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RADIOACTIVESOLUTIONS ANDGASESUpdated section

RADIOACTIVESOLUTIONS ANDThis section containsdetailed information aboutGASESradioactive referencesolutions. Low activitysolutions manufactured bythe National PhysicalLaboratory in the UK are also part of the Isotrak product range.Mixed radionuclide solutions recommended by national standards laboratories (NIST-USA orPTB-Germany) used for calibrating gamma-ray spectrometers, are also shown.If the required solution is not shown, please specify your requirements using the form at the endof this section.Mixed nuclide solutions 5Inactive diluents 12Single nuclide solutions 13Heavy element tracer solutions 21NPL standard solutions 26Form to require a custom solution 31

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.2 Mixed nuclide standardized solutionsOrdering informationProduct Energy Radio- Nominal activity Chemical Nominal For fresh for deliverycode range nuclides form volume material,[keV] [kBq] [µCi] [ml] place order...QCYB41 80-1836 Mixture NG1: 20µg/g of each 2.0Ba-133 6 0.16 elementCo-57 6 0.16 in 0.5M HCl by end December JanuaryCe-139 6 0.16 by end March AprilSr-85 30 0.81 by end June JulyCs-137 12 0.32 by end September OctoberMn-54 12 0.32Zn-65 30 0.81Y-88 30 0.81total activity:132kBq (3.6µCi)QCY44 88-1836 Mixture NG2: 25µg/g of each 5.0 by mid December MarchCd-109 78 2.1 element by mid March JuneCo-57 3 0.1 in 4M HCl by mid June SeptemberCe-139 4 0.1 by mid September DecemberHg-203 11 0.3Sn-113 14 0.4Sr-85 18 0.5Cs-137 13 0.4Co-60 15 0.4Y-88 29 0.8total activity:185kBq (5.1µCi)QCY46 88-1836 Mixture NG2: 25µg/g of each 50 by mid December MarchCd-109 78 2.1 element by mid March JuneCo-57 3 0.1 in 4M HCl by mid June SeptemberCe-139 4 0.1 by mid September DecemberHg-203 11 0.3Sn-113 14 0.4Sr-85 18 0.5Cs-137 13 0.4Co-60 15 0.4Y-88 29 0.8total activity:185kBq (5.1µCi)9

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.2 Mixed nuclide standardized solutionsOrdering informationProduct Energy Radio- Nominal activity Chemical Nominal For fresh for deliverycode range nuclides form volume material,[keV] [kBq] [µCi] [ml] place order...QCY48 60-1836 Mixture NG3: 25µg/g (except 5.0 by mid December MarchAm-241 17 0.5 Am) of each by mid March JuneCd-109 78 2.1 element in by mid June SeptemberCo-57 3 0.1 4M HCl by mid September DecemberCe-139 4 0.1Hg-203 11 0.3Sn-113 14 0.4Sr-85 18 0.5Cs-137 13 0.4Co-60 15 0.4Y-88 29 0.8total activity:202kBq (5.6µCi)QCYB40 46-136 Mixture NG4: 20µg/g of each 2.0Pb-210 20 0.5 elementAm-241 4 0.1 (except Am) in by end December JanuaryCd-109 20 0.5 0.5M HNO 3 by end June JulyCo-57 2 0.1total activity:46kBq (1.2µCi)QCY54 88-1836 Mixture NG5: 25µg/g of each 5.0 by mid December MarchCd-109 85 2.3 element in by mid March JuneCo-57 3 0.09 4M HCl by mid June SeptemberCe-139 4 0.11 by mid September DecemberCr-51 152 4.1Sn-113 15 0.42Sr-85 20 0.53Cs-137 14 0.38Co-60 17 0.45Y-88 33 0.88total activity:343kBq (9.3µCi)10

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.2 Mixed nuclide standardized solutionsOrdering informationProduct Energy Radio- Nominal activity Chemical Nominal For fresh for deliverycode range nuclides form volume material,[keV] [kBq] [µCi] [ml] place order...QCY56 88-1836 Mixture NG5: 25µg/g of each 50 by mid December MarchCd-109 85 2.3 element in by mid March JuneCo-57 3 0.09 4M HCl by mid June SeptemberCe-139 4 0.11 by mid September DecemberCr-51 152 4.1Sn-113 15 0.42Sr-85 20 0.53Cs-137 14 0.38Co-60 17 0.45Y-88 33 0.88total activity:343kBq (9.3µCi)QCY58 60-1836 Mixture NG6: 25µg/g of each 5.0 by mid December MarchAm-241 17 0.45 element by mid March JuneCd-109 85 2.3 (except Am) in by mid June SeptemberCo-57 3 0.09 4M HCl by mid September DecemberCe-139 4 0.11Cr-51 152 4.1Sn-113 15 0.42Sr-85 20 0.53Cs-137 14 0.38Co-60 17 0.45Y-88 33 0.88total activity:360kBq (9.7µCi)QCYK8163 60-1836 Mixture NG7: 25µg/g of each 5.0 by midAm-241 17 0.45 element June SeptemberCd-109 78 2.1 (except Am) inCo-57 3 0.09 4M HClCe-139 4 0.11Hg-203 11 0.3Sn-113 14 0.4Sr-85 18 0.5Cs-137 13 0.35Mn-54 14 0.38Co-60 15 0.4Zn-65 30 0.81Y-88 29 0.8total activity:246kBq (6.6µCi)11

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.2 Mixed nuclide standardized solutionsOrdering information - Inactive diluentsFor use Product code Acid Maximum volume Compositionwith of diluent to to use per ampouleorder of diluent 1)Inactive diluents provide an accurate and stable means of diluting the mixedradionuclide solutions. The correct use of the inactive diluents avoids problems ofpreferential adsorption of the radioactive species on the walls of the container.To dilute a mixed nuclide solution, choose the diluent to match the solution from the listbelow. Mix the diluent, mixed radionuclide solution and correct acid to the volumeneeded. The maximum possible volume is shown in the table; if a larger volume isneeded, use additional ampoules of diluent.QCYB41 NQB2393 0.5M HCl 1000 ml 5ml of 0.5M HCl4mg/ml of Ba ,Co, Ce, Sr, Cs, Mn, Zn & YQCY44 N440 4M HCl 50 ml 5ml of 4M HCl0.225mg/ml of Cd, Cs, Co, Ce, Hg ,Sr, Sn & YQCY44 N441 4M HCl 500 ml 50ml of 4M HCl0.225mg/ml of Cd, Cs, Co, Ce, Hg, Sr, Sn & YQCY46 N440 4M HCl 100 ml 5ml of 4M HCl0.225mg/ml of Cd, Cs, Co, Ce, Hg, Sr, Sn & YQCY46 N441 4M HCl 500 ml 50ml of 4M HCl0.225mg/ml of Cd, Cs, Co, Ce, Hg, Sr, Sn & YQCY48 N440 4M HCl 50 ml 5ml of 4M HCl0.225mg/ml of Cd, Cs, Co, Ce, Hg,Sr,Sn & YQCY48 N441 4M HCl 500 ml 50ml of 4M HCl0.225mg/ml of Cd, Cs, Co, Ce, Hg,Sr,Sn & YQCYB40 NQB2392 0.5M HNO 3 1000 ml 5ml of 0.5M HNO 34mg/ml of Pb, Cd & CoQCY54 N540 4M HCl 50 ml 5ml of 4M HCl0.225mg/ml of Cd, Cs, Co, Ce, Cr, Sr, Sn & YQCY54 N541 4M HCl 500 ml 50ml of 4M HCl0.225mg/ml of Cd, Cs, Co, Ce, Cr, Sr, Sn & YQCY56 N540 4M HCl 100 ml 5ml of 4M HCl0.225mg/ml of Cd, Cs, Co, Ce, Cr, Sr, Sn & YQCY56 N541 4M HCl 500 ml 50ml of 4M HCl0.225mg/ml of Cd, Cs, Co, Ce, Cr ,Sr, Sn & YQCY58 N540 4M HCl 50 ml 5 ml of 4M HCl0.225mg/ml of Cd, Cs, Co, Ce, Cr, Sr, Sn & YQCY58 N541 4M HCl 500 ml 50ml of 4M HCl0.225mg/ml of Cd, Cs, Co, Ce, Cr, Sr, Sn & YQCYK8163 NK8192 4M HCl 500 ml 50ml of 4M HCl0.225mg/ml of Cd, Cs, Co, Ce, Hg, Sr, Sn, Y, Mn & Zn1) The solutions can in principle be diluted to any volume using additional ampoules of inactive diluent.12

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.3 Standardized solutionsDescriptionA wide range of single radionuclides insolution is available with activityconcentrations ranging from4kBq/g to 4MBq/g.The solutions are supplied in flamesealedglass ampoules to ensure thatnone of the solution evaporates duringtransport or storage.Solutions designed for calibratingradionuclide calibrators in nuclearmedicine departments are supplied invials, identical to the vials used forradiopharmaceuticals. There is a smallrisk of evaporation from vials, so thecertificate of calibration states the totalactivity of the radionuclide rather thanthe radioactive concentration. Thesesolutions are not suitable forsub-division.Chemical compositionMeasurementTwo methods are used to calibrate standardized solutions. Both are traceable tonational standards.1) Direct calibrationHigh accuracy standardized solutions are assayed by coincidence countingtechniques. The techniques are similar to those used at national standardslaboratories. Directly calibrated solutions are identified by the letter ‘Z’ as the thirdletter of the product code.2) Indirect calibrationThese solutions are assayed on a highly stable transfer instrument, which has beencalibrated continuously for more than 30 years using standards from each batch ofdirectly calibrated solutions. Indirectly calibrated solutions are identified by the letter‘Y’ as the third letter of the product code.Directly calibrated solutions offer the very high accuracy needed for someapplications.The chemical composition of thesolutions is shown on pages 15 to 20.Most of the solutions also contain nonradioactivecarrier elements tominimise adsorption of the radioactivematerial onto the surface of theampoule. Normally the carrierconcentration is 100µg/ml of theinactive element.CertificationA UKAS certificate of calibration is provided for every solution. The certificate states:• Radionuclide• Reference time and date of measurement• Radioactivity concentration (activity per gram of solution) and/or total activity• Mass of solution (for directly calibrated solutions in flame-sealed ampoules only,and excluding carbon-14 and tritium)• Measurement method• Uncertainty• Radionuclidic purity• Chemical composition and carrier concentration (for solutions supplied in flamesealedampoules only)• Current best estimate of the half life of the radionuclideThe Certificate of Calibration is normally packed with the ampoule; forradionuclides with a half life less than 5 days, an abbreviated report is used and theCertificate is despatched separately by post shortly afterwards.13

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.3 Standardized solutionsTraceabilityRadionuclidic purityThe radioactive solutions are prepared from carefully specified raw materials, andchemically purified where appropriate. Radionuclidic purity is measured by detailedradiochemical analysis of the solution and by spectroscopic techniques. Some solutionsmay be checked by high resolution gamma- or X-ray spectrometry alone. The activityof any impurities detected are expressed as a percentage of the main radionuclide at thereference time. Full information is given on the certificate of calibration.Standardized Solutions are traceable tostandards held by national laboratoriessuch as the National PhysicalLaboratory (UK), the National Instituteof Standards and Technology (USA),the Laboratoire National HenriBecquerel (France) and many othernational laboratories world-wide.Further details are given in section 9.1.Storage/dispensingIn normal laboratory conditions, the solutions are expected to be chemically stable inthe original ampoules for at least 2 years from the date of despatch of the solution. Thesolutions are designed to be redispensed by the user from the ampoule to othercontainers using normal radiochemical dispensing techniques. The solutions may bediluted, but in order to maintain chemical stability, the diluent should have the samechemical composition and contain the same concentration of non-radioactive carrier asthe standardized solution.If a solution is used for preparing a solid source, care should be exercised to ensure thatvolatile compounds (such as antimony, mercury or tin) are not lost from the sourceduring evaporation to dryness. Precipitation is usually satisfactory but it is advisable tocheck that no radioactivity is lost during the procedure.Quality assuranceCALIBRATIONNO.0146Products are manufactured inaccordance with a quality managementsystem which has been approved tomeet the requirements ofBSIEN ISO/IEC 17025:2000.TolerancesAvailabilitySolutions are dispensed so that the activity at the reference time falls within the range-20% to +40% of the nominal activity stated on pages 15 to 20. Wider variations canoccur for short lived nuclides but such variations do not normally affect the usefulnessof standards produced from the solutions.The availability of the differentradionuclides is shown on pages 15 to20. Radionuclides held in stock arenormally despatched within one weekof receipt of order.UncertaintiesThe reported uncertainty is based on a standard uncertainty multiplied by a coveragefactor k=2, providing a level of confidence of approximately 95% (see section 9.2).14

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.3 Standardized solutionsOrdering informationRadionuclide, Measurement For fresh for Nominal activity Nominal Producthalf life, uncertainty material, delivery volume codedescription of solutionplace order …Americium-241 ±0.5% from stock 200kBq 54µCi 5ml AMZ44433y 20kBq 0.54µCi 5ml AMZ24Americium in 0.5M HClAmericium in 0.5M HNO 3 ±0.5% from stock 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml AMZ44020kBq 0.54µCi 5ml AMZ240Antimony-125 (+Te-125m not ±1.7% please enquire 4MBq 108µCi 1ml ACZ72necessarily in equilibrium) 2MBq 54µCi 5ml ACZ642.73y 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml ACZ44Antimony in 0.5M HCl containing1mg tartaric acidBarium-133 ±2% fom stock 4MBq 108µCi 1ml BDZ7210.52y 2MBq 54µCi 5ml BDZ64Barium in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml BDZ44Cadmium-109 (+ Ag-109m in ±1.4% mid Sept. Dec. 4MBq 108µCi 1ml CUZ72equilibrium) 2MBq 54µCi 5ml CUZ641.27y 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml CUZ44Cadmium in 0.1M HClCaesium-134 ±0.9% mid March May 4MBq 108µCi 1ml CCZ722.06y 2MBq 54µCi 5ml CCZ64Caesium in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml CCZ4420kBq 0.54µCi 5ml CCZ24Caesium-137 (+Ba-137m in ±1.4% from stock 4MBq 108µCi 1ml CDZ72equilibrium) 2MBq 54µCi 5ml CDZ6430.0y 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml CDZ44Caesium in 0.1 M HCl 20kBq 0.54µCi 5ml CDZ24Calcium-45 ±1.4% mid Feb. April 2MBq 54µCi 5ml CEZ64163d mid Aug. Oct. 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml CEZ44Calcium in 0.1M HClCarbon-14 ±1.7% from stock 2MBq 54µCi 5ml CFZ645730y 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml CFZ44Sodium carbonate in water (5mg/ml)Solution contains1mg formaldehyde/mlGlucose in water (1mg/ml) ±1% from stock 2MBq 54µCi 5ml CFZ640Solution contains 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml CFZ4401mg formaldehyde /mlSolutions of C-14 are notindividually weighed but aredispensed within the range 5.0g±0.2g15

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.3 Standardized solutionsOrdering informationRadionuclide, Measurement For fresh for Nominal activity Nominal Producthalf life, uncertainty material, delivery volume codedescription of solutionplace order …Cerium-139 ±2% beginning 4MBq 108µCi 1ml CXZ72137.6d Sept. Dec. 2MBq 54µCi 5ml CXZ64Cerium in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml CXZ44±3.4% beginning 4MBq 108µCi 1ml CXY72Sept. Dec. 2MBq 54µCi 5ml CXY64200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml CXY44Cerium-141 ±0.7% beginning 4MBq 108µCi 1ml CGZ7232.5d July Sept. 2MBq 54µCi 5ml CGZ64Cerium in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml CGZ44Chlorine-36 ±1.4% from stock 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml CIZ443.02 x 10 5 ySodium chloride in watercontaining 1mg formaldehyde/mlChromium-51 ±1% mid Dec. March 4MBq 108µCi 1ml CJZ7227.7d mid June Sept. 2MBq 54µCi 5ml CJZ64Sodium chromate in dilute 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml CJZ44NH 4 OH(pH 7-8)±3.4% mid Dec. March 4MBq 108µCi 1ml CJY72mid June Sept. 2MBq 54µCi 5ml CJY64200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml CJY44Cobalt-57 ±1% from stock 4MBq 108µCi 1ml CTZ72271.4d 2MBq 54µCi 5ml CTZ64Cobalt in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml CTZ44Cobalt-58 ±1% mid Oct. Dec. 4MBq 108µCi 1ml CRZ7278.8d 2MBq 54µCi 5ml CRZ64Cobalt in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml CRZ44±2.0% mid Oct. Dec. 4MBq 108µCi 1ml CRY722MBq 54µCi 5ml CRY64200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml CRY44Cobalt-60 ±0.5% from stock 4MBq 108µCi 1ml CKZ725.27y 2MBq 54µCi 5ml CKZ64Cobalt in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml CKZ4420kBq 0.54µCi 5ml CKZ24Europium-152 ±2.7% from stock 4MBq 108µCi 1ml EFY7213.3y 2MBq 54µCi 5ml EFY64Europium in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml EFY44Gallium-67 ±5.4% please enquire 4MBq 108µCi 1ml GJY723.26d 2MBq 54µCi 5ml GJY64Gallium in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml GJY4416

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.3 Standardized solutionsOrdering informationRadionuclide, Measurement For fresh for Nominal activity Nominal Producthalf life, uncertainty material, delivery volume codedescription of solutionplace order …Hydrogen-3 (tritium) ±2% from stock 2MBq 54µCi 5ml TRY6412.33y 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml TRY44Tritiated waterSolutions of H-3 are not individuallyweighed but are dispensed withinthe range 5.0g±0.2gIndium-111 ±3.4% please enquire 4MBq 108µCi 1ml INY722.83d 2MBq 54µCi 5ml INY64Indium in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml INY44Iodine-125 ±1% mid Dec. Feb. 4MBq 108µCi 1ml IMZ7260.1d mid March May 2MBq 54µCi 5ml IMZ64Sodium iodide in 200µg/ml mid June Aug. 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml IMZ44sodium thiosulphate solution mid Sept. Nov. 20kBq 0.54µCi 5ml IMZ24containing 1mg formaldehyde/mlIodine-129 ±1% please enquire 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml ISZ4415.7x10 6 y 20kBq 0.54µCi 5ml ISZ24Sodium iodide in 15mg/ml sodiumsulphite solution containing sodiumchloride and 1mg formaldehyde/mlIodine-131 ±0.6% mid April May 20MBq 540µCi 5ml IBZ848.04d mid Oct. Nov. 4MBq 108µCi 1ml IBZ72Sodium iodide in 200µg/ml sodium 2MBq 54µCi 5ml IBZ64thiosulphate solution containing 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml IBZ441mg formaldehyde/ml 20kBq 0.54µCi 5ml IBZ24±1.4% mid Jan. Feb. 4MBq 108µCi 1ml IBY72mid April May 2MBq 54µCi 5ml IBY64mid July Aug. 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml IBY44mid Oct. Nov. 20kBq 0.54µCi 5ml IBY24Iron-55 ±2.7% (on rate from stock 4MBq 108µCi 1ml IEZ722.7y of production 2MBq 54µCi 5ml IEZ64Iron in 0.1M HNO 3 of K X-rays) 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml IEZ44Iron-59 ±0.7% beginning 4MBq 108µCi 1ml IFZ7245.1d June Aug. 2MBq 54µCi 5ml IFZ64Iron in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml IFZ44±1.4% beg. Feb. April 4MBq 108µCi 1ml IFY72beg. June Aug. 2MBq 54µCi 5ml IFY64200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml IFY44Krypton-85 ±5.4% please enquire 400MBq 10.8mCi KAY123910.72y 200MBq 5.4mCi KAY1139Gas in P1A ampoule 40MBq 1.08mCi KAY939±6.7% please enquire 4MBq 108µCi KAY73917

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.3 Standardized solutionsOrdering informationRadionuclide, Measurement For fresh for Nominal activity Nominal Producthalf life, uncertainty material, delivery volume codedescription of solutionplace order …Lead-210 ±1.7% from stock 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml RBZB4422.3y 20kBq 0.54µCi 5ml RBZB24Lead/bismuth in 0.5M HNO 3Manganese-54 ±0.9% mid May Aug. 4MBq 108µCi 1ml MFZ72312.5d 2MBq 54µCi 5ml MFZ64Manganese in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml MFZ44Mercury-203 ±0.6% mid Dec. March 4MBq 108µCi 1ml MBZ7246.6d mid June Sept. 2MBq 54µCi 5ml MBZ64Mercury in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml MBZ44±1.5% mid Dec. March 4MBq 108µCi 1ml MBY72mid June Sept. 2MBq 54µCi 5ml MBY64200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml MBY44Molybdenum-99 ±2.4% please enquire 4MBq 108µCi 1ml MCZ72(+Tc-99m in equilibrium) 2MBq 54µCi 5ml MCZ642.75d 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml MCZ44Ammonium molybdate in0.01M NH 4 OH ±4% please enquire 4MBq 108µCi 1ml MCY722MBq 54µCi 5ml MCY64200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml MCY44Neptunium-237 ±1% please enquire 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml NGZ442.14x10 6 y 20kBq 0.54µCi 5ml NGZ24Neptunium in 0.1M HCl(1.4mg 237 Np/µCi)Nickel-63 ±1.7% from stock 2MBq 54µCi 5ml NBZ64100.0y 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml NBZ44Nickel in 0.1M HClPhosphorus-32 ±1.7% mid Jan. March 20MBq 540µCi 5ml PBZ84014.3d mid May July 2MBq 54µCi 5ml PBZ640Sodium orthophosphate in water mid Sept. Nov. 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml PBZ440containing 1mg formaldehyde/mlPlutonium-238 ±1% please enquire 20kBq 0.54µCi 5ml PPZ2487.7yPlutonium in 0.5M HNO 3Promethium-147 ±1.4% from stock 2MBq 54µCi 5ml PHZ642.62y 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml PHZ44Neodymium + trace of promethiumin 0.1M HCl18

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.3 Standardized solutionsOrdering informationRadionuclide, Measurement For fresh for Nominal activity Nominal Producthalf life, uncertainty material, delivery volume codedescription of solutionplace order …Radium-226 ±2.7% from stock 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml RAY441600y 20kBq 0.54µCi 5ml RAY24Radium in 0.5M HClRuthenium-103 ±1.4% beginning 4MBq 108µCi 1ml RIZ7239.4d Feb. April 2MBq 54µCi 5ml RIZ6Ruthenium in 1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml RIZ44±2.7% beginning 4MBq 108µCi 1ml RIY72Feb. April 2MBq 54µCi 5ml RIY64200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml RIY44Ruthenium-106 ±1.4% mid June August 4MBq 108µCi 1ml RKZ721.01y 2MBq 54µCi 5ml RKZ64Ruthenium in 1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml RKZ44Selenium-75 ±3% mid April June 4MBq 108µCi 1ml SCZ72119.8d 2MBq 54µCi 5ml SCZ64Sodium selenite in water 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml SCZ44containing 1mg formaldehyde/mlSodium-22 ±0.6% from stock 4MBq 108µCi 1ml SKZ722.60y 2MBq 54µCi 5ml SKZ64Sodium in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml SKZ44Strontium-85 ±1.4% mid Nov. March 4MBq 108µCi 1ml SOZ7264.84d mid May Sept. 2MBq 54µCi 5ml SOZ64Strontium in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml SOZ44±2.4% mid Nov. March 4MBq 108µCi 1ml SOY72mid May Sept. 2MBq 54µCi 5ml SOY64200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml SOY44Strontium-89 ±1% mid Feb. April 2MBq 54µCi 5ml SMZ6450.5d mid July Sept. 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml SMZ44Strontium in 0.1M HCl 20kBq 0.54µCi 5ml SMZ24Strontium-90 ±1% from stock 2MBq 54µCi 5ml SIZ6429.12y 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml SIZ44Strontium/yttrium in 0.1M HCl 20kBq 0.54µCi 5ml SIZ242kBq 0.05µCi 5ml SIZ04Sulphur-35 ±1.4% mid Jan. March 2MBq 54µCi 5ml SJZ6487.5d mid July Sept. 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml SJZ44Lithium sulphate in 0.01M HClcontaining 1mg formaldehyde/ml19

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.3 Standardized solutionsOrdering informationRadionuclide, Measurement For fresh for Nominal activity Nominal Producthalf life, uncertainty material, delivery volume codedescription of solutionplace order …Technetium-99 ±1% from stock 2MBq 54µCi 5ml TCZ64212860y 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml TCZ44Ammonium pertechnetate in0.01M NH 4 OHTechnetium-99m ±6% UK only 4MBq 108µCi 1ml TKY726.02h please enquire 2MBq 54µCi 5ml TKY64Carrrier free in saline in 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml TKY440.01M NH 4 OHThallium-201 ±3.4% please enquire 4MBq 108µCi 1ml TDY723.04d 2MBq 54µCi 5ml TDY64Thallium in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml TDY44Tin-113 ±3.4% mid Sept. Dec. 4MBq 108µCi 1ml TFY72115.1d 2MBq 54µCi 5ml TFY64Tin in 4M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml TFY44Tritium - see Hydrogen-3Xenon-133 ±6.7% please enquire 400MBq 10.8mCi XAY12395.25d 200MBq 5.4mCi XAY1139Gas in P1A ampoules 40MBq 1.08mCi XAY939Yttrium-88 ±1% mid Dec. March 4MBq 108µCi 1ml YEZ72106.6d mid June Sept. 2MBq 54µCi 5ml YEZ64Yttrium in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml YEZ44±1.9% mid Dec. March 4MBq 108µCi 1ml YEY72mid June Sept. 2MBq 54µCi 5ml YEY64200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml YEY44Yttrium-90 ±1% mid March April 2MBq 54µCi 5ml YAZ642.67d mid Aug. Sept. 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml YAZ44Yttrium in 0.1M HClZinc-65 ±1.4% mid May Aug. 4MBq 108µCi 1ml ZAZ72244.3d 2MBq 54µCi 5ml ZAZ64Zinc in 0.1M HCl 200kBq 5.4µCi 5ml ZAZ4420

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.4 Heavy element tracer solutionsDescriptionHeavy element tracer solutions are ultra-pure and carrier free for the best, mostaccurate, analyses possible. The solutions are supplied in flame-sealed glass ampoulesor plastic vials.Advantages of tracer solutions• High purity - minimal interference with the nuclide being traced• Carrier free - for preparing high resolution alpha sources• Cost effective - many analyses from one ampouleChemical compositionThe chemical composition of thesolutions is shown in the table.MeasurementThe activities of the radionuclides aredetermined by alpha counting usinglow solid angle or 2-π proportionalcounters. These counters are calibratedusing absolute standards which havebeen measured by defined solid anglealpha counting.CertificationEach solution is supplied with a certificate of calibration which states:• Radioactivity concentration of nuclide• Mass and volume of solution• Total activity• Reference time and date• Uncertainties• Chemical form• Radionuclidic purityRadionuclidic purityImpurities are assayed by high resolution gamma-ray spectrometry, alpha-rayspectrometry and by mass spectrometry as appropriate. Full information is given onthe certificate of calibration.21

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.4 Heavy element tracer solutionsStorage and dispensingIn normal laboratory conditions, thesolutions are expected to be chemicallystable in the original ampoules for atleast 2 years from the dateof despatch of the solution.The solutions are designed to beredispensed by the user from theampoule to other containers usingnormal radiochemical dispensingtechniques.Quality assuranceThe solutions are dispensed in a source manufacturing facility which has beenindependently audited and approved to ISO9001:1994.TolerancesLicensingThe activities and radioactivityconcentration present are detailed inthe table below at the reference date forthe measurement. Products may bereplaced by a similar product at shortnotice.An export license may be needed for these solutions. Please contact your localAEA Technology QSA office, who will help you with the formalities.AvailabilityThe solutions are despatched within 2 weeks of receipt of export license if required.Ordering informationRadio- Chemical Impurities/Comments Mass of Concentration Total activity Reference Mass of Productnuclide form solution date element code[g] [Bq/g] [Bq] [d/m/y] [µg]Ac-227 2M HNO 3 Daughters at Equilibrium 5.4 1355 7.3x10 3 12/5/93 0.0028 AFP10010Ac-227 2M HNO 3 Daughters at Equilibrium 5.4 50430 2.7x10 5 11/5/93 0.10 AFP10020Am-241 2M HNO 3 Am-241 99.9+% 5.4 397 2.1x10 3 20/6/91 0.016 AMP10010Am-241 2M HNO 3 Am-241 99.9+% 5.4 3673 2.0x10 4 6/6/91 0.16 AMP10020Am-241 2M HNO 3 Am-241 99.9+% 5.4 37200 2.0x10 5 20/7/88 1.6 AMP10030Am-241 2M HNO 3 Am-241 99.9+% 5.4 471100 2.5x10 6 6/1/87 20 AMP10040Am-241 3M HNO 3 Am-241 99.9+% 2.2 1488000 3.3x10 6 23/8/90 26 AMP10050Am-243 2M HNO 3 Am-243 99.97% 5.4 452.5 2.43x10 3 30/4/97 0.33 ATP10010Am-241 0.03%Am-243 2M HNO 3 Am-243 99.97% 5.4 1744 9.4x10 3 30/4/97 1.3 ATP10020Am-241 0.07%22

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.4 Heavy element tracer solutionsOrdering informationRadio- Chemical Impurities/Comments Mass of Concentration Total activity Reference Mass of Productnuclide form solution date element code[g] [Bq/g] [Bq] [d/m/y] [µg]Am-243 2M HNO 3 Am-243 99.5%, 5.4 4560 2.5x10 4 9/10/92 3.3 ATP10030Am-241 0.5%Am-243 2M HNO 3 Am-243 99.39%, 5.4 31150 1.7x10 5 20/3/96 23 ATP10040Am-241 0.61%Am-243 2M HNO 3 Am-243 99.46%, 1.1 737500 7.9x10 5 13/3/97 106 ATP10050Am-241 0.51%,Cm-244 ~0.004%,Cm-242

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.4 Heavy element tracer solutionsOrdering informationRadio- Chemical Impurities/Comments Mass of Concentration Total activity Reference Mass of Productnuclide form solution date element code[g] [Bq/g] [Bq] [d/m/y] [µg]Po-209 2MHNO 3 Po-209 99.7%, 5.4 5.04 2.7x10 1 22/3/96 0.000044 PQP10010Po-208 0.2%,Po-210 0.1%Pu-236 2M HNO 3 5.4 10.2 54.8 6/3/03 2.8x10 -6 PXP10005Pu-236 please enquire PXP10010Pu-238 2M HNO 3 Pu-238 >99.9% 5.4 70.3 3.8x10 2 8/2/90 0.00059 PPP10010Pu-238 2M HNO 3 Pu-238 >99.9% 5.4 4034 2.2x10 4 9/12/97 0.037 PPP10020Pu-238 2M HNO 3 Pu-238 >99.9% 5.4 42660 2.3x10 5 4/4/00 0.36 PPP10030Pu-239 2M HNO 3 Pu-239+240 99.87%, 5.3 64.1 3.4x10 2 23/5/89 0.15 PIP10020Pu-238+Am-241 0.13%Pu-239 8M HNO 3 Pu-239+240 99.87%, 6.3 157 9.8x10 2 12/2/88 0.5 PIP10030Pu-238+Am-241 0.13%Pu-239 2M HNO 3 Pu-239+240 99.88%, 5.3 3946 2.1x10 4 11/3/96 9.5 PIP10050Pu-238+Am-241 0.12%Pu-239 2M HNO 3 Pu-239+240 99.90%, 5.4 20955 1.1x10 5 28/6/95 49.5 PIP10060Pu-238+Am-241 0.10%Pu-240 2M HNO 3 Pu-239+240 99.33%, 5.4 21500 1.2x10 5 23/11/99 14 PJP10010Pu-238+Am-241 0.67%Pu-240 2M HNO 3 Pu-239+240 99.94%, 5.4 47890 2.6x10 5 20/9/88 31 PJP10020Pu-238+Am-241 0.06%Pu-241 1M HNO 3 5.2 976 5.1x10 3 24/1/90 0.0013 PKP10010Pu-241 1M HNO 3 5.2 80800 4.2x10 5 24/1/90 0.11 PKP10030Pu-242 1.4M HNO 3 Pu-242 99.98% 5.3 9.9 5.3x10 1 27/3/02 0.36 PRP10010Pu-242 1.4M HNO 3 Pu-242 99.98% 5.3 1009 5.4x10 3 5/2/02 36.5 PRP10020Ra-226 1M HCl Plus daughters 5.1 37.5 1.9x10 2 15/1/98 0.0053 RAP10010Ra-226 1M HCl Plus daughters 5.1 368 9x10 3 30/9/99 0.052 RAP10020Ra-226 1M HCl Plus daughters 5.1 3706 1.9x10 4 5/2/98 0.52 RAP10040Ra-226 1M HCl Plus daughters 5.2 38900 2.0x10 5 14/4/93 5.5 RAP10060Ra-226 1M HCl Plus daughters 5.1 79500 4.1x10 5 15/11/91 11 RAP10070Th-228please enquireTh-229 2M HNO 3 Th-228

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.4 Heavy element tracer solutionsOrdering informationRadio- Chemical Impurities/Comments Mass of Concentration Total activity Reference Mass of Productnuclide form solution date element code[g] [Bq/g] [Bq] [d/m/y] [µg]U-232 2M HNO 3 Th-228 in equilibrium 5.4 0.563 3x10 0 19/1/00 0.0000040 UDP10010U-232 2M HNO 3 Th-228 in equilibrium 5.4 6.01 3.2x10 1 12/6/90 0.000039 UDP10020U-232 2M HNO 3 Th-228 in equilibrium 5.4 66.8 3.6x10 2 1/4/99 0.00044 UDP10030U-232 2M HNO 3 Th-228 removed 2/2/00 5.4 6739 3.6x10 4 1/3/00 0.044 UDP10050U-233 2M HNO 3 U-233 99.28%, 5.4 69.1 3.7x10 2 28/11/95 1.0 UBP10010U-232 0.52%U-233 2M HNO 3 U-233 99.7% 5.4 231 1.2x10 3 2/6/94 3.5 UBP10020U-232 0.3%U-234 2M HNO 3 U-234 93.3%, 5.39 202.6 1.1x10 3 3/6/93 4.75 UEP10010U-232 6.15%,U-232 daughters 0.55%U-234 2M HNO 3 U-234 93.3%, 5.39 1966 1.1x10 4 3/6/93 46.1 UEP10020U-232 6.15%,U-232 daughters 0.55%U-235 8M HNO 3 U-234 96.3%, 6.7 624 4.2x10 3 4/2/93 2070 UCP10010U235+U-236 3.2%,U-238 0.20%,daughters 0.3%U-235 8M HNO 3 U-234 96.9%, 6.3 774 4.9x10 3 3/2/93 1720 UCP10020U-235+U-236 2.3%,U-238 0.20%,daughters 0.6%U-236 2M HNO 3 U-236 99.99%, 5.4 7.23 3.9x10 1 2/3/92 16 UFP10010U-234

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.5 NPL standards for environmental measurementsDescriptionThe National Physical Laboratory’s (NPL) range of very low activity standards havebeen developed specifically for environmental measurements. The range includes amixed nuclide standard for gamma-ray spectrometry and single nuclide solutions.The advantages of these very low activity standards are:• Easier to handle• Minimal sample preparation• Lower risk of cross-contamination• Lower risk of contaminating instruments• Suitable for laboratories where regulations restrict the quantities of radioactivematerials storedThe NPL is the UK’s national standards laboratory and has maintained the UK’sprimary radioactivity standards for more than ninety years.Courtesy of National Physical Laboratory 1)Chemical compositionThe chemical composition of thesolutions is shown below. Most of thesolutions contain a non-radioactivecarrier element to minimise adsorptionof the radioactive material onto thesurface of the ampoule.MeasurementThe activities of the radionuclides aremeasured using instruments calibratedby UK primary radioactivity standards.DispensingCertificationEach solution is provided with an NPL certificate of calibration which states:• Unique source identifier• Measurement technique• Solution description• Reference date• Calibration date• Radioactivity concentration, total activity or gamma-ray production rate• Uncertainty in radioactivity concentration, total activity or gamma-rayproduction rate• Radionuclidic purity• Solution mass• Current recommended half-life• Photon emission probabilities where appropriate• Supporting information where necessaryRadionuclidic purityThe radionuclidic purity is measured by detailed radiochemical analysis of thesolution and by spectroscopic techniques. Some solutions may be checked by highresolution gamma- or X-ray spectrometry alone. The activities of any impuritiesdetected are expressed as a percentage of the activity of the main radionuclide at thereference time. Full information is given on the certificate of calibration.The solutions are designed to beredispensed by the user from theampoule to other containers usingnormal radiochemical dispensingtechniques.TolerancesSolutions are dispensed so that the activity at the reference time is typically within±10% of the nominal activity stated in the table (pages 28 - 29).1) © Crown Copyright 1996. Reproduced by permission of the Controller of HMSO.26

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.5 NPL standards for environmental measurementsUncertaintiesThe reported uncertainty is based on a standard uncertainty multiplied by a coveragefactor k=2, providing a level of confidence of approximately 95% (see section 9.2).TraceabilityRegulations/licensingThe solutions are directly traceable to UK absolute primary radioactivity standards.NPL regularly participates in validation and calibration exercises with other nationalstandards laboratories organised under the auspices of the International Bureau forWeights and Measures (BIPM). Via this route and the Mutual RecognitionArrangement, traceability to NPL is accepted as attributing traceability to othernational standards laboratories in many other countries, eg. NIST (USA), LNHB(France) and PTB (Germany).An export licence may be needed forthese solutions. Please contact yourlocal AEA Technology QSA office, whowill help you with the formalities.Availability (lead time)Quality assuranceNPL Management Ltd has been approved by Lloyds Register Quality Assurance Ltd forcertification to ISO9001:2000.The provision of NPL’s environmental standards has been accredited by UKAS toISO17025:1999.The solutions are despatched withintwo weeks of receipt of order, or withintwo weeks of receipt of export license ifrequired.Courtesy of National Physical Laboratory 1)1) © Crown Copyright 1996. Reproduced by permission of the Controller of HMSO.27

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.5 NPL standards for environmental measurementsOrdering information - SolutionsRadio- Chemical form & carrier Radioactive Total Nominal Productnuclide concentration concentration activity mass code[Bq/g] (nCi/g) [Bq] (nCi) [g]Am-241 4M HCl 10 (0.27) 100 (2.7) 10 AMP21301Am-243 1M HNO 3 1 (0.027) 10 (0.27) 10 ATP218000.15 (0.004) 0.45 (0.01) 3 ATP21810C-14 5mg/g Na 2 CO 3 + 100 (2.7) 1000 (27) 10 CFP219021mg/g HCHO in waterC-14 2000 (54) 20000 (540) 10 CFP21903Cm-244 1M HNO 3 20000 (540) 20000 (540) 1 CLP225141000 (27) 1000 (27) 1 CLP2251320000 (540) 200000 (5400) 10 CLP225041000 (27) 10000 (270) 10 CLP2250350 (1.3) 500 (13) 10 CLP225012.5 (0.07) 25 (0.7) 10 CLP22500Cs-134 0.1mg/g Cs in 0.1M HCl 10 (0.27) 100 (2.7) 10 CCP20501Cs-137 0.1mg/g Cs in 0.1M HCl 10 (0.27) 100 (2.7) 10 CDP20301Eu-152 0.1mg/g Eu in 0.1M HCl 100 (2.7) 1000 (27) 10 EFP20903Fe-55 0.1 mg/g Fe in 300 (8.1) 300 (8.1) 1 IEP229120.1M HNO 3 300 (8.1) 3000 (81) 10 IEP22902H-3 H 2 O 10 (0.27) 100 (2.7) 10 TRP23001I-129 0.06mg/g NaI + 100 (2.7) 1000 (27) 10 ISP214021.5mg/g Na 2 SO 3 in0.001M NaOHNp-237 0.08mg/g H 2 C 2 O 4 in 10000 (270) 10000 (270) 1 NGP221145M HCl 10000 (270) 100000 (2700) 10 NGP22104100 (2.7) 1000 (27) 10 NGP221021 (0.027) 10 (0.27) 10 NGP22100Pb-210 0.05 mg/g each of 1000 (27) 10000 (270) 10 RBP22203Pb & Bi in 1.2M HNO 3 40 (1.08) 400 (10.8) 10 RBP222011 (0.027) 10 (0.27) 10 RBP22200Pu-239 1M HNO 3 20000 (540) 20000 (540) 1 PIP224141000 (27) 1000 (27) 1 PIP2241320000 (540) 200000 (5400) 10 PIP224041000 (27) 10000 (270) 10 PIP2240350 (1.3) 500 (13) 10 PIP224012.5 (0.07) 25 (0.7) 10 PIP22400Pu-242 2M HNO 3 1 (0.027) 10 (0.27) 10 PRP215000.3 (0.008) 0.9 (0.02) 3 PRP2151028

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.5 NPL standards for environmental measurementsRadio- Chemical form & carrier Radioactive Total Nominal Productnuclide concentration concentration activity mass code[Bq/g] (nCi/g) [Bq] (nCi) [g]Sr-90 0.02mg/g Sr, 0.02mg/g Y in 40 (1.1) 400 (11) 10 SIP201020.1M HCl100 (2.7) 1000 (27) 10 SIP20103Tc-99 0.1M NH 4 OH 0.6 (0.02) 6 (0.16) 10 TCP21110100 (2.7) 1000 (27) 10 TCP21102Th-229 2M HNO 3 10 (0.27) 100 (2.7) 10 TPP226011 (0.027) 10 (0.27) 10 TPP226000.3 (0.008) 0.9 (0.02) 3 TPP226100.3 (0.008) 3 (0.08) 10 TPP22620U-232 2M HNO 3 1 (0.027) 10 (0.27) 10 UDP22000U-232 100 (2.7) 1000 (27) 10 UDP22002U-232 0.3 (0.008) 0.9 (0.02) 3 UDP22010U-238 2M HNO 3 100 (2.7) 1000 (27) 10 UAP2280210 (0.27) 100 (2.7) 10 UAP22801Mixed: In 4M HCl: 600 (16) 6000 (160) 10 QCP20803Am-241 0.025mg/g of Cd, Co, Ce, 6000 (160) 60000 (1600) 10 QCP20804Cd-109Hg, Sn, Sr, Cs, YCo-57Ce-139Hg-203Sn-113Sr-85Cs-137Co-60Y-8829

6. Radioactive solutions and gases6.6 Custom preparation serviceIf the radioactive solution required is not shown in this catalogue,AEA Technology QSA will try to assist you.Please photocopy the form on the next page, fill in the details as far aspossible, and fax the form to your local AEA Technology QSA office.Alternatively, contact us by Email on:isotrak@aeat.comor visit our Internet site on the World Wide Web at:http://www.isotrak.dehttp://www.aeat-qsa.comWe will reply via your local AEA Technology QSA office.30

6. Radioactive solutions and gasesRequest for custom radioactive solutionFAX -BACKFORMTo:From:Your local AEA Technology QSA office for forwarding toIsotrak Technical ServiceName:Institute/companyAddress:Country:Tel:Fax:Email:Date:Nuclide(s) required:Chemical form (eg. in 0.1M HCl)Total activity: Bq or CiTotal volume:mlDate required by:Any special requirement:Our technical experts may be able to recommend an alternative radionuclide. If you wish, pleasetell us your application:31

AEA Technology QSA officesUnited KingdomHeadquarterAEA Technology QSA329 HarwellDidcotOxfordshire OX 11 0QJInternet:Email:http://www.isotrak.dehttp://www.aeat-qsa.comisotrak@aeat.comUSASales Office for:North and South America,Middle East, Australia,New ZealandAEA Technology QSA Inc.40 North AvenueBurlington, MA 01803tel +1 (888) 272 2242, Ext. 259tel +1 (781) 505 8259fax +1 (781) 359 9179China / Hong KongSouth East Asia Sales OfficeAEA Technology QSA Ltd.Suite 3503, 35 / FloorChina Resources Building26, Harbour RoadWanchai, Hong Kongtel +852 2596 7711tel +852 2596 7722fax +852 2586 1600FranceSouthern European Sales OfficeAEA Technology QSA12 avenue des TropiquesHightec Sud - Bâtiment BF 91955 Courtaboeuf Cedextel +33 (0) 1 64 86 22 22fax +33 (0) 1 69 86 10 65GermanySales Office for:Europe, Africa, India, JapanAEA Technology QSA GmbHGieselweg 1D-38110 Braunschweigtel +49 (0) 5307 932 555fax +49 (0) 5307 932 194AEA Technology QSA’sradiation sources business brands:ISOTRAK SOURCES SENTINEL • Calibration sources• Sources forNuclear medicine• Calibration Service• Instruments formeasuring radioactivity• Radiation sources• Industrial applications• Smoke detectors• Products and services fornon-destructive testingAEA Technology QSA and QSA are business names ofAEA Technology plc.isotrak, AktivLab, DoseGUARD, DoseGUARD Plus andGamatool are trademarks of AEA Technology plc.Kautex is a trademark of Kautex Werke.© AEA Technology plc 2004.All rights reserved.AEA Technology plc. AEA Technology QSA,329 Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QJ,United KingdomAll goods and services are sold subject to the termsand conditions of sale of the company within theAEA Technology group which supplies them.A copy of these terms and conditions is available onrequest.Your local isotrak sales office:or see our www-pages above for latest adresses.Designed and produced by impulse Werbeagentur + Verlag GmbH, D-38114 Braunschweig, Germanyiso128sec6/0304 I 3000