A GUIDE TO FUEL PERFORMANCE - Virginia Clean Cities

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What To Do If the Fuel is Deficient ‘ fFuel is off-specificationPeriodically taking a sample of the bulk fuel and testing for its specified properties can giveyou an indication of the overall quality of the fuel from your supplier. If there is a problem with afresh batch of fuel, then there are two options. The fuel should not be accepted from the supplierif it is contaminated with water or debris. If there are acceptable ways to bring the fuel back intospecifications then the following methods may be considered.Dilution and Blending. In some cases, when a fuel is off-specification, dilution with anotherbatch of fresh fuel can effectively bring the entire batch within acceptable limits. For example,blending can lower a high cloud point or raise the flash point. Blending should always be done withsmall test samples and analyzed before attempting mixing the entire stock.Fuels that are contaminated with microbes, debris, or water should not be blended.Contaminants in TanksExcessive no-heat calls are likely to occur with large amounts of sludge in the tank. Fieldexperience shows that chronic problems occur in tanks having about 1/2” or more water/sludgeusing the stick and paste indicator, or about 10% BS&W by analysis. Pumping out these mostcontaminatedtanks and clearing out the oil line would eliminate these service calls.Fuel lines that are piped from the bottom of the tank are more susceptible to line clogging ifthere is no fiIter/water separator at the tank. Where there is no filter at the tank, any sludge or waterdrawn from the tank would become trapped in the lines.If water is the major constituent, then you will need to determine where the water is comingfrom. There may be a broken or poorly threaded pipe, loose fill cap, or a crack in the tank. Keeptanks filled during the summer to minimize the air space above the fuel. This reduces the amount ofwater accumulation in the tank that comes from condensation.A GUIDE TO FUEL PERFORMANCE 49
8. How to Prevent Fuel ProblemsA preventative maintenance program should be based on need, resources, and common sense.A successful fuel quality surveillance program must include the following items: (1) specificationswhen purchasing fuels; (2) sampling, testing and record keeping; and (3) good housekeeping.Each company should have a set of procedures for the sampling and testing of their fuel supplyand bulk storage tanks, where applicable. For home tanks, checking for water should become aroutine part of heating systems maintenance. Documentation should be set up so that these effortscan be reviewed at any time. The information on home tanks is valuable for tracking problem areasand for assessing whether or not changes in procedures really worked. This will save money in thelong run when you can quickly identify and solve problems.Good housekeeping requires minimizing dirt and water entering a tank. Water promotes thegrowth of microbes, which use the fuel as a food source, and accelerates internal corrosion of thetank. Water can enter a tank through cracked or leaking fill pipes and vents, and therefore, theseshould be checked when water contamination is suspected. The change in air temperatures cancause condensation within the tank. Dirt and debris are generally introduced into the fuel throughcareless handling.Technicians who maintain the heating systems and the delivery personnel should be trained onhow to identify possible fuel quality problems. Fuels should be checked from the receipt of fuel,through delivery and storage.Cleaning tanks that are less than 10 years old is not necessary as part of a preventativemaintenance program, but there could be circumstances that would make cleaning necessary ordesirable, such as a severe accumulation of sludge.Monitoring Home TanksInstall Suction Gauge on Filter HousingA suction gauge can be installed on the filter housing to monitor the condition of the filterinsert. A high vacuum indicates when this becomes clogged. For every system the suctiongauge reading may be different from the start, when the filter is clean. You need to note thegauge reading when the burner is "off and when it is "on." Note this on the service tag on theequipment.When the filter fills with sediment the gauge will read higher vacuum (in-Hg). This shouldbe read when the burner is "on." Comparing the readings of a system with previously recordedreadings can guide you as to when you need to replace filters.Count Your Service CallsStart with your current service accounts. This is your baseline of information. Count the totalnumber of unscheduled service calls - No heat, no hot water (or not enough), and odor. Notehow many customers and how much volume is delivered to these customers. You don't want tocount preventative maintenance inspections, new equipment installations, and plumbing or ductproblems.50 THE NORA FUEL QUALITY MANUAL
Page 1 and 2: BNL-73601-2005-IRA GUIDE TO FUEL PE
Page 3 and 4: A GUIDE TO FUEL PERFORMANCETABLE OF
Page 5 and 6: 2. Overview of Heating OilWhen crud
Page 7 and 8: 3. Purchasing FuelsSpecificationsTh
Page 9 and 10: 4. Understanding Fuel PropertiesGoo
Page 11 and 12: 4) carbon residue is the amount of
Page 13 and 14: Cold Flow Properties of Heating Oil
Page 15 and 16: Table 4-2 10th Percentile Minimum T
Page 17 and 18: The following charts provide an exa
Page 19 and 20: MixingAdditives will not fix the pr
Page 21 and 22: 5. Common Fuel Problems.Fuel Cleanl
Page 23 and 24: During this test period small amoun
Page 25 and 26: Recommendations for clearing clogge
Page 27 and 28: verify the amount of fuel to be del
Page 29 and 30: 60 How to Diagnose Fuel ProblemsMon
Page 31 and 32: Figure 6-1 Bar Chart for Clear and
Page 33 and 34: How can you do a visual inspection
Page 35 and 36: How to Sample Incoming Fuels from B
Page 37 and 38: How to Sample Bulk Storage TanksFor
Page 39 and 40: Bottom Samde for Water and Sediment
Page 41 and 42: Test i n g for M i cro b i a I Co n
Page 43 and 44: .Figure 6-14 Examples of fuel oils
Page 45 and 46: Does th le sample taken from the bo
Page 47: What does a tank bottom sample tell
Page 51 and 52: 9. About Fuel Oil AdditivesFuel oil
Page 53 and 54: How to Select an AdditiveThe follow
Page 55 and 56: on the container's label as REG. NO
Page 57 and 58: AppendicesA. Commercial Testing Law
Page 59 and 60: PennsylvaniaAnter Laboratories, Inc
Page 61: Instruments: Petroleum Testing (con

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