestownWithout landJack & wife 1 2Tom & wife 1 2Tom, Jr. & wifer2 childrenr2 old women 1 6GrovelandWithout landCapt. Tom Thompson & wifer8 children 1 10Jimmie 1 1Longfellow & wifer1 child 1 3Charles Hill 1 1Sullivan 1Frank Wilson & wifer1 child 1 3Emma George 1 1Jim Hamilton & wifer3 children 1 5Andy 1 1Jack Lynch 1 11 3Tuolumne County 35

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.r r rr rEugene Tom & wifer1 childAlec Thompson & wifer2 children 1 4Mary 1 1r rr r Contentsr •r Previous: Mono Countyr rr r rrr rrr rr http://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/1905_indian_census/tuolumne-county.htmlrr r r r r r rr r r r r r rrr rr Yosemite > Library >r 1905 Indian Census >rr r rrr rr r Next: Editor’s Introductionr rr rr rTuolumne County 36

Census of Non-reservation California Indians,1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer,ed.r r rrr rr• Editor’s Introductionr by Robert F. Heizerrr• Summary of Indian Censusr• Counties surrounding Yosemite National Park:rr♦ Madera County (south of Yosemite National Park)rrrr♦ Mariposa County (southern Yosemite National Park, including Yosemite Valley, and areasouthwest of Yosemite National Park)rr♦ Mono County (east of Yosemite National Park)rr♦ Tuolumne County (northern Yosemite National Park and area northwest of YosemiteNational Park)rr Web Editor’s note:r I only reproduced census rolls for counties surrounding Yosemite National Park.rr• r This book also contains census rolls for most other Northern California counties, which arepublished in the book but I did not post online:r Alameda, Alpine, Amador, Butte, Calveras, Colusa,Del Norte, El Dorado, Fresno, Glen, Humboldt, Inyo, Kern, Kings, Lake, Lassen, Mendocino, Modoc,Monterey, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Sonoma, Sutter, Tehama, Trinity, Tulare,Yolo, and Yuba.rr• r Three counties had no Indian settlements: San Francisco, Santa Clara, and Solano counties.rr• r Nine counties Kelsey did not have time to visit:r Marin, Merced, Sacramento, San Benito, SantaCruz, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, and Stanislaus counties.rCensus of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, 37 ed.

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.r• r No plans were apparently made to enumerate the then-seven Southern California counties, althoughthey had substantial numbers of American Indians:r Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, Santa Barbara,San Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura counties.rrr —dea.rr r rr rAbout the Authorr rr rrrr Robert F. Heizer, Editorrr Charles E. Kelsey was appointed by Congress in 1906 as a Special Indian Agent for California working forthe Bureau of Indian Affairs.r He was a San Jose attorney.r C. E. Kelsey graduated from Amherst College in1884.r As an advocate of Indian rights, he specialized in documenting bands and tribes without reservationlands. The 1905-1906 census was part of the effort to determine how many had no land.r One result of thiseffort was the purchase of land for small reservations, called “Rancherias“ for landless Indians.r Kelsey wrotea book Indian Rights and Wrongs (1907) and was secretary and a director of the Northern California IndianAssociation of San Jose.r Later Kelsey was president of the Conservation Association of Southern California.rr rAbout the Editorrr Robert F. “Bob” Heizer (July 13, 1915–July 18, 1979) was a professor of anthropology at University ofCalifornia Berkeley. He wrote several books and papers on Native Americans of California and Nevada. Hewas a pioneer in using science in archaeology, such as radiocarbon dating.rr rrAbout the Author 38

Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906 by Charles E. Kelsey; Robert F. Heizer, ed.rrr r• Heizer BiographyBibliographical Informationr rr Charles E. Kelsey (before 1884-after 1925)r Census of Non-reservation California Indians, 1905-1906r(Berkeley, California:r r Archaeological Research Facility, Department of Anthropology, University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, 1971).r Edited by Robert F. Heizer (1915-1979).r v+118 pages. 28 cm.r No copyright.rr rr Digitized by Dan Anderson, August 2006,r from a copy at the University of California, San Diego library.rThese files may be used for any non-commercial purpose,r provided this notice is left intact.rr —Dan Anderson, www.yosemite.ca.usrr r rrr rr r r r rrr rrr rr r r rr r Next: Editor’s Introductionr rr http://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/1905_indian_census/rAbout the Editor 39