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T H E M A G A Z I N E O F T H E B O L O G N A C E N T E R 

REFLECTIONS ON 

150 YEARS OF ITALIAN UNITY 

WHAT LIES AHEAD? 

Summer/Fall 2011 

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY - PAUL H. NITZE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL STUDIES - SAIS 

SPECIAL ISSUE

THE MAGAZINE OF THE BOLOGNA CENTER 

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY 

PAUL H. NITZE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL STUDIES - SAIS 

Rivista Summer/Fall 2011 

Rivista is published periodically by the Bologna Center 

of the Johns Hopkins University Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced 

International Studies (SAIS). Rivista is distributed to the alumni, 

friends, and supporters of the Bologna Center. 

The views and opinions expressed in the articles of Rivista are 

those of the authors or of the editor and do not necessarily 

represent the views or the policies of The Johns Hopkins 

University or of SAIS. 

Editor 

Odette Boya Resta (BC99/DC00) 

Designer 

Orazio Metello Orsini 

Online version 

Childe Costa 

Student writers 

Elizabeth Hegedus-Berthold (BC11) 

Deane Hinton (BC11) 

Bianca Silva (BC11) 

Contributors 

Alessandra Adami 

Federiga Bindi 

Gabriella Chiappini 

Jeeyoung Choi (BC08/DC09) 

Ann Gagliardi 

Samuel George (BC11) 

John L. Harper (BC76/DC77/Ph.D.81, U.S.) 

Adrian Lyttelton 

Alessandra Nacamù 

Gianfranco Pasquino (BC66/DC67) 

Tatiana Pollard 

Veronica I. Pye 

Clarissa Ronchi 

Meera Shankar 

Francesca Torchi 

John Williams (MIPP84) 

Vera Negri Zamagni 

Photography 

Eikon Studio 

Elizabeth Garvey Photography 

Orazio Metello Orsini 

Printer 

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On the cover 

Detail of Ponte Matteotti on Via Matteotti, Bologna, 

photo by Michele Ferioli 

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Printed in Italy 

Message from the Director 

Those of you who are regular readers of Rivista will recognize familiar 

themes in these pages: the diversity and quality of our student body; the 

interesting and productive careers of our alumni in both the public and 

private sectors; and the exciting range of special lecture series and workshops that 

augment the classroom experience and engage the entire Bologna Center community 

in the immediacy of international affairs—all things that define the Bologna 

experience and reflect its success. 

The themes are familiar, but the actors 

change. As I write this note, the class of 

2012 has arrived and they are a great 

group. There are about 200 of them from 

over 40 countries, comprising one of the 

most diverse groups we’ve ever had. 

Notably, we have the first students ever to 

attend the Center from the following four 

countries—the Bahamas, Mongolia, Qatar, 

and Zimbabwe. We also have a larger 

contingent from China—nine students— 

than ever before. And also worth noting, 

about 67 percent of the non-American 

students to whom we offered admission 

this year are attending, a “yield rate” 

higher than any we’ve recorded before. 

The increasing diversity in the student 

body, the growth of enrollments from areas outside Western Europe, and the new 

areas of study I’ve mentioned in past notes, reflect the current realities of 

international affairs in which the “action” is not entirely centered in the 

developed world nor entirely focused on the transatlantic relationship. 

At the same time, as some of the articles in this issue of Rivista reflect, the 

Center continues to enjoy a special relationship with Italy and an advantage 

because of its location. The 150th anniversary of Italian unification has generated 

a great deal of public debate in which the pre-unification history of various 

Italian regions as well as current political and cultural issues heavily influence 

views. It is hard to imagine better commentators on these issues than Professors 

Lyttelton, Zamagni and Pasquino, as well as Federiga Bindi, who have offered 

their thoughts here. At the Center, the current focus on Italian unification has 

invited comparison with the birth of the United States and Professor John Harper, 

working with the University of Bologna and the city of Bologna, is planning a 

symposium in late November that will compare the birth of the modern Italian 

nation and the United States. 

This past spring and summer have offered other examples of how our 

location in Italy can affect our perspectives about issues. Along with the rest of 

the world, the extraordinary events in North Africa have occupied our attention. 

But here in Italy, we are particularly aware—indeed, encounter in our daily lives 

here in Bologna—the human consequences of refugee migration across the 

Mediterranean to the island of Lampedusa and to the Italian mainland and the 

political tensions as those refugees try (mostly unsuccessfully) to move across the 

borders between Italy and the neighboring EU countries. We are also positioned 

to see Europe’s (and Italy’s) financial crisis through different eyes. In each of 

these instances, our students are exposed to a different perspective from their 

counterparts in the U.S. and our faculty can contribute to the international 

dialogue on causes and cures with unique insights. 

Which brings me to my last point. We’ve signaled in past issues of Rivista that 

we were working to establish a “think tank” as a vehicle for faculty policy 

research, a magnet for visitors, an institutional structure for hosting conferences 

and seminar series, and a mechanism for increasing the visibility of the Center 

and its contributions. That effort got an enormous boost from Johns Hopkins 

University President Ron Daniels who has provided the seed money to move 

ahead on the project and, as announced in these pages, the Bologna Institute for 

Policy Research, under the direction of Professor Erik Jones, is now underway. Its 

five or six thematic areas of activity are now being refined, building on the 

interests and perspectives of the Center’s faculty and taking advantage of the 

particular strengths of our location in convening leading thinkers, organizing 

events, and bringing new ideas to the public debate. 

It’s an exciting time at the Center! 

Kenneth H. Keller, photo by Kaveh Sardari

Editor’s Note 

This special issue of Rivista gathers 

together various views of our 

community of scholars who share 

their perspectives on Italy’s 150th 

anniversary of unity and where this 

breathtakingly beautiful and memorabile 

country stands today. 

Uncertainty (which always 

carries with it possibility), newness, 

transition, tradition, and legacies all 

come to light—themes that are 

extremely relevant to our world today. 

Also noteworthy is the slightly 

more robust format of Rivista —an 

experiment. We look forward to 

reporting on the many new 

developments going on at the 

Center in the next issue in 2012. 

OBR 

View our latest video short featuring 

Mac Broderick’s (BC11, U.S.) 

thoughts on the Bologna Center 

experience as he bicycles through 

the hills surrounding the city. One 

Day at Hopkins SAIS Bologna, 

Episode Two: Spring is directed by 

Dario Zanasi and can be viewed at 

jhubc.it/video or on the Hopkins 

YouTube page. 

Stay tuned for Episode Three: 

Summer and Episode Four: Fall in 

2012! 

Browse Rivista online on your mobile 

device by clicking a photo of the QR 

code (bottom right). 

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T H E M A G A Z I N E O F T H E B O L O G N A C E N T E R Summer/Fall 2011 

JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY - PAUL H. NITZE SCHOOL OF ADVANCED INTERNATIONAL STUDIES - SAIS 

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Table of contents 

Italy’s 150th Anniversary 

What is there to Celebrate? 

150 Years of the Italian Economy 

Italy: Good Politics Does Not Live Here 

Italy@150: A Country in Search 

of a New Foreign Policy Paradigm 

Reflections on Thirty Years at the BC 

STUDENT PROFILE 

Lu Zhang 

BOLOGNA FEATURE 

Take a Bow for Bologna’s cuisine! 

New Intellectual Activities 

at the Bologna Center 

The Bologna Institute for Policy 

Research Opens its Doors 

BOLOGNA CENTER FACULTY 

News and Recent Books 

WHAT’S GOING ON 

At the Bologna Center 

Fall 2011 

EVENTS AND CONFERENCES 

At the Bologna Center 

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28 

40 

42 

44 

46 

50 

51 

52 

54 

55 

56 

Bringing an Original and Dynamic 

Perspective to the Center: 

Q&A with Winrich Kühne 

DEVELOPMENT SECTION 

Your support, your passion... 

our future together 

Letter from Veronica 

Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Study Trip 

The Journal… According to Sam 

2011 Issue: Leadership 

Capturing the Moment: 

Bologna Center Student Photo Contest 

Swinging on the Rooftop: 

Amici di Bologna 2011 

Alumni Weekend 2011 

There are lots of ways to help, 

and so many of you do! 

Bolognesi Around the World 

Alles Waltzer! 

In Memoriam 

jhubc.it/rivista

Italy’s 150th Anniversary 

What is there to Celebrate? 

by Adrian Lyttelton 

The celebrations have 

revealed a state of confusion, 

uncertainty and conflict over 

the meaning that should be 

attached to the events that 

led to the unification of Italy, 

and over its results. 

This prompts one to ask 

several questions: what is 

there to celebrate? 

And what has gone wrong? 

Why is the existence of Italy 

as a nation-state more 

subject to criticism than it 

was at the time of the 50th 

or 100th anniversaries? 

2 

On March 17 this year Italy celebrated 

its 150th anniversary as a united 

nation state. Many observers feared 

that the celebrations would be a failure, and that 

this would show the scarce attachment of 

Italians to the nation. 

The low point was reached in early 

February, when both the Minister of Education 

and the president of the Confederation of 

Industrialists (Confindustria) announced that 

they did not intend the anniversary to be 

celebrated as a holiday, either in schools or in 

manufacturing plants. 

This prompted an outburst by the highly 

respected former president of Italy Carlo 

Azeglio Ciampi. Ciampi had been the head of 

the committee managing the celebrations, but 

had resigned in 2010, ostensibly on grounds of 

health. Now he made plain that his reasons 

had been political. He wrote: “I feel humiliated…the 

situation seems even worse than 

when I resigned.” The Berlusconi government’s 

attitude had been indifferent and 

unhelpful, primarily because of their dependence 

on their allies in government, the Northern 

League, whose attitude to Italian unity ranges 

from the sceptical to the downright hostile. 

They identify with the mythical nation of 

Padania (the Po Valley and its watershed). 

Ciampi warned that the League’s 

opposition to the celebrations, expressed 

locally by actions like the burning of the 

tricolore flag or the refusal to sing the 

national hymn, Fratelli d’Italia, meant that 

its threat to secede from Italy should be taken 

seriously. He concluded: “looking at the 

Italy of today, I am afraid that my generation 

should unfortunately recognise that it has 

failed in its task and left to the young only a 

moral desert.” Strong words! 

Happily, in the end things did not turn out 

nearly as badly as expected. In fact, I think 

that the League’s hostility ended by provoking 

a patriotic backlash. The controversy made 

the celebrations more interesting, and large 

crowds attended the main events. The 

defence of Italian unity was often linked to 

the defence of Italy’s republican constitution 

of 1947. The leader of the largest opposition 

party, the Partito Democratico, Pierluigi 

Bersani, appeared on election placards with 

the caption “Beyond the Divisions, there is a 

United Italy.” The current president, Giorgio 

Napolitano, used his role as head of state 

with great skill to promote consciousness of 

Italy’s cultural heritage and of shared national 

values. He rejected the criticism that 

celebration of Italy’s movement for unity, the 

The Johns Hopkins University - SAIS - Bologna Center

Camillo Benso Conte di Cavour 

Giuseppe Garibaldi 

Vittorio Emanuele II di Savoia 

Pope Pius IX 

Risorgimento, was mere empty rhetoric. But he 

insisted that the celebration must lead to “a critical 

consciousness of the problems that have remained 

unresolved and a collective examination of conscience.” 

Nevertheless, the celebrations have revealed a 

state of confusion, uncertainty and conflict over the 

meaning that should be attached to the events that 

led to the unification of Italy, and over its results. 

This prompts one to ask several questions: what 

is there to celebrate? And what has gone wrong? 

Why is the existence of 

Italy as a nation-state 

more subject to criticism 

than it was at the time of 

the 50th or 100th 

anniversaries? 

To answer the first 

question briefly. Over 

the 150 years of Italian 

unity, Italy’s economic and social progress has been 

remarkable. It is hard to remember now how backward 

most of Italy was in 1861. True, there were 

always the cities like Bologna, which preserved 

something of their ancient splendour, but most were 

infested by crowds of beggars. The majority of 

Italians were peasants who lived off the land, and 

most of them struggled to meet even the basic needs 

of subsistence. Illiteracy in some regions was over 

90 percent. Now, Italy has an advanced economy, 

and in some years its GNP has probably exceeded 

that of Great Britain, the world leader in 1861. 

Kingdom of Sardinia ((House of Savoy), 1858 


The truth is that there is a deep 

dissatisfaction with the Italian state 

and with national politics, 

and here history can, I hope, 

help to provide some explanations. 

Even compared with when I first came to Italy, 

more than fifty years ago, the prosperity of the 

country is unrecognisable. So why so much 

dissatisfaction? It is common to blame Italy’s 

troubles and complaints on a weak sense of national 

identity. But I don’t think that this is really the case. 

What I would suggest comes nearer the truth is that 

there is a deep dissatisfaction with the Italian state 

and with national politics, and here history can, I 

hope, help to provide some explanations. 

In the nineteenth century the creation of the 

Kingdom of Italy—even 

if it still lacked the 

Veneto and Rome 

(acquired in 1866 and 

1870 respectively)—was 

often described as a 

“miracle.” And there 

was indeed something 

almost miraculous about 

the manner in which it came about. Garibaldi’s 

invasion of Sicily with his Thousand Redshirt 

volunteers had succeeded by an amazing combination 

of courage, skill and luck, and had triggered 

the collapse of the rule of the Bourbon kings first 

in Sicily and then in Naples. The meeting between 

Garibaldi and King Victor Emmanuel on October 

23, 1860 at Teano, a small town north of Naples, 

provides the most arresting image of Italian 

unification. In a magnificent gesture, Garibaldi 

handed over his conquests to the King. The 

unification of northern and central Italy under the 

3

monarchy of the House of Savoy during 

1859 was a triumph for the diplomatic and 

political skills of the prime minister Cavour, 

which was almost equally remarkable if less 

heroic. 

The problem with political miracles is 

that because they are improbable they are 

hard to live up to. Cavour as late as 1856 

talked of those who believed in Italian unity 

“and other such nonsense.” He did not 

believe in it as a practical possibility and 

was quite unprepared for the annexation of 

Naples. This point should not be misunderstood; 

if the circumstances of Italy’s unification 

in 1859-60 were improbable and even 

astonishing, in a longer time span Italian 

unification had a logic and a high degree of 

probability. 

What was the downside of the “miracle”? 

The Teano meeting shows how precarious 

the union of forces that brought about unity 

was. It involved the “miraculous” 

reconciliation of a popular, revolutionary 

guerrilla leader and a king of ancient 

lineage. Garibaldi, through his moderation, 

realism and the priority he put on independence, 

had prevented conflict, but he was a 

product of the republican and revolutionary 

wing of the Italian movement led by the 

great prophet of Italian nationalism, 

Giuseppe Mazzini. 

Mazzini and his most faithful followers 

contested the legitimacy of the Italian state, 

because it had not been founded on the will 

of the people. The plebiscites by which the 

peoples of the various Italian states had 

expressed their “consent” to union with 

Piedmont had been mere shams, as there 

was no alternative. There had been no 

constitutional agreement on the terms of the 

union and its basic laws, as, for example, 

4 

Giuseppe Mazzini 

there had been in the United States. 

A far more serious challenge to the 

legitimacy of the new state came from the 

Papacy. For Pope Pius IX, Italian unity was 

no miracle but a work of the Devil. 

Ironically in 1846-8 Pius IX had been the 

great hope of the national movement—the 

so-called “liberal Pope.” It was always a 

mistake to view Pius IX as a liberal, 

although he had shown sympathy for Italian 

independence. But not unreasonably, given 

his role as the head of a universal Church, he 

refused to lead a national crusade against 

Austria for the liberation of Lombardy and 

the Veneto. Later, the growing radicalisation 

of the patriotic movement led to his flight 

from Rome and the proclamation of the 

Roman Republic in 1849. When Pius IX 

was restored, by French troops, he went all 

the way. 

An illustration of the meeting between Garibaldi and King 

Victor Emmanuel on October 23, 1860 at Teano. 

There was to be no constitution, and no 

limits on Papal power, and he was 

determined never again to give any ground 

to nationalism or liberalism. The annexation 

of Rome in 1870 deepened the split. Both 

Pius and his successors insisted that there 

could be no reconciliation with the Italian 

state until the Holy See had been granted a 

territory, however small, over which it had 

sovereignty. Any other solution, they 

believed, would not guarantee the Papacy’s 

religious freedom. In fact, it can be argued 

that the Papacy’s divorce from secular 

political power has been essential for the 

remarkable recovery of its religious authority. 

During the last year, the polemics of 

traditionalist Catholics against unity have 

found a wide public, which overlaps to 

some extent with that of the Northern 

League. For them, Pius IX is the hero, and 

the Risorgimento was a “forgotten war of 

religion” against the Church, inspired by 

freemasons and Protestants. However, the 

highest Church authorities have made 

unusually clear and positive statements 

about the value of Italian political unity. 

For the Secretary of State, Cardinal 

Bagnasco, “National cohesion is a precious 

conquest that cannot be renounced…the 

relationship between secularists (laici) and 

Catholics should cast no shadow on the 

unity of Italy.” Implicitly criticizing the 

nature of the League’s federalism, 

Bagnasco called for “a federalism of true 

solidarity, formed by esteem, respect, 

sympathy, justice…towards everyone, and 

in particular towards those who are poor, 

weak, and undefended.” 

In his defence of national unity, 

Napolitano was careful to admit the 

legitimacy of the critique of the centralized 

model of the state bequeathed by the 

Risorgimento and to agree that its federalist 

reorganization, which started with the 

creation of the Regions in 1970, should be 

completed and made more coherent. In fact, 

there is a strong tradition of federalism that 

goes back to thinkers of the Risorgimento 

like the Milanese democratic intellectual, 

Carlo Cattaneo. In 1860 the Sicilian 

economist Francesco Ferrara warned 

Cavour about the dangers of disappointing 

the Sicilian desire for home rule: “fusion 

would turn Sicily into the Ireland of Italy, 

and hence, instead of making our nationality 

more compact and secure, would be a 

real and perennial source of weakness… 

ideas of rigid centralization are not native to 

Italy…and no other part of Italy is so 

distinctive as Sicily.” In fact, in 1866 a major 

revolt broke out in Palermo and a whole 

army corps had to be sent to suppress it. 

At the time of unification, Cavour and 

other northern Italian politicians knew very 

little about the South. Cavour had never 

visited Naples. Not surprisingly, they had 

very little idea about how to govern these 

unknown and often rebellious territories. 

“The great brigandage” in Naples during 

1861-5 was really a full-scale civil war, 

which at one time kept half the Italian army 

employed. Faced with a lack of consensus 

and of information, the new rulers were 

forced to turn to powerful local forces to 

ensure governability. These forces included 

the organized crime networks of the Sicilian 

mafia and the Neapolitan camorra. 

After 1866, there were no major revolts 

in the South against the Italian state, and in 

fact from the 1880s onwards the majority 

of Southern parliamentary deputies voted 

with the governments of the day. What 

happened was that the Southern political 

class entrenched its power as a class of 

The Johns Hopkins University - SAIS - Bologna Center

Italy 1858 Italy 1861 

mediators between the state and their 

constituents. They worked through a 

network of personal patron-client 

relationships; it was a moral duty for 

patrons to find jobs and procure favours for 

their friends and clients, and a moral duty 

for the latter to give them their votes in 

exchange. Unfortunately, the mafia and the 

camorra were able to use these political 

networks to secure immunity from prosecution. 

This way of doing politics has proved 

remarkably tenacious. So far from 

disappearing with the economic development 

of the South, organized crime 

flourished and expanded thanks to the 

profits from public works contracts. A lot 

of the money allotted by the Italian state 

and by Europe to modernizing roads, 

hospitals and other infrastructures has 

ended up in the wrong hands. This means 

that Southerners remain dissatisfied with 

their economic and civil inferiority, and 

labour under a sense of historic 

victimhood that has some justification, 

while Northerners resent paying taxes, as 

they see it, to support a class of corrupt 

politicians. 

Ironically, hostility between North and 

South seems to have grown sharper after a 

period in which their styles of life and 

social and family behaviour have become 

much more homogeneous, thanks to the 

mass media and common models of consumption. 

The crudely xenophobic rhetoric 

of the Northern League should not, however, 


obscure the realities of the North-South 

divide. Although there has been considerable 

progress in some regions of the South, the 

aim of creating a single economy and civil 

society that follow the same rules has not 

been achieved. 

In Sicily, thanks to the heroism of 

magistrates like Giovanni Falcone and 

Paolo Borsellino, police officers, and 

ordinary citizens, the mafia has been 

driven back and its leadership decapitated. 

But so long as the rich undergrowth of 

patronage and kickbacks survives more or 

less intact, the mafia’s influence will 

remain considerable. Unfortunately, the 

battle against the Sicilian Cosa Nostra for a 

long time has distracted the attention of law 

enforcers from other criminal organizations. 

The Calabrian ‘ndrangheta has grown from 

a loose association of rural godfathers into 

what is now probably the richest and most 

dangerous of all the Italian crime 

syndicates. In Naples and the whole of 

Campania the involvement of leading 

politicians with the camorra appears particularly 

serious, and poverty, extraordinarily 

high levels of youth unemployment, 

protection rackets and the discouragement 

of legitimate investment create a vicious 

circle from which it is hard to escape. 

This situation has been brilliantly 

described in Roberto Saviano’s hugely 

successful bestseller, Gomorra. Saviano’s 

success, which has continued with a 

successful prime-time TV program, and the 

recent results of the elections in Naples, 

when two-thirds of the electorate voted for 

a charismatic magistrate and rejected the 

candidates of the older parties, show that 

there is still hope for change, which, if it is 

to be effective, must come from below, 

from the South itself. 

Italy has other serious problems (like 

most European states), particularly those of 

a top-heavy and inefficient bureaucracy, 

and a dysfunctional legal system, but the 

North-South divide remains the most urgent 

and dramatic. 

ADRIAN LYTTELTON� 

is senior adjunct professor of European 

Studies at the SAIS Bologna Center and was 

professor of History (1979-1990). He was 

professor of European History at the 

University of Pisa (1990-2000) and former 

fellow at All Souls College and St. Antony’s 

College, Oxford University. 

5

150 years 

of the Italian Economy 

by Vera Negri Zamagni 

Italy was a mere geographical expression 

until 1861—it had never existed before this 

date as a nation. While it is true that the 

Italian economy is only 150 years old, the 

legacy of centuries of history is extremely 

complex. The imprint of the Roman Empire is 

evident in Italy—in its cities, infrastructure 

(roads, aqueducts, bridges, temples, theaters, 

thermal baths) and in the development of law. 

After the “barbarian” invasions of the Western 

Roman Empire, a new civilization flourished in the newly born 

Italian city states based on liberties: political (municipalities), 

cultural (universities), and economic (chambers of merchants and 

guilds). The city states also generated advanced economic institutions 

such as banks, insurance, public debt, double-entry bookkeeping 

systems, and commenda—the early form of joint-stock company. 

The ensuing economic success of the Italian city states of the 

Renaissance endowed Italy with its abundance of grand palaces and 

churches. Such leadership however could not be maintained beyond 

the sixteenth century and a slow decline set in. The beginning of the 

new kingdom in 1861 was therefore an opportunity for a 

Risorgimento not only in politics, but also in the economic arena. 

The new state started off on the right foot, putting in place brand 

new legislation in the financial, fiscal, commercial and educational 

fields, aligning it with the most advanced European states of the 

time. However, business was slow to pick up for a number of reasons: 

coal reserves were non-existent and only a small amount of 

iron ore could be mined. Ports and railroads had to be built, and in 

terms of textiles, only silk was well established (making up half of 

Italian exports at unification). In cotton production, Italy was 

outdone by Great Britain. 

Ancient coins from various Italian city states 

of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. 

Detail of new commercial development 

by Italian architect Massimiliano Fuksas, Milan. 

Better organized banking, the introduction 

of some protectionism, but, above all, the discovery 

of hydroelectricity (known as “white 

coal” in Italy) spurred the industrial take-off of 

the Italian economy between the end of the 

nineteenth century and World War I. Italy was 

dynamic in most industrial sectors, with particular 

success in engineering and electricity 

(hydro). At this point, however, one of the 

impasses of the Italian economy emerged— 

one that has proven resistant to any solution to date. 

The economies of the so-called industrial triangle (Milan-Turin- 

Genoa) took off, with the remaining part of the North and Center of 

the country following at some distance, while the South began to 

lag behind, demonstrating a distinct incapability to react positively 

to new economic opportunities. The causes of this differential 

performance along geographic lines are still hotly debated today 

and there is still no consensus on reasons why. What might be 

mentioned here is that already the liberal governments of the time 

realized the need for state intervention and put in place measures to 

encourage economic activity in the South, measures which were 

unfortunately discontinued as a result of the Great War. 

World War I broke out in the early days of the development of 

the Italian economy and completely dislocated it. As a result a 

serious post-war economic crisis added instability and compounded 

Italy’s political difficulties, leading to the fascist dictatorial regime 

of Benito Mussolini. It is by now an established notion of historiography 

that fascism did not disrupt Italian industrialization, but more 

accurately, it paid no attention whatsoever to the South (exacerbating 

the North-South gap). Italy faced the 1929 crisis with an acrossthe-board 

nationalization of banks and industrial corporations, 

which left a lasting mark on the Italian economy. Since the creation 

of the state-owned industrial holding IRI (Istituto per la 

Ricostruzione Industriale) in 1933, big industry in Italy, with the 

exception of a few companies like Fiat, remained under the control 

of the state until the end of the twentieth century—and in a few 

cases beyond! 

6 The Johns Hopkins University - SAIS - Bologna Center

The disastrous conclusion of World War II was not followed 

by the same negative political implications experienced after 

World War I due to the foresight of the United States government 

that launched the Marshall Plan. Italy was a substantial beneficiary 

of the Plan, through which industry was re-launched and a 

true “economic miracle” was achieved. In the 1950s and 60s 

Italy’s economic growth rates were among the highest in the 

world. When the oil crises of the 1970s broke out, the ensuing 

slowdown of the economy was not well understood by the ruling 

political parties. 

Attempting to restore previous growth rates, governments in 

the 1980s carried on a reckless fiscal policy (with extremely high 

budget deficits). At the same time governments sought to remain 

part of the European process of integration, which returned to a 

common orthodox monetary policy with the creation of the EMS 

(the European Monetary System) in 1979. The result of this incoherent 

approach was that a mountain of public debt accumulated 

in the span of a few years, which would prove to be one of the 

major stumbling blocks of the Italian economy in subsequent 

years. Fortunately, a season of success for Italian small and medium 

sized firms kept the Italian economy afloat, creating substantial 

exports up until the 1990s. 

By the end of the twentieth century, the results of the industrialization 

process were substantial: Italy had become a fully 

industrialized country, belonging to a small league of the most 

advanced nations of the world, though with some notable characteristics—a 

predominance of small size of businesses, a deep 

North-South gap, and a high public debt—all of which were 

viewed with suspicion according to global public opinion. 

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, globalization 

challenged the Italian economic structure further. State-owned 

enterprises (including banks) were privatized, many Italian small 

businesses suffered in the race for internationalization, a number 

of reforms of the public administration were delayed, and governments 

lost the drive to face structural change. This explains why 

over the past decade, Italy has stagnated, losing ground in the 

international economic (and political) arena. 

Is the country on the road toward decline once again? This 

fate does not seem inevitable. First, the amount of industrial production 

Italian corporations can supply is second in Europe only 

to German industrial might (and larger than British or French 

production). Second, Italian banks have been more resilient to the 


Italian governments have thoroughly 

neglected the fact that a country’s 

competitiveness derives from 

the efficiency of its entire 

systemic structure, not only from 

its manufacturing sector. 

global economic crisis than most other banks—no bubbles were 

produced in the real estate market. Third, Italian entrepreneurship 

boasts world class excellence in niche products. Nevertheless, 

Italian governments have thoroughly neglected the fact that a 

country’s competitiveness derives from the efficiency of its entire 

systemic structure, not only from its manufacturing sector. 

Italy is now at a crossroads. What is badly needed is a government 

that has the courage to launch new infrastructure projects, 

make critical changes in public administration, revitalize 

innovation, and improve the labor market. If Italians succeed in 

securing such a government, the economy will soon be revived; 

otherwise, it will be impossible to stop the downslide. The major 

economic declines of the past should be a lesson to people living 

in this country to take the challenge seriously and reverse the 

trend before the gap between Italy and the advanced world 

becomes too great. 

Above: Examples of productivity and development in Italy that characterized the post-war 

“economic miracle” of the 1950s. 

Below: New high-rise constructions in the city of Milan. 

VERA NEGRI ZAMAGNI is senior 

adjunct professor of International 

Economics at the SAIS Bologna 

Center and chair and professor of 

Economic History at the University 

of Bologna. She is trustee of the 

Bologna branch of the Bank of Italy. 

7

Italy: Good Politics 

DOES NOT LIVE HERE 

by Gianfranco Pasquino 

Since 1994 the Italian political system 

has been undergoing a political and 

institutional transition. Practically all 

the old political actors, especially the parties, 

have either disappeared or profoundly 

transformed themselves and, most important, 

a new actor, claiming not to be “political,” 

has appeared: the media tycoon Silvio 

Berlusconi. 

Two major electoral reforms have also 

affected the functioning of the Italian parliamentary 

Republic. Moreover, generally 

speaking, “the rules of the game,” above all 

the relationships between, on the one side, 

the government and parliament, and, on the 

other side, the judiciary, have become the 

object of tense and frequent controversies. 

Last but not least, the presidents of the 

Republic, most notably Giorgio Napolitano 

(2006-2013), have been increasingly 

obliged to shift from a sheer ceremonial role 

to become guardians of the Constitution 

against several attempts to manipulate its 

articles in a blatantly partisan way. 

The fact that Berlusconi’s coalitions 

have won three elections out of five: 1994, 

2001, and 2008 clearly indicates two important 

elements. First, not only is Berlusconi 

excellent at campaigning, but he also provides 

more than satisfactory representation 

for many political and social preferences of 

large sections of the Italian electorate. He 

interprets, far more successfully than the 

In the long run, it remains 

to be seen whether 

the feelings, beliefs, and 

interests nourished by 

a large sector of the Italian 

people and that are part 

and parcel of berlusconismo, 

will continue to affect, 

if not to determine, 

the course of Italian politics. 

center-left, the feelings, expectations, and 

even the hostility of a large part of Italians. 

To be more precise, Berlusconi is, at the 

same time, the product of Italian politics and 

society, part of the autobiography of the 

nation, and has been capable of shaping and 

writing a significant part of that story. 

The second element is that, even though 

Berlusconi controls a large portion of television 

broadcasting, Italian politics remains 

highly competitive. The center-left has only 

itself, its fragmentation, and the litigiousness 

of its leaders to blame if it has so far 

been unable to provide a satisfactory and 

long-lasting alternative to Berlusconi’s 

socio-cultural influence and political power. 

Apparently, the situation is in the process of 

changing as the election of the mayors of 

Milan and Naples, both broadly grounded in 

the center-left, clearly suggests. 

Comparing Italy with all the other 

European democracies, a legitimate and 

appropriate procedure to learn and to understand 

more, one finds several striking differences. 

Italy is the only country where there 

is neither a Liberal party nor a Social- 

Democratic party. Only in Italy has the 

incumbent head of the government not had a 

previous political career and not occupied 

any elected office before becoming prime 

minister. In other European countries, rather 

small, xenophobic parties have tended to 

appear, but rarely attain governing positions. 

In Italy, the Northern League has frequently 

been in office supporting 

Berlusconi. Some would add that it has 

proved capable of steering the course of the 

government especially on the issues of 

immigration, fiscal policies, and devolution. 

Finally, both Umberto Bossi, the lifetime 

leader of the Northern League, and 

Berlusconi are “populist” leaders adroitly 

exploiting the anti-political feelings widespread 

in the Italian electorate. 

Not only do populist leaders believe that 

their power derives from the electorate, but 

they also claim that the sovereignty of the 

people lies and finds expression (almost) 

exclusively in the government “elected” by 


Left to right: Giorgio Napolitano, Kenneth H. Keller, 

Gianfranco Pasquino, John L.Harper 

people. Indeed, Berlusconi in particular, has 

shown his intolerance for all kinds of checks and 

balances, above all those constituted by the judiciary 

and by the President of the Republic. This 

is, indeed, a very poor conception of the complexity 

of contemporary constitutional democracies. 

Prime Minister Berlusconi has waged an 

endless, often embarrassing, always partisan, war 

against the judiciary, trying to approve an overall 

reform to trim its powers. He has also successfully 

obtained from his parliamentary majority several 

laws to escape his trials, for instance, extending 

the statute of limitations. 

At the time of my writing, Berlusconi is a 

defendant in five trials accused of corruption, of 

having had sex with a minor, and of evading 

taxes. He has often bragged about his flamboyant 

style of life, including his famous allegedly “elegant” 

dinners with several young, available 

females he refers to as “escorts.” Why, then, do 

Italians still vote for him? In fact, a pattern has 

emerged in which only a sizable minority (always 

less than 50 percent) of Italians vote for him and 

his political party. He, his party, his coalitions 

have never received the support of an absolute 

majority of Italian voters. His parliamentary 

majority is the product of the electoral law, drafted 

by his government, that provides a substantial 

majority bonus. As long as it remains divided the 

opposition does not offer an attractive alternative 

to those critical citizens who might change their 

vote and become decisive. Berlusconi’s main 

propaganda line that he has saved Italy from the 

former and post Communists still resonates in the 

minds of very many voters, also because it contains 

more than a grain of truth. 

A government led by someone who has never 

wanted to learn the art of politics and who must 

spend most of his time defending himself from 

his trials and attacking not only the opposition, 

but also all the checks and balances—including 

the Presidency of the Republic—cannot produce 

any improvement in the lives of and prospects for 

Italians. An opposition unable to formulate a 

decent and common strategy in order not only to 

oust Berlusconi, by all means a legitimate goal, 

but also to offer credible policy alternatives to the 


voters preoccupied by the disunity and the bickering 

of the two past short-lived experiments led 

by Romano Prodi (1996-1998; 2006-2008), can 

only bet on its lucky star. 

A series of Eurobarometer surveys taken 

every six months with interviews, reveals that a 

majority of Italians express dissatisfaction with 

the functioning of Italian democracy at the same 

time as they interestingly suggest some personal 

optimism concerning their quality of life expectations. 

They also judge the functioning of democracy 

in the European Union more favorably than 

the functioning of their domestic democracy. 

However, the euro-indifference of the centerright 

government coupled with the frequent criticisms 

of the institutions and the decisions taken 

by the European Union have negatively affected 

the support that Italians have traditionally 

demonstrated for the political unification of the 

European continent. 

In the short run, the question is whether the 

prime minister will be found guilty in one or more 

of his trials. However, he has already emphatically 

declared that he has no intention of resigning 

because “the judges cannot subvert the will of the 

people as expressed in the elections.” 

Berlusconi’s ageing process (he will be 75 in 

September 2011) may be a factor in the future of 

Italian politics, but he is most certainly looking to 

the possibility of being elected to the presidency 

of the Italian Republic in 2013. However, because 

of some turmoil within his party, the PdL, due to 

the serious defeat in the May 2011 administrative 

elections, his goal may be frustrated. 

The phase of bitter confrontations among 

leaders and institutions is definitely not over. In 

the long run, it remains to be seen whether the 

feelings, beliefs, and interests nourished by a 

large sector of the Italian people and that are part 

and parcel of berlusconismo, will continue to 

affect, if not to determine, the course of Italian 

politics. A significant transformation of those 

attitudes and the appearance of a more widespread 

sense of the state and of civic values cannot 

be said to loom large on the future of Italy. 

They will require time and prolonged cultural and 

political commitments. 

Scenes from the Italian Parliament 

GIANFRANCO PASQUINO 

(BC66/DC67, Italy) is senior adjunct professor of 

European Studies at the SAIS Bologna Center and 

professor of Political Science at the University of 

Bologna. He was Senator in the Italian parliament for 

the Independent Left (1983-1992) and for the 

Progressives (1994-1996). Among his publications 

this year are La rivoluzione promessa. Lettura della 

Costituzione italiana (2011) and, with Marco Valbruzzi, 

Il potere dell’alternanza (2011). 

9

Italy@150 

A Country in Search 

of a New Foreign Policy Paradigm 

by Federiga Bindi 

Italian foreign policy is the result of 

many different variables. Its unique 

geographical location—in the middle 

of the Mediterranean Sea and, during the 

Cold War, right between East and West— 

gave Italy a privileged geopolitical role. It 

also has a contradictory history: the glorious 

Roman times with their civilization 

mission vs. a short history as a unified 

state and a heavy fascist legacy. Italy’s 

cultural richness is coupled with energy 

dependence. As in other spheres, Italian 

foreign policy is thus characterized by 

striking contradictions. 

One of the last European nations to be 

formed in the nineteenth century, Italy’s 

first concern was to complete and secure 

its very existence and borders. In order to 

achieve this, a number of tactical decisions 

were made, the first of which was the participation 

of the Kingdom of Piedmont in 

the War of Crimea in 1855. The payback 

was France’s support against the Austrian 

Empire in the II Independence War (1859), 

which led to Italian Unification. Since 

then, Italy joined alliances in order to complete 

its “natural” borders (mostly 

obtained as a result of WWI), or to please 

the best friend of the day (that was the case 

of WWII, though it ultimately concluded 

in a disaster and in an alliance shift). 

During fascism, Italy’s brief colonial 

adventure left its marks, as the Libyan 

crises recently demonstrated. 

From the end of WWII to the fall of the 

Berlin Wall, Italy found itself in a convenient 

geopolitical position that meant continued 

interest and support from the U.S., in the 

framework of good relationships with the 

other side (the USSR) in order to appease 

the 30 percent strong Italian communist 

party. During that period, the Italian 


Republic’s foreign policy was mainly 

focused on European integration, transatlantic 

relations, relations with the USSR, the 

Mediterranean and a more sensitive relationship 

with the Balkans—then former 

Yugoslavia and Albania. It was a “blocked” 

foreign policy—meaning it had limited 

room for maneuvering—coupled with a difficult 

notion of the idea of “national interest.” 

One of the legacies of fascism was in 

fact the transformation of the idea of 

“national interest” into a taboo. National 

interest was thus replaced with the idea of 

“European” interest. 

This essentially “blocked” foreign policy 

framework suited Italy well, a middle 

size country that found itself in the position 

to play the role of a “big” Western state, a 

status endorsed with the participation in the 

G7 and later the G8. With a relatively low 

level of effort and means, Italy thus enjoyed 

a prominent position in world affairs. This, 

however, was soon to end with 1989. 

As the Berlin Wall collapsed, so did the 

Italian domestic political system—based on 

the dichotomy between East (the 

Communist party) and West (the Christian 

Democrat party and its allies). No longer a 

geostrategic partner for the U.S., nor the 

USSR, Italy found itself deprived of its role, 

attention and means. But it took a long time 

for the country to realize this. 

In contrast with Germany—which was 

living in a similar blocked situation—the 

locally-focused Italian leadership never 

really considered how its “false privileged” 

position could easily be lost. It considered 

the status quo as immutable and Italy’s role 

as a “big” country a result of its “own merit” 

rather than the result of peculiar historical 

and geopolitical variables. The breakdown 

of the old party system and the surge of a 

new one did not help either as it also managed 

to wipe away the few who had experience 

in and interest in foreign policy. 

While Germany’s leaders had always 

operated knowing that “one day” reunification 

would come and were therefore ready 

for a new, more assertive, German role in 

the world, the Italian leadership found itself 

unprepared and unable to elaborate a new 

paradigm for the country’s foreign policy. If 

the symbol of a new Germany foreign policy 

is the fight for a permanents seat on the 

UN Security Council (UNSC), the symbol 

of post-cold war Italy is the fight against a 

German seat on the UNSC, an issue of continuous 

jokes in the international community 

but that in the Italian diplomatic narrative 

is presented as a major “victory” for the 

country. 


It took twenty years for the Farnesina 

(the Foreign Ministry) to finally begin a 

reflection on the future of Italian foreign 

policy. A paper referred to as “Italia 2020” 

was the result of work by a number of 

Italian stakeholders. In it, European integration 

plays a central role, together with 

Atlantic integration, the Balkans, the 

Mediterranean area and the Middle East, as 

well as the energy question. 1 The paper also 

state the centrality of national interests in 

the determination of Italian priorities in foreign 

policy. Indeed, the discovery of the 

importance of national interests is probably 

the most notable change in the national foreign 

paradigm of the last two decades. 

In order to be able 

to properly defend national 

interests, there is first 

a need to redefine Italy’s new 

role in the world. 

The idea of preserving and promoting 

the national interest as a guiding principle 

in drafting Italian foreign policy, and namely 

European policy, was initially and aggressively 

introduced into the public debate by 

the first Berlusconi government, beginning 

with his first programmatic speech in 

Parliament. 2 Very badly received by the 

press and by the public at large, this founding 

principle of foreign policy was however 

slowly picked up by Massimo D’Alema 

when he became prime minister (1998- 

2000). Today, a shared consensus exists that 

national interests should be at the center of 

both Italy’s European and foreign policies. 

Yet, recognizing that national interests 

matter, and that therefore there is a need to 

properly define and defend them, does not 

mean being able to properly do so. In order 

to be able to properly defend national interests, 

there is first a need to redefine Italy’s 

new role in the world. Foreign Minister 

Franco Frattini is continuing in the redefinition 

path initiated by his predecessor 

Massimo D’Alema (foreign minister in 

2006), though with different means, priorities 

and sensibilities. For instance, his first 

priority was the re-establishment of a positive 

relationship with the U.S., somewhat 

spoiled in previous years. He achieved his 

goal, but a lot remains to be done—especially 

in terms of long term credibility. But, most 

of all, one minister alone cannot implement 

a paradigmatic change of the foreign policy 

of a country. The state needs to be part of it. 

And this is the main problem. 

The Italian political class is local-minded 

and parochial, with little attention given 

to what happens abroad. When Massimo 

D’Alema was candidate to become the EU 

Foreign Policy High Representative, his 

party leader Pierluigi Bersani did not bother 

to attend the European Socialist family 

meeting that was to endorse the socialist 

candidate. An unprepared bureaucracy is 

resisting change and innovation. Though 

diplomats are the top layer of the Italian 

public bureaucracy, their resistance to 

change is second to none, as is their lack of 

accepting a reduced Italian role. Italy’s 

strenuous defense of the G8—when it was 

clear to everybody else that the trend was to 

enlarge—is a perfect example of such resistance 

to change. 

In sum: Italy is a middle size country, 

but many still fail to accept it. When they 

do, it will be possible for a new paradigm in 

foreign policy to be elaborated and endorsed 

by the political system. Though Italy will 

probably not be able to change the destiny 

of the world, it will still be able to contribute 

improving it. 

1 - Rapporto 2020: Le scelte di politica 

estera, Ministero degli Affari Esteri, 2008, 

p. 15 

2 - Il Sole 24 Ore, May 17, 1994. 

FEDERIGA BINDI 

is a senior fellow at the Center for 

Transatlantic Relations at Johns Hopkins 

University SAIS and a Jean Monnet Chair at 

the University of Rome Tor Vergata. Bindi’s 

new book Italy and the European Union was 

published by the Brookings Institute in 

January and is available at amazon.com. 

11

REFLECTIONS ON 

Thirty Years 

at the BC 

by John L. Harper 

Anybody who knows me will tell you 

that the main reason I’ve stayed in 

Bologna so long is the local wine 

called Pignoletto. But there are a few others 

I’ll try to adduce. Actually, my association 

with the Center began when I arrived for the 

corso intensivo with Lidia Licari in August 

1975. I knew of SAIS through my Haverford 

professor, Patrick McCarthy and his wife 

Veronica Pye. They knew about it because 

Patrick played rugby with Roger Leeds, the 

admissions director at SAIS. Around the 

same time I had gotten the Italian “bug” 

through an Italian-American friend. 

The Center in 1975 had 110 students and 

an administrative staff of seven or eight. The 

director was a brash and very competent 

35-year-old named Simon Serfaty who had 

kept the Center going after talk of closing it 

when Grove Haines retired in 1972. There 

was also a business manager, book-keeper, 

registrar, an administrative assistant who 

doubled as a career counselor, a receptionist—Shiela—and 

a custodian—Angelo 

Buldini (father of Marco). You could add 

Simon’s French cook, although I think he 

paid her out of his pocket. Last but not least 

was Ivo Rossetti—bar keeper extrordinaire 

and reliable political bellwether. In those 

days he was a Radical; subsequently a 

Craxiano, Leghista, and (inevitably) a 

passionate but now disenchanted adherent 

of the Berlusconi cult. If I had to name one 

irreplaceable BC employee over the years, 

Ivo would be the one. 

Tuition at the start of the 1970s was 

$1,250, the equivalent of 7,200 today. By 

‘80-‘81, it had doubled (in 2011 dollars) to 

about 13,500. This is understandable given 

the great inflation of the 1970s. Less understandable 

and justifiable is what happened in 

the 1980s: tuition practically doubled again 

to 24,000 by 1990-91. In 2000-01 it was 

$28,500, a modest increase. In 2010-11 it 

was 29,000 euros—or about $40,000. The 

student body is now about 190 and there’s an 

administrative staff of about twenty-two. 

This reflects trends in the United States 

where tuition increases are sustained by 

guaranteed student loans and the existence 

of a secondary market which has been compared 

to the subprime mortgage market 

before the recent crash. 1 I’m led to wonder 

whether we aren’t in a kind of vicious circle: 

higher tuition leading to more demanding 

students leading to more support staff leading 

to higher tuition, and I confess a certain 

nostalgia for the more Spartan BC of thirty 

to thirty-five years ago. 

The faculty in 1975 was a mix of the 

first and second generations: The first 

included Haines, Duroselle, Grosser, 

Mancini, Hinshaw, La Pergola, as well as 

my fellow speaker today, Pierre Hassner, 

probably the most brilliant classroom 

teacher I ever had. The last active link to 

that generation is Paolo Calzini, who began 

around the same time as Pierre. The second 

generation includes some of Pierre’s early 

students, Anna Maria Gentili and Gianfranco 

Pasquino, as well as Krippendorf, Aker, De 

Cecco, Skidelsky, and Serfaty himself who 

was an excellent teacher and encouraged 

my interest in U.S. foreign policy. I’d also 

include Stefano and Vera Zamagni, my 

Haverford teacher Patrick, and Adrian 

Lyttelton who arrived in the mid-to-late 

70s. The third generation are people like 

David Ellwood and myself who studied 

with generations one and two. The fourth are 

present faculty taught by generations 1-3: 

Tom Row, Michael Plummer, Erik Jones 

and Mahrukh Doctor. This continuity in the 

inner faculty has been one of the secrets of 

the Center’s success. Not that former 

students necessarily make better teachers, 

but they are dedicated to the Center and 

have a feel for the needs of students that 

others don’t always have. 

When I first arrived Italy was in the middle 

of its dramatic 1970s crisis. In Piazza 

Maggiore, there were knots of men passionately 

discussing politics at all hours, and formations 

of Lotta Continua students—the 

extraparliamentary left group—marching 

with raised fists in the streets. One striking 

change in Bologna is that politics has 

migrated from the piazzas to television and 

the internet. Some of those LC militants are 


managers and professionals who support 

Berlusconi. But that doesn’t mean the old 

divisions have entirely disappeared. One of 

the secrets of Berlusconi’s amazing success 

is that he harps nearly every day on the communist 

threat even if the PCI (the old communist 

party) itself hasn’t existed since 1989. 

Personally, I had a soft spot for the communists 

because they seemed sympathetic as 

well as earnest. The PCI had inspiring leaders 

like Berlinguer, Ingrao and Amendola— 

whom I remember addressing an enormous 

crowd before the June 1976 elections. 

According to my wife, my feeling for the 

PCI had to do with the fact that I missed the 

famous 1977 student uprising against the 

“cashmere communist” establishment—I 

was back in Washington. In any case, those 

of us who sympathized with the PCI take satisfaction 

from fact that the most respected 

political figure in Italy today, President of the 

Republic Giorgio Napolitano, was an important 

Communist leader (and someone who 

has visited the Center many times). 

My career in Bologna began by chance 

when they fired a junior person and told me 

that if I finished my dissertation at SAIS on 

the U.S. and the postwar reconstruction of 

Italy, there was a job starting in the second 

semester of 1981. And thus—as many have 

heard me say—Ronald Reagan came in one 

end of Washington and I went out the other. 

Indeed, the first stretch limos were rolling 

into town when I boarded a plane in January 

1981. I had an 18-month contract and no 

intention of staying more than a few years. 

After three, I arranged a stint at SAIS 

Washington. One of the crucial decisions in 

my life came at that point. There was no job 

at SAIS DC but people advised me to look 

elsewhere. Some warned that no one had 

ever managed to do anything serious in the 

“swamp” (another way of saying the 

Bologna faculty lived in the osterie—more 

or less true in those days.) But for several 

reasons, including that my wife and I 

missed Italy, I came back in the fall of 1985. 

The rest—and I don’t mean to be glib— 

is history. Returning, I became a historian, 

not a typical SAIS commodity and something 

that might not have happened if I had 

stayed. But I had seen that, though most 

academics in Washington were trying to 

have an influence on policy, 99.9 percent 

had none whatsoever. And after suffering 

from an “op-ed syndrome,” I realized trying 

to publish 700-word articles in newspapers 

wasn’t my calling. In short, the Center gave 

me a place to do what I really wanted to do: 

history. The claim that no one on the resident 

faculty wrote anything I took as a chal- 


lenge. Gradually, I also began to see myself 

as a link to the scholarly enterprise that had 

typified SAIS in the 60s and 70s, one with 

a detached, critical perspective on 

America’s world role. The notion of keeping 

alive an older SAIS in Bologna became 

sharper as SAIS DC veered to the right in 

the 1990s. When asked the difference 

between “them and us” I sometimes say 

(not altogether facetiously) that they (with 

prominent exceptions) are imperialists and 

we are not. 

The students are surely another reason 

I’ve stuck around. Not too many write plain 

English; most suffer from AIDD, 2 and few 

are interested in what I was at their age— 

The Center is a bit like 

the legendary Shepheard’s 

Hotel in Cairo. 

Someone said that if you sat 

in the lobby long enough 

you’d see all the famous 

people of the age... 

starting with Italy. But they’re still a stimulating 

group and the Americans among 

them are a link to my own country. I teach 

them something about writing history but 

learn what it’s like to be on the Obama campaign 

or conduct counterinsurgency operations 

in Iraq. 

A final reason for staying I’ll mention is 

that the Center is a bit like the legendary 

Shepheard’s Hotel in Cairo. Someone said 

that if you sat in the lobby long enough 

you’d see all the famous people of the age: 

T. E. Lawrence, Greta Garbo, Winston 

Churchill and so on. In the last thirty years, 

countless prime ministers, foreign ministers, 

presidents, senators, Nobel Prize winners, 

characters who’ve appeared in my 

books like Egidio Ortona, George Ball, Paul 

Nitze, Richard Holbrooke, and one 

uncrowned king of Italy, Gianni Agnelli, 

have passed through. For excitement, 

Agnelli’s visit in December 1990 to hand 

over a major donation must take the prize. 

The first student question after his remarks, 

from Katie Seekings, was why had FIAT 

sold missile technology to the racist South 

African regime (or maybe it was to the 

Argentine junta)? Once we’d absorbed the 

shock, we were proud of her. 

Wondering how to conclude, something 

told me to say a word about my fellow 

Pennsylvanian, Italophile, and historian, C. 

Grove Haines (1907-1976). Reading his 

obituary in the American Historical Review, 

two passages struck me. 3 The first I cite in 

honor of Haines and worthy successors 

including Serfaty, Wil Kohl, Steve Low, 

Bob Evans, and Ken Keller: 

Directing an institution such as the 

Bologna Center demanded infinite 

tact and patience, and Grove Haines 

had more than his share of both. 

Confronted frequently by students 

making impossible demands and by 

prima-donna professors who constantly 

complained of one alleged 

deficiency or other... Haines always 

displayed a remarkable ability to 

preserve the social and intellectual 

peace. 

The second sums up why some of us have 

tarried here so long: 

Those who were associated with the 

Bologna Center—from library stack 

attendants to members of the permanent 

and visiting faculty—were all 

part of an intimate academic community 

such as one rarely finds today. 

Reflections on Thirty Years at the BC is an 

abridged version of a talk for the alumni 

given on April 30, 2011. 

1 http://nplusonemag.com/bad-education 

2 Adult internet dependency disorder. 

3 By Prof. Howard H. Quint of the 

University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 

who taught at the Center. 

JOHN L. HARPER 

(BC76/DC77/Ph.D.81, U.S.) 

is professor of American Foreign Policy at 

the SAIS Bologna Center. His new book, 

The Cold War, was published this year by 

Oxford University Press and is available at 

amazon.com. 

13

Student Profile 

Lu Zhang 

by Deane Hinton 

Lu Zhang (BC11, China), or Sherri as 

she is sometimes called, has already 

made a name for herself at the 

Bologna Center. As one of a growing 

number of students hailing from China, she 

embodies the work ethic, adventurous 

spirit and intellectual curiosity that SAIS is 

known for. I sat down with her during the 

spring semester, to learn more about the 

things that motivate and inspire her. 

“I grew up in Shaoxing, a small 

historical city in China, which is sometimes 

called the ‘Venice of the East’ due to the 

canals that run through the city. It is a very 

beautiful place and I enjoyed it, though I 

longed to travel around the world.” 

Due to her high marks in junior high 

school Lu was invited to attend the Foreign 

Languages School (HFLS), a prestigious 

boarding school in Hangzhou, 

“Owing to its beauty, Hangzhou, like 

Shaoxing, has a nickname. It is known as 

‘heaven on earth’ and I loved studying 

there. It was at HFLS that I first decided 

that I wanted to study international relations 

One of the things 

that has surprised me 

the most is just how open 

to new ideas and cultures 

people at SAIS have been. 

and Russian. While I was there a history 

teacher—who taught my favorite class— 

said that in the future Russia and India 

would become very important players in 

Asia. I realized that I probably couldn’t 

study both languages, so when I began university 

I decided that I would focus on 

learning Russian.” 

The top five percent of Lu’s high 

school’s graduates are granted automatic 

admission to Peking University, the top university 

in China. Lu was one of them. At 

Peking University, Lu became an active 

member of the Model United Nations 

(MUN) club, founding an alumni network 

so that former, current and future members 

of the club can keep in touch. She also 

chaired the Security Council of the National 

MUN Conference hosted by the club. 

“Peking University was terrific, though 

it was a lot of work. I spent most of my time 

studying and what little time I had left over 

was devoted to model UN. That is not to say 

that I didn’t spend time with friends, but 

there just wasn’t that much free time. I 

loved model UN, both organizing national 

conferences and going overseas to attend 

foreign conferences. We usually did pretty 

well too!” 

While at Peking, Lu continued to study 

the Russian language and the Sino-Russian 

relationship, culminating her academic 

experience with a thesis titled Cooperation 

and Competition: Sino-Russian Energy 

Relations in Central Asia. 

“I believe Russia and China need to 

work together as we head to the future. 

Working together the two countries can 

achieve mutual benefits. There is already a 

lot of trade between the two countries, but 

there is also a lot of hostility due in part to 


their large shared border and mutual distrust 

over each other’s intentions. Nevertheless, I 

think that these obstacles can (and must) be 

overcome.” 

During her studies at Peking University, 

Lu also gained some work experience by 

interning at the Import-Export Bank of 

China, where she helped clients with projects 

in Russia and Central Asia, and also with the 

Climate Group, where she researched the 

ongoing national demonstration project on 

electric vehicles (EV). 

“I became really interested in environmental 

and energy policies, while working 

for the Climate Group, so much so that it 

led to my decision to specialize in Energy, 

Resources and Environment (ERE) here at 

SAIS. I am also interested in working for a 

company or think tank that focuses on energy 

policies. I find the subject extremely 

compelling—it is dynamic with policies 

that change so fast there is never a dull 

moment.” 

At SAIS Bologna, Lu has demonstrated 

her interest in the field by being an active 

member of the ERE club, which hosted 

weekly presentations on issues relating to 

the field. She has also continued to study 

Russian, knowing that she needs to practice 

in order not to lose her skills. She has wisely 

taken advantage of studying here in 

Europe to travel to some of the places that 

she had always wanted to see as a young 

girl growing up in China. 

“One of the things that I have really 

enjoyed about being at SAIS Bologna has 

been the ability to travel and see the world. 

Aside from a high school exchange program 

to UK, a summer studying at Yale, and a trip 

to Harvard for a model UN conference, I 

was unable to travel much in the past. I 

chose to come to the Bologna Center, in 

part, so I could travel and experience Europe 

and I have done just that! I have traveled all 

around Italy, Barcelona, Madrid, Paris, 

Vienna, Budapest and Bratislava.” 

“I traveled alone or with fellow classmates, 

for an Italian Art History class field 

trip, and even took my mom traveling with 

me during spring break. I had many memorable 

experiences on my journeys. I 

observed various life styles in different 

areas, and learned about the fascinating and 

unique characteristics of people with different 

cultural backgrounds. My roommate 

used to joke: ‘Where do you find Lu outside 

class? Either in the library or on a trip.’ I 

had a blast going to the IAEA Vienna Ball 


with everyone…I think that has been one of 

my favorite memories here at SAIS.” 

Traveling, however, is just one way that 

Lu learns about the world and is taking 

advantage of her SAIS education. 

“One of the things that has surprised me 

the most is just how open to new ideas and 

cultures people at SAIS have been. I don’t 

know what I was expecting, and I don’t 

know if it is just SAIS, but American students 

in particular have been more openminded 

and respectful towards other cultures 

than I expected. I am more excited 

It is always exciting when 

I am able to apply economic 

principles and theories 

to real-life situations. Another 

distinctive aspect about 

learning economics 

at SAIS is that it interacts 

with my other courses 

in energy and in 

international relations. 

All of these synergies 

help me foster integrated, 

interdisciplinary thinking 

in my academic study. 

Lu Zhang in graduation gown, standing by Weiming Lake 

and Boya Tower (two PKU landmarks), July 2010. 

than ever to go to Washington now and see 

how things are over there. Our cultures are 

so different, but I think that we can learn 

from each other. Chinese people need to 

relax and enjoy life a little more, while 

Westerners might learn to study a little bit 

harder!” says Lu with a smile. 

The decision to come to SAIS was an 

easy one for Lu, who wanted to expand her 

knowledge of the world, meet new people, 

and become stronger in areas that she has 

neglected in the past. 

SAIS opened a door for Lu to the world 

of economics. It has nurtured her interest in 

learning economics and her curiosity about 

economic phenomena and policy issues. “It 

is always exciting when I am able to apply 

economic principles and theories to real-life 

situations. Another distinctive aspect about 

learning economics at SAIS is that it interacts 

with my other courses in energy and in 

international relations. All of these synergies 

help me foster integrated, interdisciplinary 

thinking in my academic study. Last 

but not least, for the first time, at SAIS I 

have total freedom to choose my courses, 

and therefore I enjoy each and every class I 

attend and cherish the opportunity to learn 

as much as I can.” 

Deane Hinton (BC11, U.S.) is a graduate of 

the University of Chicago where he obtained 

a B.A. in English Literature and Language. At 

SAIS, he is a Strategic Studies concentrator. 

15

Bologna Feature 

Take a Bow 

for Bologna’s cuisine! 

by Elizabeth Hegedus-Berthold 

The Mercato della Terra in the courtyard of the Cineteca di Bologna. 

At first glance, it might seem like Bologna, of all places, 

would have very little use for a “Slow Food” movement. On 

Sunday, the aromas of pork roasts begin wafting down 

through the porticoes at ten o’clock in the morning, hours before 

dinner. In the Quadrilateral, Bologna’s famed food market where 

vendors sell fresh-caught fish, handmade tortellini and all varieties 

of fruits and vegetables, you can easily 

spend half an hour waiting in line for the 

perfect artichoke. If you’re hoping to get 

your dinner check in time to make the 10 

p.m. opera at the Teatro Comunale, it can 

seem like food in Bologna couldn’t get 

any slower. 

And yet, the Slow Food movement has 

deep roots in Bologna, and in Italy at 

large. This relatively modern gastronomic 

trend harkens back to the ancient traditions 

that have made this region famous 

for its food. As early as the 16th century, 

travelers were referring to Bologna as “La 

Grassa” (“the Fat”) and the growing city 

was already well known for its sausages, 

vegetables and wines. Before food 

became a global industry, with menus that could be imported across 

continents, cooks had to use what was available locally. Bolognese 

cuisine, like Parma’s ham, is entwined with the terroir from the 

surrounding hills and fields. 

Centuries ago, it was taken for granted that food would be based 

locally. Today, eating locally requires a much more conscientious 

effort. Even in Italy, a country where culinary 

traditions are as strong and wellrenowned 

as anywhere in the world, food is 

changing. It is often becoming more globalized, 

corporatized, and disconnected 

from its Italian provenance and the traditional 

ways of preparing and enjoying food. 

The conflict between the old ways and the 

new came to a head when McDonald’s 

opened its first Italian franchise in Rome’s 

Piazza di Spagna, at the foot of the Spanish 

Steps. Carlo Petrini and a group protesting 

the Golden Arches founded the Slow Food 

Movement in response, to defend traditional 

Italian food against the encroachment of 

the standardized, corporate cuisine the fast 

food industry represented. 


Slow Food is an umbrella movement that aims to help people 

understand the impacts of the way they eat. The name was intended 

to oppose “fast food,” and to encourage people to enjoy food as an 

end in itself. Slow Food International is also committed to sustainable 

agricultural practices that support local farmers, minimize (or 

eliminate) the use of pesticides, and reduce impacts on the environment. 

The Slow Food movement focuses on food produced and 

consumed locally. 

Stefano Zamagni, vice director and senior adjunct professor of 

International Economics at the SAIS Bologna 

Center, who has been involved with Slow Food 

events, explains that the emphasis on local food 

not only reduces the environmental costs of transporting 

food, but also supports local employment 

and builds community. “Agriculture itself has a 

virtue: it creates social cohesion, social capital. In 

contrast to something like the financial services 

industry, agriculture has to be located somewhere. 

You cannot do it with someone you have never 

met. You build connections 

within the community. This is 

the side effect of agriculture, 

to create a social culture,” says 

Zamagni. 

A community has certainly 

built up around Slow Food 

here in Bologna, and in the 

region of Emilia-Romagna. 

Emilia-Romagna, along with 

the region Piemonte, sponsors 

the Slow Food University of 

Gastronomic Sciences. The 

University is an “international 

research and education center 

for those working on renewing 

farming methods, protecting 

biodiversity, and building an 

organic relationship between 

gastronomy and agricultural 

science.” Bologna also hosted the Slow Food 

and Film Festival in 2008 and in 2009. 

In Bologna itself, Slow Food International 

operates the Mercato Della Terra, a largely 

organic, all-local market where bolognesi can 

pick up everything from flowers to salami to 

wine. Here, every Saturday morning, shoppers 

have the chance to meet the person who produces 

the food they are buying. The market 

recently began to offer fresh caught fish from 

the Adriatic Sea and locally produced beer. 

One special feature of the market this May 

was a project called “Fare il Pane a Bologna,” 

or “Making Bread in Bologna.” The artisans 

behind the project want to teach bolognesi the 

ancient art of bread making, which was practiced 

in Bologna hundreds of years ago when 

local cooks would draw water from the nearby 

river and bake in the communal oven. To 

revive this tradition, the project set up a table 

at the Mercato Della Terra and offered shoppers 

the chance to mix and knead their own 


“Agriculture itself has 

a virtue: it creates social 

cohesion, social capital. 

In contrast to something 

like the financial services 

industry, agriculture has to 

be located somewhere. 

You cannot do it with 

someone you have never 

met. You build connections 

within the community. 

This is the side effect 

of agriculture, to create a 

social culture.” 

Stefano Zamagni 

loaves, or trade techniques with local bakers. The bread was then 

baked in a common oven, constructed near what is today Bologna’s 

modern art museum. 

At the Mercato Della Terra and other Slow Food events in 

Emilia-Romagna, today’s bolognesi are connecting with the ancient 

traditions that make this city famous. For hundreds of years, travelers 

from all over the world have descended on Bologna to taste 

some of Italy’s finest food. The Slow Food movement is helping to 

maintain the things that make Bologna special, in a world where tradition 

is often threatened by convenience 

and modernity. 

The Slow Food community in Bologna 

encourages us to slow down and savor the 

unique tastes the city has been known for 

through the ages. Preserving these traditional 

ways of preparing and enjoying food 

is preserving a piece of Bologna’s history. 

Hopefully, travelers many years in the 

future will still understand why the famous 

Italian cook Pellegrino Artusi 

wrote, “When you hear mention 

of Bologna cuisine, take a 

bow, for it deserves such 

respect.” 

Elizabeth Hegedus-Berthold 

(BC11, U.S.) is a second-year 

M.A. student concentrating in 

International Law. She is from 

Arizona and previously worked 

in the legislature on juvenile 

justice and public budgeting 

issues. This summer she 

interned at the International 

Criminal Court, The Hague. 

She loves to dance, and loves 

her dogs. 

17

New Intellectual Activities 


Preparing Leaders for Tomorrow’s 

Global Challenges 

by Odette Boya Resta 

Adistinguishing characteristic of the 

Bologna Center today is the high 

level of engagement its students 

enjoy in applying academic theory to policy. 

The Center is continuously evolving its curriculum 

to ensure it prepares tomorrow’s 

leaders with both the background and the 

skills they will need to effectively shape policy. 

Maintaining this level of commitment is 

by no means an easy, nor an automatic, task. 

Rather, it means being able to identify major 

themes with global socio-economic relevance 

and to transfer to students both the 

knowledge surrounding these themes and, 

perhaps more fundamentally, the appropriate 

tools to analyze policy implications and 

affect policy decisions. 

“Part of the uniqueness of SAIS—in particular 

the option of spending one year in 

Bologna and one year in Washington—is 

that it offers contrasting perspectives on 

global challenges, a debate displaced in time, 

and extraordinarily rich educational experience 

for our students who, we know from 

long experience, will play roles of leadership 

in the future,” says Kenneth H. Keller, director 

of the Bologna Center and professor of 

Science and Technology Policy. 

The Center’s forward-looking curricular 

approach is applied both to core courses as 

well as to specialized courses which target 

relevant policy issues. Incoming students 

this year, for example, can benefit from 

three new courses that focus on policymaking 

applied to critical global issues: socioeconomic-political 

risk, renewable energy, 

and foreign policy with respect to Iran. 

The most important 

thing is that students 

get a sense of 

the difficulty of 

predicting the behavior 

of complex systems 

Erik Jones 

Risk in International Political Economy 

is a brand new course this semester and will 

be taught by Erik Jones 

(BC89/DC90/Ph.D.96, U.S.), professor of 

European Studies and director of the new 

Bologna Institute for Policy Research 

(BIPR), with the generous support of 

Bologna Center Advisory Council Member 

Robert S. Singer. Renewable Energy: 

Markets, Technologies and Projects will be 

taught for the second time by Marco 

Dell’Aquila (BC85/DC86, Italy), adjunct 

professor of International Relations and 

Bologna Center Advisory Council Member. 

The United States in the Persian Gulf, a 

four-part mini-course, is also being delivered 

for the second time this fall by Gary 

Sick, visiting lecturer at the Bologna 

Center, professor at Columbia University’s 

SIPA, and former United States National 

Security Council Middle East analyst. 

Risk 

Risk management is a key component of 

most activities in any economic sector, from 

the most practical to the most esoteric. In the 

current global climate, management of risk in 

the international political economy is probably 

one of the hottest topics around. As this 

article goes to print, Europe is attempting to 

prevent defaults in Greece, Ireland and 

Portugal, and the U.S. is fighting a political 

deadlock to prevent its own bankruptcy. 


The Risk in International Political 

Economy course introduces students to 

thinking about risk so that they can better 

understand the complex decisions that face 

economic and political leaders in a globalized 

world. Starting with basic notions of 

risk and uncertainty, the course moves on 

to more complex models for financial and 

economic risk, and finally examines 

broader considerations of political, social, 

and cultural risk. 

Global political 

and economic uncertainty 

are increasing dramatically. 

The course will seek 

to enable students 

to develop frameworks 

for analyzing 

the consequent risks, 

making decisions, 

and taking action 

which will assist them 

in any field of activity 

from public policy 

to business. 

Robert S. Singer 

“Basically anything that can change in 

ways that can damage national or private 

interest is fair game,” says Jones. “The 

most important thing is that students get a 

sense of the difficulty of predicting the 

behavior of complex systems.” 

The emphasis is on method—how to 

think about risk—and the empirical 

material builds on case studies of actual 

decisions. A crucial part of what makes 

the course practical is a companion 

seminar series that involves a mix of 

conversations about ideas, experience, 

and careers in risk management—a 

component developed by Singer. 

“Global political and economic uncertainty 

are increasing dramatically. The 

course will seek to enable students to 

develop frameworks for analyzing the 

consequent risks, making decisions, and 

taking action which will assist them in any 

field of activity from public policy to 

business,” says Singer. 


Renewables 

“Energy in the form of power, or ‘keeping 

the lights on,’ is one of the fundamental 

roles of the modern state. Without reliable 

electricity a modern state will not function 

and will fall into chaos,” says Dell’Aquila 

on the subject of renewable energy. Issues 

of energy dependency, and long term 

energy provision, are central to today’s 

political and economic policy discussions. 

As many countries seek to break their 

dependency on oil—and on oil rich 

countries—they are turning to renewable 

energy as a possible solution. 

Renewable energy, at its most basic, is 

the generation of power using sources of 

energy that either never run out, such as the 

sun, the wind and waves & tides, or sources 

that can be renewed, such as biomass. 

The course Renewable Energy: 

Markets, Technologies and Projects 

explores the renewable energy sector, 

spanning economics, regulation, technology, 

finance and commercial issues. The format 

of the course features several guest speakers 

who typically discuss in detail specific 

projects or their sector experience, exposing 

students to various perspectives on a 

range of technologies and markets. 

In addition to resource availability and 

sustainability the course also covers the 

critical issue of climate change. The combustion 

of oil, gas and coal (or hydrocarbons), 

apart from polluting the environment 

also emit vast quantities of CO2, a 

naturally occurring gas, which contribute 

directly to global warming. “Renewable 

energy offers the promise of ‘keeping the 

lights on’ without boiling the planet or 

causing wars!” says Dell’Aquila. 

Renewable energy 

offers the promise of 

‘keeping the lights on’ 

without boiling 

the planet 

or causing wars! 

Marco Dell’Aquila 

The course equips students with practical 

knowledge of what challenges could be 

encountered and which skills would be 

useful when working in the industry. Last 

spring students visited a biomass plant not 

Risk in International 

Political Economy 

and companion seminar series 

was inspired by and is supported 

by Bologna Center Advisory 

Council Member Robert S. Singer 

and builds on his experience as 

Chief Financial Officer at Gucci 

and Chief Executive Officer at 

Abercrombie & Fitch and at Barilla. 

Singer obtained his Bachelor of 

Arts degree at The Johns Hopkins 

University Zanvyl Krieger School 

of Arts and Sciences in 1972 after 

which he began his career in the 

private sector. 

far from Bologna and listened to a management 

presentation on sourcing and 

burning biomass. The second site visit was 

to Lardarello, site of the world’s first 

geothermal power plant in Tuscany. Today 

this vast site has many different power 

plants, all of which use heat from the 

earth’s crust which is converted into 

power, providing Tuscany with one-third 

of its power needs. 

These site visits provided students an 

inside look into the renewable energy sector. 

Nancy Ngo (BC11, U.S.) an Energy, 

Resources, and Environment (ERE) and 

Southeast Asia Studies concentrator at 

SAIS says, “The visit to the BioEnergie biomass 

plant in Bando d’Argenta gave me 

valuable insight into the technical aspects of 

the biomass industry and the opportunity to 

ask questions directly to the engineers running 

the facility. I was fascinated at the 

19

potential for biomass as a growing future 

energy source from agricultural byproducts 

that one wouldn’t typically consider, such 

as olive pits and tomato vines. I also found 

it refreshing to see the representation of 

women working at this biomass plant.” 

The popular ‘reality genre’ has met its 

match at the Bologna Center in terms of 

student enthusiasm and competitive spirit. 

The culmination of the renewables course 

is a simulation exercise in which randomly 

assigned teams of students work together 

on a real life transaction which challenges 

the team’s knowledge of what they have 

learned during the course over a two-day 

period. 

If students come away 

with a better 

understanding 

of how policy is made 

and how it can go 

very wrong, they will 

be better prepared 

for the real world 

they are entering. 

Gary Sick 

“The students work through two lectures 

and then deep into the night to discuss, 

debate, and prepare their presentations 

which they must give—in business 

attire—the next morning in front of the 

class. Two additional experts assisted the 

teams and eventually judged the presentations. 

Prizes were awarded to the best 

teams. This type of exercise exposes students 

to the importance of team work, 

stress, and presentation skills and is 

intended to mimic a real life situation. This 

might seem an unusual thing to learn at 

SAIS, but it is critical in the job market,” 

explains Dell’Aquila. 

Foreign Policy and Iran 

A political scientist by training, Sick served 

on the National Security Council staff under 

Presidents Ford, Carter and Reagan as well 

as in the U.S. Navy and brings a seasoned 

perspective to the Bologna Center. He was 

the principal White House aide for Iran during 

the Iranian Revolution and the hostage 

crisis. Sick also teaches at Columbia 

University’s School of International and 

Public Affairs and is the executive director 

of Gulf/2000, an international web-based 

research project on political, economic and 

security developments in the Persian Gulf. 

The Bologna Center Class of 2011 was 

the first group to be offered the course The 

United States in the Persian Gulf—and the 

first to experience this format—and they 

registered in great numbers from across 

academic concentrations. 

The course covered several areas of foreign 

policy and raised some thought provoking 

debates on Iran and the transatlantic 

relationship today. According to Sick, 

“Europe seems to be in disunity on almost 

every major foreign policy issue. Perhaps 

one of the areas where there is real convergence 

is on the issue of Iran.” 

“European states have been relatively 

consistent in pressing Iran for concessions 

on its nuclear program and in applying 

sanctions when those concessions were not 

forthcoming. But just to prove how hard it 

is to achieve real unity, Turkey has led an 

alternative effort to persuade Iran to accept 

an earlier U.S. and European offer for a 

nuclear swap, only to be rejected brusquely 

by both the United States and Europeans. 

The resulting bruised feelings have made 

cooperation on other issues even more difficult,” 

says Sick. 

“Gary Sick’s lectures provided an 

insight into a fairly complex country and I 

particularly enjoyed the one in which he 

discussed the 1979 coup and the hostage 

crisis as it was interesting to see the thought 

processes behind the U.S.’s response to this 

crisis. Since it was a four-part series, it was 

extremely in-depth,” says Deane Hinton 

(BC11, U.S.), a Strategic Studies concentrator 

at SAIS. 

The practical applications of The United 

States in the Persian Gulf for students are 

far reaching. Sick explains, “Most SAIS 

graduates will be involved in policy analysis 

in one form or another after they graduate. 

The mini-course I teach on U.S. policymaking 

in the Persian Gulf provides more 

than half a century of practical examples of 

how policymakers think, why they act as 

they do, and how wrong they can be at 

times. If students come away with a better 

understanding of how policy is made and 

how it can go very wrong, they will be better 

prepared for the real world they are 

entering.” 

In sum 

This is only a sampling of the courses the 

Center currently offers. In the future the 

curriculum will continue to expand and 

develop to reflect the interests of students—our 

next leaders—and continue to 

draw from our community of experts— 

academics and practitioners—in cutting 

edge fields related to international affairs. 

All of this activity is in pursuit of one 

goal: to arm students with the background, 

analytical methods, and practical tools 

they will need in the workplace to effectively 

make policy decisions—in short, to 

impact the world. With this in mind, the 

Center’s position as a thought leader and 

catalyst gives it the unique ability to bring 

together experts from academia, policy, 

and the private sector to directly benefit 

the student experience. 

Odette Boya Resta (BC99/DC00, U.S./Italy) 

is communications officer at the SAIS 

Bologna Center and editor of Rivista. 

ERIK JONES 

(BC89/DC90/Ph.D.96, U.S.) 

professor of European 

Studies and director of the 

Bologna Institute for Policy 

Research. 

ROBERT S. SINGER 

Bologna Center Advisory 

Council Member and former 

Chief Financial Officer at 

Gucci and Chief Executive 

Officer at Abercrombie & 

Fitch and at Barilla. 

MARCO DELL’AQUILA 

(BC85/DC86, Italy) adjunct 

professor of International 

Relations and Bologna 

Center Advisory Council 

Member. 

GARY SICK 

visiting lecturer at the 

Bologna Center, professor at 

Columbia University’s SIPA, 

and former National Security 

Council Middle East analyst. 


The Bologna Institute 

for Policy Research 

OPENS ITS DOORS 

Just a few steps away from Via 

Belmeloro, The Bologna Center has 

taken a leap toward increasing the 

visibility and impact of its faculty research 

with the creation of the Bologna Institute for 

Policy Research (BIPR). 

The institute brings together SAIS faculty 

who are resident in Bologna and the wider 

network of adjuncts, associates and alumni 

from across the globe who have worked at 

the Center. Over the long term, the BIPR 

expects to strengthen research linkages 

between Bologna and Washington, D.C., 

and between SAIS and the Johns Hopkins 

University at large. 

The BIPR will focus initially on four 

major themes: transatlantic relations and 

the changing world order; implications of 

the global economic and financial crisis; 

ethnic conflict and post-conflict resolution; 

and energy, technology and the global 

environment. The institute will take 

advantage of the Bologna Center’s long 

history and unique geographic location to 

promote research on comparative regional 

integration in Europe and elsewhere and 

political transition in Southeastern Europe 

and the Mediterranean. Resident faculty 

will take the lead in each of these areas, 

drawing on the expertise and enthusiasm 

of the entire Bologna Center community to 

form a program of seminars, workshops, 

conferences, visiting scholar residencies, 

and publications. 


“The Bologna Center community has 

always been very research-active,” says Erik 

Jones, professor of European Studies and 

BIPR director. “The seminar series and conferences 

have been a great strength of the 

institution, and the wider adjunct community 

is its strongest asset. The challenge we face 

now is to communicate this wealth of 

activity to the outside world, foster greater 

synergies across the different dimensions of 

the Bologna Center community, and 

strengthen the Bologna Center as an asset 

for SAIS and for Johns Hopkins as a whole.” 

New offices furnished with art loaned to the BIPR 

by Italian figurative artist Bruno Pegoretti, 

pictured here Jones in front of Pushkar (2005). 

The organization of the new institute is 

proceeding at a dramatic pace. Bologna 

Center Director Kenneth H. Keller 

announced the idea to his Advisory Council 

last March as it met to greet Johns Hopkins 

University President Ronald J. Daniels. 

Daniels immediately warmed to the idea 

and offered to provide generous support for 

the BIPR during its first five years of operation. 

The Center’s staff quickly identified 

suitable rental space, and Keller appointed 

Jones as director. 

The initiative has drawn immediate and 

enthusiastic support. Kathryn Knowles 

(BC01/DC02, U.S./Italy) has assumed a 

leading position consulting with Director 

Keller to help Jones launch the BIPR. 

Recent graduate Valeria Calderoni (BC11, 

Italy) has also joined the team to provide 

essential research writing and administrative 

support. 

Many policy researchers have expressed 

interest in contributing to BIPR’s activities, 

on issues ranging from political leadership 

in the Middle East to post-conflict stabilization 

in the Balkans, and from corporate 

social responsibility to Europe’s sovereign 

debt crisis. With strong support from its 

alumni base, the BIPR is also carving out an 

agenda dealing with energy security and 

adaptation to climate change. 

The institute will launch formally with 

the start of the academic year in Bologna 

this October. 

To find out more about the BIPR and 

research at the Bologna Center, email 

BIPR_inquiries@jhubc.it. 

To contact the BIPR director, email 

BIPR_Director@jhubc.it. by OBR 

21

BOLOGNA CENTER FACULTY - News 

The Johns Hopkins Alumni 

Association Excellence in Teaching 

Award for SAIS is awarded each year at 

the Bologna Center, based on a student 

vote. This year two professors claimed the 

honor. Arntraud Hartmann (BC79, 

Germany), adjunct professor of 

International Development and consultant 

to the Brookings Institution, the 

International Monetary Fund and the World 

Bank, and Fabrizio Jacobellis 

(BC02/DC03, Italy), adjunct professor 

of International Economics and senior 

manager in the Department of Economics at 

Ernst & Young in London, were the 

students’ pick. 

“When I returned to the Bologna Center 

after several years of absence, I found it to be 

a terrific experience: the pleasure of sharing 

professional experiences with students, stimulating 

their excitement for the development 

field, being challenged by student’s intellectual 

curiosity, trying to make confusing matters 

sound simple, and staying abreast of academic 

debates,” says Hartmann. 

Jacobellis comments, “If I managed to 

achieve such a nice result is because I was 

supported by all the people working for the 

Bologna Center and I was lucky in having 

special students attending my class. I thank 

each of them for their support and wish 

them all the best for their future.” 

The awards were announced during the 

Commencement ceremony for the Bologna 

Center Class of 2011 on May 28. 

On this same sunny day in May France’s 

Minister of Culture Frédéric Mitterrand 

named Anna Ottani Cavina, adjunct 

professor of Italian Art History, Officier 

dans l’Ordre des Arts et des 

Lettres at Château de Fontainebleau in 

Fontainebleau, France. Present at the ceremony 

were several American professors 

Anna Ottani Cavina and Frédéric Mitterand 

including David Freedberg, Pierre Matisse 

Professor of the History of Art and Director 

of The Italian Academy for Advanced 

Studies in America at Columbia University. 

The Order was established on May 2, 

1957 by the Minister of Culture, and confirmed 

as part of the Ordre National du 

Mérite by President Charles de Gaulle in 

1963. Its purpose is the recognition of 

significant contributions to the arts, literature, 

or the propagation of these fields. 

Susanna Mancini, adjunct professor of 

International Law and member of the 

Center for Constitutional Studies and 

Democratic Development (CCSDD), was 

elected member of the Executive 

Committee of the International Association 

of Constitutional Law (IACL) in December. 

The IACL provides a forum in which 

constitutionalists from all around the world 

can begin to understand each other’s 

systems, explain and reflect on their own, 

and engage in fruitful comparison. 

Visit jhubc.it/bcnews for 

news about and new publications 

by SAIS Bologna faculty. 


BOLOGNA CENTER FACULTY - Recent Books 

The Cold War 

By John L. Harper 

Oxford University Press, 

2011 

Developments 

in European Politics, 

Two 

Erik Jones, co-editor 

Palgrave, 2011 

European Security 

and the Future 

of Transatlantic 

Relations 

Erik Jones, co-editor 

Edizioni Nuova Cultura, 2011 

Europe Today, 

Fourth Edition 

Edited by Ronald Tiersky 

and Erik Jones with Saskia 

van Genugten. 

Rowman & Littlefield, 2011 


Il potere dell’alternanza. 

Teorie e ricerche 

sui cambi di governo 

Gianfranco Pasquino, 

co-author 

Bononia University Press, 2011 

The Age of Equality: 

The Twentieth 

Century in Economic 

Perspective 

By Richard Pomfret 

Harvard University Press, 2011 

The Emergency State: 

America’s Pursuit 

of Absolute Security 

at All Costs 

By David C. Unger 

Penguin Press 

(Forthcoming 2012) 

Libro Bianco 

sul Terzo Settore 

Stefano Zamagni, editor 

Il Mulino, 2011 

OTHER FACULTY PUBLICATIONS 

‘Plus ça change…? Israel, the EU and the Union for the 

Mediterranean’ by Raffaella Del Sarto in Mediterranean Politics 

Routledge, 2011 

‘Review of Federico Romero’s Storia Della Guerra Fredda: 

L’Ultimo Conflitto Per L’Europa’ by Mark Gilbert in H-Diplo 

Review, 2011 

‘The Crucifix Rage: Supra-National Constitutionalism 

Bumps Against the Counter-Majoritarian Difficulty’ by 

Susanna Mancini in European Constitutional Law Review, 2010 

‘To Be Or Not To Be Jewish: The Supreme Court Of The 

United Kingdom Answers The Question’ by Susanna Mancini 

in European Constitutional Law Review, 2010 

‘The Judge as Moral Arbiter? The Case of Abortion’ by 

Susanna Mancini (with M. Rosenfeld), in A. Sajo, R. Uitz, (eds.), 

Constitutional Topography: Constitutions and Values, 2010 

‘A Little Discourse on Method(s)’ by Antonio Missiroli in European 

Policy Brief No. 2, EGMONT Royal Institute for International Relations, 2011 

‘The Peculiar Economics of Public Policy Towards Sport’ by 

Richard Pomfret (with John K. Wilson) in Agenda 18(1), ANU E Press, 2011 

‘Technology Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment in 

Vietnam: Horizontal or Vertical Spillovers?’ by Richard 

Pomfret (with Hoi Quoc Le) in Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 16(2), 2011 

‘Exploiting Energy and Mineral Resources in Central Asia, 

Azerbaijan and Mongolia’ by Richard Pomfret in Comparative 

Economic Studies 53(1), 2011 

‘Constructing Market-based Economies in Central Asia: A 

Natural Experiment?’� by Richard Pomfret in European Journal of 

Comparative Economics 7(2), 2010 

‘Why do Trade Costs Vary?’ by Richard Pomfret (with Patricia 

Sourdin) in Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv) 146(4), 2010 

‘Trends and Patterns in the Shii Heartland and Beyond: 

Iran’ by Sanam Vakil in Militancy and Political Violence in Shi’ism, Assaf 

Moghadam (ed.), Routledge, 2011 

‘The Future of Political Science’ by Pascal Vennesson and Jean 

Blondel in European Political Science, 2010 

‘Competing Visions for the European Union Grand 

Strategy’ by Pascal Vennesson in European Foreign Affairs Review, 2010 

‘The Lesson and Warning of a Crisis Foretold: A Political 

Economy Approach’ by Stefano Zamagni in International Review of 

Economics, 56, 2009 

‘Catholic Social Thought, Civil Economy and the Spirit of 

Capitalism’ by Stefano Zamagni in The True Wealth of Nations, D. Finn 

(ed.), Oxford University Press, 2010 

‘The Dialogue Between Economics and Ethics’ by Stefano 

Zamagni in Spiritual Humanism and Economic Wisdom, H. Opdebeeck and 

L. Zsolnai (eds.), Antwerpen, Garant, 2011 

‘Europe and the Idea of a Civil Economy’ by Stefano Zamagni in 

Imagine Europe, L. Bonckaert and J. Eynikel (eds.), Antwerpen, Garant, 2009 

23

What’s Going On 

What’s Going On 


Upcoming Conferences 

and Lectures Fall 2011 

Planning to travel to Italy soon? 

Stop by to take part 

in our conferences and lectures. 

jhubc.it/events 

Highlights include... 

October 20-27, November 3-10, Gary Sick, adjunct 

professor of International and Public Affairs and senior research 

scholar at the School of International and Public Affairs at 

Columbia University, mini-course, The United States in the 

Persian Gulf 

November 12, the author’s workshop for Politica in Italia / 

Italian Politics Edizione 2012, the annual review of political 

life in Italy organized by the Istituto Cattaneo 

November 25, John L. Harper, professor of American 

Foreign Policy, moderator, The United States and the Unification 

of Italy: 150th Anniversary Italy Conference 

December 5, 6, 8, Charles Pearson, professor of 

Economics and Environment at the Diplomatic Academy of 

Vienna and professor emeritus at Johns Hopkins University SAIS 

Washington, mini-course, Economics and the Challenge of Global 

Warming 

December 15, Erik Jones, professsor of European Studies 

and director of the Bologna Institute for Policy Research, 

moderator, Roundtable on Political Risk Consulting: Anticipating 

Global Challenges 

Schedule is subject to change. 

See jhubc.it/events for more details, a program of other 

events happening at the Center, and to subscribe to our events 

RSS feed. 

24 

SELECT 

EVENTS and 

CONFERENCES 


May 2011 

2nd STI-Workshop on Transition and Integration 

A two-day workshop 

Jointly organized by the Bologna Center, the European Association for Comparative 

Economic Studies (EACES) of Freiberg, Germany, the Transilvania University of Brasov, 

Romania, the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA), the EU 

Commission, and the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH), Halle, Germany 

April 2011 

Peace and Stabilization Process in the Great 

Lakes Region 

Leonardo Baroncelli 

Former Italian Ambassador to the 

Democratic Republic of Congo, 

Alumnus (BC69, Italy) 

March 2011 

The Nuclear Dimension OF Grand 

Strategy 1945-1990 and Beyond. Towards 

Nuclear Zero: Vision or Delusion? 

A three-part lecture series 

Michael Stürmer 

Professor emeritus of Medieval and 

Modern History, Friedrich-Alexander- 

Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg and chief 

correspondent, Welt–Group, Berlin

March 2011 

The Rise of the Green Party in Germany: 

Past, Present and Perspectives 

Kerstin Müller 

Member of the German Bundestag and Greens 

Parliamentary Spokesperson for Foreign Policy. 

Former Minister of State at the German Ministry 

of Foreign Affairs (2002–2005) 

June 2011 

The Emergence and Transformation of Foreign Policy 

A three-day conference 

Jointly organized by the Bologna Center, the Goethe University Frankfurt a. M., 

the Max-Planck-Institute for European Legal History, with the support of the Cluster of Excellence 

“The Formation of Normative Orders” at the Goethe University Frankfurt a. M. 


April 2011 

The Libyan Conundrum 

Karim Mezran 

Adjunct professor of Middle East 

Studies and director of the 

Center for American Studies 

in Rome 

Left: 

June-July 2011 

The International Peace 

and Security Institute 

(IPSI) organized a program 

this summer at the SAIS Bologna 

campus in cooperation with SAIS 

Washington. 

Speakers/Trainers invited for the 

2011 Bologna Symposium 

included I. William Zartman 

(on the right), co-academic 

coordinator of the program and 

professor emeritus, The Johns 

Hopkins University SAIS and 

Francis M. Deng (on the left), 

UN Under-Secretary General, 

Special Adviser for the Prevention 

of Genocide 

photo by Keith Lane 

Above: March 2011 

Islam and Europe. 

Religion, Law, Identity 

A two-day International 

Conference 

Jointly organized by The 

Protection Project at Johns 

Hopkins University SAIS 

Washington, the Bologna 

Center, and the Center for 

Constitutional Studies and 

Democratic Development 

(CCSDD). Pictured above 

Justin Frosini of the CCSDD 

Below: March 2011 

The Sixth Crisis: 

Iran, Israel, America 

and the Rumors of War 

Dana Allin 

Editor of Survival, senior fellow 

for U.S. Foreign Policy 

and Transatlantic Affairs 

at The International Institute 

for Strategic Studies (IISS), 

Alumnus (BC85/DC86, U.S.) 

25

Bringing an Original 

and Dynamic Perspective 

to the Center 

Q&A with Winrich Kühne 

Steven Muller Professor 

in German Studies 

As two decades of Bologna Center 

alumni can attest, Winrich Kühne 

lectures on peace operations, 

peacebuilding, conflict management, and 

other foreign and security policy issues with a 

uniquely passionate, engaging and proactive 

style. 

Founder and former director of the 

German Center for International Peace 

Operations (ZIF) in Berlin, Kühne is a longtime 

consultant to the German parliament 

and government, was a senior adviser to the 

European Union’s former Crisis Prevention 

Network, and is a member of the international 

advisory board of the United Nations 

Department of Peacekeeping Operations’ 

Lessons Learned Unit. Kühne is also a member 

of the advisory board of the German 

government’s inter-ministerial Crisis 

Prevention Group as well as a member of 

the editorial boards of the Journal of 

International Peacekeeping and Global 

Governance. He has been a member of 

international election observer missions in 

Namibia, Malawi, Angola, Mozambique and 

South Africa, to name a few. 

In 2009 Kühne was named Steven Muller 

Professor in German Studies. Muller was 

president of the Johns Hopkins University, 

serving from 1972 to 1990. The Chair was 

established in Muller’s honor at the Bologna 

Center in recognition of his dedication to the 

Center and to German-American relations. 

Previous chairholders at the Center include 

Michael Stürmer, Suzanne Schüttemeyer, 

Stephen F. Szabo and Horst Siebert. 

Last year Germany’s President awarded 

Kühne the Bundesverdienstkreuz, federal order 

of merit, for his outstanding contribution to 

improving German and international conflict 

prevention and management capabilities. In 

2009 Bologna Center students awarded him, 

together with Thomas Row, the Johns 

Hopkins University Alumni Association 

Excellence in Teaching Award. 


You are chairholder of the prestigious 

Steven Muller Chair in German Studies at 

the Center. How is the Chair evolving today? 

I believe the chair has developed quite well 

after we introduced some slight adjustments. 

In view of the enormous diversity 

and quality of courses offered at the Center 

it is understandable that students do not 

have much space left for country specific 

courses—like those on German politics. 

I continue to teach a course on the theory 

and practice of peace operations as 

well as two classes on war, peace, democratization 

and development in Sub- 

Saharan Africa. Both courses are well 

attended, in particular the latter with about 

forty students this year. In these courses, 

German and European politics are important 

topics. Germany in recent years has 

become a major actor in EU-ESDP, NATO 

and UN conflict management, peacekeeping 

and post-conflict peacebuilding, 

including in Africa. 

Thanks to your network, the Center has 

hosted several prominent German lecturers. 

Which were some of the highlights for you? 

And for students? 

Indeed, encouraging German speakers to 

give talks at the Center is an important element 

of the chair’s profile. Last year we 

hosted, for instance, Wolfgang Ischinger, one 

of the internationally best known German 

diplomats with an outstanding record as 

State Secretary at the Federal Foreign Office, 

Germany’s Ambassador in Washington and 

now President of the Munich International 

Security Conference. His talk on “The Role 

of High Level Diplomacy in Conflict 

Management” impressed students with its 

fascinating mix of analysis, field experience 

and illustrative anecdotes. 

Excellent talks were also given by 

General Glatz, the Head of the Bundeswehr 

Commande Center in Potsdann, two 

German experts working in the European 

Police Mission (EUPM) in Bosnia and 

Herzegovina and, last but not least, MP 

Kerstin Müller, a leading member of the 

Green Party since its early days. She gave a 

scintillating account of the difficult and 

often very controversial rise of the Green 

Party. Her frankness regarding a number of 

strategic and tactical mistakes the Greens 

committed in this process fascinated students. 

Afterwards, in a lovely bolognese 

restaurant, the discussion turned even more 

frank, interesting and entertaining. 


The Berlin trip at the end of the academic 

year—in which you accompany students to 

“your city” to meet high-level policy 

makers and opinion shapers—has revived a 

tradition at the Center. 

Why is this experience important? 

Indeed, the Berlin trip has become one of 

the exceptional events organized by the 

German chair in recent years—and the city 

itself has become increasingly popular 

among students of all nationalities. This 

year almost forty students applied although 

only twenty-five seats were available. Apart 

from visiting tourist sites like the 

Brandenburg Gate, my intention is to familiarize 

students with the various layers of 

Berlin’s difficult and contradictory history: 

the Prussian imperial age with its impressive 

architecture; the Weimar Republic and 

the rise of the Third Reich and its murderous 

aberrations; Berlin as a city in ruins at 

the end of World War II and its amazing 

revival despite a painful separation and the 

Wall; and finally, the miracle of its unification 

and transformation into the capital of 

the new, unified Germany. 

In addition, meetings and discussions in 

the Bundestag, the German Parliament, the 

Foreign Ministry, political foundations, 

think tanks, and other relevant institutions 

are part of the program. 

It is always impressive to see how 

energetic and enthusiastic students are during 

the trip, despite the fact that they hit 

the ground in Berlin completely exhausted 

after weeks of final exams in Bologna. The 

Berlin Bologna Center Alumni greatly 

contribute to the success of the trip by 

organizing an evening gathering and discussion, 

complemented by a rich barbecue. 

It goes without saying that most students 

still have some energy left over to explore 

Berlin by night… by OBR 

Various photos of Winrich Kühne teaching and moderating 

lectures at the Bologna Center, as well as participating in 

UN peacekeeping missions and mediation efforts around 

the world. 

27

Your support, your 

our future together 

by Gabriella Chiappini 

This Summer/Fall issue of Rivista offers all of us the 

opportunity to thank you for your support of the 

Center. Philanthropy represents 25 percent of our 

budget and last fiscal year (July 1, 2010 – June 30, 2011) it 

indeed made a difference in the life of the Center! 

Your support has enabled us to successfully celebrate 

the completion of the fundraising campaign launched in 

2005 to renovate and enlarge our Via Belmeloro 11 

facilities. View our new building video short at 

jhubc.it/tribute, an audio visual tribute to those who 

made this accomplishment possible. 

Not only did we meet the $6 million goal, but we 

exceeded it thanks to the many classes who chose the 

building campaign as their class project. The truly unique 

aspect of the whole building fundraising campaign is that 

90 percent of its supporters are Bologna alumni. A 

pattern that applies every year to our overall donor pool! 

As we look forward to a new academic year, we hope 

you will continue to direct your generosity to support our 

students and our program, including our newly established 

Bologna Institute for Policy Research (BIPR). 

Our aim is to continue offering a top quality academic 

and intellectual environment, always up to speed with the 

fast changing international scenario. 

Philanthropy and community building are key to our 

success. By making a donation every year, no matter what 

size, you will make it possible to perpetuate and improve 

the Bologna experience. By becoming an active member 

of our alumni community you will be able to share your 

expertise, benefit from networking with our 6,500 alumni 

around the world, and participate actively in the 

development of the Center. 

BOLOGNA CENTER 


passion... 

Your support, your passion, and your invaluable collaboration have helped the 

Center grow steadily over time and have put it on the right track to celebrate a 

successful 60th anniversary in 2015. 

Visit our giving page at jhubc.it/giving or contact 

the Center’s development team at development@jhubc.it 


Grazie mille… 

Gabriella Chiappini is director of Development at the SAIS Bologna Center. 

29

HOW TO GIVE 

to the BOLOG 

BOLOG 

Online: 

Visit jhubc.it/onlinedonations 

By Check: 

Make your check payable to 

“Johns Hopkins University 

Bologna Center.” 

Indicate your gift designation 

in the “note” section 

(for instance Annual Fund) 

or attach a note and mail it 

to the Development Office 

in Bologna. 

By wire transfer: 

Contact development@jhubc.it 

Tax deductible donations to the 

Bologna Center can be made 

from the following countries: 

For donors in BELGIUM 

(NEW ONLINE DONATIONS!) 

Through an agreement with the 

King Baudouin Foundation (KBF), 

donors in Belgium can support the 

Bologna Center and benefit from a tax-deduction 

in accordance with Belgian Income Tax 

Code, art.104. 

Contributions can be made: 

Online: visit kbs-frb.be and follow the 

instructions below. 

On the left, find “Centre for Philanthropy” 

On that page, find the link to make a donation: 

“Read more > Donations” 

Find “My donation is intended for” and tick 

“A project account, fund or specific project in 

Europe or the United States” 

In the pull down menu of “Project in Europe 

(TGE)”, select “Italy – Bologna Center” 

Click on the box marked “I am making an 

online donation now” 

Complete all information requested 

NEW! 

Check to: 

Account holder: King Baudouin Foundation 

Bank: Banque de la poste 

Bank address: rue des colonies (P28) - 1000 

Bruxelles 

IBAN: BE10 0000 0000 0404 

BIC: BPOTBEB1 

Designation: “TGE- Bologna Center - IT - JHU“ 

Either way, please also send an email to 

development@jhubc.it specifying the amount 

and the designation of your gift for proper 

tracking of your donation. 

For donors in CANADA 

The Johns Hopkins University is an approved 

charity in Canada fully recognized by the 

Canadian Customs and Revenue Agency. 

Therefore, contributions to the Bologna Center 

are tax deductible. An official gift receipt valid 

for tax purposes in Canada will be issued by 

the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. 

Send your donation in Canadian dollars to: 

Elaine Dorsey 

Director of Data Administration 

Development and Alumni Relations 

The Johns Hopkins University 

Suite 2500 - 201 N. Charles Street - Baltimore 

MD 21201 U.S.A 

Ph: (410) 625-8370, Fax: (410) 625-7445 - 

Email: elaine@jhu.edu 

Please also send an email to 




For donors in FRANCE 

Through an agreement with the Fondation de 

France, donors in France can support all divisions 

of Johns Hopkins University, including 

the Bologna Center, and benefit from a tax 

deduction in France. 

Donations can be made by: 

Check to: 

Fondation de France 

Ghislaine Rumin, 40 avenue Hoche, 

75008 Paris 

Beneficiary of your cheque must be: Fondation 

de France 

Please write on the check OR in an accompanying 

note: “Fondation de 

France/500477/Johns Hopkins University 

(USA) Foundation”. 

Wire transfer to: 

Caisse des Depots et Consignations 

56, rue de Lille, 75356 Paris 07 SP 

IBAN: FR67 4003 1000 0100 0010 0222 L76 

Adresse Swift:CDCGFRPP 

Code banquet: 40031 - Code guichet: 00001 - 

Clé RIB: 76 

N° de compte: 0000100222L 

Titulaire du compte: Fondation de France 

Reference: “500477/ Johns Hopkins University 

(USA) Foundation” 

Either way please also send an email to 




For donors in GERMANY 

Tax-deductible contributions to the Bologna 

Center can be made through the Verein der 

Freunde des Bologna Center at the following 

coordinates: 

Sparkasse Essen Konto 274 001 - BLZ 360 

501 05 

Verwendungszweck: “Bologna Center General 

Purpose”. 





For donors in IRELAND 

Now tax-deductible contributions to the 

Bologna Center can be made through The 

Community Foundation for Ireland. 

Donations can be made by wire transfer on the 

Foundation’s account at the following coordinates: 

Account Name: The Community Foundation 

for Ireland Ltd 

Bank account: 23538655 

Bank Name: Bank of Ireland 

Sort Code: 90-14-90 

Bank Address: Lower Baggot 

Street,Dublin 2,Ireland 


NA CENTER 

CENTER 

IBAN Code: IE94 BOFI 9014 9023 5386 55 

Swift Code: BOFIIE2D 

Designation: Bologna Center 





For donors in ITALY 

Alumni in Italy can make their tax deductible 

contributions to the Bologna Center through 

the Associazione Italo-Americana “Luciano 

Finelli” / Friends of the Johns Hopkins 

University. 

Please visit: italo-americana.org/donors 

Contributions may be made by: 

Wire transfer to: 

Unicredit Banca, Filiale Bologna 3307 - 

Piazza Aldrovandi 12/A - Bologna 

IBAN code: IT94G0200802457000100915529 

SWIFT code: UNICRITB1PM7 

Beneficiary: Friends of the Johns Hopkins 

University 

Gift designation/causale: Bologna Center 

Check to: 

Friends of the Johns Hopkins University 

Via Belmeloro, 13 – 40126 Bologna, Itlay 

Beneficiary of your cheque must be: Friends 

of the Johns Hopkins University 

Please write on the check OR in an accompanying 

note your gift designation (for instance 

Annual Fund) 

Either way, please also send and email 

to Lisa Gelhaus at lgelhaus@jhubc.it and 




For donors in the NETHERLANDS 

Tax-deductible contributions can be made 

through the Oranje Fonds: 

Utrecht, ING 667164200; ref. TGE/Bologna 

Center. 





For donors in POLAND 

Now tax-deductible contributions to the 

Bologna Center can be made through The 

Foundation for Poland. 

Donations can be made by wire transfer on the 

Foundation’s account at the following coordinates: 

Fundacja dla Polski 

ul. Narbutta 20/33 - 02-541 Warszawa 

BRE Bank SA 

45 1140 1010 0000 5294 4600 1001 

Designation: Bologna Center - Italy 

Please send also an email to 




For donors in SWITZERLAND 

Tax-deductible contributions can be made 

through the Swiss Philanthropy Foundation 

for donation by wire transfer. For the Swiss 

Philanthropy Foundation bank coordinates, 

send an email to contact@swissphilanthropy.ch 

specifying your name, preferred 

mailing address and the beneficiary of your 

donation (Bologna Center). 

Please send also an email to 




For donors in the UK 

Gifts to the Bologna Center can be made in a 

tax efficient manner through The Bologna 

Center of the Johns Hopkins University UK 

Charitable Trust. This allows donors to take 

advantage of the Inland Revenue’s Gift Aid 

Scheme in which UK tax payers are able to 

augment their gift to charity. Inland Revenue 

gives the charity the basic rate tax the donor 

had paid. In addition, higher rate tax payers 

can reclaim the difference between the basic 

rate and the higher rate on their annual tax 

reclaim. 

Download the forms from: 

jhubc.it/SUPPORT-THE-BC/uk.cfm 

Or request the forms from Eileen Flood at 

eileen_flood@blueyonder.co.uk 

Summer/Fall 2011 jhubc.it/giving 





For donors in the USA 

Contributions to the Johns Hopkins University 

SAIS Bologna Center, are tax-deductible in 

the USA. An official gift receipt valid for tax 

purposes in the USA will be issued by the 

Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. 

Contributions can be made: 

Online: jhubc.it/onlinedonations 

Check to: 

Make your check payable to “Johns Hopkins 

University.” Attach a note to indicate your gift 

designation (i.e. Bologna Center Annual Fund) 

or, if applicable, indicate your gift designation 

in the “note” section of your check. Mail it to 

the Development Office in Bologna (see the 

address below) or, if you prefer, to: 

Elaine Dorsey 

Director of Data Administration 

Development and Alumni Relations 

The Johns Hopkins University 

Suite 2500 – 201 N. Charles Street 

Baltimore MD 21201 USA 

Phone: (410) 625-8370, Fax: (410) 625-7445 

Email: elaine@jhu.edu 

If your country is not 

on this list or for more 

information on how to give 

to the Bologna Center, 

please contact: 

Clarissa Ronchi 

Development Coordinator 

Johns Hopkins University 

SAIS Bologna Center 

Development Office 

Via Belmeloro 11 

40126 Bologna - Italy 

Tel. +39 051 2917821 

Email: cronchi@jhubc.it 

31

Fellowships 

Students Learn Thanks to 

Donors’ Generosity 

The geographical assortment in our student 

body is one of the key elements which has 

always characterized the Bologna Center 

experience. Each year we welcome approximately 

190 young men and women from about 35 different 

countries. This diversity is an integral part of the 

Bologna Center experience because it gives students 

the opportunity to expose themselves to different 

worldviews, allowing the Center to maintain an 

inter-cultural dialogue and rigorous academic debate. 

To guarantee this diversity and to be able to 

attract a rich international mix of talented young people 

to the Bologna Center, fellowships are more vital 

than ever. In fact, offering partial or full tuition fellowships 

enables the Bologna Center to give bright 

students who might otherwise be unable to study at 

the Center the opportunity to represent their home 

country in a truly international setting. 

This is particularly true in hard economic times. 

The current economic crisis has influenced the strategic 

plans of local governments, foundations and corporations 

which have had to reduce charitable contributions 

in favor of other priorities. During the past 

two years many countries, including the UK, Austria 

and Italy, have cut their fellowships to the Bologna 

Center by more than $450,000. At the same time, 

every year approximately 75 percent of our student 

body requests financial aid. During the past academic 

year (2010-2011), almost half of our student body 

benefitted from fellowship support. With tuition at 

�29,580, this still remains the area of most significant 

need at the Center and, we are proud to say, the 

largest item underwritten by the contributions of 

alumni and friends. 

Fellowships play an important role at the 

Bologna Center, and while funding is important, a 

fellowship often means much more to a student than 

a simple monetary contribution. We encourage our 

donors to establish a deeper relationship with 

Bologna students that last throughout their professional 

lives. The Center can facilitate meetings intro- 

ducing donors to the students they are funding, and 

help to maintain contact with students even after they 

leave Bologna to pursue their own careers. 

Last year we were able to organize fourteen fellowship 

ceremonies, giving recipients the opportunity 

to meet personally with the donors who make their 

education possible. For many of them, as you can see 

from their statements below, this was a unique occasion 

to connect with the individual, class, or corpora- 

tion which allowed them to attend the Bologna 

Center. 

For these reasons we would like to thank all of 

you who have supported our Fellowship Campaign. 

Xiao Xu (BC11, China) 

Maria and Robert Evans Fellowship 

“I always knew I wanted to come to SAIS, but without 

financial aid the decision would have been so 

much more difficult. I didn’t expect the opportunity to 

actually meet my donor Mrs. Evans, but it was 

absolutely a delight! For me it was wonderful to be 

able to extend my gratitude to her in person, and to 

learn about her family connection with China. She 

even invited me to visit her this Christmas when I’ll 

be in DC!” 

Marco Zefferino (BC11, Italy) 

Enzo Grilli Memorial Fellowship by Banca d’Italia 

“Receiving a full-tuition scholarship has, no doubt, 

been a determining factor for my future. Upon 

receiving the award, not only did I feel proud and 

honored to be selected, I knew that through this 

scholarship I would be able to pursue my dreams and 

ambitions in the field of International Relations. Not 

only did this important scholarship allow me to 

attend SAIS, but it also gave me the honor of an 

opportunity to me to meet Mario Draghi, Governor 

of the Bank of Italy. This was a unique occasion for 

me to meet one of Italy’s most prestigious leaders.” 

1 - Enzo Grilli Memorial Fellowship by Banca d’Italia 

2 - Henry Tesluk Fellowship 

3 - German Alumni Fellowship 

4 - Maria and Robert Evans Fellowship 

5 - Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna Fellowship 

6 - Mario Possati Fellowship 

7 - Class of 1971 Fellowship 

8 - Unicredit Banca Fellowship 

9 - UK Charitable Trust Fellowship 

10 - Marco and Maria Carla Dell’Aquila Fellowship 

10 9 

32 The Johns Hopkins University - SAIS - Bologna Center 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8

The First Research Projects Supported by the 

Fred Hood Research Fund 

The Fred Hood Research Fund was 

officially established in July 2010 

with the dual aim of supporting the 

research activities of Ph.D. and MAIA 

students at the Bologna Center by 

contributing towards research costs such 

as travel to conferences or the purchase of 

research publications as well as 

commemorating Fred Hood’s love for his 

own research, the Bologna Center, and the 

city of Bologna itself. 

Fred was an MAIA student in Bologna 

from 2002 to 2004. He was an extremely 

gifted student and chose to enter the Ph.D. 

program initially at SAIS Washington 

before returning to the Bologna Center from 

2005 to 2007. 

Today we are very proud to announce 

the first research projects supported by the 

Fred Hood Research Fund. 

As many of you know, the Bologna 

Center welcomes a few Ph.D. students 

each year, usually two to four, to conduct 

their research at the Center under the 

supervision of Bologna faculty members. 

Zsofia Barta (BC06/DC07, Hungary) 

is a Ph.D. student at the London School of 

Economics and is also conducting research 

at the European University Institute in 

Florence on European Political Economy 

and Political Science. She spent a year in 

Bologna working on her thesis which 

focuses on fiscal policy and debt accumulation, 

under the supervision of Professors 

Erik Jones and Vera Negri Zamagni. 


As part of her research activity, she was 

encouraged by her supervisors to participate 

in the 12th Biennial European Union 

Studies Association Conference, EUSA, 

an international conference held in Boston 

on March 3-5, 2011 focusing on the economic 

crisis. At the conference, she presented 

a paper, titled “When Does Debt Get 

Scary? The Economic and Political Aspects 

of Debt Sustainability,” on the way public 

perceptions about the riskiness of public 

debt influence stabilization efforts. The conference 

was an important opportunity for 

Zsofia and fit very well with the research 

she is conducting at the Bologna Center. 

“The panel in which I presented my 

paper was titled “Ideas, Learning and 

Uncertainty in Times of Economic Crisis,” 

explains Zsofia. “The panel hosted papers 

that investigated the ideational aspects of 

the policy reactions and institutional consequences 

of the financial crisis in Europe, 

with a special emphasis on the role of learning 

and uncertainty.” 

“My own paper was linked to the panel’s 

theme through its focus on uncertainty. It 

discussed the difficulties involved in judging 

developed countries’ creditworthiness and 

their ability to sustain public debt, after the 

economic downturn and the sovereign debt 

crises of 2010 had dispelled the illusion that 

developed countries will never default on 

their debt. It underlines that uncertainty 

about a given country’s willingness to service 

its debt in the future on time and in full 

places a much stronger constraint on the 

maximum level of safe debt than uncertainty 

about its ability to pay and goes on to 

explore the ways in which markets assess 

willingness to pay. It reviews the rating 

methodologies of the leading sovereign rating 

agencies and shows that political aspects 

of policy making is likely to be subjected to 

much stronger scrutiny in the future by creditors 

than before the crisis. I received favorable 

feedback from the other participants 

and the audience with plenty of good ideas 

on how to develop this idea further.” 

In April 2011 another Bologna Center 

Ph.D. student, Saskia van Genugten 

(BC07/DC08, the Netherlands) who is working 

on a dissertation on the history of and 

current Italian and British relations with 

Libya, was able to attend the European 

Research Seminar organized by the SAIS 

European Studies Department in Washington 

D.C. During the seminar the Ph.D. students 

enrolled in the program, presented their 

work-in-progress, and discussed it with key 

faculty members and several M.A. students 

who are potentially interested in joining the 

SAIS European Studies Ph.D. program. 

For an update on the Fred Hood 

Research Fund see page 41. 

Classmates, friends and students of Fred 

who are interested in joining the initiative 

should visit jhubc.it/Hood or contact 

development@jhubc.it. 

33

The Bologna Center Class of 2011 

Student Enrichment Fund 

At the end of their year in Bologna, 

the Class of 2011 decided to leave 

its mark on the Center by establishing 

a “Student Enrichment Fund.” In 

doing so, they join the community of 

Bologna Center donors while developing 

a sense of cooperation and working 

toward a common goal. Their goal is to 

establish a $100,000 endowment to offer 

future classes at the Center the opportunity 

to enrich their own experience at the 

Bologna Center by addressing students’ 

unique interests from year to year. 

They also hope that their initiative will 

spur future classes to contribute independently 

to the Student Enrichment Fund in 

order to accelerate the realization of the goal. 

The Student Government announced 

the initiative to the class in May 2011: 

“The Class of 2011 Gift is the 

establishment of a Student Enrichment 

Fund to provide financial support for 

future student-led initiatives. These could 

include, but are not limited to: hosting 

conferences, inviting guest speakers to the 

Bologna Center, organizing academic 

trips or awarding fellowships. 

Though we realize that we pay significant 

tuition to attend SAIS, we also benefit 

from the philanthropy of past classes in 

the form of fellowships and building renovations, 

among other gifts. We’ve also 

seen some well-organized initiatives fall 

by the wayside because of financial shortcomings. 

By raising $100,000 dedicated 

to student-use over the next ten years, we 

can ensure that future student initiatives 

do not go wanting for funds. 

Furthermore, we hope that as the 

amount made available to students 

increases over time, students will be motivated 

to pursue ever more creative and 

ambitious initiatives, helping make their 

time in Bologna even more special... 

Even small contributions can make a 

big difference in achieving our goal: funding 

future student initiatives and leaving a 

legacy as the Bologna Center Class of 

2011.” 

As of today the class has raised $5,507 

(including outright gifts and pledges); take a 

look at page 40 to see the list of class members 

who have already supported the initiative. 

Contributions and pledges can be made 

online or with the contribution form downloadable 

from the class web page. 

Members of the Class of 2011 who 

would like to get involved in the 

initiative should visit 

jhubc.it/classinitiative2011 or contact 

Elan Bar (BC11, U.S./UK) at 

elan.bar@gmail.com, Ezra Kidane 

(BC11, U.S.) at eakidane@gmail.com 

or development@jhubc.it. 


Grazie a tutti voi! 

We would like to thank each and every one of our donors for gifts and commitments 

made in fiscal year 2011 (from July 1, 2010 through June 30, 2011). 

Donor lists are checked carefully each year; in the unfortunate event of an error, please notify us at development@jhubc.it 

CORPORATIONS, 

FOUNDATIONS 

AND ORGANIZATIONS 

American International Group, 

Inc. 

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Associated Jewish Community 

Federation of Baltimore 

Associazione Italo-Americana 

Austrian Ministry of Culture 

Austrian National Bank 

Banca D’Italia 

The Bank of America 

Foundation 

Barclays Capital 

BlackRock Inc. 

Blue Foundation 

Blue Ridge Capital LLC 

Bologna Fiere 

J.F. and S.S. Brown Family 

Fund of the New York 

Community Trust 

Caxton Europe Asset 

Management Ltd 

Citizens Charitable Foundation 

City of Vienna 

The Community Foundation for 

the National Capital Region 

Compagnia di San Paolo 

DAAD 

Datalogic S.p.A. 

ENEL S.p.A. 

ENI S.p.A. 

ExxonMobil Foundation 

Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund 

Fondazione del Monte di 

Bologna e Ravenna 

Fondazione della Cassa di 

Risparmio in Bologna 

Fritz Thyssen Stiftung 

GE Foundation 

Ginsburg-Stern Philanthropic 

Fund 

Goldman Sachs & Co. 


David L. Jegen and Cynthia 

L. Greene Fund 

IBM International Foundation 

Invest In Others Charitable 

Foundation 

The Investment Fund for 

Foundations 

Konrad Adenauer Stiftung 

Kraft Foods Foundation 

Helen C. Low Trust 

Marposs S.p.A. 

Jill McGovern & Steven Muller 

Fund 

Joseph Krainer Memorial 

Foundation 

The McGraw-Hill Companies, 

Incorporated 

MCI Management Center 

Innsbruck 

Mead Johnson Nutritional Group 

The New York Community Trust 

Northern Trust Company 

Charitable Trust 

Novartis US Foundation 

PNC Bank Foundation 

Simpson Investment Company 

Translation Management Ltd. 

UBS Warburg 

UK Charitable Trust 

Unindustria Bologna 

Vanguard Charitable 

Endowment Program 

Verein der Freunde und 

Foerderer des Bologna Center 

Stephen and Kajal Vicinelli 

Charitable Fund 

Victor M. Parachini Family Fund 

Walt Disney Company 

Foundation 

Wascher Partner NV 

Washington Foundation for 

European Studies 

Wells Fargo Foundation 

INDIVIDUAL 

CONTRIBUTORS 

Robert J. Abernethy 

Andrew D. Abrams 

Alexander and Margaret 

Albertine 

Ole E. Andreassen 

Edward B. Baker Jr., USN, Ret. 

Jacques and Katharina Bouhet 

Joseph F. Brown 

Cynthia Broydrick 

Irakli Burdiladze 

Kay F. Butler 

Joseph and Rita Cardillo 

Daryl Chan 

Simon Cooper 

Peter A. Donat 

David Dunleavy 

Mariane Dunne 

Sunny S. Dupree 

Dorothy C. Egan 

Giovanna Ellis 

R. Anthony Elson 

Nicolas T. Erni 

Maria Antonietta Evans 

Pamela P. Flaherty 

Laura A. Garner 

Bonnie L. Goldberg 

Lara M. Goldmark 

Michele Guzzinati 

Jeffrey K. Hall 

Jolynne Henning 

Adam J. Hertzman 

John P. Holden 

Greg M. Jacobs 

David L. Jegen 

R. L. Patrick Johnson 

Jennifer Kuzmuk 

Lynn M. Latham 

Roger S. Leeds 

Nicola Leonardi 

Maia K. Linask 

Helen C. Low 

Roger Lowenstein 

Raffaello Marsili 

Paul A. Matteucci 

Camilla B. McFadden 

Steven Muller and Jill E. 

McGovern 

Richard W. Murphy 

Helen M. O’Brien 

Victor M. Parachini Jr. 

R. Roderick Porter 

Stefano Possati 

Ann K. Randolph 

Scott and Elizabeth Rembold 

Amy Rhodes 

Margaret E. Rhodes 

Thomas Robertson 

Vanessa Sellers 

Robert S. Singer 

Salman Suhail 

Kathleen H. Tesluk 

Johanna Tuominen 

Elisabeth R. Turner 

David C. Unger 

Kaarina Valtasaari 

Stephen and Kajal Vicinelli 

Romano Volta 

James A. Von Klemperer 

Nicoletta Vuccino 

Carol Wasserman 

Benjamin Weber 

Gisela Wild 

Edward T. Wilson 

Chris Woolford 

Fernando E. Zumbado 

35

ALUMNI DONORS 

BY BOLOGNA 

CENTER CLASS 

CLASS OF 1956 

Francoise Desmasures-Monat 

Joseph M. Dukert 

Alton L. Jenkens 

Gianguido Lanzoni 

Hans W. Schoenberg 

Robert D. Ward 

CLASS OF 1957 

Reinhold H. Geimer 

Anton Konrad 

Howard H. Muson 

Claude C. Noyes 

Marco Piccarolo 

Gaetano Zucconi 

CLASS OF 1958 

David B. Hoffman 

Eugene J. Rosi 

Lucille A. Stephenson 

Joan L. Steves Ward 

CLASS OF 1959 

Peter F. Geithner 

Robert S. Ginsburg 

Francis M. Kinnelly 

Marilou M. Righini 

CLASS OF 1960 

Marc Bayot 

Robert L. Chamberlain 

Ludmilla K. Murphy 

Barbara C. Santoro 

Raffaele Santoro 

CLASS OF 1961 

Alexander J. De Grand 

T. Richard Fishbein 

Hans Reichelt 

Barbara Z. Wertheimer 

CLASS OF 1962 

Katherine Siemssen Batts 

Clarke Ellis 

Juergen Glueckert 

Shirley Van Buiren 

Klaus-Peter Wild 

CLASS OF 1963 

Evert A. Alkema 

Henner Ehringhaus 

Ellen Gilbert Freund 

Otto Grimm 

Daniel R. Headrick 

Andrew MacKechnie 

Robert K. Meahl 

Axel M. Neubohn 

Naneen Neubohn 

William P. Owen 

Anna Pellanda 

CLASS OF 1964 

Robert W. Hull 

L. Brewster Jackson II 

Don K. Jones 

Marjorie W. Lundy 

Robert L. Mott 

Peter R. Pearce 

Francesco Pettini 

Robert F. Vandenplas 

Herman Warnier 

Jack G. Wasserman 

Anne C. Webb 

Graz 

CLASS OF 1965 

Dorothy J. Black 

Joan Ellen Corbett 

Herwig J. Cornelis 

Herbert Geissler 

Sung H. Hahm 

Hans-Georg Landfermann 

Klaus Leven 

Roger Lowenstein 

J. Hugh McFadden 

Francois L. Meinier 

Heinz Opelz 

Merle B. Opelz 

Erich Spitaeller 

Herbert Traxl 

Denise Van Hentenrijk 

Bernd Wimmer 

CLASS OF 1966 

Bonita B. Furner 

Janice Louise Goertz 

Allan M. Groves 

Craig L. Hudson 

H. Richard Hurren 

Bastiaan R. Korner 

Wolfgang Mayer 

John E. McLaughlin 

Christopher Meyer 

Marilyn Ann Meyers 

Stephen Rosenberg 

Peter P. Schwarz 

Drury R. Sherrod III 

Pedro N. Solares 

Candace J. Sullivan 

Henricus Van der Vlugt 

Ann Miller Watkins 

CLASS OF 1967 

Charles S. Ahlgren 

Paul Avontroodt 

Willem A. Castelyns 

Richard E. Cohn 

Theodore A. Delvoie 

Peter A. Flaherty 

Margaret C. Jones 

Allen L. Keiswetter 

John F. Kordek 

Bruno Lafuma 

Lynne Foldessy Lambert 

W. Alan Messer 

Sally A. Shelton-Colby 

Richard H. Stollenwerck 

Roberto Toscano 

Bonnie S. Wilson 

CLASS OF 1968 

Dennis J. Amato 

Peter C. Bloch 

Sheppard Craige 

Warren J. Devalier 

Gunter Erker 

Keith A. Hansen 

Patrick H. Harper 

Kurt O. Hengl 

Jaqueline Lafon Hengl 

D. Thomas Longo 

Frank J. Piason 

James F. Rafferty 

Laurence Schloesing-Colchester 

Eric H. Smith 

Lazare Tannenbaum 

CLASS OF 1969 

Leonardo Baroncelli 

Georgia Santangelo Derrico 

Olga Grkavac 

Carlo Trezza 

CLASS OF 1970 

Raymond V. Arnaudo 

Dorie Guess Behrstock 

Mary Wilson Chaves 

Barry Cohen 

George L. Deyman 

Monica Gruder Drake 

Christine B. Giangreco 

Paul-Marie Jacques 

Mark R. Kushner 

Douglas W. Lister 

Jurgen H. Ranzmayer 

Aldo Siragusa 

Cynthia Prussing Sonstelie 

CLASS OF 1971 

Samir R. Abiad 

Ulrich R. Baumgartner 

Andrew R. Brackenbury 

William B. Broydrick 

David Ellwood 

Richard W. Erdman 

Henriette C. Feltham 

Heidrun-Ute Hesse-Tincani 

Peter Kessler 

Susan F. Kessler 

Charla McCracken 

Elizabeth Davenport McKune 

Eric D. K. Melby 

Raymond Purcell 

Daniel Rowland 

Eve D. Trezza 

Sherman B. Wilson 

CLASS OF 1972 

Linda Sue Hearne 

Douglas R. Norell 

Arturo M. Ottolenghi 

C. Christopher Parlin 

Bonnie Potter 

Amos Tincani 

Geert E. Van Brandt 

James V. Zimmerman 

Hanns Zoellner 

CLASS OF 1973 

David J. Brooke 

Karen S. Brown 

Theresa M. Chen 

Donald J. Hasfurther 

Bianca Lattuada 

Edouard Maciejewski 

Rozanne D. Oliver 

Francis F. Ruzicka 

Alan B. Sielen 

Bruce E. Stokes 

Joseph Vogten 

CLASS OF 1974 

J. David Hoppe 

Michael B. Jones 

Valentina Jones-Wagner 

Alan Konefsky 

Marsha R. Runningen 

Elizabeth Caldwell Seastrum 

Peter L. Tropper 

Sandra J. Tropper 

CLASS OF 1975 

Hareb M. Al-Darmaki 

Veronica Baruffati 

Joyce Bratich-Cherif 

Pamela B. Gavin 

Robert W. Jenkins 

CLASS OF 1976 

Katharine M. Hartley 

Renzo M. Morresi 

Christopher S. Pfaff 

CLASS OF 1977 

Constantijn Bakker 

Christof Ebersberg 

Mark J. Fidelman 


Bennet R. Goldberg 

David L. Haettenschwiller 

Clare Muñana 

Gregory V. Powell 

CLASS OF 1978 

Cesare Calari 

Alain L. Grisay 

Jennifer Innes 

Daniel S. Lipman 

Ronald K. Lorentzen 

Patrick B. Pexton 

John B. Rand 

Stephen E. Stambaugh 

CLASS OF 1979 

Jennifer Innes 

Noah R. Levy 

Thomas J. Row Jr. 

Harlan M. Sender 

Hilda H. Tsang 

CLASS OF 1980 

Leonard F. M. Besselink 

Janet G. Francisco 

William S. Grueskin 

Thomas K. Hanshaw 

Lawrence Y. Kay 

Geraldine P. Kelly 

Wendy L. Roehrich-Hall 

Lars C. Rosdahl 

Christa L. Thomas 

Hans-Markus Von Schnurbein 

Martin Westlake 

CLASS OF 1981 

James Anderson 

Alexei R. Bayer 

Michael C. Bergmeijer 

Michael L. Ellis 

Robert O. Gurman 

Roger Knox Hardon 

Ludwig Heuse 

Brad Ivie 

Dean E. Murphy 

Gianni William Sellers 

Louis C. Solimine 

Bart Stevens 

Hasan F. Teoman 

Thomas B. Tesluk 

Kay Alison Wilkie 

CLASS OF 1982 

Ann M. Beckman 

Michael C. Bergmeijer 

Alexander A. Biner 

James Thomas Dunne 

Jean Ann Kelly 

Jean S. Luning-Johnson 

Harold Joseph Rose 


John David Rosin 

Erika B. Teoman 

Brian Charles Tobin 

CLASS OF 1983 

Martin Fraenkel 

Richard P. Gildea 

Thomas Jetter 

Lieve Lowet 

Catherine Lieber Shimony 

Arthur N. Stern 

Ingrid Valentini-Wanka 

Christopher Yurkovsky 

ie 

CLASS OF 1984 

Lawrence R. Fioretta 

Christine Fitterer 

Yoon-Young Lee 

Bruce A. Lowry 

Bruce W. Morrison 

Shelley H. Richardson 

CLASS OF 1985 

Sandra L. Babcock 

Gwen A. Bondi 

Marco Dell’Aquila 

Anne Weiner Erni 

Victoria M. Griffith 

Alan R. Henning 

Craig Seiler Hevey 

Alan R. Hoffman 

Nils Johnson 

Michelle D. Onello 

Rhys W. Robinson 

Francis M. Smyth 

Matthew C. Sola 

Susanne M. Thore 

Hans W. Vriens 

CLASS OF 1986 

Amy M. Bliss 

Peter A. Burbank 

Sally Dore 

Hannelore Gantzer 

Suzanne Justus 

Melissa G. Moye 

Dennis Lee Richards 

Charlotte Ruhe 

Alison M. Von Klemperer 

Harrison M. Wadsworth III 

Rebecca S. Williams 

Rhys H. Williams 

CLASS OF 1987 

Michael S. Bosco 

Joachim Fels 

Jan H. Keppler 

Rosa Kim 

John V. Parachini 

Edmund M. Ruffin 

Miroslaw Stachowicz 

Richard M. Strean 

Emese Szontagh 

Lawrence J. Wippman 

CLASS OF 1988 

Karl-Olof Andersson 

Keir B. D. Bonine 

Arthur D. Boyd, Jr. 

Margaretha A. Dehandschutter 

Jeannine E. Johnson-Maia 

Vinca Showalter LaFleur 

Helene J. Rekkers 

Christel Van den Eynden 

Henric J. Van Weelden 

Anthony M. Zamparutti 

CLASS OF 1989 

Capucine Carrier 

Pietro del Bono 

Leanne D. Galati 

Matthew R. Grund 

Ajay Kaisth 

Daniela Kaisth 

Sarah L. Kaplan 

Norbert Knittlmayer 

Susan E. Matteucci 

Anneliese Monden 

Georg Oberreiter 

Lesley A. Parachini 

Yvette Rosa Pintar 

Torun Reinhammar 

Adrian D. Trevisan 

Marta Costanzo Youth 

CLASS OF 1990 

Ellen L. Alderton 

John B. Coates IV 

Laurence L. Delcoigne 

Jane C. Delfendahl 

Nina M. Gafni 

Eric L. Johnson 

Asiye D. Jones 

Nathaniel I. Land 

Anne Martinez 

Kristin Olson McKissick 

Kimberly M. Murphy 

Beth Marie O’Laughlin 

Andrea R. Petznek 

Sara K. Pinto 

Axel Ruyter 

Michaela Sulke-Trezek 

Lynn M. Wagner 

CLASS OF 1991 

Max S. Atanassov 

Miguel A. Barron 

Oliver K. Drews 

Carl W. Gardiner III 

Ali-Sevket Karaca 

Isabelle Krauss 

Simone Mesner 

Helene Morel de Westgaver 

Marcelle F. O’Connell 

Paul V. Oliva 

Melanie A. Posey 

Jennifer L. Reingold 

Christian B. A. Smekens 

Scott T. Stevens 

James A. Upton 

Kurt G. H. Vandenberghe 

Milya Vered 

CLASS OF 1992 

Gudmundur Audunsson 

Oliver K. Drews 

James A. Egan 

Claudia Fumo 

Esteban Garcia de Motiloa 

Elizabeth J. Goldstein 

Anthony J. Harper 

Catherine C. Jarmain 

Lars V. Larson 

Christopher W. Loewald 

Cynthia Marshall 

Amy H. Medearis 

Terry A. Pratt 

Mark A. Quinn 

Annabel T. Sels 

Peter A. Thornton 

Turgut A. Tokgoz 

Shin Umezu 

Laura Rochelle Weir 

CLASS OF 1993 

Andreas Altmann 

Stefano Bertozzi 

Amanda C. Blakeley 

Abigail Golden-Vazquez 

Benjamin E. Hein 

Richard P. Price 

Juliet M. Sampson 

Steven G. Shafer 

Merril A. Springer 

Abby R. Turk 

CLASS OF 1994 

Calvin E. Blount, Jr. 

Carl E. Garrett 

Susannah L. Gold 

Nathalie Goujon 

Adriana C. Gradea 

Julia H. Messitte 

CLASS OF 1995 

Eden Abrahams 

Michaela Bastianini-Hartl 

Katherine F. Buckley 

Monica Garaitonandia 

Raf Goovaerts 

37

Virginia B. Gorsevski 

Jenny Hodgson 

Bernd-Roland Killmann 

Elisabeth J. King 

Olivier P. Knox 

Stephen T. Loynd 

Dennis J. McAuliffe, Jr. 

Virginia S. Volpe 

CLASS OF 1996 

Christine L. Abrams 

Benjamin C. Canavan 

Cory V. Gnazzo 

Laurie M. Guzzinati 

Karissa T. Kovner 

Thomas R. Palumbo 

Charles L. Park 

Jeffrey D. Sigal 

CLASS OF 1997 

Tara Billingsley 

E. Scott Bloom 

David G. Dayhoff 

Cynthia L. Greene 

Elizabeth Madigan Jost 

CLASS OF 1998 

Ross Ciesla 

Leslie M. Hand 

Yvette Saint-Andre 

Robert Arthur Stowe 

Arlinda Ymeraj 

CLASS OF 1999 

Anne P. Alikonis 

Anne E. Andreassen 

Christina V. Balis 

Stefano Frascani 

Rachele Gianfranchi 

Anne Hassberger 

Alexander C. Ruck Keene 

Carlotta Zucchini Leonardi 

Eric T. Morhenn 

Peter F. Taylor 

Olga L. Weber 

Henrik L. Weng 

Jennifer L. Weng 

CLASS OF 2000 

Beverly F. Barrett 

Laura E. Forlano 

Vanessa A. Friedman 

Kristin Greene 

Thea Jokhadze 

Janice M. Starzyk 

Jonathan Starzyk 

Christopher J. Wild 

CLASS OF 2001 

Andre Aasrud 

Armando Anfosso 

Amelia F. Branczik 

Jane Buchanan 

Vincent Cipollone 

Christa Clapp 

Josafat De Luna-Martinez 

Jessica A. Dodson 

Niclas During 

Mathias Eikseth 

Gianluca Esposito 

Joy L. Frey 

Jenny Glueckert 

Samantha Davis Goldstone 

Jostein Hoel 

Daniel E. Ingber 

Natasha Kapil 

Jeremy Levine 

Johanna Lundberg 

Anne Mardiste 

Mayagozel Meredova 

Victoria A. Nestor 

Yuki J. Osuga 

Scott J. Pietan 

Fernando Ramirez 

Verena Ringler 

Tom Ro 

Matthew J. Roberts 

E. Wynne Rumpeltin 

Ana Carolina San Martin 

David G. Schacht 

Emine Etili Serter 

Asmaa Shalabi 

William Shield 

Elyse K. Stratton 

Eric Sundstrom 

Martin G. Von Jungenfeld 

Matthew P. Windrum 

Melody O. Woolford 

CLASS OF 2002 

Roman Didenko 

Ariel F. Ivanier 

Fabrizio Jacobellis 

Andrew W. Jones 

Charalambos Konstantinidis 

Afsheen Lebastchi 

Kevin Z. Thurston 

Stefanie Weitz 

CLASS OF 2003 

Jennifer C. Arnold 

L. Headley Butler 

Charles C.W. Carter 

Pavlo Chernyshenko 

Alastair Coutts 

Blair Glencorse 

Johan Gott 

Julie D. Hackett 

Jessica M. Holzer 

Caitlin Hughes 

Catherine P. Jones 

Eleanor T. Keppelman 

Mary E. Kissel 

Andrew T. Natenshon 

Caryn A. Nesmith 

Peter F. O’Brien 

Grant E. Rissler 

Fiona Stewart 

Pier D. Tortola 

Saverio Grazioli Venier 

Sheila R. Ward 

CLASS OF 2004 

Kristof A.F. Abbeloos 

Miladin Bogetic 

David R. Ciulla 

Alastair Coutts 

Joost Gorter 

Eirin Kallestad 

Caitlyn H. Kim 

Kahlil Lozoraitis 

David M. Moore 

Marc Schleifer 

Saverio Grazioli Venier 

CLASS OF 2005 

Marta Bruska 

Mey Bulgurlu 

Sladjana Cosic 

Hester M. DeCasper 

Laura Demetris 

Jonathan S. Dunn 

Christopher M. Kuzmuk 

Daniel J. McCartney 

Jennifer G. Tranter 

Partha Vasudev 

Michael D. Waldron 

CLASS OF 2006 

Alec D. Barker 

Daniel E. Birns 

Jane E. Bloom 

Donna M. Brutkoski 

Andrew W. Duff 

Reza Haidari 

Susan Kaur 

Casey C. Silva 

Liam L. Sullivan 

Matteo Vaccani 

Holger Phillip Wilms 

CLASS OF 2007 

Lisa Sofia Alf 

Scott M. Cantor 

Karen M. Goldfarb 

Timothy M. Hess 

Michael Heydt 

Emily S. Howells 

Murali M. Krishnan 

Abigail C. Lackman 

Jonathan F. Taylor 

CLASS OF 2008 

Inga H. Beie 

Umberto Boeri 

Edward F. Branagan 

Ross S. Campbell 

Michael William Casey, Jr. 

Michael Darling 

Aart J. Geens 

Emily Harter 

Ana Carolina Heeren 

John W. Jacobsen 

Harald Langer 

Arash Alexander Massoudi 

Chad G. Miner 

Jessica R. Morrison 

Irene Zissimos 

CLASS OF 2009 

Morgan Fiumi 

Richard Lechowick 

James H. McInerney 

Susann Tischendorf 

Jonathan Vogan 

CLASS OF 2010 

Adrienne R. Atkinson 

Joshua R. Nickell 

Edmond B. Saran 

Daniel M. Schneiderman 

CLASS OF 2011 

William Burke 

Ines Burckhardt 

Maria De Los Angeles 

Melano Paz 

Amy Hamblin 

Marijn Hoijtink 

Jerome Ingenhoff 

Ezra Kidane 

Courtney A. McCarty 

Daniel McCleary 

Zachary Olson 

Andrew Orihuela 

Bryan Schell 

Claire Slagis 

John Ulrich, Jr. 

Student Government 2011 

Austrian Ball Committee 2011 


A Special Thanks to Peter and 

Pamela Flaherty 

S AIS 

UPDATES 

alumni Pamela P. Flaherty (DC68, U.S.) 

and Peter A. Flaherty (BC67/DC68, U.S.) 

have complemented their long-standing 

leadership at SAIS and Johns Hopkins 

University with a generous $1 million contribution 

to launch the Dean’s Fellowship 

Program. Pamela and Peter Flaherty have a 

long history of service to SAIS and Johns 

Hopkins University. Pamela is the first 

woman and SAIS graduate to serve as chair 

of the JHU Board of Trustees. She is also a 

member of the SAIS Advisory Council, 

which Peter currently chairs. 

For the next five years, three exceptional 

M.A. students each year will receive two 

full years of tuition support to attend SAIS. 

The school will invite others to join the 

Flahertys to participate so this program can 

reach more students in the future. 

Beginning in fall 2012, two Dean’s 

Fellows will begin their studies in 

Washington, D.C., and one at the Bologna 

Center. 

The program will be open to incoming 

SAIS students of all nationalities as well as all 

professional and academic backgrounds. 

However, special consideration will be given 

to applicants pursuing joint or dual degrees 

with other Johns Hopkins University divisions. 

“We want SAIS to always be the logical 

choice for anyone with aspirations to play 

an important leadership role in the international 

affairs community, especially in the 

public policy arena,” says Peter Flaherty. “We 

do not want any outstanding candidate for 

SAIS to choose another institution based on 

financial considerations.” 

Congratulations 

to the Bologna Center 

Class of 1965! 

On the occasion of their 45th Class anniversary 

in 2010, the Bologna Class of 1965 

decided to celebrate this special reunion by 

naming a seminar room in the Center’s renovated 

building. 

In June 2011 the Class reached its goal 

leaving a permanent mark on the Center. 

Complimenti e grazie mille a tutti! 

Great Job, Bologna Center 

Class of 1971! 

On the occasion of their 30th anniversary in 

2001, the Bologna Class of 1971 decided to 

celebrate this special reunion by establishing a 

Fund at the Bologna Center which ensures in 

perpetuity a yearly Class of 1971 Fellowship. 

In 2011, ten years after this successful class 

effort, the class has decided to set a new goal 

of an additional $50,000 which would have 

significantly increased the fellowship’s amount. 

In a couple of months the Class has raised 

131% of its goal! 

Complimenti e grazie mille a tutti! 

Please note that the above are only the most recent Class Initiatives. To learn 

more about the approximately twenty ongoing Bologna Center Class Initiatives or 

to launch your own visit jhubc.it/classinitiatives or contact development@jhubc.it 


The Bologna Center Class of 1991 

Initiative in Memory of 

Timothy Allen Rhodes 

Purpose: Bologna Center Building Campaign 

– Bar Area in memory of Tim 

Goal: $20,000 

Raised to date: 65% 

Class participation: 9% 

A final push is needed to complete the job, 

visit jhubc.it/classinitiative1991 

The Bologna Center 

Class of 2001 Initiative: 

50% down, 50 to go! 

Purpose: Bologna Center Building Campaign 

– Bar Area 

Goal: $40,000 

Raised to date: 52% 

Class participation: 19% 

A final push is needed to complete the job, 

visit jhubc.it/classinitiative2001 

Fred Hood Research Fund 

Scores its $200,000 Goal! 

Thanks to a generous commitment 

by Gregor Feige (BC03/DC04, 

BREAKING 

NEWS! 

U.S.) and Jacquelyn Dille 

(BC03/DC04, U.S.), the Fund has 

reached its current goal. Gregor 

and Jacquelyn join Class of 2003 

leaders Peter O’Brien, Saverio Grazioli, and 

Headley Butler in challenging their classmates 

to help push the Fund toward a new goal of 

$300,000 by the time of their Class 10th 

anniversary celebration in Bologna in 2013. 

To contribute to the Class of 2003 

Anniversary Gift to the Fred Hood Research 

Fund, visit jhubc.it/Hood or contact 

development@jhubc.it 

39

Letter fromVeronica 

Last but not least, I think 

I will miss our students. 

The class changes every 

year, and each one has its 

own characteristics and 

interests. Nevertheless 

each year brings another 

crop of bright young 

hopefuls, full of ideas, 

dreams, requirements, 

demands even! 

Isuppose this is meant to be about my 

time spent gainfully employed here at 

the Bologna Center but really the story 

starts earlier than that, in fact many, many 

years ago. I was in Washington in the early 

70’s and had just seen my future spouse 

scrunched by an enormous marine on a 

rugby field, not a pleasant sight. It was 

SAIS rugby versus the Marine Corps. SAIS 

was a bit short of players and so Patrick had 

been drafted in by Roger Leeds as a ringer, 

I mean what else do Welshmen do but play 

rugby? This was the start of a life long association 

with SAIS both DC and BC. 

As everyone knows, life in Bologna 

starts with a language course, or it did back 

in 1977 when Wil Kohl was director. We 

arrived the summer of 1977, when there 

was to be a mass gathering of students from 

all over Italy in Bologna, Il Movimento. It 

was a time of great debates and speeches, 

amazing street theater. There were demonstrations 

every week, some of which were 

not in the least peaceful, tear gas was a 

familiar thing, riot police on Via Rizzoli, a 

bus burning on Via Zamboni. Piazza Verdi 

was the student HQ and Piazza Maggiore 

was given over to the Church, who had 

organized an Episcopal Conference that 

coincided with the student protests. 

Swirls of people would swarm from one 

place to another, remember this was not the 

time of cell phones and instant events. Few 

people even had a phone at home and the 

internet was a far dream, everything was 

done by word of mouth. While all this was 

going on I left to go to Africa for three 

months for work, and by the time I got back 

it had all but ended. But what an introduction! 

The Communist party was in power in 

Bologna, Zangheri was Mayor, but what an 

elegant communism it was, in fact the term 

‘cashmere communist’ seemed to fit. Other 

things that happened while we were here 

included the death of two Popes, the election 

of John Paul II, and the murder of Aldo 

Moro by the Red Brigades. It was a memorable 

two years but finally we returned to 


the peace and quiet of Washington and 

Philadelphia. 

We came back briefly in 1984, when 

Robert Gard was director, but the definitive 

move was in 1988, when Steve Low had 

taken over the helm, Patrick in the lead, and 

Kate and I trailing behind after I finished up 

my work in D.C. I continued working as an 

environmental consultant and in 1992, 

started as an adjunct professor teaching 

Environmental Policy, just in time for the 

Earth Summit in Rio and at about the time 

that Bob Evans became director of the 

Center. 

In 1997 I was made academic coordinator 

and assisted Bob Evans with curricular 

matters among other things. This administrative 

venture was enlarged to cover Student 

Affairs and also, after Tom Row’s departure 

for Vienna, the seminar series. Tom and I had 

taught a joint course for a few years before 

he left for Vienna, ‘Perspectives in World 

History’ the view from a historian and a scientist, 

great fun. During this time Bob Evans 

retired from the Bologna Center to become 

president of the American University in 

Rome. He was succeeded by Ambassador 

Marisa Lino, and she, in turn, by the present 

director, Ken Keller. 

Over the years I have seen many 

changes at the Center. The one that strikes 

me every morning is the renovation that the 

building itself has undergone. The original 

building was designed for 100 people and 

this limit had already been surpassed in the 

late 70’s. The bar, then run by Ivo, was 


smaller, as was the garden. The rooms were 

beginning to show signs of their heavy 

usage, but it wasn’t until student numbers 

increased to about 160 that Bob Evans 

decided that increased space and renovation 

were a necessary prerequisite for a modern 

graduate school. These aims were achieved 

while respecting the original design and 

completed in double quick time. 

The other changes are the fluctuations in 

the ‘popularity’ of the various concentrations 

offered here and the evolution of new 

options. There seem to be waves of interest 

There is a certain continuity 

in aspirations, interests that 

we can see develop into 

careers and friendships. 

in area studies; environment, energy and 

resources, international development, conflict 

management etc., that wax and wane 

with current events and career opportunities. 

The Center has expanded its offerings 

including Middle East Studies. The joint 

venture with UniBo, the CCSDD, has given 

our students the opportunity to study and 

work in post conflict zones. Associated with 

the courses are the faculty members that 

teach them. It has been a wonderful opportunity 

for me to work with these talented 

people, I’ve learned a lot. 

The enormous changes in facilities and 

the increase in the number of students could 

not be maintained without our staff. The 

advances in IT, the need to raise money (and 

the need to see it is well spent), the increasing 

library demands, the admissions and 

recruiting, the tracking of courses and transcripts, 

the links with alumni and the pressing 

needs of career counseling are now all 

part of an optimal degree program. Of 

course this requires vision for the future and 

planning to achieve the goals we set ourselves. 

I must say that I shall miss much of 

this, especially working with Alessandra on 

the seminar series. 

Last but not least, I think I will miss our 

students. The class changes every year, and 

each one has its own characteristics and 

interests. Nevertheless each year brings 

another crop of bright young hopefuls, full 

of ideas, dreams, requirements, demands 

even! There is a certain continuity in aspirations, 

interests that we can see develop into 

careers and friendships. 

I have made a lot of friends among the 

students, some of whom have become 

almost a second family. But it is time for me 

to make some changes in my own life, travel 

to the places I have long wished to visit, 

perhaps finish the two books I have left languishing 

for too long, rediscover the interests 

and hobbies I laid aside for other activities 

and spend more time in France and the 

USA as well. In other words enjoying doing 

what I want to do when I want to do it. 

So Bologna Center, it is time for me to 

say arriverderci e auguri and thank you for 

the last thirty odd years of our relationship. 

I leave you in good hands. 

In June Dr. Veronica I. Pye retired as 

Academic and Student Affairs coordinator 

and coordinator of the Bologna Center 

Seminar Series. 

During her career she has been director 

of the Environmental Assessment Council, 

Academy of Natural Sciences (1981-83); a 

lecturer at London University and at the 

Bologna Center; and the author of several 

publications on environmental policy including 

Groundwater Contamination in the United 

States, published by the University of 

Pennsylvania Press. 

From left: 

Elan Bar (BC11, U.S./UK), Matthew Carroll (BC11, U.S.), 

Veronica Pye. 

41

ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN 

CONFLICT STUDY TRIP 

by Bianca Silva 

An eight-day study trip during this 

year’s April Spring Break took twenty 

SAIS Bologna Center students to 

visit the territories of Israel and Palestine. Its 

aim was to allow students to supplement their 

knowledge of the area with on-the-ground 

experiences. 

Students across different concentrations 

including International Law, Strategic 

Studies, Conflict Management, and Middle 

East Studies, left the Bologna Center with 

some knowledge of the conflict and through 

this trip were able to combine their classroom 

knowledge with exposure to day-to-day realities. 

The result was that many returned—not 

with a solution in mind, as they’d expected— 

but instead with the fresh perspective that 

accompanies a greater understanding of the 

region’s complexities. 

Students Amy Hamblin (BC11, U.S.), 

Andrew Durkin (BC11, U.S.) and Jake Burke 

(BC11, U.S.) took the initiative to organize 

the trip. Since the first day Amy and Andrew 

met at SAIS the collaborative idea emerged, 

“Early on we had this conversation. It was 

very fortuitous and a long time in the works,” 

says Amy. 

Getting to know individuals involved in a 

conflict adds a new dimension. Amy explains 

how the understanding of the picture changed 

from “black and white with bronze strokes” 

to a more vivid one with “color and human 

elements” through “conversations that will 

resonate with us in the future.” 

This new picture emerged for students 

who explored narratives from both Israel and 

the Palestinian territories; attended meetings 

with prominent figures on both sides; 

engaged in cultural activities, every-day life, 

and tours; and looked at various issues central 

to one of the world’s most critical and 

long-standing conflicts. 

A jam-packed and dynamic itinerary 

brought students to Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, 

Bethlehem, Ramallah, Nazareth and Sderot, 

and some even managed to witness some of 

the Good Friday festivities. Each of these 

places promised (and delivered) interesting 

meetings with members of government and 

NGOs, and tours of cities and human rights 

organizations. Some of the main issues highlighted 

were human rights concerns, religion, 

border problems, concerns over refugees, and 

Israel’s security concerns. 

Among many, the group was able to hear 

from Dr. Salaam Fayyad, prime minister of 

the Palestinian National Authority; Daniel 

Taub, from the Israeli Ministry of Foreign 

Affairs; the mayor of a Jewish settlement in 

the West Bank; and Rick Waters, a political 

counselor at the U.S. Consulate. 

Other prominent figures students met 

included Sami Awad of the Holy Land Trust; 

Dr. Ghassan Khatib, director of the 

Government Media Centre; Alex Kouttabl, 

former communications director of the 

Negotiation Support Unit of the Peace- 

Security Council in Tel Aviv. 

Students in Jerusalem, photo by Elisabeth Mondl 

Students embarked on a tour of 

Bethlehem District refugee camps and a tour 

of the Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum; 

attended a meeting with Al-Haq, a Palestinian 

human rights organization; enjoyed a traditional 

Palestinian dinner in Ramallah organized 

by a Palestinian SAIS student; and even 

traveled to Sderot to meet with people who 

had been affected by Hamas rockets. They 

also met with an adviser to Hanan Ashrawi. 

“I felt we got a good sampling of perspectives,” 

says Amy, referring to an almost 

panoramic vision of the conflict which students 

obtained through experiencing a wide representation 

of views. Students were also able to 

formulate and express their own views. 

“There is an institutionalized peace 

process that operates in a way that doesn’t 

address the issues that need to be addressed, 

so the mechanism that is meant to bring 

people together pushes them apart,” says 

Andrew, explaining some of the frustrations 

he came across. 

When not engaged in meetings and talks, 

students were given the chance to interact 

with people from both sides of the conflict in 

everyday settings in addition to simply 

enjoying the natural beauty of the region, 

including the Dead Sea. 

Students fundraised for this occasion, 

organizing a barbeque and a professor “dinner 

auction” both of which were a success. In 

addition, a kind donor supported this student 

initiative.* 


Kyle Burgess (BC11, U.S.) organized 

the auction, and in response to the over 

�2,000 raised, Director Keller approached 

the organizers and orchestrated a match in 

funds, which went a long way to cover some 

of the buses, hotels and extra expenses. 

Apart from gathering the funds, the 

organization of appointments was a huge 

monster to slay, which Amy, Andrew and 

Jake managed to accomplish. “I’ve always 

wanted to go, but on my own the likelihood 

of going to Palestine wouldn’t have been 

guaranteed, nor would the opportunity to 

see people such as the prime minister of 

Palestine,” says Kyle. 

Amy and Andrew had hoped to provide 

alternative perspectives that would challenge 

student’s ideas without bowing to pessimism. 

And they felt this was achieved to a 

degree. Amy explains how life in Tel Aviv 

differs to life in Jerusalem and makes one 

abandon asssumptions, “One assumes it’s 

Students with Palestinian Prime Minister Salam Fayyad, photo by Elisabeth Mondl 

(the conflict) very active in all parts of the 

country, but you go into Tel Aviv and you 

would have no idea there was any conflict 

going on.” From the West Bank to an area 

affected by rockets, Amy felt one of the 

most defining experiences was arriving at 

the checkpoint and having to wait with the 

bus for two hours, despite being a group of 

international students. This gave students a 

taste of the barriers and unpredictability 

everyday people face. 

“It was a wonderful student initiative 

that put the entire conflict and all of its ram- 


ifications into perspective but because it 

was organized by SAIS Bologna Center 

students it was very fun. The two biggest 

highlights were probably going to see 

Hebron and see the reality of the controversy 

so close and also to juxtapose this with 

talking to the intellectual Israelis at their 

homes. The fun part was to see Jerusalem 

for the first time. Incredible,” says Matthew 

Carroll (BC11, U.S.). 

“Our hope is that other students will follow 

in this tradition,” say Amy and Andrew, 

explaining the work they have done to put 

together information to be able to hand off 

to some entrepreneurial incoming students. 

“It was the highlight of my education 

thus far and part of the reason is because it 

was supplemented with a course, so you 

went in having the academic background at 

an intellectual level, and then you got a 

chance to live and experience it firsthand,” 

says Amy. 

The trip attracted a range of different 

concentrations for the benefit of all. 

“Everyone came with unique interests, and 

each one of us had the opportunity to 

explore them in a practical way,” says 

Andrew. 

“I think a lot of us were interested in 

coming out with a better idea on resolving the 

conflict and came out with the idea that the 

more information you have the harder it is to 

solve,” says Kyle Burgess. “The trip did a 

good job of spending time on both sides.” 

Kyle took interest in the community in 

Ariel where there are disputes over the 

workers and the struggle where Palestinians 

are employed by Israelis and many 

Palestinians boycott those products despite 

the fact that the factories employ 

Palestinians. Another area of interest was 

the housing issues in Jerusalem over permits 

and space and how Palestinians struggle to 

make the necessary extensions to be able to 

house their growing families. 

“The dynamics are interesting in that 

both sides have something that the international 

community doesn’t understand...what 

we think is a long time is not that long for 

them,” says Kyle referring to the start of the 

conflict and juxtaposing it to Western concepts 

of time. 

“The trip intended to help formulate your 

own opinions and sift through the politics 

involved, through third parties,” says Jason 

Graffam–Henriquez (BC11, U.S.). “Everyone 

kept saying it’s complicated, and it is.” 

“Hebron was interesting. We as 

Westerners were put in the uncomfortable 

situation people there deal with every day. 

The city was imbued with a sense of tension 

which has a visceral impact when it comes 

to debate on the conflict,” Jason says. 

On a lighter note, both Kyle and Jason 

raved about the humus. 

* Thanks to the support of alumnus Jack 

Wasserman (BC64, U.S.) and his wife, 

Carol, the Bologna Center has implemented, 

over the past couple of years, a new ethnic 

conflict studies program aiming at understanding 

how ethnic factors figure into what 

international affairs—the Israel-Palestine 

study trip is just one example of how this 

support is translated to tangible learning 

experiences on the ground. 

Bianca Silva (BC11, South Africa) is a secondyear 

M.A. student concentrating in Energy, 

Resources and the Environment. She completed 

a B.A. in politics and journalism and 

media studies at Rhodes University and a 

B.A. (hons) at the University of Cape Town in 

International Relations. Bianca has worked as 

a freelance journalist with West Cape News, 

based in Cape Town. 

43

For more than a decade, Bologna 

Center students have single-handedly 

published the Bologna Center Journal of 

International Affairs (BCJIA), an academic 

journal that presents the work of both 

graduate students and established scholars. 

The editorial staff issues the call to 

authors, selects the papers, and edits and 

assembles the final product. The result is 

a volume that is a useful and significant 

contribution to the literature. 

The 2011 Journal staff chose the 

challenging theme of leadership for their 

publication. As Kenneth H. Keller 

remarked in the Journal’s Director’s 

Note, “not surprisingly, it is easier to analyze 

what has (or has not) worked than 

it is to foresee what will (or will not) 

work when it comes to leadership or 

leadership style.” 

Whatever the theme, each year the 

Journal embodies an important dimension 

in the dialogue that is at the heart 

of a SAIS education. It has become a tradition 

and is a source of constant satisfaction 

for the SAIS community. 

by OBR 

Members of the BCJIA staff and student contributors (not all inclusive) 

Top from left:�Klaas Hinderdael, Joe Da Silva, Hugo Cervantes, Courtney McCarty, Jessica Stallings, John Ulrich 

Bottom from left:�Jessica Lee, Jimena Serrano, Christina Politi, Samuel George, Emilia Galiano, Philipp Panizza, 

Kalina Oroschakoff, Matthew Carroll 

The Journal… 

According to Sam 

2011 Issue: LEADERSHIP 

by Samuel George 

The Journal 

Final copies of the 2011 SAIS Bologna 

Center Journal of International Affairs 

arrived on campus at roughly the same time 

as The Royal Wedding. I am not sure if I 

subconsciously expected similar fanfare for 

the unveiling of the journal as for Prince 

William’s ceremony, but something about 

the moment felt anticlimactic. Sure, the 

journal cover looked sharp, and I could 

relax my lingering fear that we had spelled 

somebody’s name wrong. But, as I inspected 

the journal from all angles as a jeweler 

might a new stone, I couldn’t help but wonder 

if this single volume was worth it all. 

Worth eight months of meetings, submeetings, 

debates, deadlines, troubleshooting, 

politicking, outreaching, fundraising, 

proofreading, then proofreading the proofreading 

for a piece that would eventually be 

discarded because it did not fit our ‘vision.’ 

Would all this time have been better spent 

on a beach in Rimini with a limoncello? 

Was it worth it? 

Absolutely. 

As I flipped through the pages, passing 

from the words of former Italian Prime 

Minister Romano Prodi, to those of SAIS 

students such as Jimena Serrano Pardo 

(BC11, Colombia), I began to understand 

the BC Journal as an expression of the best 

of SAIS. We are a professional school 

based on rigorous academic requirements. 

Some of us will land in academia, but the 

majority will not. Many SAIS students 

aspire to affect change in systems ranging 

from diplomacy to development to energy 

reform. Theoretically, SAIS prepares such 

professionals with a profound intellectual 

understanding of practical concerns. 

It is one thing to read such statements in 

SAIS recruitment brochures. It is quite 

another to hold the physical manifestation 

of such results-oriented academic prowess 

in one’s hands. The journal, now completing 

its 14th year of publication, is proof that 

when we do change the world, we will do 

so with a thorough, nuanced and informed 

understanding of complicated issues. 


The Team 

In my experience, there is little institutional 

memory at the Bologna Center. With very 

few students spending more than a year in 

Italy, the Journal is essentially a feat of 

reverse engineering. The day after being 

elected editor-in-chief I was presented with 

various editions from previous years and I 

began to work backwards, trying to figure 

out exactly what goes into producing a 

‘prestigious academic journal.’ 

It turns out, the key to success is teamwork, 

and if I did anything right as editorin-chief, 

it was selecting (convincing?) the 

right people to join the staff. At our first 

group meeting in October 2010, we passed 

around older journals and grappled with 

how one might make a new one. By our 

third meeting, we had created a fully functioning 

editing team, copy editing team, 

public relations team, an outreach 

team…with another few weeks we probably 

could have fielded a football team. 

Our masthead features forty-four 

names. If we add the eight contributing 

authors, more than 25 percent of the 

Bologna Center Class of 2011 is officially 

recognized in the journal. Not only do many 

hands make light work, but the ability of the 

staff to generate student participation 

ensured that the 2011 journal is a truly representative 

effort. 

Executive editor Joe Da Silva (BC11, 

U.S.) helped manage the staff and took to 

heart our goal of publishing the absolute 

best scholarship available at SAIS. He lobbied 

for a scholarship award for an outstanding 

SAIS BC submission. I was reluctant 

at first—wouldn’t the prestige of being 

published in a SAIS academic journal be 

enough incentive to attract student submissions? 

But in the end we announced a $700 

award, and the move paid significant dividends, 

generating nearly forty student submissions—to 

our knowledge, an unprecedented 

number. 

This windfall would tax the editing 

team and process created by managing editor 

Matthew Carroll (BC11, U.S.), but his 

intellectual dedication combined with his 

team-building skills insured that each piece 

passed through a series of reviews before 

final selections. 

Joint chiefs of copy editing Courtney 

McCarty (BC11, U.S.) and Jessica 

Stallings (BC11, U.S.) also deserve special 

mention. Their copy editing team had 

about two weeks to perfect all the final 

submissions—no small task, especially 

considering that many contributors write 

English as a second language. Fortunately, 


they had built a well trained, dedicated 

team prepared for crunch time. Long hours 

were put in, but the results are solid. 

Finally, Jessica Lee (BC11, U.S.) led a 

successful fundraising campaign, featuring 

penthouse wine tastings beneath Italian 

moonlight, beer hall trivia nights, and a 

rousing ‘public’ auction. We wanted to be 

aggressive with our budget, and Jessica’s 

work allowed us to expand while completely 

refilling our coffers. 

We perceived a world 

approaching a turning point. 

The financial crisis revealed 

our collective vulnerability, 

and left deep economic and 

psychological scars. 

The War on Terror has 

produced some tenuous 

successes, and some 

impregnable quagmires. 

With the Arab Spring 

in early 2011, it seemed 

a good part of the globe 

was demanding change— 

but what change? 

And led by whom? 

The Goals 

As a team, we sought 1) to produce the 

best BC Journal to date, and 2) to leave 

next year’s class in a position to outdo us. 

More specifically, I isolated three goals 

that, if met, would improve the journal 

both in the short term and the long term. 

First, we sought to land a couple ‘big fish’ 

contributors while affording substantial 

space to feature Bologna Center students. 

Secondly, we looked to rebuild our website. 

Finally, we hoped to expand circulation. 

I am proud to say, thanks to the 

efforts of the 2011 BC Journal staff, we 

have met all three of these goals. 

The 14th edition of the journal features 

articles from an eclectic group. We present 

new papers from former National Security 

Advisor Gary Sick and New York Times 

Editorial Board Member David Unger. 

SAIS faculty is also well represented with 

new work from influential Professors 

Riordan Roett, Karim Mezran and 

Samuel George 

Gianfranco Pasquino. These essays are 

complimented by two interviews that 

bookend the journal, one with President 

Prodi, and another with Bosnian General 

Jovan Divjak who defended Sarajevo during 

the siege of the early 1990s. Rather 

than rehashed versions of previous essays 

or quick pieces scribbled by an aid, I trust 

that readers will find these papers original 

and provocative. 

Perhaps most importantly, the ability to 

attract top-shelf contributors allowed us to 

raise the profile of the journal while leaving 

significant space to publish BC SAIS 

students. Confident that names like Sick 

and Prodi would generate interest beyond 

the SAIS community, we published eight 

new essays by SAIS students covering 

regions from Argentina to China, with little 

fear that the journal would become 

externally irrelevant. 

A second major goal was to redesign the 

journal’s website bcjournal.org, moving 

from a blog-based format, to a sleeker, more 

professional one. Previous Journal staffs 

had undertaken the crucial task of creating a 

new web site from scratch. Thankful for 

their efforts, we sought to add to the original 

site’s content while modernizing the 

design. 

At first we felt we would have to spend 

a good portion of our budget to hire professionals, 

but we were quickly reminded of a 

lesson I believe will stick with us throughout 

our professional careers: If you need 

something done, trust a SAIS student. 

Bologna Center students David Goodman 

(BC11, U.S.) and Andrew Orihuela (BC11, 

U.S.) joined the staff and rebuilt the website 

in a matter of weeks. While we increased 

the volume of journals printed, the most 

important bump in readership will come 

from the website, helping us achieve our 

third goal, increased circulation. 

I believe we have successfully built 

upon the work of previous years and have 

also left a solid infrastructure that can be 

further developed by subsequent teams. 

45

The Theme 

The 2011 journal uses the theme of 

Leadership. We perceived a world 

approaching a turning point. The financial 

crisis revealed our collective vulnerability, 

and left deep economic and psychological 

scars. The War on Terror has produced some 

tenuous successes, and some impregnable 

quagmires. With the Arab Spring in early 

2011, it seemed a good part of the globe was 

demanding change—but what change? And 

led by whom? 

Despite our theme and a soft goal to be 

globally comprehensive, we decided that 

selections would be based primarily on 

quality, and not thematic relevance or 

regional under representation. I had no 

problem publishing multiple works on Latin 

America—each selected on merit. By the 

same token, it was a true pleasure to publish 

essays such as Philipp Panizza’s (BC11, 

Germany) “Conflict Resolution and the 

United Nations: A Leadership Crisis.” This 

essay argues for specific strategies for successful 

peacekeeping, using lessons learned 

in Namibia. Panizza offers a unique take on 

leadership while addressing a region often 

overlooked by the journal. 

The Memories 

For me, salient moments include the early 

meetings when none of us knew exactly 

what to do; trying to edit papers on a crowded 

public bus streaking towards Rome; chasing 

General Divjak around Sarajevo, hoping to 

land an interview; debating late into the 

night with Matt and Joe to determine final 

submissions; champagne and cookies at the 

last meeting before winter break; and 

putting in hours with the copy editing team 

as we rushed to meet deadlines, pausing 

only for pizza. 

The Center can be a place of short institutional 

memory, but, in its 14th year, the 

SAIS Bologna Center Journal of 

International Affairs has blossomed into an 

important tradition. I am proud to add our 

edition to the existing series, and I look 

forward to seeing how next year’s journal 

staff unwinds the puzzle. 

For more information and to access the 

journal visit http://bcjournal.org/ 

Samuel George (BC11,U.S.) is an M.A. 

student at SAIS concentrating in Latin 

American Studies. He acted as editor-in-chief 

of the 2011 Bologna Center Journal of 

International Affairs. 

CAPTURING 

THE MOMENT 

Bologna Center 

Student Photo Contest 

With so many inspiring destinations 

being just a stone’s throw 

away there is no denying the 

travel opportunities available to the 

students of the SAIS Bologna Center, who 

tend to return from both leisure and study 

trips with colorful stories and moving 

photographs. 

Courtney McCarty (BC11, U.S.) decided 

to create a platform to showcase the photographic 

talent and experiences students captured 

during the past academic year by creating 

a photography competition. 

“I just noticed everyone’s Facebook 

albums from their travels, there was some 

really great photography,” says Courtney. 

“I thought it would be a good visual addition 

to the school and a good way to show 

off everyone’s talent and travels.” 

Photographs of a trip to Morocco, 

carnevale in Venice, and day to day life in 

beautiful Bologna and Venice were some of 

the photographs on display at the Center for 

all to see. An online class voting system 

revealed the identity of the six winners who 

dominated the four categories. 

Nicolo’ Lanciotti (BC11, Italy) won 

both “Best Overall” as well as the top spot 

in the “Travel” category for his photograph 

taken in Morocco. Eric Leikin (BC11, U.S.) 

and Justin Clark (BC11, U.S.) tied for best 

in the “People” category. Aurelien Billot 

(BC11, France) took the prize for the best 

in the “Bologna” category. 

And for the overall best in the “Italy” 

category, Aurelien tied with Euri Lee 

(BC11, South Korea). 

Courtney’s wish to flaunt student talent 

exploded into several displays. The photographs 

were exhibited in the Robert H. 

Evans Library as well as in Giulio’s bar 

where they were on display during Alumni 

Weekend 2011 and received positive 

feedback. 

They have also received attention on 

student blogs: the student-run SAIS BC 

Blog and the BC Admissions blog where 

potential SAIS students can see the opportunities 

available at the Center. Some will 

soon be seen in their new home in the 

library. “It’s great that this will leave a little 

mark on the school,” says Courtney who 

was very pleased with the recognition the 

photographers received. by BS 

View the winning 

photographs 

in the following pages... 


Nicolo’ Lanciotti (BC11, Italy) won both “Best Overall” as well as the top spot in the 

“Travel” category for this photograph taken in Morocco. 


47



49

Swinging on the Rooftop: 

AMICI DI BOLOGNA 2011 

by Jeeyoung Choi 

On June 4th, nearly 120 Bologna 

alumni from the classes of 1960 

to 2011—and even a couple of 

fresh faces from the Class of 2012—gathered 

at 230 Fifth’s glamorous rooftop 

Garden and penthouse lounge in the heart 

of New York City. Now in its 4th year, the 

Amici di Bologna event is an annual opportunity 

to reunite with Bologna professors 

and friends, and to connect with new ones. 

The program began on the top floor of 

the venue facing the Empire State Building. 

Bologna Center Director and Professor, Ken 

Keller, gave opening remarks followed by 

SAIS Professors Mahrukh Doctor, Mark 

Gilbert and Erik Jones. Bolognesi listened 

attentively to the discussion on the implications 

of regional developments in Europe 

and South America on the Obama 

Administration’s foreign policy agenda. 

Following the tradition of an annual 

auction, this year Peter Bracke (BC81, 

Belgium) and his wife Rita generously 

donated a week-long stay in their chic Paris 

studio apartment. Alison von Klemperer 

(BC86/DC87, U.S.) also contributed a dinner 

and a lovely aquamarine earrings and 

necklace set. Young alumni Jamie 

Shellenberger (BC10/DC11, U.S.) and 

Branislav Kralik (BC07/DC06, U.S.) were 

this year’s big winners! 

As day turned to evening, a momentary 

rain shower cooled the summer air and there 

was a nostalgic feeling of an outdoor aperitivo 

in Bologna. Wine and hors d’oeuvres 

were served as bolognesi chatted overlooking 

the Manhattan skyline. Dessert and coffee 

concluded the 2011 Amici di Bologna 

event, but for many amici the party simply 

flowed downtown and into the night. 

This year’s rooftop format was intended 

to allow for fluid movement of guests, 

whereas the formal sit-down dinner of 

2010 led to more sustained conversations. 

Looking forward to next year, the steering 

committee will study how to offer the best 

of both worlds by offering a sit-down dinner 

and an after party option. 

A very special thanks to the people who 

made this event a memorable evening and 

success: Tom Tesluk (BC81/DC82, U.S.), 

Anne Erni (BC85/KSAS86/DC90, U.S.), 

Vanessa Friedman (BC00/DC01, U.S.), 

Robert Gurman (BC81/DC82, U.S.), John 

Jove (BC81/DC82, U.S.), Ajay (BC89, 

India) and Daniela Kaisth (BC89/KSAS90, 

U.S.), Alison von Klemperer (BC86/DC87, 

U.S.), Beth Marie O’Laughlin 

(BC90/DC91, U.S.), Charles Park 

(BC96/DC98, U.S.), Thomas Stelzer 

(BC83, Austria), Melody Woolford 

(BC01/DC03, U.S.), Director and 

Professor Kenneth H. Keller, Erik Jones 

(BC89/DC90/Ph.D.96), Mahrukh Doctor 

(BC89/DC90, Germany), Mark Gilbert, 

Meera Shankar, Francesca Torchi, 

Gabriella Chiappini, Odette Boya Resta 

(BC99/DC00, U.S./Italy), and Childe 

Costa. 

Any alumni who would like to help 

organize next year’s event should contact 

Tom Tesluk at ttesluk@gmail.com.. 

Jeeyoung Choi (BC08/DC09, U.S.) is 

research assistant to Richard McCormack in 

the Office of the Executive Vice Chairman at 

Bank of America Merrill Lynch in New York 

and member of the Amici di Bologna 

Steering Committee. 

photos by Francesca Torchi 


Alumni Weekend 2011 

by Francesca Torchi 

From left: Erik Jones (BC89/DC90/Ph.D.96, U.S.), featuring Lanxin Xiang (BC84/DC85/Ph.D.90, China), Tom Row (BC79/DC80/Ph.D.88, U.S.) and Dana Allin (BC85/DC86/Ph.D.90, U.S.). 

Around 300 alumni gathered in 

Bologna from April 29 to May 1, 

2011 for the annual Alumni 

Weekend, an opportunity to gather together 

classmates, faculty and staff. In particular, 

the classes of 1956, 1966, 1970, 1971, 

1985, 1986, 1990, 1991, 2001 and 2006, 

were well represented at the event. In fact, 

some of them had been forced to put off 

their celebrations for one year because of 

the Icelandic volcano, which caused the 

cancellation of the 2010 event. The class of 

1955/56, the very first Bologna Center 

class, celebrated fifty-five years since graduation. 

The class of 2006, celebrating five 

years since graduation, was represented by 

more than eighty members. 

The opening events were held on Friday 

evening at the Arena del Sole, a renowned 

Bologna theater and city landmark on Via 

dell’Indipendenza. Director Keller kicked off 

the evening by welcoming alumni with a 

speech on the success of the building renewal 

campaign and on upcoming projects. This 

was followed by a roundtable discussion 

entitled Politics in the Age of Austerity moderated 

by Erik Jones (BC89/DC90/Ph.D.96, 

U.S.), featuring Tom Row 

(BC79/DC80/Ph.D.88, U.S.), Dana Allin 

(BC85/DC86/Ph.D.90, U.S.) and Lanxin 

Xiang (BC84/DC85/Ph.D.90, China). 


The Saturday events were held at the 

Bologna Center on Via Belmeloro, 11. The 

morning’s main conference, titled Reflections 

on Teaching at the Bologna Center, featured 

John Harper (BC76/DC77/Ph.D.81, U.S.) and 

Pierre Hassner, emeritus research director, 

Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches 

Internationales (CERI), who taught at the 

Bologna Center in the 1960s and 70s. 

This year, for the first time, alumni had 

the opportunity to participate in class sessions 

held on Saturday morning by current 

professors Marco Cesa, Mahrukh Doctor 

(BC89/DC90, Germany), David Ellwood 

(BC71, UK), Mark Gilbert, Arthur 

Rachwald and Vera Negri Zamagni. These 

Alumni Back to Class sessions were met 

with enthusiasm by participants. 

Alumni Career Sessions, a chance for 

alumni volunteers to meet with current students, 

took place after the traditional buffet 

luncheon. Fifty alumni from fifteen different 

countries served as panelists providing 

answers to student questions on their career 

paths in a range of sectors including foreign 

service, political risk, finance, the environment, 

and international development. Both students 

and alumni were very positive about the 

sessions. In the evening, classes met separately 

for dinners in restaurants around the city. 

The three-day event concluded with 

Sunday morning tours of local attractions, 

which provided an opportunity for alumni 

to experience new aspects of the city. 

Alumni chose between tours of the permanent 

collection of the recently relocated 

museum of contemporary art (MAMBO), 

the stunning Manifattura delle arti, a new 

artistic hub which features a remarkable 

collection of post industrial architecture, a 

walking tour of the city’s Renaissance 

highlights and another tour featuring the 

city’s hidden treasures. 

Our thanks to all the alumni who traveled 

to Bologna for the event—as usual, it was 

their participation in all of the weekend’s formal 

and informal festivities that made the 

event so special and unique. 

Visit jhubc.it/aw2011 to view photos 

from the 2011 event. 

The dates for the next Alumni Weekend 

have already been set for April 27-29, 2012. 

Francesca Torchi holds the degree of dottore 

di ricerca in Francophone Culture and 

Literature from the University of Bologna. 

Since 2008 she has worked in the SAIS 

Bologna Center’s Alumni Relations Office 

where she handles alumni data management 

and event organization. 

51

There are lots of 

and so many of 

The Bologna Center is fortunate to have many alumni who help advance the work of the school and make the SAIS 

network so vibrant. In the Development section of Rivista, we recognize alumni who made financial contributions 

to the Center; here we want to thank alumni who contribute in other ways equally essential to the success of our 

work. These efforts raise the visibility of the school, attract new students to the program, provide job opportunities for 

students and alumni, and demonstrate a level of commitment that we are truly honored to have. Many alumni help in 

multiple ways, and those individuals are noted with a diamond (♦ ) since, for reasons of space, names are listed here just 

once. If, despite our best efforts to mention everyone, we have inadvertently made an error, please send a note to 

alumni@jhubc.it. We will make corrections in the next issue of Rivista. ...Thank you. 

CAREER ADVICE 

AND ASSISTANCE 

Thank 

Aamir Alavi (DC10, U.S.) 

Karen Anderson (BC09/DC10, U.S.) 

Christopher Beaton (BC08/DC09, UK) 

Michael Casey (BC08/DC09, U.S.) 

Katya Chertova (BC09/DC10, U.S.) 

Tanja Faller (BC06/DC07, Germany) ♦ 

Sven Friebe (BC07/DC08, Germany) 

Bill Gelfeld (DC10, U.S.) 

Johan Gott (BC03/DC04, Sweden) 

Nelson Graves (BC82/DC83, U.S./France) 

Astrid Haas (BC09/DC10 Germany) 

Lily Han (DC05, U.S.) 

Fatima Kassam (BC06/DC07, U.S.) 

Hanna Kaplan (BC07/DC08, U.S.) 

Krystle Kaul (BC08/DC09, U.S.) 

Edith Laszlo (BC96/DC97, U.S.) 

Joachim Lundquist (BC99/BC00, Sweden) 

Edouard Maciejewski (BC73, France) 

Andreas Marschner (BC00/DC01) 

Charles Moravec (DC06, U.S.) 

Sarah Naimark (BC07/DC08, U.S.) 

Anita Otto (BC09, Brazil) 

Elena Panaritis (BC90/DC91, Greece) ♦ 

Jean-Arthur Régibeau (BC86, Belgium) ♦ 

Vincenzo Resta (DC99, Italy/U.S.) 

Mimi Rumpeltin (BC01/DC02, U.S.) 

Alex Schratz (BC07/DC08, Germany) 

Friedrich Schröder (BC 06) 

Alexander Severens (BC96/DC97, U.S.) 

Will Shields (BC01/DC02, UK) 

Sophie Tholstrup (BC08/DC09, UK) 

Lousewies van der Laan 

(BC91, Netherlands) ♦ 

Michael Waldron (BC05/DC06, U.S.) 

ALUMNI WEEKEND 2011 

CAREER SESSIONS 

Kristoff Abbeloos (BC04, Belgium) 

Armando Anfosso (BC02, Italy) 

Raymond Arnaudo (BC70/DC71, U.S.) 

Jon Becker (BC78/DC79, U.S./Italy) 

Daniel W. Bloemers (BC09/DC10, Germany) 

Jennifer Braswell (BC98/DC02, U.S.) 

Anita Brownstein (BC70/DC71, U.S.) 

William Brustein (BC70/DC71, U.S.) 

Joanne Caddy (BC90, UK/Canada) 

Angelo Capozzi (BC86, U.S.) 

Filippo Chiesa (BC08, Italy) 

Amy Cloud (BC06/DC07, U.S.) 

Paul Dalle Molle (BC80/DC81, U.S.) 

Brittany Danisch (BC01/DC02, U.S.) 

Niclas During (BC01/DC02, Sweden) 

Andras Fehervary (BC85, U.S./Hungary) 

Claudia Flisi (BC71/DC72, U.S./Italy) 

Maria Silvia Gatta (BC91/DC92, Italy) 

Christine Giangreco (BC70/DC71, U.S.) 

Nicholas Haslam (BC06/DC07, Sweden) 

Ludwig Heuse (BC81/DC82, Germany) 

Mark Huberty (BC06/DC07, U.S.) 

Peter Johnson (BC06/DC07, U.S.) 

Peter Kaznacheev (BC01/DC02, Russia) 

Bastiaan Korner (BC66, Netherlands) 

Jan Krzewinski (BC06/DC07, Poland) 

Andrew Luedders (BC90/DC91, U.S.) 

Johanna Lundberg (BC01/DC02, Sweden) 

Jay Lurie (BC06/DC07, U.S.) 

Jim McNicholas (BC98/DC01, U.S.) 

Melissa Moye (BC86/DC86, U.S.) 

Axel Ruyter (BC90, Germany) 

Micah Savidge (BC06/DC07, U.S.) 

Cenk Sidar (BC06/DC07, Turkey) ♦ 

Herman Speyart (BC91/DC92, Netherlands) 

Melanie Standish (BC06/DC07, U.S.) 

Thorunn Sveinbjarnardottir (BC90, Iceland) 

Stephan Timmer (BC06/DC07, Netherlands) 

Amos Tincani (BC72, Italy) 

Gordon Vieth (BC78/DC79, U.S.) 

Johanna von der Weppen (BC09/DC10, Germany) 

Jack Yeung (BC06/DC07, U.S.) 


ways to help, 

you do! 

ALUMNI EVENTS, CONFERENCES 

& SEMINAR SERIES 

Dana Allin (BC85/DC86/Ph.D.90, U.S.) ♦ 

Leonardo Baroncelli (BC69, Italy) 

Mahrukh Doctor (BC89/DC90, Germany) 

Tim Geithner (DC85, U.S.) 

John L. Harper (BC76/DC77/Ph.D.82, U.S.) 

Erik Jones (BC89/DC90/Ph.D.96, U.S.) 

Matthias Matthijs (BC02/DC08, Belgium) 

Tom Row (BC79/DC80/Ph.D.88, U.S.) 

George B. Saliba (BC69/BC70) 

Lanxin Xiang (BC84/DC85/Ph.D.90, China 

P.R.) 


AMICI DI BOLOGNA 

you 

COMMITTEE 2011 

Scott Cantor (BC07/DC08, U.S.) ♦ 

Jeeyoung Choi (BC08/DC09, U.S.) 

Robert Gurman (BC81/DC82, U.S.) 

John Jove (BC82/KSAS83, U.S.) 

Ajay Kaisth (BC89, U.S.) 

Daniela Kaisth (BC89/KSAS90, U.S.) 

Beth Marie O’Laughlin (BC90, U.S.) 

Charles Park (BC96/DC98, U.S.) 

Thomas Stelzer (BC83, Austria) ♦ 

Tom Tesluk (BC81/DC82, U.S.) ♦ 

Alison von Klemperer (BC87, U.S.) 

Anne Weiner Erni (BC85/KSAS86, U.S.) 

Melody Woolford (BC01/DC03, U.S.) 

ALUMNI CHAPTER LEADERS 

Efsane Askin (BC93, Turkey) ♦ 

Claudia Flisi (BC71/DC72, U.S.) 

Jürgen Glückert (BC62, Germany) 

Bikem Ibrahimoglu (BC93, Turkey) ♦ 

Geraldine P. Kelly (BC80/DC81, UK) ♦ 

Karl V. Krammer (BC79/BC80, Austria) 

Sandor Orban (BC90, Hungary) 

Hasan Teoman (BC80, Turkey) 

Sebastian Vos (DC03, Belgium) ♦ 

STUDENT 

RECRUITMENT 

Mike Bergmeijer (BC81/DC82, Netherlands) 

Ioannis Bourloyannis-Tsangaridis (BC61, 

Greece) 

Carole Choukroun (BC84/DC86, France) 

Conor Clyne (BC03/DC04, Ireland) 

Claude Cornet (BC62, France) 

Federico Cupelli (BC04/DC05, Italy) 

Laura Demetris (BC05/DC07, UK) 

Asli Ceren Erdogan (BC05/DC06, Turkey) 

Saverio Grazioli-Venier (BC03/BC04, Italy) 

Anna Ipsilanti (DC02, Greece) 

Jennifer Linker (BC03/DC04, U.S.) 

Marina Niforos (BC93, U.S.) 

Sean Parramore (BC09/DC10, Netherlands) 

Michael G. Plummer (BC82, U.S.) 

53

Bolognesi Around the World 

In August UN Secretary-General Ban 

appointed Albert Gerard (Bert) 

Koenders (BC80, Netherlands) as 

Undersecretary General of the United 

Nations and Special Representative of the 

Secretary General in Cote d’Ivoire. 

Koenders was also visiting professor for 

Conflict Management at the Bologna 

Center from 2000 to 2002. 

Koenders is also currently co-chair of 

the Working Group for the Fourth High- 

Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness (Busan 

Conference) and chair of the Rutgers World 

Population Foundation. In his capacity as 

the Dutch Minister for Development 

Cooperation from 2007 to 2010, Koenders 

was involved in integrated peace support 

initiatives in Afghanistan, Burundi, Chad, 

Democratic Republic of the Congo, and 

Sudan. Before that, he was a member of the 

Netherlands House of Representatives from 

1997 to 2007, and undertook several missions 

to conflict-afflicted areas in Africa 

and the Middle East. 

Brenda Lee Pearson (BC89/DC90, 

U.S.) is global deputy coordinator of 

REACH, the UN interagency initiative 

(WFP, UNICEF, WHO and FAO) that coordinates 

field programs to reduce child and 

maternal undernutrition in the most vulnerable 

populations. She is based at the WFP 

headquarters in Rome. 

In March Christina 

Höfferer (BC98, 

Austria) published 

her first book Bella 

Arcadia: Das Italien 

der Literaten und 

Künstler (Beautiful 

Arcadia: Italy of the 

Writers and Artists) with Styria Premium 

publishers. The book takes the reader on a 

journey to Rome and Sardinia, to winegrowers, 

architects, famous actors and great 

minds from the past and present. According 

to critic Ursula Buckert “Bella Arcadia 

strives to communicate what is, at the same 

time, simple and difficult: to perceive the 

unusual in everyday occurrences and to 

experience the everyday in the distant past.” 

Bella Arcadia is available on amazon.com. 

Cecilie Kubberod Myrvold 

(BC01/DC02, Norway) is currently 

living in Norway with her husband and 

daughter (age two). They moved back to 

Norway in September 2010 after four years 

in Belgrade, Serbia. Currently she works as 

a higher executive officer for child support 

at the Norwegian Labour and Welfare 

Administration. 

Seiichi Shimasaki (BC05/DC06, 

Japan) returned to Washington D.C. in 

July 2010 to begin his post as nuclear 

attaché and First Secretary of the Science 

Section at the Embassy of Japan. After the 

Fukushima accident in March 2011, he was 

in close contact with his counterparts at 

U.S. agencies such as the Department of 

Energy, Nuclear Regulatory Commission 

and State Department, some of whom are 

fellow SAIS alumni. In addition to his 8year-old 

daughter Rino, he now has a son 

named Taiga who celebrated his first birthday 

in February. 

Makiko Yamamoto (BC06/DC07, 

Japan) is deputy director at the 

International Cooperation Office at Japan’s 

Ministry of Finance in Tokyo where she is 

in charge of planning and managing technical 

assistance projects mainly for ASEAN 

developing nations in the field of macroeconomic 

policy and finance. She is keen to 

research and provide assistances to promote 

SME (small and medium sized enterprises) 

finance in developing countries, believing it 

is one of the keys to economic development 

as well as further poverty reduction. 


Christopher Lewis (BC08/DC09, U.S.), 

Daniil Davydoff (BC08/DC09, U.S.) and 

Timothy Preston (DC10, U.S.) have 

been busy with their post-SAIS music project, 

Megaphone Barons. A Washington D.C. 

band, so far this year they have played over 

ten dates at venues as varied as la Fête de la 

Musique at the French Embassy, house parties, 

and live music venues in Adams 

Morgan and on U Street. Their first single, 

Send Somebody Else, was played on D.C.’s 

biggest rock radio station, DC101 (101.1 

FM) for seven consecutive weeks and their 

second single, Soggy Ground, is currently on 

its second week of radio play (and counting)! 

In August 2011, after a year and a half of 

work in the studio (i.e. Chris’ basement 

apartment), they released their debut CD, 

Menagerie, online. This collection of original 

anthems was inspired by their travels, 

current events, and life in the post-rock 

world. Some songs are downright-SAISy in 

their lyrical content and international instrumentation. 

Album cover credits go to 

Pablo Thaler (BC08/DC09, 

Argentina) for the artwork and 

Nathaniel Adams (BC08/DC09, 

U.S.) for the layout design. See the official 

website at megaphonebarons.com. 

by OBR 


Alles Waltzer! 

Austrian Ball 2011 

two, three...ONE, two, 

three, turn, and back 

“ONE, 

together...” One of the 

Austrian students called out the steps to 

the Viennese waltz as the rest of us, looking 

mostly at our feet, tried to master the 

steps of this classic dance without stomping 

on each other’s toes. The desks had 

been all pushed aside as Bologna Center 

students temporarily traded academics for 

a different kind of lesson. We were learning 

how to dance, how to dress, and how 

to blend in at the International Atomic 

Energy Association (IAEA) Staff 

Association Ball. The Bologna Center 

Class of 2011 was preparing for its high 

society debut at the ball, in February at the 

Hofburg Palace in Vienna. For a number of 

years now SAIS Bologna has offered its 

students the chance to experience a traditional 

Viennese ball, surrounded by leaders 

and staff from the IAEA. While we were 

not the first class to carry out this tradition, 

for many of us, it was an experience unlike 

anything we’d done before. 

We spent long hours perfecting the 

waltz. The gentlemen of the class secured 

their tuxedos and bow ties, while the ladies 

searched for the perfect gown. After weeks 

of preparation, students who had been traveling 

all over Europe during semester 

break came together in Vienna for the ball 

that Saturday night. 

Over the weekend, SAIS’s Austrian delegation 

ensured that we got to know 

Vienna, so we toured the city and tried 

some authentic Wiener Schnitzel. Then, 

after a flurry of preparations, we met to 

travel to the ball, decked out in our finery, a 

world away from the jeans and sweaters 

that make up our usual university wardrobe. 

The evening began with a reception at 

Vienna’s beautiful City Hall, where we met 

Dr. Andreas Mailath Pokorny (BC85, 

Austria), a member of the City Council. 

After cocktails, we headed to the palace 

and climbed the red-carpeted stairs. During 

the opening ceremony, we were thrilled to 

hear the Director General thank the students 

from SAIS for coming—later, we 

would meet with him in a private reception. 

Before we knew it, it was the moment we 

had been practicing for: when the band 

leader called “Alles Waltzer!” Hundreds of 

people rushed to the floor for the first 

dance. 

The ball continued long into the night. 

While people waltzed in the main room, the 

other rooms had live bands performing all 

kinds of music, from classic rock to Celtic 

folk. A few students even joined the big 

group in the ballroom to try their hand at the 

Quadrille, following the steps called out by 

the bandleader.We danced for hours. When 

the party finally died down, I walked slowly 

down through the marble foyer, savoring 

every last moment of a truly magical 

evening. As I stepped out into the cool 

Vienna night, I looked back at the palace, 

glowing as the last of the dancers whirled in 

the windows. Thought the party was over, I 

knew my classmates and I would never 

forget our night at the Austrian Ball. 

by EHB 

55

In Memoriam 

François Sauzey 

26 September 1950 

8 March 2011 

François Sauzey (BC71, France) was a man 

of immense literary and political passion 

who moved easily between France and the 

United States. To those who knew him well, 

he was essentially a “Frenchman who loved 

the United States.” 

His career included being spokesperson 

and press officer for the The Trilateral 

Commission, a private organization 

established in 1973 to foster closer 

cooperation among North America, Europe 

and Japan. The fact that he belonged to such 

a group (for thirty years)—one that shaped 

ideas on international and democratic 

thought and was founded by David 

Rockefeller and Zbigniew Brzezinski in the 

United States at the height of the Cold 

War—says a lot about Sauzey. 

Sauzey was also editor of Trialogue: The 

Trilateral Commission’s Quarterly of 

American-European-Japanese Affairs in 

New York City for many years, sharing his 

deep knowledge of international domestic 

and foreign policy. 

Among other things, he was a translator 

of the work of American modernist poet, 

Ezra Pound. Sauzey had the unique ability to 

shift from discussing the intricate complexities 

of the Pound poem, The Cantos, to 

discussing universal truths he could find, for 

example, in a television episode of The 

Sopranos. 

He was also a writer. Sauzey wrote 

Anti-Prince in English (published in Italian 

in 1996), which explores the tension 

(trauma!) with which one confronts the 

crumbling world of the old nation state in 

this globalized world. 

SAIS Bologna was a landmark for 

Sauzey. Here, he thrived on his discovery 

and love of the United States and Italy— 

both pillars in his professional and intellectual 

life—and made life-long friends 

(including meeting his beloved wife Anne, 

an American artist). Bologna was the city 

where Anti-Prince was first published in 

1996. The first edition of Anti-Prince in 

French will be published by Les Éditions 

Perrin in November 2011. 

Sauzey will be remembered as a man of 

ideas, culture, a writer, a poet—and always a 

wonderful conversationalist. 

His sister-in law, Eva Trezza 

(BC71/DC72, Italy), notes, “The first impression 

François Sauzey made on me was that of 

someone who was so sensitive as to see 

beyond what most of us that year in Bologna 

could see...that impression stayed with me 

throughout his life. I believe he had the soul 

of a poet, and therefore understood as few 

others do, the intelligence of words…This 

sensitivity enriched his life and ours.” 

Sauzey’s classmate Martin Gilman 

(BC71, U.S.) recalls, “He was, in my view, 

unique among men—a true character of the 

Enlightenment in a book that he composed 

himself.” 

Hans Schoenberg 

14 March 1920 

13 March 2011 

The Bologna Center was a remarkably 

special place for Hans Schoenberg 

(BC55/56, Germany), a proud member of 

the first class of students in 1955. 

Hans passed away on a Sunday in March 

surrounded by his loving family. 

According to his son, Michael, 

Schoenberg lived by the motto res severa 

verum gaudium. “In contrast to this sober 

motto, he deeply enjoyed life: spending 

time with friends, good cuisine and wine, 

and—despite an extremely difficult 

upbringing—remained optimistic until the 

very end,” recalls Michael. 

Schoenberg’s youth and early life was 

overshadowed by the Nazi takeover of 

Germany in 1933. Being half Jewish (his 

father was Jewish and later killed in 

Auschwitz in 1944) he was not allowed to 

finish German high school and was 

eventually arrested and forced to work in 

various camps in East Germany. 

For Schoenberg, the end of World War 

II meant liberation from Nazi oppression. 

After working with the U.S.-Military 

Government in Greater Hessen 

(Germany), he immigrated to the United 

States and enrolled as student at 

Wittenberg University in Springfield, 

Ohio. After graduating from Wittenberg 

magna cum laude, he became interested in 

political science, and began studying at 

SAIS and the Bologna Center in 1955. 

Together with his family, Schoenberg 

then moved to Munich and where he 

worked at Radio Free Europe/Radio 

Liberty (RFE/RL), a broadcaster funded 

by the U.S. Congress that provided news, 

information, and analysis to countries 

“where the free flow of information was 

either banned by government authorities 

or not fully developed,” until 1982. 

During his long career he was often invited 

to deliver lectures and seminars as a 

visiting professor at universities throughout 

Europe and the U.S. His Ph.D. thesis 

from SAIS was published as book in 1967 

titled Germans from the East: 

Resettlement of German refugees during 

and after WWII. 

Schoenberg’s son, Michael, also has 

fond memories of Bologna. “In 1955 I 

was the youngest Bologna Center ‘student’ 

(four years old). The Center, the 

Italian kindergarten I attended, and the 

city of Bologna will always be special to 

me,” says Professor Michael H. 

Schoenberg, M.D., FRCS, who is currently 

Chairman of the Surgical Department, 

Rotkreuzklinikum München. 


photo by Reemt Behrens

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