International Centre for Geohazards (ICG)

Partners in ICG 

Centre of Excellence – 

International Centre for 

Geohazards (ICG) 

Annual Report - 2007 

20031103-5 31 March 2008 

Client: The Research Council of Norway 

Contact person: Are Birger Carlson 

Contract reference: SFF – ICG 146035/420 

For the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute 

Report prepared by: 

Postal address: P.O. Box 3930 Ullevaal Stadion, N-0806 OSLO, NORWAY Telephone: (+47) 22 02 30 00 Postal account: 0814 51 60643 

Street address: Sognsveien 72, OSLO Telefax: (+47) 22 23 04 48 Bank account: 5096 05 01281 

Internet: http://www.ngi.no e -mail: ngi@ngi.no Business No. 958 254 318 MVA 

BS EN ISO 9001, Certified by BSI, Registration No. FS 32989 

Suzanne Lacasse 

Managing Director 

Farrokh Nadim 

Director, ICG 

Reviewed by: Suzanne Lacasse

International Centre for Geohazards Report No.: 20031103-5 

Date: 2008-03-31 

Rev.: - 

Annual Report - 2007 Rev. date: 

Page: 2 

Summary 

The "International Centre for Geohazards" (ICG) is one the 13 Centres of Excellence 

(Senter for Fremragende Forskning, SFF) established by The Research Council of 

Norway (RCN) in 2003. The Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) is the host 

organisation for ICG. Partners in the centre are the University of Oslo (UiO), the 

Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NORSAR, and the 

Geological Survey of Norway (NGU). 

Results and activities in 2007 

• The research plan was followed and most of the goals set for the year were achieved. 

With respect to four major goals of ICG, a) in-kind contribution from the partners, b) 

complementary projects from the industry, c) number of PhD candidates, and d) 

international networking, the results have already, after 5 years of operation, 

exceeded by far the goals and expectations. 

• The focus of ICG’s research in 2007 was on: 

- Assessment of the risks associated with by geohazards to individuals and society. 

- Development and improvement of methods for modelling the mechanical processes 

underlying the physical phenomena of different geohazards and for evaluating 

the consequences of geohazards. 

- Geohazards prevention and risk mitigation strategies 

- Graduate university programmes on geohazards at UiO and NTNU 

• Joint workshops, seminars, and project meetings contributed to creating a good collaboration 

spirit among the five partners. 

• There is considerable interest and enthusiasm about the activities of ICG, both in 

Norway and abroad. 

Challenges for 2008 

The overall research plan remains essentially unchanged. The main challenges foreseen 

for 2008 include: 

• Finding complementary funding sources to continue the high activity level at ICG. 

• Research on complex issues such as vulnerability and risk assessment, tsunami runup 

estimation, disintegration of material during sliding, rainfall-induced landslides, 

earthquake response, etc. 

• Identification of the niches where the combined expertise of ICG partners could be 

put into practical use on the international arena. 

• Networking with centres of expertise who work on the societal aspects of the risk 

associated with geohazards. 

• Further work on identifying the most appropriate strategies for geohazards 

prevention and risk mitigation. 

• Attracting PhD candidates, post-docs and guest researchers to Norway. 

• Active participation in the research programmes on natural hazards and risk 

management in the 7 th Frame Programme. 

• Running and planning new international conferences, seminars and workshops. 

• Increased publication in highly respected scientific journals. 

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Contents 

1 BACKGROUND.........................................................................................................................4 

2 ORGANISATION OF ICG.........................................................................................................4 

3 ACTIVITIES OF ICG’S STEERING COMMITTEE .................................................................7 

4 TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF ICG IN 2007 ...........................................................................7 

4.1 Core research activities .....................................................................................................7 

4.2 Natural hazards and civil conflicts in Asia Pacific countries............................................8 

4.3 Event tree analysis of Åknes rock slide hazard...............................................................10 

5 NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, AND OTHER ICG 

ACTIVITIES IN 2007...............................................................................................................14 

5.1 ICG Publications in 2007................................................................................................14 

5.2 International contacts and activities ................................................................................14 

5.3 Web site...........................................................................................................................15 

6 DOCTORAL CANDIDATES AND GUEST RESEARCHERS IN 2007................................15 

7 ACCOUNTING 2007................................................................................................................16 

7.1 Cash funding (kNOK).....................................................................................................16 

7.2 In kind (kNOK)...............................................................................................................17 

8 PLANNED ACTIVITIES AND BUDGET FOR 2008.............................................................17 

8.1 Research Projects ............................................................................................................17 

8.2 International networking .................................................................................................17 

8.3 EU proposals and projects with financing from other sources........................................18 

8.4 Organising conferences and workshops in 2008 and 2009 .............................................18 

8.5 ICG budget for 2008 .......................................................................................................18 

Appendix A – ICG Publications in 2007 

Review and reference document 



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1 BACKGROUND 

The "International Centre for Geohazards" (ICG) is a Centre of Excellence 

(Senter for Fremragende Forskning, SFF) established by the Research Council 

of Norway in 2003. The Norwegian Centres of Excellence scheme is designed 

to stimulate Norwegian research groups to set up centres devoted to long-term 

basic research. The intention is to raise the quality of Norwegian research and 

bring more researchers and research groups up to a high international standard. 

ICG is a consortium of five partners. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) 

is the host organisation for ICG. Other partners in the centre are University of 

Oslo (UiO), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 

NORSAR, and Geological Survey of Norway (NGU). The consortium may be 

expanded with "associated partners" subject to agreement by all five main partners. 

ICG’s objective is to be an international centre of expertise on basic and 

applied research on geo-related natural hazards (geohazards), such as landslides, 

earthquakes and tsunamis. The aim is to develop knowledge that can 

help save lives and reduce damage to infrastructure and the environment. 

Another aim is to train graduate students and highly-qualified researchers from 

Norway and abroad. 

2 ORGANISATION OF ICG 

ICG has its own Board of Directors (Steering Committee). Each of the ICG 

partners, NGI, NTNU, UiO, NORSAR and NGU, has a representative on the 

Steering Committee. In addition, the Steering Committee has at least one 

external representative from Norway and one international representative. The 

Research Council of Norway may also appoint a member to the Steering Committee. 

ICG has associated partners, e.g. University of Tromsø, but they do not 

have a representative on the Steering Committee. 

As the host organisation, NGI appointed the director of ICG, and NGI’s representative 

is the chairman of the Steering Committee. 

The activities of the ICG are grouped into three categories: 

1. Research projects 

2. Training and education 

3. International networking and dissemination of information 

The organisation chart and the project chart of ICG are shown on the following 

pages. The ICG projects and other ICG activities are elaborated further later in 

the report. 



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Board of Directors 

Kaare Høeg (UiO/NGI), Chairman Philippe Jeanjean (BP) 

Morten Smelror (NGU) Steinar Nordal (NTNU) 

Anders Elverhøi (UiO) Hallvard Berg (NVE) 

Anders Dahle (NORSAR) Tor-Inge Tjelta (Statoil) 

ICG Project 1 

Project Manager 

Researchers 

Students 

Technical Adviser 

Prof. Kaare Høeg 



Researchers 

Students 

Organisation chart of ICG as of 31 December 2007 



Researchers 

Students 

NGI 

Suzanne Lacasse 

Managing Director 

Dr. Farrokh Nadim, Director 

Bjørn Kalsnes, Deputy Director 

Tini van der Harst, Administrative Assistant 

ICG Research Projects and Themes 



Researchers 

Students 



Researchers 

Students 

International Scientific Advisors 

Prof. Gholamreza Mesri (U.of Illinois) 

Prof. Herbert H. Einstein (MIT) 

Prof. Steven Kramer (U. of Washington) 

Prof. Kok-Kwang Phoon (Nat. U. of Singapore) 

Theme A - Theme Coordinator Theme B - Theme Coordinator Theme C - Theme Coordinator 

ICG Project N 


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Researchers 

Students


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ICG Project Project Managers Guest Researchers 

Risk and vulnerability analysis for geohazards Dr. Suzanne Lacasse (NGI) 

Dr. Zenon Medina-Cetina, Dr. Jean Hutchinson, Nick Roberts, 

Arzu Erener, Marco Ranalli, Dr. Marco Uzielli 

Earthquakes – hazard, risk and loss estimation Prof. Hilmar Bungum (NORSAR) Dr. Daniela Kühn 

Stability of rock slopes Dr. Lars H. Blikra (NGU) Dr. Caterina Melchiorre, Prof. Mark Diederichs 

Geomechanical modelling Prof. Steinar Nordal (NTNU) Ian Lavielle Willoughby 

Offshore geohazards Dr. Maarten Vanneste (NGI) 

Dr. Shaoli Yang, Dr. Chris Baxter, Adriane Boscardin, Guanghai 

Hu 

Slope instability assessment and hazard zonation Dr. Kalle Kronholm (NGI) Sarah Gerin, Nele Meyer 

Slide Dynamics and mechanics of disintegration Prof. Anders Elverhøi (UiO) Dr. Fabio De Blasio 

Tsunami modelling and prediction Dr. Carl Harbitz (NGI) Dr. Sylfest Glimsdal 

Monitoring, remote sensing and early warning systems Dr. James Strout (NGI) Dr. Regula Frauenfelder 

PhD-candidates: 

Graziella Devoli (UiO) 

Roger Ebeltoft (NTNU) 

Maj Gøril Glåmen (NTNU) 

Gustav Grimstad (NTNU 

Guro Grøneng (NTNU) 

Jean-Sébastien L'Heureux (NTNU) 

Harald Iwe (UiO) 

Vidar Kveldsvik (NTNU) 

Finn Løvholt (UiO) 

Trond Nordvik (NTNU) 

Bård Romsdal (UiO) 

Samson Degago (NTNU) 

Hedda Breien (UiO) 

Arash Zakeri (UiO) 

José Cepeda (UiO) 

Technical Adviser 

Prof. Kaare Høeg 

Project chart of ICG as of 31 December 2007 

Dr. Farrokh Nadim, Director 

Bjørn Kalsnes, Deputy Director 

Tini van der Harst, Administrative Assistant 

Themes covering several projects Theme Coordinator 

Geophysics for geohazards 

GIT applications in geohazards 

Prevention and mitigation of geohazards 

ICG-affiliated PhD-candidates 

outside Norway in 2007: 

Matteo Pagliardi (Univ. of Paglia, Italy) 

Chang Shin Gue (Cambridge Univ., UK) 

Sook Ling Lee (Cambridge Univ., UK) 

Dr. Isabelle Lecomte (NORSAR) 

Prof. Andreas Kääb (UiO) 

Dr. Farrokh Nadim (NGI) 

PhDs awarded in 2007: 

Vikas Thakur (NTNU) 

Inger-Lise Solberg (NTNU) 

Sylfest Glimsdal (UiO) 

International Scientific Advisors 

Prof. Gholamreza Mesri (U.of Illinois) 

Prof. Herbert H. Einstein (MIT) 

Prof. Steven Kramer (U. of Washington) 

Prof. Kok-Kwang Phoon (Nat. U. of Singapore 

Professors from Norway active in ICG: 

Anders Elverhøi (UiO) 

Bernd Etzelmüller (UiO) 

Leiv-Jacob Gelius (UiO) 

Bjørn Gjevik (UiO) 

Lars Grande (NTNU) 

Svein Hamran (UiO) 

Kaare Høeg (UiO) 

Andreas Kääb (UiO) 

Hans Petter Langtangen (UiO) 

Terje Midtbø (NTNU) 

Farrokh Nadim (NTNU & UiO) 

Bjørn Nilsen (NTNU) 

Steinar Nordal (NTNU) 

Geir Kleivstul Pedersen (UiO) 

Rolf Sandven (NTNU) 



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3 ACTIVITIES OF ICG’S STEERING COMMITTEE 

The main responsibility of ICG’s Steering Committee is to set the priorities in 

the yearly research plans. The Steering Committee also acts as a technical 

advisor to the Director of ICG. 

The Steering Committee shall also discuss and deal with 

• annual budget 

• annual technical report(s) 

• annual financial report 

The annual technical and financial report (this document) is prepared by the 

Director of the Centre and delivered to the Managing Director of NGI, who is 

responsible for reporting the activities of ICG to The Research Council of 

Norway. 

The ICG Steering Committee is composed of: 

Prof. Kaare Høeg (UiO/NGI), Chairman 

Dr Morten Smelror (NGU) 

Prof. Anders Elverhøi (UiO) 

Mr Anders Dahle (NORSAR) 

Prof. Steinar Nordal (NTNU) 

Mr Hallvard Berg (NVE) 

Mr Tor-Inge Tjelta (Statoil) 

Dr Philippe Jeanjean (BP, USA) 

The Steering Committee held 2 meetings in 2007: 

Meeting No. 1/07: 23 May 2007 

Meeting No. 2/07: 5 December 2007 

The following meetings in 2008 are planned: 

Meeting No. 1/08: 26 March 2008 

Meeting No. 2/08: 3 December 2008 

One of the main topics of discussion for the ICG Steering Committee in 2008 

is the evaluation of different models for ICG’s future after 2012. 

4 TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES OF ICG IN 2007 

4.1 Core research activities 

ICG divided its technical activities in 2007 into nine projects, and significant 

progress was done on each: 



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• Risk and vulnerability analysis for geohazards 

• Earthquakes – hazard, risk and loss estimation 

• Stability of rock slopes 

• Geomechanical modelling 

• Offshore geohazards 

• Slope instability assessment and hazard zonation 

• Slide Dynamics and mechanics of disintegration 

• Tsunami modelling and prediction 

• Monitoring, remote sensing and early warning systems 

In addition to these projects, three "themes" that involve several projects were 

given high priority, and a Theme Coordinator was designated for streamlining 

the lateral cooperation among the technical projects in each theme: 

• Applications of geophysics to geohazards 

• Applications of Geographical Information Technology (GIT) to geohazards 

• Prevention and mitigation of geohazards 

Detailed information about the ICG technical projects and themes is available 

on the ICG web site www.geohazards.no. 

In 2007 the partners in the ICG were involved in several high profile national 

and international projects. Two of these projects are presented below. 

4.2 Natural hazards and civil conflicts in Asia Pacific countries 

The project ‘Natural Hazards and Civil Conflicts in Asia Pacific Countries’ 

was initiated by ICG/NGI in August 2007 upon request from the United 

Nations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) in Bangkok, 

and with financing from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ICG is 

coordinating the project in cooperation with the Centre of Excellence CSCW 

(Centre for Studies of Civil Wars) at PRIO, The Earth Institute at Columbia 

University in New York, International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) 

in Geneva, and Stene&Lahadji consultants in Paris. The ideas behind this 

project originate from several meetings between OCHA and NGI in 2006 

where the challenges in risk assessment and risk reduction were discussed. 

Based upon these meetings, OCHA asked NGI to outline a project proposal 

with support from NGI’s partners in the Natural Disasters Hotspots Project, 

which was carried out for the ProVention Consortium in 2002-2005. 

The purpose of the new project is to quantify the risks associated with both 

natural hazards and civil conflict for 53 countries in Asia Pacific (see map on 

Fig. 4.1), identify the hotspots on national and sub-national levels, and 

recommend mitigation measures for the hotspots. The same quantitative 

approach to risk assessment will be used for all the countries to ensure 

consistent modelling for the whole region. The term “risk”, in the context of 



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the project, refers to the expected degree of loss of lives in a defined area due 

to one or several threatening hazards within a given period. The main outcomes 

of the project will be i) predicted mortality loss data on a country basis for 

selected hazards, ii) hazard zonation maps that show geographical hotspot 

areas for single hazards and for multi-hazards on regional (sub-national) level, 

iii) tabulated indices that allow OCHA to rank the countries in terms of risk 

level, iv) vulnerability maps that show hotspots in terms of socioeconomic 

indices defining vulnerability, including ‘capacity gaps’, and v) proposals for 

preventive actions for selected hotspot risk countries in terms of how 

vulnerability can be reduced and/or how coping capacity could be improved. 

The project will develop methodologies and computation models that would 

allow the OCHA staff to update the predictions as the boundary conditions 

over time may change for some of the threats. 

Both natural hazards; such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, typhoons, 

tsunamis, volcanoes, droughts, and wildfires; and man-made hazards in form of 

social unrest/armed conflicts will be considered in the study. In many situations 

there is interaction between the two types of hazard. 

The results of this project will be presented at a regional workshop to be held 

in Bangkok, Thailand in January 2009. The project will also be presented to 

various United Nations organisations during a project workshop that ISDR has 

organised in Geneva, Switzerland on 18 April 2008. 

Figure 4.1 Preliminary map of earthquake and tropical storm hazard in Asia 

Pacific. 



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4.3 Event tree analysis of Åknes rock slide hazard 

Rock falls and rockslides are among the most dangerous natural hazards in 

Norway, mainly because of their tsunamigenic potential. The three most 

dramatic natural disasters in Norway in the 20 th century were tsunamis 

triggered by massive rockslides into fjords or lakes (Loen in 1905 and 1936 

and Tafjord in 1934, see Fig. 4.2), causing more than 170 fatalities. As public 

attention on natural hazards increases, the potential rockslides in the Storfjord 

region in western Norway have earned renewed focus. A massive rockslide at 

Åknes (Fig. 4.3) could be catastrophic as the tsunami triggered by the rockslide 

represents a major threat to the communities around the fjord. The 

Åknes/Tafjord project was initiated in 2005 by the municipalities, with funding 

from the Norwegian government, to investigate rockslides, establish 

monitoring systems and implement a warning and evacuation system to prevent 

fatalities, should a massive rockslide take place. 

Figure 4.2 Fjøra in Tafjord before (left) and after (right) rockslide-triggered 

tsunami in 1934. 

Figure 4.3 Location map for Åknes, Tafjord and Geiranger. 



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The potential disaster associated with a rockslide and tsunami involves many 

parties, with differing opinions and perceptions. As part of the on-going hazard 

and risk assessment and validation of the early warning system, event trees 

were prepared by pooling the opinion of engineers, scientists and stakeholders. 

The objective was to reach consensus on the hazard and risk associated with a 

massive rockslide at Åknes. An event tree is a graphical construction that 

describes the sequence of the occurrence of events in a logical system. The tree 

identifies the possible outcomes and contains estimates of their probability of 

occurrence. As the number of events increases, the construction fans out like 

the branches of a tree. Each path in the event tree represents a specific 

sequence of events, resulting in a particular consequence. The events are 

defined such that they are mutually exclusive. ETA is a valuable analysis tool 

because it is simple and graphic, it provides qualitative insight into a system, 

and it can be used to assess the reliability of a system in a quantitative manner. 

In a multi-disciplinary process such as the analysis of hazard and risk 

associated with natural hazards, a number of “experts”, specialists and 

stakeholders are assembled and need to agree on the numbers set on the 

branches of the event tree. One needs then to achieve ‘consensus’. Consensus 

derives from Latin, ‘cum’ meaning ‘together with’ and ‘sentire’ meaning to 

‘think’ or ‘feel’. Etymologically, ‘consensus’ therefore means to think or feel 

together. In a decision-making process, consensus aims to be: 

• inclusive: as many stakeholders as possible should be involved in the 

consensus decision-making process. 

• participatory: the process should actively solicit the input and 

participation of all decision-makers 

• cooperative: participants should strive to reach the best possible 

decision for the group and all of its members, rather than opt to pursue 

a majority opinion, potentially to the detriment of a minority. 

• egalitarian: all members of a consensus decision-making body should 

be allowed, as much as possible, equal input into the process; all 

members have the opportunity to table, amend, veto or "block" 

proposals. 

• solution-oriented: the decision-making body strives to emphasise 

common agreement rather than differences and use compromise and 

other techniques to reach decisions and resolve mutually-exclusive 

positions. 

The event trees were constructed by pooling the opinion of engineers, scientists 

and stakeholders. The objective was to reach consensus on the hazard, 

vulnerability and risk associated with a rockslide at Åknes and to quantify the 

hazard (probability of a rockslide and tsunami occurring) and the potential 

losses (human life and material and environmental damage). Different triggers 

for the rockslide were analysed. 

The ETA was carried out over three days, where scientists and stakeholders 

with relevant competence to grasp the situation as a whole were assembled. 



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The objectives of the analysis were also to examine the required parameters for 

an effective early warning system and suggest possible mitigation measures, 

e.g. drainage wells and drainage galleries. Progress is underway on the analysis 

and the results are only preliminary. 

The participant list for the results shown below included the following 

representatives: 

• manager for Åknes/Tafjord project 

• mayor of community 

• social scientist from community 

• city planner from community 

• policeman working on emergency plans and evacuation 

• local politician 

• representative from community office 

• directorate for safety and emergency preparedness 

• journalist/media 

• officer from ministry of highways 

• meteorologist 

• physical geographer 

• social geographer 

• geologist 

• engineering geologist 

• rock mechanics specialist 

• geotechnical engineer 

• tsunami specialist 

• instrumentation specialist 

• earthquake engineer 

• seismologist 

• mathematician 

• statistician 

• risk analysis specialist 

The following event trees were constructed during the three-day meeting: 

• event tree, rockslide due to seismic trigger 

• event tree, rockslide due to high pore pressure trigger 

• event tree, rockslide due to weathering and creep trigger 

• event tree, tsunami wave against Hellesylt 

• event tree, consequences of tsunami 

• event tree, optimum observations for early warning 

Event trees were constructed for three triggers of rock slope instability: 

earthquake, high pore pressure and weathering, creep and weakening of sliding 

plane. The event trees represent the judgment for the "today" (October 2007) 

situation. The trees set numbers for the probability of a slide within the next 



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year, but the probability changes with time. The event trees should therefore be 

updated as new information becomes available. 

Figure 4.4 Event tree for earthquake-triggered rockslide (M, Amax= 

earthquake magnitude and acceleration, PP=pore pressure) 

Figure 4.5 Event tree for tsunami propagation, given that rock slide has 

occurred (V= rockslide volume, R=run-up height) 

Figures 4.4 and 4.5 present two examples: (1) event tree for seismic triggering 

of the rockslide, and (2) event tree for tsunami propagation, given that the 

rockslide has occurred. The numbers are given to illustrate the process, and are 

not to be used as estimates for the rockslope at Åknes. 



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The consensus process with a group of scientists from several fields of 

expertise, including the geoscientific, political, social and public arenas, 

enabled the participants to quantify the probability of occurrence of a 

catastrophic rockslide and tsunami, examine the required parameters for 

effective early warning and discuss possible mitigation measures. Progress is 

still underway on these aspects of the analysis. 

5 NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, AND OTHER 

ICG ACTIVITIES IN 2007 

5.1 ICG Publications in 2007 

The ICG Publication List for 2007 is given in Appendix A. 

5.2 International contacts and activities 

In addition to the contacts and projects listed in the ICG Annual Reports for 

2003 through 2006, the following new international projects and contacts were 

initiated. 

Two international workshops in connection with the Åknes/Tafjord project in 

August 2007: a workshop in Oslo hazard and risk assessment using event trees 

(see Section 4.3), and a field trip and workshop in Geiranger on the potential 

Åknes rock slide and tsunami. Most of the top international tsunami experts 

attended the latter workshop. 

NGI/ICG continued work on two regional network programmes, one in Asia 

and one in Central America, to increase the local competence in managing 

risks related to different types of landslides. Work also continued on a third 

regional project in the Caribbean to increase the local competence in managing 

risks related to tsunamis, earthquakes and landslides. The ICG partners NGI, 

NORSAR and UiO are involved in the Caribbean project. 

The ICG partners NORSAR and NGI are involved in several institutional cooperation 

projects in India and Pakistan with focus on problems related to 

earthquakes, landslides and tsunamis. 

ICG personnel were heavily involved in the organisation and planning of 

several large and important conferences, including: 

• Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, April-May 2007 

• First International Symposium on Geotechnical Safety & Risk, 

Shanghai, China, October 2007 

• Landslide Risk Management Forum, Hong Kong (December 2007) 

• 10 th International Symposium on Landslides and Engineered Slopes, 

Xi’an, China, June-July 2008 

• 33 rd International Geological Congress, Oslo, August 2008 



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5.3 Web site 

The web site of ICG is www.geohazards.no. The web site was redesigned in 

May 2005, and it is the main channel for disseminating information about ICG 

to the general public, as well as the specialists. 

6 DOCTORAL CANDIDATES AND GUEST RESEARCHERS IN 2007 

ICG’s PhD-candidates in 2007 

Name Nationality University Financial source 

Graziella Devoli Italy UiO NGI 

Appointment 

period in 2007 

01/01 – 31/12 100 

Roger Ebeltoft Norway NTNU NTNU/Vegvesenet 01/01 – 31/12 100 

Sylfest Glimsdal * Norway UiO UiO/SIMULA 01/01 – 31/12 25 

Maj Gøril Glåmen Norway NTNU NTNU 01/01 – 31/12 100 

Guro Grøneng Norway NTNU ICG 01/01 – 31/12 100 

Harald Iwe Norway UiO NGI/ICG 01/01 – 31/12 25 

Vidar Kveldsvik Norway NTNU NGI/ICG 01/01 – 31/12 100 

Finn Løvholt Norway UiO NGI/ICG 01/01 – 31/12 75 

Bård Romstad Norway UiO UiO/ICG 01/01 – 31/12 100 

Inger Lise Solberg * Norway NTNU ICG/NTNU/NGU/NVE 01/01 – 30/06 50 

Vikas Thakur * India NTNU NTNU 01/01 – 31/10 100 

Trond Nordvik Norway NTNU NTNU 01/01 – 31/12 100 

Jean-Sébastien L’Heureux Canada NTNU NTNU/Vegvesenet/ICG 01/01 – 31/12 100 

Gustav Grimstad Norway NTNU NTNU 01/08 – 31/12 100 

Hedda Breien Norway UiO Vista Programme 01/01 – 31/12 100 

José Cepeda El Salvador UiO ICG / Quota Prog. 01/01 – 31/12 100 

Arash Zakeri Canada UiO ICG 01/01 – 31/12 100 

Chang Shin Gue Malaysia Cambridge 

Univ., UK 

NGI/ICG 01/01 – 31/12 100 

Sook Ling Lee Malaysia Cambridge 

Univ., UK 

NGI/ICG 01/01 – 31/12 100 

* 

PhD thesis successfully defended and doctoral degree awarded in 2007. 

Percent 

engagement 



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Post-doctoral and guest researchers at ICG in 2007 

Position Name Nationality Academic Appointment Financial source 

degree period in 2007 

Post-doc. Dr Zenon Medina-Cetina Mexico Ph.D. 01/01 – 31/12 NGI 

Post-doc. Dr Shaoli Yang China Ph.D. 01/01 – 31/08 NGI / ICG 

Post-doc. Dr Daniela Kühn Germany Ph.D. 08/10 – 31/12 ICG / NORSAR 

Post-doc. Dr Fabio De Blasio Italy Ph.D. 01/01 – 31/12 UiO / ICG 

Post-doc. Dr Caterina Melchiorre Italy Ph.D. 01/01 – 31/12 ICG 

Post-doc. Dr Regula Frauenfelder Switzerland Ph.D. 01/10 – 30/11 NGI 

Post-doc. Dr Sylfest Glimsdal Norway Ph.D. 01/09 – 15/11 NGI 

Visiting 

professor 

Prof. Chris Baxter USA Ph.D. 01/08 – 31/12 NGI 

Visiting 

professor 

Prof. Jean Hutchinson Canada Ph.D. 01/08 – 30/11 NGI 

Visiting 

professor 

Prof. Mark Diederichs Canada Ph.D. 01/08 – 30/11 NGI 

Guest 

researcher 

Ian Lavielle Willoughby USA MSc 31/08 – 14/10 NTNU 

Guest 

researcher 

Nick Roberts Canada MSc 01/02 – 31/05 ICG 

Guest 

researcher 

Nele Meyer Germany MSc 15/02 – 15/07 ICG 

Guest 

researcher 

Guanghai Hu China MSc 15/02 – 15/05 China 

Guest 

researcher 

Marco Ranalli 1 Italy MSc 01/08 – 31/12 EU 

Guest 

researcher 

Arzu Erener 2 Turkey MSc 01/01 – 31/03 ICG 

Guest 

researcher 

Adriane Boscardin 3 USA MSc 01/02 – 15/09 NSF 

Guest 

researcher 

Sarah Gerin 4 France MSc 15/03 – 15/09 ICG 

1 

PhD-candidate at University of Bologna, Italy 

2 

PhD-candidate at Middle East Technical University, Turkey 

3 

PhD-candidate at University of Massachusetts, USA 

4 

PhD-candidate at Paris-7 University, France 

7 ACCOUNTING 2007 

7.1 Cash funding (kNOK) 

The numbers below are minimum estimates. The actual cash funding from ICG 

partners and other industrial sources are greater. 

Activity 

RCN NGI 

Funding 

NGU/NORSAR/ 

UiO/NTNU 

Other/ 

Industrial 

SUM 

Technical Projects 9,410 6,000 4,700 4,700 24,810 

Non-technical activities 1,070 700 - - 1,770 

Administration & Steering 

Committee meetings 

1,520 500 

- - 2,020 

Total 12,000 7,200 4,700 4,700 28,600 



Date: 2008-03-31 

Rev.: - 


Page: 17 

7.2 In kind (kNOK) 

The numbers below are minimum estimates. The actual numbers are higher. 

Contribution NGI NGU NTNU UiO NORSAR 

Personnel 2,000 200 0 * 0 * 200 

IT 500 500 100 100 500 

Office spaces 2,000 600 500 500 300 

Laboratory/Equipment 500 50 100 100 100 

Project work / proposals/ etc. 1,000 200 500 500 700 

Stipend to PhD-candidates 900 130 1,900 1,300 - 

TOTAL 6,900 1,680 3,100 2,500 1,800 

* Included in "Project work / proposals/ etc." 

8 PLANNED ACTIVITIES AND BUDGET FOR 2008 

8.1 Research Projects 

The following projects were approved for 2007 by the Board of Directors: 

• Risk and vulnerability analysis for geohazards 

• Earthquake hazard, risk and loss 

• Stability of rock slopes 

• Geomechanical modelling 

• Offshore geohazards 

• Slope instability assessment and hazard zonation 

• Slide dynamics 

• Tsunami modelling and prediction 

• Monitoring, remote sensing and early warning systems 

In addition, 3 cross-expertise areas that involve several projects have assigned 

"theme coordinators": 

• Applications of geophysics to geohazards 

• Applications of Geographical Information Technology (GIT) to 

geohazards 

• Prevention and mitigation 

In addition the graduate (MSc and PhD) programmes initiated respectively in 

2003 and 2005 at UiO and NTNU are continuing. 

8.2 International networking 

Travels to disaster prevention and natural hazard centres in USA, China and 

France are planned. Active participation (lecturing) in 10-20 international 

conferences is planned for 2008. In most cases, ICG representatives are asked 

to give keynote or state-of-the-art lectures. 



Date: 2008-03-31 

Rev.: - 


Page: 18 

8.3 EU proposals and projects with financing from other sources 

This will be a continuous activity throughout the existence of ICG. 

ICG is already involved in the Integrated Project LESSLOSS, the STREP 

Projects IRASMOS, TRANSFER and SAFER, and the I3-project NERIES 

(Network of Research Infrastructure for European Seismology) in European 

Commission’s 6 th Frame Programme. In the 7 th Frame Programme, ICG 

partners have submitted the following proposals in topics related to 

geohazards: 

• MOVE (Methods for the Improvement of Vulnerability Assessment in 

Europe) – Final stages of negotiation with European Commission. 

• MODEM (Modelling of scenarios, mitigation techniques and tools for 

management of risks derived from flash floods in mountain basins) – 

proposal submitted on 25 Feb. ’08. 

• SHARE (Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe) – proposal 

submitted on 25 Feb. ’08. 

• SAFELAND (Living with landslide risk in Europe: Assessment, effects 

of global change and risk management strategies) – proposal submitted 

on 25 Feb. ’08. 

The last proposal is a large integrating project, which will be coordinated by 

ICG if it is funded by the European Commission. 

The project GeoExtreme, financed by the NORKLIMA programme of the 

Research Council of Norway, is executed by ICG partners NGU and NGI, 

together with the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, CICERO and 

Norwegian Meteorological Institute. 

8.4 Organising conferences and workshops in 2008 and 2009 

ICG is a major contributor to the 33 rd International Geological Congress 

(33IGC), which will be held in Oslo in August 2008. This will be the largest 

scientific conference ever held in Norway with an estimated 6000 to 8000 

participants. Geohazards is one of the major themes of 33IGC. In addition to 

the many geohazards-related technical sessions that are convened by the ICG 

researchers, two special sessions will be arranged by ICG: a "Geohazards Day" 

with invited international experts, and the Symposium "A tribute to Professor 

Kaare Høeg" (Prof. Høeg is the chairman of ICG Steering Committee). 

8.5 ICG budget for 2008 

The table below reflects funding from The Research Council of Norway only. 

Considerable cash and in-kind contributions from the ICG partners and other 

sources of funding come in addition to the amounts below (see Section 7). 



Date: 2008-03-31 

Rev.: - 


Page: 19 

ICG budget in 2008 based on funding from The Research Council of Norway 

Funding from 

Activity 

Research 

Council (kNOK) 

Comments SUM 

9 technical projects 10,280 See Section 8.1. 

Graduate programmes on 

geohazards 

300 

Coordination of 3 themes 590 See Section 8.1. 

IT solutions, EU Proposals, web 

site & information, conference 

participation 

910 

International networking 200 

Administration & Steering 

Committee meetings 

1,500 

Contingency 220 

Total kNOK 14,000 

Total for technical 

projects = kNOK 11,170 

Total for non-technical activities = 

kNOK 2,830 

The total expenditure charged to the funds provided by The Research Council 

of Norway is budgeted to be kNOK 14,000 in 2008. Given the momentum of 

ICG, and the convincing results obtained so far, a major challenge for ICG is 

complete its activities for an annual budget of 12 MNOK from RCN. For this 

reason, ICG has requested an annual funding of 14 MNOK from RCN for the 

first two years of the 2008-2012 period, which is to be compensated by a 

reduced funding of 8 MNOK in 2012. 


Kontroll- og referanseside/ 

Review and reference page 

Oppdragsgiver/Client 

The Research Council of Norway 

Kontraktsreferanse/ 

Contract reference 

SFF – ICG 146035/420 

Dokumenttittel/Document title 

International Centre for Geohazards – Annual report – 2007 

Prosjektleder/Project Manager 

Farrokh Nadim 

Utarbeidet av/Prepared by 

Farrokh Nadim 

Emneord/Keywords 

Land, fylke/Country, County 

Kommune/Municipality 

Sted/Location 

Kartblad/Map 

UTM-koordinater/UTM-coordinates 

Dokument nr/Document No. 

20031103-5 

Dato/Date 

2008-03-31 

Distribusjon/Distribution 

� Fri/Unlimited 

� Begrenset/Limited 

� Ingen/None 

Havområde/Offshore area 

Feltnavn/Field name 

Sted/Location 

Felt, blokknr./Field, Block No. 

Kvalitetssikring i henhold til/Quality assurance according to 

NS-EN ISO9001 

Kon- 

Dokument/Document Revisjon 1/Revision 1 Revisjon 2/Revision 2 

trollert 

av/ 

Reviewed 

by 

FNa 

Kontrolltype/ 

Type of review 

Helhetsvurdering/ 

General 

Evaluation * 

SL Språk/Style 

SL 

Teknisk/Technical 

- Skjønn/Intelligence 

- Total/Extensive 

- Tverrfaglig/ 

Interdisciplinary 

THa Utforming/Layout 2008.03.31 

SL Slutt/Final 2008.03.31 

Kopiering/Copy quality 

Kontrollert/Reviewed Kontrollert/Reviewed Kontrollert/Reviewed 

Dato/Date 

2008.03.31 

Sign. Dato/Date Sign. Dato/Date Sign. 

* Gjennomlesning av hele rapporten og skjønnsmessig vurdering av innhold og presentasjonsform/ 

On the basis of an overall evaluation of the report, its technical content and form of presentation 

Dokument godkjent for utsendelse/ 

Document approved for release 

Dato/Date 

31 March 2008 

Sign.


Date: 2008-03-31 

Rev.: 


Appendix A – ICG Publications in 2007 Page: A1 

Appendix A - ICG Publications in 2007 

f:\p\2003\11\20031103\icg annual reports\2007-annual-report\appa_icg-publications-2007.doc FNa/tha


Date: 2008-03-31 

Rev.: 



NOTE: ICG Publication numbers 1 – 132 are listed in previous ICG Annual 

Reports. Some earlier references missing in the previous lists are 

included below. 

133. Kvalstad, T.J. (2007) 

What is the Current "Best Practice" in Offshore Geohazard Investigations? A 

State-of-the-Art Review. 

OTC 18545, Offshore Technology Conference ’07, Houston, Texas, May 2007. 

134. Lacasse, S., Nadim, F., Rahim, A. and Guttormsen, T.R. (2007) 

Statistical description of characteristic soil properties. 

OTC-19117, Offshore Technology Conference ’07, Houston, Texas, May 2007, 

8 pp. 

135. Harbitz, Løvholt & Glimsdal (2007) 

Tsunamis generated by earthquakes and gravity mass flows - recent studies and 

future challenges for offshore geohazards. 

OTC-18602 , Offshore Technology Conference ’07, Houston, Texas, May 2007, 

9 pp. 

136. Gauer, P., De Blasio, F.V. and Elverhøi, A. (2007) 

An International Perspective I or II: Dynamic Modelling of Submarine Slide 

Run-Out/Submarine Mass Movements; Where Do We Stand and What Are the 

Main Challenges? 

OTC-18597, Offshore Technology Conference '07, Houston, Texas, May 2007, 

7 pp. 

137. Vanneste, M., Westerdahl, H., Sparrevik, P., Madshus, C., Lecomte, I., 

Zühlsdorff, L. (2007) 

Shear-Wave Source for Offshore Geohazard Studies: A Pilot Project to Improve 

Seismic Resolution and Better Constrain the Shear Strength of Marine 

Sediments. 

OTC-18756 Offshore Technology Conference '07, Houston, Texas, May 2007, 

15 pp. 

138. Andresen, L. and Jostad, H.P. (2007) 

Numerical Modeling of Failure Mechanisms in Sensitive Soft Clay - Application 

to offshore geohazards. 

OTC 18640, Offshore Technology Conference '07, Houston, Texas, May 2007, 

7pp 

139. Solheim, A., Forsberg, C.F., Yang, S., Kvalstad, T.J., Longva, O. and Rise, L. 

(2007) 

The Role of Geological Setting and Depositional History in Offshore Slope 

Instability. 

OTC 18720, Offshore Technology Conference '07, Houston, Texas, May 2007. 



Date: 2008-03-31 

Rev.: 



140. Nadim, F., Biscontin, G. and Kaynia, A.M. (2007) 

Seismic Triggering of Submarine Slides. 


8pp. 

141. Yang, S., Kvalstad, T.J., Solheim, A. and Forsberg, C.F. (2007) 

Slope Stability at Northern Flank of Storegga slide. 

Proc. of the 17 th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference 

(ISOPE), Lisbon, Portugal, July 1-6, 2007, pp. 1524-15129. ISBN 978-1- 

880653-68-5; ISBN 1-880653-68-0(Set); ISSN 1098-6189 (Set). 

142. Lacasse, S., Nadim, F. and DiBiagio, E. (2007) 

Geohazards assessment and mitigation, a geotechnical perspective. 

The 2007 Kersten Lecture. University of Minnesota 55th Annual Geotechnical 

Engineering Conference, Continuing Education and Conference Center, 16 

March 2007. 

143. Eilertsen, R.S., Hansen, L., Bargel, T.H. and Solberg, I.-L. (2007) 

Clay slides in the Målselv valley, northern Norway: Characteristics, occurrence, 

and triggering mechanisms. 

Geomorphology 93 (2008), pp. 548-562. Doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.03.013. 

144. Lacasse, S., Nadim, F., and DiBiagio, E. (2007) 

Geohazards assessment and mitigation, a geotechnical perspective. 

International Geotechnical Symposium "Geotechnical Engineering for Disaster 

Prevention & Reduction", 25-27 July 2007, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia. 

145. Lacasse, S. and Nadim, F. (2007) 

Probabilistic geotechnical analyses for offshore facilities. 

Georisk, Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2007, pp. 21–42. 

146. Yang, S., Nadim, F., and Forsberg, C.F. (2007). 

Probability study on submarine slope stability. 

Third international conference for "Submarine mass movements and their 

consequences", Santorini, Greece, October, 2007. 

147. Gauer, P., Lied, K., and Kristensen, K. (2007) 

On avalanche measurements at the Norwegian full-scale test-site Ryggfonn. 

Cold Region Science and Technology. 

148. Strout, J.M., and Tjelta, T.I. (2007) 

Excess pore pressure measurement and monitoring for offshore instability 

problems. 


10pp. 



Date: 2008-03-31 

Rev.: 



149. Tjelta, T.I., Svanø, G:, Strout,J.M., Forsberg, C.F., Planke, S. and Johansen, H. 

(2007) 

Gas Seepage and Pressure Buildup at a North Sea Platform Location: Gas 

Origin, Transport Mechanisms, and Potential Hazards. 


11pp. 

151. H. Breien, Pagliardi, M., Elverhøi, A., De Blasio, F.V. and Issler, D. (2007) 

Experimental studies of subaqueous vs. subaerial debris flows - velocity 

characteristics as a function of the ambient fluid. 

Proc. Submarine massmovements and their consequences - 3rd International 

Symposium, pp. 101-110. 

152. Vanneste, M., Berndt, C., Laberg, J.S. and Mioenert, J. (2007) 

On the origin of large shelf embayments on glaciated margins - effects of lateral 

ice flux variations and glacio-dynamics West of Svalbard. 

Quaternary Science Reviews 26 (2007), pp. 2406-2419. 

Doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.05.005. 

153. De Blasio, F.V. (2007) 

Production of frictional heat and hot vapour in a model of self-lubricating 

landslides. 

Technical Note to Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. DOI 

10.1007/s00603-007-0153-8. 

154. Lacasse, S., Nadim, F. and Uzielli, M. (2007) 

Risk Assessment for Landslides. 

ECSMGE 2007, Madrid, Spain. 24-27 September 2007, 8 pp. 

155. Kjekstad, O. (2007) 

The challenges of landslide hazard mitigation in developing countries. 

Keynote Lecture presented at 1st North-American Landslide Conference, Vail, 

Colorado 3-8 June 2007 

156. Sharma, M., Malik, S., Kumar, A., Lindholm, C., Bungum, H. and Kanya, A. 

(2006) 

Seismic Microzonation of Dehradun. 

Workshop on Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment under the Indo-Norwegian 

Programme on Institutional Cooperation, New Delhi, India, March 18-19, 2006. 

157. Kolapte, N., Mulat, T., Pal, S., Paul, D.K., Kaynia, A.M. and Bhasin, R.K. 

(2006) 

Seismic Response of Underground Cavities in Jointed Rock Mass using DEM. 





Date: 2008-03-31 

Rev.: 



158. Düzgün, H.S.B. and Bhasin, R.K. (2007) 

Affect of shear strength critera selection in probablistic rock slope stability 

analysis: A case study for a jointed rock slope in Norway. 

Rock Mechanics: Meeting Society's Challenges and Demands - Eberhardt, Stead 

& Morrison (eds). Proc. of the first Canada-US Rock Mechanics Symposium 

Vancouver, 27-31 May 2007, pp. 951-957 

159. Nadim, F. and Glade, T. (2006) 

On tsunami risk assessment for the west coast of Thailand. 

Proceedingss of ECI Conference on Geohazards, edited by: Nadim, F., Pöttler, 

R., Einstein, H., Klapperich, H. & Kramer, S. ECI Symposium Series, 7, 

http://services.bepress.com/eci/geohazards/28. 

160. Medina-Cetina, Z., Ghanem, R. and Rechenmacher, A.L. (2007) 

A functional Bayesian method for the solution of inverse problems with spatiotemporal 

parameters. 

Proc. 6 th European LS-DYNA Users’ Conference, Gothenburg, Sweden, 29-30 

May. 

161. Pal, S., Paul, D.K., Pandey, A.D., Bhasin, R.K. and Kaynia, A.M. (2006) 

Case Studies of Dam Failures: A Geological Insight. 



162. Bhasin, R.K., Kaynia, A.M., Paul, D.K. , Singh, Y. and Pal, S. (2006) 

Effects of Seismicity on Rock Support in Tunnels of Different Sizes. 


Programme on Institutional Cooperation, New Delhi, India, March 18-19, 2006 

163. Prasad, J.S.R., Singh, Y., Kaynia, A.M. and Lindholm, C. (2006) 

Seismic Risk Assessment of Dehradun City. 

Proc., 13 th Symp. on Earthq. Eng. (D. Paul, A. Kumar & M. Sharma, Eds.), 

Indian Institute of Technology Rorkee, India, 18-20 Dec. 2006, pp. 287-294 

164. Lindholm, C.D:, Bungum, H., Oye, V. and Molina, S. (2006) 

Near Real-Time Damage Estimation. 


Indian Institute of Technology Rorkee, India, 18-20 Dec. 2006, pp. 279-286. 

165. Løvholt, F., Harbitz, C.B., Glimsdal, S., Bungum, H., Lindholm, C.D. and 

Pedersen, G. (2006) 

Tsunami hazard and risk along the West Coast of Thailand. 


Indian Institute of Technology Rorkee, India, 18-20 Dec. 2006, pp. 209-216. 



Date: 2008-03-31 

Rev.: 



166. Bungum, H. (2006) 

Modelling earthquake activities on faults. 


Indian Institute of Technology Rorkee, India, 18-20 December 2006, pp. 1-8. 

167. Sharma, M., Bungum, H., Kumar, A. and Bhattacharya, A. (2006). 

Development of strong ground motion attenuation relationships for spectral 

accelerations for the Himalayan region. 

Proc., Workshop on Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment under the Indo- 

Norwegian Programme on Institutional Cooperation, New Delhi, India, March 

18-19, 2006, SHRA-01, 8 pp. 

168. Vanneste, M., Harbitz, C.B., De Blasio, F.V., Glimsdal, S., Mienert, J. and 

Elverhøi, A. (2007) 

The Hinlopen-Yermak Slide, Arctic Ocean - Geomorphology, landlide dynamics 

and tsunami simulations. 

Contribution to: The importance of Mass-Transport Deposits in Deepwater 

Settings, Society of Sedimentary Geology - Special Publication. Editors: C. 

Shipp, P. Weimer, H. Posamentier. 

169. Hansen, L., Eilertsen, R.S., Solberg, I.L., Sveian, H. & Rokoengen, K (2007) 

Facies Characteristics, Morphology and Depositional Models of Clay-Slide 

Deposits in Terraced Fjord Valleys, Norway. 

Sedimentary Geology, 202, pp. 710-729 

170. Solberg, I.L., Hansen, L., Rokoengen, K., Sveian, H. & Olsen, L. (2007) 

Deglaciation history and landscape development of fjord-valley deposits in 

Buvika, Mid Norway. Boreas. 

171. Solberg, I.L., Rønning, J.S., Dalsegg, E., Hansen, L., Rokoengen, K. & 

Sandven, R. (2007) 

Resistivity measurements as a tool for outlining quick-clay extent and valley-fill 

stratigraphy: a feasability study from Buvika, Central Norway. Canadian 

Geotechnical Journal. 

172. Solberg, I.L., Hansen, L. and Rokoengen, K. (2007) 

Distribution of clay slides in fjord-valley deposits and their role in valley 

development, example from Mid Norway. 

In: Proceedings of 1 st North American Landslide Conference, Vail, Colorado, 

June 3-8 2007. AEG Special Publication NO. 23. p. 472-487. ISBN 978-0-975- 

42953-2. 



Date: 2008-03-31 

Rev.: 



173. Solberg, I.L. (2007) 

Geological, geomorphological and geophysical investigations of areas prone to 

clay slides: Examples from Buvika, Mid Norway. PhD thesis. Department of 

Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering, Norwegian University of Science 

and Technology, 213 pp. 

174. Solberg, I.L., Hansen, L. & Rokoengen, K. (2007) 

Large, prehistoric clay slides revealed in road excavations in Buvika, Mid- 

Norway. Landslides. 

175. Yang, S.L., Medina-Cetina, Z. and Nadim, F. (2007). 

Uncertainty analysis on remoulded undrained shear strength of marine clay 

ISGSR2007 First International Symposium on Geotechnical Safety & Risk, 

October 18-19, Shanghai. Tongji University, China 

176. Lyså, A., Hansen, L., Christensen, O., l`Heureux, J.S., Longva, O., Olsen, H. 

and Sveian, H. (2007) 

Landscape evolution and slide processes in a glacio-isostatic rebound area; a 

combined marine and terrestrial approach. 

Marine Geology, 248, pp. 53-73. 

177. Kveldsvik, V., Nilsen, B., Einstein, H.E. and Nadim, F. (2007) 

Alternative approaches for analyses of a 100,000 m3 rock slide based on 

Barton–Bandis shear strength criterion 

Landslides, DOI 10.1007/s10346-007-0096-x 

178. Nadim, F. and Kvalstad, T.J. (2007) 

Risk assessment and management for offshore geohazards. 



179. Medina-Cetina, Z. and Nadim, F. (2007) 

Stochastic Design of Early Warning System 



180. Robert, N.J., Nadim, F. and Kalsnes, B. (2007) 

Quantification of vulnerability to natural hazards 



181. L'Heureux, J.-S., Longva, O., Hansen, L. and Vingerhagen, G. (2007). 

The 1990 submarine slide outside the Nidelv river mouth, Trondheim, Norway. 

Proc. Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences - 3rd International 

Symposium (eds.: Lykousis, V., Sakellariou, D. and Locat, J.), pp. 259-267. 



Date: 2008-03-31 

Rev.: 



182. Lecomte, I., Bano, M., Hamran, S.-E., Dalsegg, E., Nielsen, K.-M, Holst 

Nielsen, M., Douillet, G., Frery, E., Guy, A. and Volesky, S. (2007) 

Submarine Slides at Finneidfjord (Norway): Geophysical Investigations. 

SAGEEP conference in April 2008 in Philadelphia 

183. Fell, R., Ho, K.K.S, Lacasse, S. and Leroi, E. (2005). 

A framework for landslide risk assessment and management. 

State of the Art Paper 1. International Conference on Landslide Risk Management, 

Vancouver, Canada, 31 May-2 June 2005. (tidl. ICG nr. 73), pp. 3-25 

184. Erener, A. and Lacasse, S. (2007) 

Landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS. 

Proc. CRS 2007 The 28th Asian Conference on remote sensing,. 12-16 

November 2007 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA. 

185. Erener, A., Lacasse, S. and Kaynia, A.M. (2007) 

Landslide hazard mapping by using GIS in the Lilla Edet province of Sweden. 

Proc. CRS 2007 The 28th Asian Conference on remote sensing,. 12-16 

November 2007 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA. 

186. Breien, H., De Blasio, F., Elverhøi, A. and Høeg, K. (2007) 

Erosion and morphology of a debris flow caused by a glacial lake outburst flood. 

Landslides, Online First: DOI 10.1007/s10346-0118-3 

187. Blikra, L.H. (2008) 

The Åknes rockslide; monitoring, threshold values and early-warning 

10 th International Symposium on Landslides and Engineered Slopes, Xi’an, 

China, 30 June – 3 July. 

188. Uzielli, M. and Lacasse, S. (2007) 

Scenario-based probabilistic estimation of direct loss for geohazards. 

Georisk, Vol. 1, No. 3, September 2007, 142–154. 

ISSN 1749-9518 print/ISSN 1749-9526 online. DOI: 

10.1080/17499510701636581 

189. Low, B.K., Lacasse, S. and Nadim, F. (2007) 

Slope reliability analysis accounting for spatial variation. 

Georisk, Vol. 1, No. 4, December 2007, 177-189. 

ISSN 1749-9518 print/ISSN 1749-9526 online. DOI: 

10.1080/17499510701772089.

International Centre for Geohazards (ICG)

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