Frank Allen Ramsey - Office of Medical History - U.S. Army

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Army Medical Department Profilesthat we felt we really wanted to spend time and effort on, and we started out toget civilian industries interested in developing these items for us. We had themilitary medical R&D working on developing them also.Portable Jet InjectorAt that time the nuclear-chemical-biological threat from Russia was uppermostin our minds. In addition to the threat against human beings, we were gravelyconcerned about the biological disease threat against all of the livestock in theUnited States and our allies. Anthrax, brucellosis, and other zoonotic diseasecould be used by the Russians to attack and decimate our livestock and therebyreduce our food supply.We identified the requirement for a portable, self-powered, rapid jet injector(using a high pressure jet in place of a needle) for the rapid, massimmunization of cattle, swine, sheep, goats, and horses. Army R&D haddeveloped an electric powered jet injector for use on troops and in thePreventive Medicine Officer role we had field tested it at Fort Leonard Woodin 1959 or 1960.Over a period of several years we did successfully develop a light-weight,portable backpack, jet injector. It had a lever projecting forward under onesleft arm that was pumped normally (or by foot power in a fixed location) toreach the required pressure. It was successfully field-tested in Mexico by Col.Stuart J. McConnell during an outbreak of Venezuelan EquineEncephalomyelitis and was later used on a similar outbreak in the UnitedStates. At the same time, an electrically driven jet injector was developed formass immunization of livestock. The major difficulty with the development ofboth injectors was the variation in thickness of the skins of domestic animals.This required different sizes (diameter) of the jet orifice which was drilledthrough sapphire jewels to prevent erosion and a resulting change in the doseadministered.52
Frank Allen RamseyProgram to Obtain an Improved Military Working DogAs the Vietnam War progressed, it become evident that no mechanical deviceor electronic gadget could meet the enemy troops, or to trail and locate enemytroops or locate mines or tunnels or hidden bunkers as well or as consistentlyas a dog. They also served as guard dogs, sentry dogs, and as scout dogsleading infantry units into combat.We initiated a program—the Veterinary Corps—with Col. Bud Castleberry,VC, as the project officer. The program was located at Aberdeen ProvingGround, Maryland. Bud first evaluated all breeds of dogs to select one ormore breeds which met a maximum number of our criteria. He then selected anumber of male and female dogs and began breeding and developing thenecessary training techniques. He selected the German Shepherd breed. In afew years he had developed the training method and was producing traineddogs that were sent to Vietnam and were very successfully field tested. In afew more years this program would have provided a source for a stronger,more intelligent, more trainable military working dog for the Army to meet itsrequirements. The end of the war in Vietnam was the end of this program.Brig. Gen. Wilson M. Osteen was Chief of the Veterinary Corps at that time,following Brig. Gen. George Kuhn. I served under both of them as the projectofficer for these various research and development items.Retrievable Dog Shipping ContainersWe have a medical equipment agency at Fort Detrick that develops theequipment for the military. We put the requirement on them. During my firsttour there, one of the things I worked on quite a bit was this R&D of newequipment. I can’t remember what all those items were, but you asked aboutVietnam. One of the things that we identified that we needed when theyshipped military working dogs to Vietnam—and many hundreds wereshipped over there—were better dog shipping containers. Well, all we had wasa commercial dog shipping container, and they were expensive; they didn’t53
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Frank Allen Ramsey - Office of Medical History - U.S. Army

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