1 - Mines Magazine - Colorado School of Mines

JANUARY 1960M I N E SM A G A Z I N E• Geochemical Prospecting• Carnival In the High Andes• Electrical Concentration of Minerals• Kerr-McGee Mineral Development and Research• Explosive Worlcing of Metals

CLASS NOTESWhen advising us of change of address,please confirm 3'our position or titie andconipany affiliation,1882-1930Robert McCart, Jr., 'OS, mining consultant,may be addressed at 5028 BryceAve., Ft. Worth 7, Texas.Ernest E. Thum, '06, has moved fromCleveland, Ohio, to Metals Park, Novelty,Ohio.Charles E. Prior, '13, raining director,Western Gold & Uranium, lives at 12301Ist Helena Dr., Los Angeles +9, Caiif.Frank T. A. Smith, '16, is living at 4-57Calle Mayor, Redondo Beach, Calif.Kenneth S. Ferguson, '17, gives hismailing address as P.O. Box 506, LaJolla, Calif.Victor J. Lynch, '20, mining engineer,[J. S. Bureau of Mines, is living at 381+Woodlake Dr., Knoxville IS, Tenn.Thomas J. Clifford, '21, general millsuperintendent, St. Joseph Lead Co., giveshis address as Route 2, Bonne Terre, Mo.John A. Poulin, '21, executive for SinclairOil Corp., lives at + East 70th St.,New York 21, N. Y.Walter Mayer, '22, senior engineer forCnnk Countv Highway Department, lives:ii 7S;;i) l.irnlvr Morton (Jnivc, III.iCMiliiTl !••. Keed, '22, cliief gcuhigisi forlii;.pi raiioii CoiiMilliiatcd Cojiper Cn., may!ic a^!dr^•^:^^•d af Ho\ 1(15, Inspirallun, All/.K. \\'. Puivi'!->. '25, hrani'li managerior Timken Kuller iiearing Co., lives ail(.+5 Avf., Kansas Cily Ifi, Mu.Arcli 1'. Iloyd. "Ad, Is mining [•iiginrcrliir .Alotnir ICnergv Cunirni^sioji wiili mailingaddress at 1520 E. Sherwood Dr.,Grand Junction, Colo.H. W. Haight, '27, vice president anddirector of Humble Oil & Reiining Co.,has changed his mailing address fromTulsa, Okla., to Box 2180, Houston 1,Texas.Field M. Davis, '28, president of Davis& Bates, Inc., may be addressed at 1724Milam Bidg., San Antonio, Texas.James B. Saunders, '30, has movedfrom Gunnison, Colo., to Telluride, Colo.His P. O. Box number is 51.1931-'40Gaylord R. Chase, '32, has been anM.D. since 1939. He lives at 2819 HaydenSt., Amarillo, Texas.Warren D, Caton, '35, is concentratortest engineer at the Ajo plant of PhelpsDodge on hatch or pilot plant flotationtesting including calcnlations and reportsof the work.Jean W. Pressler, '36, is metallurgicaladvisor for U. S. Bureau of Mines &LC.A., Seoul, Korea. His mailing addressis USOM/Korea, American Embassy,APO 301, San Francisco, Calif.Arthur W. Heuck, '36, has asked tohave his mailing address changed fromFrench Guiana to 1077 Elm Ave., LongBeach 13, Caiif.\V. ilriicc Biirlmur, "37, coiisul'.irsg pfJrolcum engineer, mny be aibirTSM'il ai''II Smilliwesl l^ldg., iloiislon 2, 'l'e^a^.William liaxier, 'VK bas muvcdfrom WeSiMcr (Jrovc, .Mo,, lo 902 Tuttedoiilvd., Si. l.nuis 19, Mil.T. I., (niudvis. '40, prfsidciilcrelc .VI a sun rv Cnrii., nia\ lie adiitvssi-dai I'oriat-'.e Dr., Vermilion, Oliio.1941-'45Frank B. Harris, '41, branch managerfor Ingersoll-Rand Co., has moved fromLos Angeles to 17 Martin Lane, Englewood,Coio.A. Leonard Smith, '41, is materials engineerfor ICA with mailing address c/oAm>erican Embassy (USOM), Colombo,Ceylon.William R. Peery, '42, has moved fromDenver to 5295 S. University Blvd., Littleton,Colo.Richard H. Shaw, '42, has moved fromDenver to Palo Aito, Calif., where he maybe addressed c/o Coronado EngineeringCo., Redwood Bidg., 800 Welch Rd.Irwin M. Glasser, '43, has moved fromCorpus Christi to Pleasanton, Texas,where he is district supervising engineer(a newly created position) for PlumbieOil & Refining Co. His address is Box 117.1946-'50J. G. Cunningham, '47, was transferredby Cal-Tex from Wapet, West Australiato Overseas Services, Philippines, in June1959. His present address is c/o Overs'eaaServices (Phil.) Inc., P.O. Box 1713,Manila, Philippines.S. Norman Domenico, '48, division geophysicaltechnical supervisor for PanAmerican Petroleum Corp., lives at 4447th Ave. S.W.. Calgary, Alberta, Canada.William l\ McNamara, '48, cimsniii-iiimnianageiiKTit mjiincer lor the Di-jia ritncnlof Inlcrior, is living al 922 Adams N.IC,AiluniinTiiiic, N. .M.Giiinn li. Mc;i/gcr, "48, i^ an [•:(rliange^luiieiii in tlfrmaiu dning gr.tduan- workfor I.lis .•\lanio>. His address is \'erlauiciitieiih-!)v .Aat ht-n, Haa i cnrrst rasse \' I,(Icrmanv.If PIPING is in your plansLet STEARNS-ROGER prefabricate itThe facilities and the skills are available here, in the most modern and complete pipefabricating shop in this region, to provide whatever is required in piping. We invite yourTHE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, I960Gilbert D. Borthick, Jr., '48, process engineerfor Bay Petroleum Corp., hasmoved from Enid, Okla., to 5465 FlowerCt., Arvada, Colo.Dr. Russeli C. Nelson, '49 and '51, andhis wife (the former Miss Dorothy Prouseof Golden) announce the birth of a son,Jeffrey Scott, on Dec. 3. Dr. Nelson isengineer-in-charge, metallurgical laboratory,Sylvania Electric Products, Inc. TheNelsons live at 208 Poplar St., Towanda,Pa.D'enman S. Galbraith, '49, is consultinggeologist with mailing address at 410Colorado Bldg., Denver 2, Colo.Hugh J. Matheson, '49, owner of ChandalarMining Co., Ft. Yukon, Alaska, livesat 1075 Riverview Dr., Fairbanks, Alaska.J. H. Pittinger, '49, division explorationmanager for Shell Oii Co., has been transferredfrom Houston to Corpus Christi,Texas, with mailing address c/o Shell OilCo., Box 1861.William D. Baker, '49, general superintendentfor ASARCO at Parral, Chih.,Mexico, has been laid up for 21 weekswith a broken leg and is just entering thehospital for another leg operation and18 more weeks of recuperation. Crutchesand casts do not appeal to Bill. He is addressedat Apartado 85.William L. Robbins, '49, is senior engineerfor Creole Petroleum Corp. withmailing address c/o Creole Petr. Corp.,Ing. de Petr., Tia Juana, Zulia, Venezuela.Walter H. Ortel, '49, independent geologist,has moved from Lubbock, Texas to1870 Iris, Denver IS, Colo.Donald I. Andrews, '50, has resigned asdistrict geologist for Continental Oi! andhas accepted a position as consultant withRodgers, Seglund and Shaw Assoc., oiland gas consultants. His office address is140S Pere Marquette Bldg., New Orleans,La.Arthur W. Wadman, Jr., '50, divisionexploitation geologist for Sunray MidcontinentOil Co., has moved from Tuisa to6140 Hoyt St., Arvada, Coio.M. I. Signer, Jr., manager of PotashDivision of International Mineral &Chemical Corp., has returned from a tripto Europe where he was on business forhis company. He visited Germany, Franceand Holland. His mailing address is Box299, Esterhazy, Sask., Canada.1951Harold W. Blakeb' has moved fromDelta, Colo., to 2S4 S. Tusher, Moab,Utah.Dr. John C. Ilagen is supervising geologistfor Midwest Ore Co. (The HannaMining Co.) with mailing address atIron Mountain, Mo.Victor Inraan, geologist-observer forStandard Oii Co. of Texas, has movedfrom Cuero to Alice, Texas. His P.O. Boxnumber is 957.Raymond M. Loeb, Jr., is petroleum research'engineer for ARAMCO with mailingaddress c/o Arabian American OilCo., Abqaiq No. 669, Dhahran, SaudiArabia.William B. Milliken III is research engineerfor Litton Industries with mailingaddress 19910 Gresham St., North ridge,Caiif.Wesley H. Parker's address is 16 Stark,Phillips, Texas.George H. Warburton, geophysicist forHumble Oil and Refining Co., lives at3927 Lisa Lane, Shreveport, La.1952Jackson Wayne Brown is employmentdirector for Geophysical Service Inc. with(Continued on page 16)THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960Within a five year period Appalachian Sulphides, Inc., (formerlyVermont Copper Co.) has purchased 42 Card Rocker DumpCars on four successive orders. The heavy sulfide ore is side-loadedby rocker-shovel, placing unusual strain on the cars. Card engineersworked closely with the customer to produce a 40 cubic foot carwhich does not break down under this service.The result is a car body of !ow-alloy high-strength steel plate,mine rail reinforced, and a frame nearly three times standardstrength with proportionately heavy rocker pedestals. It includesthe new Card safety locks. Ourengineers are always willing towork with you for the right solutionto some particular haulage problem.Standardize your haulage with aneconomical Card design.CS.Ca2501 WEST 16th AVE.,DENVER, CQLORADO

DLWineM a^azine |Volume L January, I960 Number ICONTENTS—GEOCHEMICAL PROSPECTING - - - - - - - 12By Haroid BloomCARNIVAL IN THE HIGH ANDES 17By Ben R. Hudson, '45FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICAL CONCENTRATIONOF MINERALS - - 20By Dr. James E. Lawver, '43MANAGING EDITORSEC. H. ROLL, '19L CARTER KAANTAEditorTED R. ROBERTSCirculationW. K. SUMMERSProductionKERR-McGEE MINERAL DEVELOPMENT ANDRESEARCH AT GOLDEN - - - - - - - - 28By V. L. MaHson, '26EXPLOSfVE WORKING OF METALS 31By Dr. John S. RinehartDEPARTMENTS-CLASS NOTES . _ . 2NEWS OF THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES 6TECHNICAL ADVISORSJAMES M. TAYLOR, '50PetroleumJOHN W. TYNAN, '-11PetroleumKIRK C. FORCADE, '36PetroleumEDMUND C. BITZER, '29MetallurgyLUTE J. PARKINSON, '23MiningS. POWER WARREN, '13MetallurgyT h e I m a g e o f C F & Ia s s u r e sThis Image—the CF&I giant—stands for hundredsof dependable steel products used by manyindustries. And the CF&I name is prominent inthe mining industry for such top-grade productsas grinding balls and grinding rods.For instance, the special analysis, hot-forgedsteel used in CF&I Grinding Balls gives uniformwearing qualities... high impact and abrasionresistance... maximum grinding efficiency.CF&I Grinding Rods are hot-rolled from steelquality steel Mining ProductsOTHER CF&I STEEL PRODUCTS FOR THE MINING INDUSTRYof special analysis, determined through years ofexperience to provide a hardness for high wearresistance, yet with a toughness to exclude bendingor premature breakage. All rods are machinestraightenedand their ends cut square so thatthey will freelyrotate in the rod mill for bettergrinding.We suggest you contact the nearest CF&I salesrepresentative. He'll be glad to discuss yourgrinding problems with you, or give you completeinformation on all CF&I Mining Products.CF&I Grader Blades • CFal Industrial Screens • CFsl Mine Rail and AccessoriesCF&I-Wickwire Rope• CF&I Rock Bolls and Realock Metallic FabricM I N I N G i = > R O D U C T STHE COLORADO FUEL AND IRON CORPORATIONIn fhe West; THE COLORADO FUEL AND IRON CORPORATION-Albuquerque • Amorillo • Biliings • Boise • Butte • Denver • E! Poso • Farmington • Ff. Worth • HouMonKansos City • Lincoln • Los Angeles • Ooklond • Oidahoma City • Phoenix • Portland • Pueblo • Salt Lake City • Son Froncisco • Son leandro • Seattle - Spokane • Wichito/r. the Easf.- WICKWIRE SPENCER STEEL DIVISION-Atlanta • Boston • Buffolo • Chicago • Detroit • Nev^ Orleans • New York • Phrtodelphio 6^25I THE MiNES MAGAZiNE • JANUARY, 1960TECHNICAL SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS - - - |0ALUMNI BUSINESS 34ALUMNI NEWS 35IN MEMORIAM 37CAMPUS HEADLINES 38FROM THE LOCAL SECTIONS 40PLANT NEWS 42BOOK REVIEWS 43FRONTCOVER—ADVERTISERS' LISTINGS—PAGE 45The 4000--ton per day mill atSt. Patrick's Copper Mines, Lid., Eire, was aproject of Denver Equipment Co. Ltd. of London wiiich supervised tlie design,construction and equipment installation for Irish Copper Mines Ltd. of Toronto.Ore contains one per cant copper and seven per cent sulphur. Ancient mineSECTION EDITORSW. E. HEiNRICHS, '30AVEUNO F. SUAREZ, '41E. E. HOPPER, '49JACK V. HILL, '44R. S. WHITE, '42J. S. IRWIN, JR., '54J. F. FOX, 'S2FRANK M. STEPHENS, JR.. '42ARVID N. ANDERSON, '54E. H. STERRETT, '48ED R. HAYMAKER, MlARTHUR C. MOST, JR., '38DAVE JOHNSTON, '54MARK K. SHIPMAN, '50MORAD MALEK-A5LANI. '52PAUL BINGEL, '53JAMES R. DANIELS, '51JOHN R. KAYKENDALL, '41W. R. CATROW, '41D. D. BOWLING, '49NORMAND. MALM, EX-'Z7HARLEY F. HOLLIDAY, '42JOHN E. THORNTON, '50GEO. E. ANDERSON, '49JOHN C. STODDARD, '52M, C. IRANI, '42CHARLES LEAF, '52J. C, WILKERSON, '3iBILL PRIGGE, '42E. W. MARKWARDTJAMES W. NEWELL, '52KENNETH H. MATHESON, JR., '4CHARLES T. BAROCH, '23workings may be seen in tiie background.OHicial Organ of and Copyriglit I960 by the Colorado School of Mines Alumni Association, Inc. Entered as Second Class matter af the Postoffice af Golden,Colorado under the Act of Congress of March 3, IB79. Subscription price 55.00 per year U.S. and Possessions. Single copies 75 cents, except special editions.$1.00 additiona! charge oufside U.S. and Possessions. Published every month in the year by the Colorado School of Mines Alumni Association. Address allcorrespondence relating to the Mines Magazine fo L. Carter Kaanta, Editor, I£I2 liiinois St,, Golden, Colorado.THE MINES MAGAZiNE • JANUARY, 1960 5

NEWS of the MINERAL INDUSTRIESKerr-McGee, AEC SignNew Five-Year ContractAn extended uranium concentratepurchase contract was signed recentlyb5' Kerr-McGee Oil Industries, Inc.,of Oklahoma City, and thc U. S.Atomic Energy Commission, for continuedoperation of the 300-ton-peTdayuranium processing mill at Shiprock,N. Mex.The new contract will run fromNov. 1, 1959, to June 30, 1965, orto an earlier date when Kerr-McGeewill have delivered to the Commissionthe maximum number of poundsof uranium concentrate provided inthe contract. The mill has operatedsince 1954 under a contract with theAEC which terminated Oct. 31,i959.The plant is shut down at presentfor the construction of a new solventextraction circuit to recover high purityvanadium concentrate {about 99per cent V2O5) as well as uraniumconcentrate (UaOs) from the Shiprockores. Construction is being carriedon for the most part by workersregularly employed in the mill's operatingforce.Approximately 85 per cent of theuranium ores processed by the Shiprockmill come from mines on theNavajo Indian Reservation. Most ofthe persons employed at the mill andat the company's mines in the Lukachukaimountains are Navajo Indians.Pollucife Ore DevelopedIn Southern RhodesiaAn extensive deposit of high gradepollucite ore has been developed atthe Southern Rhodesia, Africa, operationsof Bikita Minerals (Private)Ltd., according to an announcementby American Potash & ChemicalCorp., which handles the sale ofBikita products.Tests indicate the deposit is oneof the largest in the world and offersa reliable supply of low-cost pollucite,which is aluminum-cesium silicate,for cesium applications in such industriesas glass and ceramics manufacturing,in welding rod fluxes andother uses where silica can be utilizedalong with the cesium. Pollucite inthe Bikita deposit averages 24.4 percent cesium oxide.Mill Design & ConstructionO. W. Walvoord, Inc.301 Detroit St. Denver 6. ColoracioCesium in the past has been availableonly in small quantities untilAmerican Potash recently began salesof cesium metal and cesium compoundsproduced from lepidolite lithiumore at San Antonio, Texas.Canon City UraniumPlant to Be EnlargedThe Atomic Energy Commissionand the Cotter Corp., of Santa Fe,N. Mex., recently signed a uraniumpurchase contract which will result inthe expansion of the Cotter Corp'spilot plant at Canon City, Colo., to afull-scale uranium processing mill.The plant's daily rated capacity willbe increased from about 50 tons aday to approximately 200 tons a day.This is another action by the Commissionto implement the policy announcedon April 2, 1958, whichauthorized a limited expansion of domesticuranium procurement in orderto provide marlcets for those areaswhich had no market or an inadequatemarket for developed ore reserves.This announcement indicated that a200 ton-a-day mill would be requiredfor Colorado Front Range ores.The new contract provides a marketfor a number of producers whoseproperties hereafter are "dedicated"to the Canon City mill. Other propertiesmay he added at the Commission'soption.DENVERMILLDESIGNCOMPLETEMILLDESIGNOne Source—One RGbponsibi/i7y%Exploration AssistanceAvailable in Central StatesAlthough the Office of MineralsExploration Region IV Office inJoplin, Mo., was closed in August1959, OME exploration assistance isstill available in the seven CentralStates which comprise that region.OME activities in Kansas, Oklahoma,and Xexas, are now administeredby the Region III Office,Denver Federal Center, Denver 25,Colo., and activities in Arkansas, Louisiana,Mississippi, and Missouri, areadministered by the Region V Office,Post Office Bldg., Knoxville 2,Tenn.Anaconda Co. Uranium MillContract Extended to 1966A uranium concentrate purchasecontract between the Atomic EnergyCommission and the Anaconda Co.,operator of the Bluewater, N. M.,uranium processing mill, has heen extendedto Dec. 31, 1966. The newcontract is effective as of May 1,1959. The current contract wouldfContinued on page 9)HERONENGINEERING CO.SP. 7-4497Plant layoDt and Attitn ai miae. Htll andimeller iacilitiet. incluiiinf iiructurei,aerial tramnayi, and naate diapoiai ayttemt.2000 So. Acoma St., Denver, Colo.You get the advantage of many years of field, operating,design and laboratory experience. You gain by our firsthandcontact with successful mills ail over the world.Use DECD's complete service of: {I) fesfing your ore,(2) providing flow sheefs. (3) designing mill layou!,(4) providing complete mill equipment. Assures you thebest, most practical and economical way fo process yourore. Saves you time and money. For assistance In planning,designing or expanding your mill, write, wire or phone.DEHVER EQUIPMENT CO.1400 17th Streei •Phone CHerry 4-4466* Denver 17, ColoradoNew York • Chicago • Toronto • Voncouver ' Mexico, D.F, • London • JohannesburgMetropolitan area retail outlet nowmore display area, speedieroffers expanded inventory,deliveryEngineers in and around Denver can now select from the largest assortment ofK&E products ever available here.Drafting and reproduction suppHes, transits and other optical instruments, slide rules,and hundreds of other vital engineering materials are available for immediate shipment.K&E Sales Representatives will be glad to discuss your needs with you.You'll find K&E your best source for the best and mostcomplete engineering line on the market today.KEUFFEL & ESSER OF COLORADO,1641 California Street • Denver 2, ColoradoINC.6 THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960

Seattle 5PROFESSIONALAxel E. Anderson, '045031 Laureicrest LaneWashingtonE. L Anders. Jr.. M.S.. '50AbileneConsulting Petroleum Engineer327 First National Bank BuildingBALL ASSOCIATESDouglas Ball, '43Peter G. Burnett, '43Richard Fulton, '50Werner F. SchneebergerAlan M. BieberOil and Gas ConsultantsTexas1025 Vermont Ave. C. A. Johnson Bldq.Washington 5, D. C. Denver 2, ColoradoSTerling 3-1929 ALpine 5-4878BROWN & ROOT, INC.Engineers - ConstructersP. O, Box 3 Houston, Tex.GEORGE R. BROWN, '22Mining and Metallurgical DivisionOne Wail St. New York, N. Y.DOMINGO MORENO, '22W. W. Cline, Ex-'29The Sun Drilling CompanySun Marine Drilling Corp.2975 Wilshire BoulevardLos Angeles 5, Calif.James Colasan+i. '35Metal Treating & Research Co.CommercialConsultingHeat Treaters Metallurgical Engineers4110 Fox St. SE 3-4843Denver 16, ColoradoA. W. Cullen, '36K. C. FoVcade. '36Consulting Geologists420 C. A. Johnson Bldq.Keystone 4-5385Denver, ColoradoEugene E. Dawson. '38American Independent Oil Co,Kuwait, Persian GulfRonald K. DeFord. '21Graduate AdviserDepartment of GeologyThe University of TexasAustin 12, TexasEarlougher EngineeringPetroleumConsultants — Core Analysis3316 E. 2Ist St. P. O. Box 4096Tulsa 5, Okla.R. C. Earlougher,'36, Registered EngineerGRAY-COCHRANE CORP.John N. Gray, '37W. H, CochraneDIRECTORYE. R. Haymaker. '-IlPetroleum Consulting andOil Field Management203 C, A. Johnson BuildingDenver 2. Colo. AC 2-1269Albert C. Harding, '37Partner and GeneralManagerBlack Hills Bentonite CompanyMoorcroftHEINRICHSWyomingGEOEXPLORATION CO.Mining, Oii S Water Consultants & ContractorsGeophysics, Geoiogy & GeochemistryEica mination-Interpretation-EvaluationMOBILE MAGNETOMETER SURVEYSWaller E. Heinrichs, Jr., '40Box S67I Tucson, Ariz.Phone: MAin 2-4202Paul M. HopkinsRegistered ProfeKional Engineer andLand SurveyorMining Geologist and Engineer2ZZ2 Arapahoe Street P. O. Box 403Crestview 9-2313Golden, ColoradoHoward E, Itfen. '4!PresidentEmpire Geophysical Inc.6000 Camp Bowie Bivd. R. Worth, TexasWilliam Crowe Kellogg, '43Kellogg Exploration CompanyGeologists—Geophysicists3301 N. Marengo Altadena, CaliforniaSycamore 4-1973George A. Kiersch, '42GroundwaterEngineering GeologyNonme+alllcs1010 Grosvenor Place Oakland, Calif.John F. Mann, Jr., '43and AssociatesConsulling Groundwater Geologists945 Repcsado Drive La Habra, Calif.Charles O. Parker & Co.2114 Curtis Street MAin 3-1852Denver, ColoradoASSAYERS —CHEMISTS andENGINEERSPrice List on Request.Prompt Service—Accurate Results"From Spud Through Flood"TWHDrilling & Development Co.HA 4-7493Jim Taylor, '50 3865 Allison St.President Wheat Ridge, Coio.George D. Volk. '35Geologist and Petroleum EngineerDenver1135 Petroleum Club Bldg. CH. 4-74314600 E. 17th Ave. FR. 7-2550The Walbridge CompanyCecil R. Walbridge, '29RepresentingPENNSYLVANIA PUMP &COMPRESSOR CO.Air or gas compressors andcentrifugal pumps929 Equitable Bldg. Denver 2, Colo.ALpine 5-3824Elmer R. Wilfley. '14Wilfley Centrifugal PumptDenver,Colo.John H. Wilson, '231201 Sinclair Building. Ft. Worth, TexasMINERALINDUSTRIES(Continued frotn page 6)have terminated on March 31, 1962.The Anaconda contract providesfor a deferral, or "stretch-out" of asubstantial portion of the pre-1962production to the 1962-1966 period.Approximately 4,000,000 pounds ofU;,Os will be deferred to the 1962-1966 period under the new contract.Under the stretch-out plan, theBluewater mill will operate six daysa week at a rate of up to about 3,000tons of ore a day, depending upon thegrade of ore processed. Formerly, themill operated seven days a week at adaily rate of about 3,500 tons of ore.When Anaconda completes concentratedeliveries under the contract in1966, the company will have minedand processed less than half of its orereserves which were developed priorto Nov. 24, 1958.Corporate offices of the AnacondaCo. are at 25 Broadway, New York,N. Y., with western offices at Butte,Mont. Albert J. Fitch, Bluewater, ismanager of the New Mexico operations.Bureou of Mines ContinuesPhosphate-Rock ResearchFurther tests with the Bureau ofMines phosphate-rock planer in Idahoduring the 1960 fiscal year, which beganJuly 1, were announced by BureauDirector, Marling J. Ankeny.The study is part of a program to increaserecovery of phosphate. A relatedproject will cover improvedbeneficiation methods for both westernand southeastern phosphate rock.Field tests with the phosphateplaner indicate that its chisels, usedto cut rock from the mining face, mustbe modified. When the changes aremade, experiments will be conductedin cooperation with producing companiesin the Western phosphate-rockfield of Idaho, Montana, Utah, andWyoming, Ankeny said.Because they cannot be upgraded bypresent methods, large tonnages ofPROFESSIONALDIRECTORYHarry J. Wolf, '03Mining and Consulting Engineer3 Glenwood Street LIHle Neck 63, N.Y.Ben F. Zwick, '29Manager, Oil and Gas Dept.CHEMICAL BANK NEW YORKTRUST CO,165 Broadway New York, N. Y.phosphate rock in the Western fieldnow are bypassed and the Bureauseeks beneficiation techniques that willmake them commercially attractive,the Director added.The Bureau also is continuing investigationsto determine the chemicaland physical nature of Florida andTennessee phosphate slimes and to developpossible processes for usingthem. Under present practice, theseslow-settling slimes, which containnearly as much phosphate as the originalore, are wasted. The 10 milliontons discarded annually requires largeacreages of high-value land for storage.Ankeny said the Bureau's researchon the phosphate-rock planer will becentered at Spokane, Wash, and thatbeneficiation tests on Western phosphaterock are to be conducted at Albany,Ore., and those on phosphaterockslimes at Tuscaloosa, Ala,Aiuminum Smelters Salvage7 Billion Pounds of MetalThrough research and advancementsin the art of alumnium smeltingduring the past decade, a total ofmore than 7 billion pounds of scrapalumnium has been salvaged, processedinto alloys and returned to Americanindustry for a wide variety of uses itwas reported recently by the AluminumSmelters Research Institute, Chicago.The Institute predicted that,through expanding knowledge of metallurgy,more than 15 billion poundswill be returned to the nation's aluminumusers during the next 10 years.The conservation and re-use ofscrap aluminum has literally saved theU. S. economy billions of dollars, theInstitute stated. It pointed out that,without the salvage of 7 billionpounds since 1948, American users, induplicating the output with virginaluminum, would have been forced to:Import 13 million tons of bauxite.Ship the bauxite to the U. S. in1300 voyages at 10,000 tons per trip.Ship to plants 10 million tons ofalumina, coke, pitch, cryolite, soda ash,and other ingredients.Construct additional facilities toprocess the metal into ingot form.Consume 67 billion kilowatt hoursof electrical power—an amount equalto all electricity generated in the U. S.in about a five-week period.AEC Extends ContractWith Union CarbideThe Atomic Energj"^ Commissionhas extended until June 30, 1964, acost-plus-fixed-fee contract with UnionCarbide Corp, for operation offour major Commission facilities, S.R. Sapirie, manager of the Commission'sOak Ridge operations, announcedrecently.Union Carbide Nuclear Co., divisionof Union Carbide Corp., operatestwo large production plants and aresearch and development laboratoryin Oak Ridge, Tenn., and the gaseousdiffusion plant at Paducah, Ky. Thepresent contract for operation of thesefacilities was to expire June 30, 1960,but was extended for four years.T h e N a t i o n a l F u s e & P o w d e r C o .DENVER, COLORADOManufacturer of SAFETYFUSEBLACK MONARCH, SYLVANITE,BLACK, and ORANGE AZTECROCKY MOUNTAIN DISTRIBUTOR FOR:PRIMACORDThe Multi-purpose Detonating FuseMcelroy ranch703 Wilco Bldg.Midland, TexasEdward J. Brook, '23OILC A T T L EO P E R A T O R SGROWERS405 Fort Worth National Bank Bldg.3t2Fort Worth 2, TexasDenver U.S. National CenterDenver, ColoradocompanyP. O. Box 392Breckenridge, TexasLloyd W. Madden, '4!8 THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960 THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 19609

TECHNICAL SOCIETIES and ASSOCIATIONSWestern Mining ConferenceScheduled for Mar. 17-19The National Western MhiingConference, co-sponsored by tbe ColoradoMining Assn. and the DenverChamber of Commerce, will be heldMarch 17-19 in Denver's new HiltonHotel.About 2000 representatives of tbemining industry are expected to attendthe three-day session,Frank J. Windolph, executive ofClimax Molybdenum Co., is chairmanof the Planning Committee; JohnWise, general manager of IdaradoMining Co, of Ouray, is vice chairman.Flat>Rolled Products ThemeOf AIME Conference Jan. 20Flat-rolled products, semi-finishedand finished, will be the theme of aconference at the Del Prado Hotel,Chicago, Jan. 20, sponsored by theMechanical Working Committee,Iron and Steel Division, The MetallurgicalSociety of AIME. The ChicagoSection of AIME is co-sponsor.The Committee's first conference washeld last year in Chicago.Thomas Collins, assistant managingeditor of the Chicago Daily News,will be luncheon speaker. His subjectwill be "How Business and ProfessionalMen Must Prepare for Retirement."Technical papers will be presentedon such subjects as "Machine Scarfing,""Selecting of Ingot and SlabSizes for the Modern Strip Mill,""Scaling Problems in Hot Strip Rolling,""Temper Rolling and Its Effecton Stretcher Strain Sensitivity,""Unitized Automobiles," "Processingand Properties of Magnetic Materials."GSA Elects OfficersMAGNETOMETiRSVertical ForteSALES' RENTALS'REPAIRSGEOPHYSICAL INSTRUMENT& SUPPLY CO.Uli BROADWAY,DENVER 2, COLO.JAbSt 5-8914 A. DANISH. Mgr.Dr. HoUis D. Hedberg, vice president,Exploration, of Gulf Oil Corp.,was elected president (Nov. 4) oftbe Geological Society of America.Thomas B. Nolan of the UnitedStates Geological Survey, Washington,D. C, was elected vice presidentand the following were elected Councilors: Harold L. lames, also of theU. S. G. S.; Vincent C. Kelley, Universityof New Mexico; George D.WooUard, University of Wisconsin;and Norman D. Newell, ColumbiaUniversity.Geologists Will ConveneIn Billings, Feb. 7-10Over 1000 geologists from throughoutthe Rocky Mountain Empire wil!convene in Billings, Mont., Feb. 7-10;1960, for the annual Rocky MountainSection meeting of the AmericanAssociation of Petroleum Geologists.Theme for the annual event is"Future Expioration After a Decadeof Progress," Approximately 33 technicalpapers will be presented byprominent geologists from the Rockies.General chairman for the meetingis James O. Staggs, division geologistfor McAlester Fuel, Billings.Social events for the meeting willinclude the President and GeneralChairman's reception Monday evening,Feb. 8, and a social hour anddinner dance on 7'uesday evening.There will be special programs fortbe ladies Monday afternoon andTuesday.Awards Will Be PresentedAt AIME Meeting Feb. 14-18Men receiving awards at thc annualmeeting of AIME in New YorkCity, Feb. 14-18, will be Charles M.>-In.

IntroductionGeochemica."!^rospectingHAROLDByBLOOMAlthough less than a dozen years old in this country,geochemical prospecting methods have found theirway into the routine exploration programs of miningcompanies throughout the world. To be sure, somecompanies are faring better than others—their successseems to be a function of the willingness of managementto provide qualified personnel and adequate supportingfunds.Recently enlightening opinions have been expressedby mining executives regarding geochemical explorationin their companies' programs. Writing in the NorthernMiner of Nov. 26, 1959, G. J. Sullivan, president ofKennco, Ltd., indicates that about 3.7 per cent of hisexploration budget is allocated for that kind of work.He states "Geochemical prospecting, a natural extensionof gold panning, offers very great possibilities."Anaconda's vice-president, V. D. Perry, is quoted inthe Wall Street Journal of May 7, 1959, as saying thathis company has increased their geochemical prospectingbudget "several fold in the last five years."Work in the Soviet UnionScandanavia and the Soviet Union have pioneeredin this field since the early 1930's. Dependent upon theexpensive spectrograph for trace metal data, geochemicalprospecting was largely experimental andremained so until after World War II. The SovietUnion has since emerged with the most extensiveprogram in the world.Some interesting notes on progress in the SovietUnion are available in a recently translated volumeentitled "Geochemical Methods for Prospecting" byI. I. Ginzburg (3). Since 1950, 160,000 square km havebeen covered with geochemical mapping, showing thedistribution of minor and rare metals in the differentdistricts. Between 1954-55, about 10 million sampleshave been collected; during the previous 20 years,some 25,000,000 sampHng sites were examined. Reconnaissancesurveys are conducted on a 1:1,000,000to 1:200,000 scale, prospecting on 1:1,000,000 to1:25,000 scale and detailed maps for 1:10,000 to 1:2,000.In 1955, by order of the Ministry of Geology and Conservation,geochemists were attached to all geologicagencies engaged in geologic field studies.12THEHAROLDAUTHORBLOOMA native of Brooklyn, N. Y., Harold Bloo7n receivedhoth undergraduate and graduate training in cheinistryat Brooklyn College in 1936. After a brief stint at teachingin New York schools, he joined the U. S. GeologicalSurvey. In 1958, he transferred to the USGS geochemicalprospecting program, then in its infancy, and helpedorganize its analytical laboratory in Denver. His majorpublications deal with rapid colorimetric methods ofanalysis and their field applications.In 19S4, he joined the faculty of the Colorado Schoolof Mines as a special lecturer, teaching courses in geochemicalexploration. During this time he has roimdedout his background in geology.He has consulted for Selco Exploration Co. Ltd.,Dominion Gulf Co. Ltd., Fremont Mining Co., andUnited Fruit Co., among others. He holds membershipin the American Chemical Society, American Instituteof Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, GeochemicalSociety and Colorado Scientific Society.In contrast to the procedures in this country wheregeologists with chemical assistance are in charge ofgeochemical projects, the work in Russia has beencarried out by geophysicists. That this is not the bestarrangement is noted in the author's appeal for greaterintegration of geology (and geologists) into the futureexploration programs.The Russians still rely heavily upon spectrographicanalysis for chemical data because of the speed andthe wide range of elements that can be simultaneouslydetermined. However, in recent years they have beenturning more to colorimetric procedures. Spot tests,isotopes, photometric and luminescent procedures allare being investigated for both field and laboratory use.A large number of ore bodies arc listed as havingbeen discovered. Some of these are: In Kazakhstan:Pb, Ag, Cu, Bi, Mo, W; in the Urals: Au, FeS„ W,Be; in Trans-Baikalia: Pb, Zn, F, W, Mo. In view of thelarge scale prospecting program that has been goingon since the 1930's, it should be no surprise that manyore bodies should have been uncovered. Whether themanpower involved in the program was used as efficientlyas one might like, is a matter for speculation.THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960Work in the United StatesThe U. S. Geological Survey has played an importantrole in developing geochemical prospecting in thiscountry and abroad. Their program was directed alongtwo lines: (1) the development of field tests basedmostly upon colorimetric techniques and (2) concurrentlyconducting a research program dealing with thebehavior of these elements under varying climatic andgeologic conditions.Many of the field tests developed showed greatersensitivity than the spectrograph, and because theywere inexpensive and rapid, they could be carried intothe field with little trouble. Persons of all economiclevels could easily afford the chemicals needed, and theprospector need not have the extensive training of aspectrographer. Field tests, mostly colorimetric havebeen developed for the following elements: Ag, As,Bi, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Sb, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se, Sn, W,U, V, and Zn. Dispersion patterns in rock, soil, watersand plants were studied in a series of case histories.Much of this work has been summarized by Hawkes (4).Other AreasIn 1957, member countries of the British Commonwealthmet in Canada to hold their Sixth CommonwealthMining and Metallurgical Congress. Followingthis meeting a volume appeared (8) in which geophj'-sicaland geochemical exploration case historiesare documented. Several of these papers illustrate howmore productive exploration can be when geophysicsand geochemistry are properly integrated.What is probably the largest geochemical prospectingeffort outside of the Soviet Union is beingcurrently conducted by several private mining companiesin Central Africa. In these exploration programs,involving thousands of square miles, more samplesare being collected than in all of North America. Onecompany alone is turning out about three-quartersof a million chemical analyses per year, using colorimetricand chromatographic methods. Semi-quantitativespectrographic methods account for about.100,000 determinations per month. This immenseamount of work is being turned out at a cost of aboutlOji' a sample. The Geochemical Prospecting ResearchCentre at the Imperial College, London, has been veryeffective in supporting these efforts. Graduate studyleading to the PhD degree is carried out in Africanfield areas.What Is Geochemical Prospecting?Geochemists recognize that metals in trace amountsare distributed in an orderly fashion throughout theearth's crust. The abundance of these metals in anarea devoid of minerahzation is called "background."Thus, the average igneous rock content, in parts permillion, of zinc is 132, lead 16 and copper 70. Soilsderived from these rocks generally have similar values.When the average background value is exceeded bya factor of two or more, then "anomalous" valuesbegin to become evident. Samples may be selected atany point where metal movement is suspected.For orientation, let us consider what happens to anore body when it undergoes weathering. The rock andore minerals are broken down by physical disintegrationand chemical decomposition. Part of this materialforms the soil, passes via thc root system into thc overlyingvegetation, while thc rest is carried away bysurface and groundwaters to thc nearby drainage.Sample sites are now readity suggested; the train ofTHE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960metal may be sought in (a) soils, (b) vegetation, (c)stream waters, and (d) stream sediments. But it shouldbe borne in mind that metal anomalies alone cannotbe used to indicate either the depth or the grade ofminerahzation.Pathfinder ElementsIt is common practice to seek the ore metal itselfwhen investigating a dispersion. Occasionally, a betterhalo is obtained by plotting the accessory elementsthat accompany thc ore metal. These are called "pathfinder"elements.Zinc is present in most ores of lead, silver and copperand can serve as tt-acers to these ores. Porphyry copperdeposits are associated with considerable though lesseramounts of molybdenum, and the latter is apparentlymore useful than the copper in seeking these deposits.More recently nickel (6) has been proposed to seek outthe diamond bearing kiinberlites in the Belgian CongoSoil SamplingRecognition of soil types is helpful if one is to guidehis samphng intelhgently. For example, a podzol soildevelops in a temperate climate with average rainfall,and usually undergoes differentation into severalrecognizable horizons; An "A" horizon, normallyleached to a gray color; a brown "B" horizon whereaccumulation of iron and aluminum oxides takes place;and a "C" horizon, consisting of disintegrating parentbed rock. Samples collected from thc "A" zone wouldtend to be low in metal; thc "B" sample is emiched anduniform in metal distribution while the "C" zone mayyield erratic data.Glaciation presents a special problem because thetill overlying the bedrock is transported, and while itmay be possible to obtain anomalous metal values atthe surface and at depth, thc intervening layer may beseemingly barren. Presumably, the metal near thesurface has been "pumped up" by vegetation.Although lateritic soils are the products of extremeleaching, they have been found to yield useful metaldata.Mobility of Oxidized Ore MetalsThe mobility of ore metals in the zone of weatheringdepends principally on the solubilities of their oxidizedproducts. The zinc in sphalerite for example, formsreadily soluble sulfates, carbonates and chlorides, andis found far removed from its source. Zinc halos therefore,tend to be broad, lower in metal values and easilydistorted by surface waters.Copper sulfates and chlorides tend to be somewhatmore restricted than the zinc minerals, but form similardispersion anomalies.Because the oxidation products of galena are mainlyinsoluble, lead is found to be enriched in the residualsoils and forms halos which tend to be sharper andcloser to the ore zone.VegetationIn a general way, plants will assimilate metal fromsoils in amounts proportional to that present in thesoils. Because of their elaborate root system, they havebeen found to provide an efficient sample of the metalin the soil, sometimes penetrating as deeply as 60 feetto do this.Twigs, leaves, stems or roots of certain species havebeen analyzed and found to yield information successfullyused to locate lead, zinc, copper, tin, tungsten13

ni(;kel, molybdenum and uranium concenti'ations.Some comparisons of the metal content of plant ashfrom non-mineralized and mineralized areas as shownby Ginzburg (3) are given below:Noji-Mineralizeti Mineralized Degree ofiRiemeiit area area AccumulationppmppmH) (2) (2-1)C,r 5 100 20Mn 100 10,000 1000Co 4 50 12^N'i 10 100 10Cu 50 1000 20Zn 100 10,000 iOOMo 5 100 20Pb 1 100 100U 0.01 JOO 10,000In this country, the search for uranuun in the ColoradoPlateau was materially aided by mapping thedistribution of the indicator plant commonly knownas the "loco weed" (Astragalus pattersoni). Becausethis perennial thrives in selenium rich soils known tobe associated with uranium, theh location has oftenled to ore bodies of uranium. Four ore bodies out of10 discovered in the Yellow Cat area, Utah, for example,would have been missed but for the additional informationfurnished by the plant. In the Thompson(Ustrict of Utah, of 190 holes that were drilled in areas•supporting the growth of this plant, 90 were in mineralizedground.The choice between using plants or soil samples,depends largely on the field problem. However, it isfar easier to collect and process soils than plants. Thelatter need be identified,- dried, ground and ashed,usually below 550° C. before analysis is bcg-un, a processwliich is time consuming.Stream WatersMetals may enter thc drainage as detritai particles,suspensions, colloids or ions. The distance they traveldepends upon a number of factors: as ions, they aredependent upon the pH of the stream waters, whichusually run between 6 and 8. When the pld of hydrolysisof a given metal is exceeded, the metal is removedfrom solution: lead hydrolyzes at 6.0, cupric copperat 5.3, and zinc above 7.0. Despite this laboratory fact,copper and zinc are found in waters whose pH is abovethen- respective hydrolysis points. In a semi-arid areamolybdenum sulphide is believed to be first oxidizedto a soluble MoO^SO., whereupon it reacts with calcareousrocks to form CaMo04. The latter is found tobe quite insoluble between pH 3 to 9, and yet molybdenumis foimd widely distributed in waters, soils andplants whose pH environment is about 7 (7). Thesuggestion that metals may travel as complex inorganicand organic ions, with diiferent chemical propertiesseems valid.Changes in water volume, caused by seasonal anddaily rainfall may frequently dilute the metal concentrationto below the sensitivity of many water tests.Or alternatively, raising the level of the water table,may sometimes result in the flushing out of oxidizingore metals into the drainage with subsequent highmetal readings. The problem of interpretation of metalvalues in waters may thus become exceedingly difficult.The accumulation of metals by ground water inareas of mineralization and in areas of background(non-mincralization) are shown in the following tablefrom Ginzbtu'g (3).f Concentration fin Piirts Per Billion) of Surfaceand Underground Dj'ainageA'fetal Baekg]-ound MineralizedXi 1 to 10 10 to iOOO(]o 0.1 to 10 10 to 1000Zn 0.1 to to 10 to 1000Cu 1 to iO 10 to 1000\J 0.01 to 10 10 to 1000Mo 0.1 tn 1 100Pb 0.1 to 1 10 to 1,000Stream SedimentsClosely alfied to water sampling is the use of streamsediments. Metals carried by waters are lost to sedimentsby CO precipitation, sorption or ion exchangewith clays. Once removed, they are found to be looselyheld by the sediments and can be removed by coldextraction with acetate, citrate or dilute acid solutions.This has served as the Ijasis for the simple chemicalprocedtu'os described under "(chemical Procedures"below.Sediment sampling techniques have certain advanfagesover water sampling (5): (a) local dilution eft'ectsare minimized, (b) dry stream channels may be tested,(c) thc chemical procedures arc simpler, and (d) samplesmay be stored for future reference.Chemical ProceduresChemical procedures used in geochemical prospectingmay be broadly classified on thc basis of the completenessof sample solution, into three groups; (A) Solutionof primary rock-forming minerals usually silicates, bycausti

Carnival in the High AndesByBEN R. HUDSON, '45Fig. 2 Molybdenum isograds in soils of left bankof Okhchi River. (After Malyuga)are many, there is httle doubt that this is in part dueto the large number of men and material thrown intotheir program. However, the high cahber of some oftheir research leaves httle doubt as to their ability togo after the deeply buried deposits that we are seekingin our own country. By comparison, the research programin this country is brought sharply into focus—itis behind.During the past six years, the research programs ingeochemical prospecting in the United States haveshown only moderate growth. Witness the growth ofthe Geochemical Exploration Section of the U. S.Geological Survey, the government agency that hasbeen so successful in pioneering the early stages of thisfield. Only 20 people are engaged in this type of researchafter .12 years of activity, less than the numberattached to any single Russian field party. While afew of the large exploration companies have beencarrying out research, their results, because of competition,are generally withheld from the pubhc. Severaluniversities and private research organizations doengage in this type of research, but their dependenceupon unreliable outside funds has made for weakprograms.At present, it appears that only through a sustainedand increasingly supported program of governmentCLASSNOTES(Continued from page 3)mailing address Box 3508+, Airlawn Station,DaOas 35, Texas.David R. Cole is project engineer forIdarado Mining Co., Telluride, Colo. Hismailing address is 1530 E. Sherwood Dr.,Grand Jniiction, Colo,N. R. Ruwiinson, geologist for UnitedFruit Co., may be addressed Cia Petrolerade Nueva Granada, Apartado Aereo 3715,Bogota, Colombia.William D. Watts, staff industrial engineerfor Oliver Iron Mining Division,United States Steel Corp., has movedresearch can this country and indeed the WesternWorld hope to remain in the forefront of this vital field.Referencesfrom Hibbing, Minn., to +316 McCulloch,Duluth, Minn.1953Paul Bock left Tsumeb, SouthwestAfrica, on Jan. 1 and requests that mailbe sent to his home address: 10 StephensonStraat, The Hague, Holland.George T. Coker has moved from LittleSilver, N. J., to Chicago, 111. with mailingaddress c/o Shell Oil Co., 624 S.Michigan Ave.Gene. J. Kaefer is now product managerfor hydromatic brakes, Brake Divisionof Parkersburg Rig and Reel Co. atCoffeyville, Kans. Gene had been petroleumenginieer with Trunkline Gas Co.1. Bloom, H., A Field Method for the Determination of AmmoniuraCitrate-Soluble Heavy Minerals in Soils and AlluviumAs a Guide to Mineralization. Econ. Geol., 1955, Vol. 50,pp 533-541.2. Canncy, F. C. and Hawkins, D. B., Cold Acid Extraction ofCopper From Soils and Sediments. Bcon. Geol., 1958, Vol.53, pp. 877-886.3. Ginzburg, 1.1., Principles of Geochemical Prospeeting, (Translatedfrom Russian by V. P. Sokoloff). Pergamon Press, Inc.,New York., 1959.4. Hawkes, H. E., Principles of Geoehemical Prospeeting. U. S.Geological Survey Bulletin, 1000-F.5. Hawkes, H. E. and Bloom, H., Heavy Metais in Stream SedimentsUsed as Exploration Guides. Mining Engr., Nov.,1956.6. Jedwab, J., Prospeetion Geochemique de Kimberlite Diamantifereand Congo Beige. Bull da la Soc. Beige de Geol.,Tome LXVII, Fascicule 3. 1959.7. Malyuga, D. P., An Experiment in Biogeocbemical Prospectingfor Molybdenum in Armenia. Oeochemislry, 1958, No. 3,p. 314, (A translation from the Russian).8. Methods and Case Histories in Mining Geophysics. Publishedby Canadian Inst of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,Montreal, 1957.9. Webb, J. S. and Tooms, J. S., Geochemical Drainage Reconnaissancefor Copper in Northern Rhodesia. Trans. Inst.Min. & Met. Vol. 68, Part 4, 1958-59.at Houston and was the energetic secretary-treasurerof the Houston AlumniSection. His business address is P. O. Box573, Coffeyville, Kans.George W, iVIitcbell, Jr., is a studentat the Graduate School of Business, StanfordUniversity, Stanford, Calif.Franklin A. Seward, Jr., geologist andgeophysical engineer for Heinrichs GeoexplorationCo., has moved from Lakewood,Colo., to Tucson, Ariz, flis P. 0.Box number is 5671.1954R. J. And'ersen, party chief for GeophysicalService Inc., may be addressed(Continued on page 36)15 THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960One of the difficulties with which manj' of the Indiansliving in Bolivia's High Andes have to contend is achronic shortage of water. Without a steady supplj' ofsafe water for drinking and other purposes, they are condemnedto a permanently low and precarious standardof living. When the United Nations sent me to Boliviaat the request of the Government, it was to help in locatingunderground water in the Andes which couldbecome a source of supply for the impoverished Indianresidents. This task took me into many unfrequentedspots on the Altiplane, and I was fortunate enough todiscover water in a numher of different places. As aresult, a hydrological service is being developed by theBolivian authorities to survey the country's water resourceson a much larger scale. Most of my time onthis United Nations assignment has seen me too busyto do anything but concentrate on the job in hand. Dayin, day out, there has been more to do than one couldfind the hours for. It has not, however, been all work.A Time for Gaiety and DancesCarnival time in Bolivia, as in other Latin Americancountries, is a time of gaiety, happiness and festive dances.For nearly a week no one attends much to the routine affairsof life; the carnival spirit is sovereign everywhere.Water fights and folk dances take place in the streets,there are parades and fireworks, and the plazas are vibrantwith swarming, colorful, pleasure-seeking crowds.Bands of young people, each with its small dance orchestra,make merry in the streets and homes.Thus was carnival being celebrated when I was inCochabamba, Bolivia, the "city of eternal spring." Yetthis was a time of sadness for my friend, Hernan Fernandez.Hernan was in mourning for his mother, whohad recently lost her life in an airplane crash near Cochabamba,in which 18 other persons, mostly mining engineersfrom the Oruru district, had also been killed. Oneday, quite by accident, she had discovered that her isolatedand unmanageable farm in the high sierras containedrich veins of lead ore. She had cut her knee onjagged rocks, but the cut was nearly forgotten in thesurprising discovery that the protruding rocks were obviouslylead ore. This incident led to the opening up ofseveral small, handworked lead mines on the property.After his mother's death, Hernan determined to see ifthe mines could be made profitable with the use of moderncoring equipment and air drills where before only picks,shovels and wheelbarrows had heen used.* Tliis aitielc appears throiiRli the covirtesy of the United Nations Beviewwhich first piiblishctl it Sept.. 1958; Vol. 5, No. 3.THE AUTHORBen R. Hudson, a 1945 geological engineering graduateof ihe Colorado School of Mines, ts now on his fourthassignment as a hydro-geologist for the United NationsBureau of Technical Assistance Operations.TVith rotary drilling rigs provided by the UnitedNations, Mr. Hudson set up a ground water organizationin Bolivia and is presently doing the same work inEcuador. Initial stages of the work consist in setting upthe rigs, training local personnel in the operation of thedrilling equipment, water-finding techniques, and waterwell-completion, methods. After this, engineers and geologistsare trained in the more technical aspects of waterdatagathering, sampling techniques, map-making, mid theorganizational matters concerning the efficient operationof a drilling section.After working for several years as a geologist withmajor oil companies in the Rocky Mountain area. Air.Hudson was sent by ARAMCO to Saudi Arabia, wherefor over three years (1952-^5) he was employed in geology^hydrology, and drilling engineering.Since his return, from the Middle East, he has beenwith the U.N. on. assignments in the under-developedregions of the High Andes.Invitation to Visit MinesHernan had asked me to spend carnival visiting thesemines in the remote and inaccessible regions around thetown of Independencia, and to make an evaluation ofthe ore they still contained. The idea appealed to mebecause I welcomed the chance to see more of the remoteparts of the Andes and perhaps something more ofQuechua Indian culture in the "high countrj'."After loading my jeep with a 200-liter drum of extragasoline, bedrolls, canned food, clothes, pick and shovel,surveying equipment and water jugs, there was barelyroom for Hernan and me. However, the excess weightgave a smoother ride on the rough mountain roads ahead.As we left Cochabamba at dawn and travelled to the otherend of the valley to QuillocoUa, before starting the highclimb through the Cordillera Real, we passed manyancient trucks jammed with hundreds of Indians beingdriven to Cochabamba for the carnival festivities.Our climb was to take us from the 8,600-foot elevationof the Cochabamba Valley to altitudes of nearly 17,000THE MiNES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960 17

• These miners wort in ihe MiHuni Wine 15,000 feet high in fheAndes mountains. The country is fhe third largest producer of tinand this metai constitutes 90 per cent of all exports. (Photo courtesyof U.N.)feet before we reached our goal of Independencia. Withour jeep sputtering for lack of oxygen, we eventuallycame to a point where, looking across the canyon of theRio Chala, we could see in the distance faint scars on thebare escarpment of the mountain peak. Here tbe fatalplane had crashed, taking the lives of so many mining engineers,managers, and owners on their tour of Bolivianmining districts. We paused for a moment, but did nottry to put our thoughts into words.In the Dark and the RainNight came on and darkness settled rapidly, as isusual in this high and lonely area. Clouds had gathered,and before iong the rain came in gusty torrents, tumblingupon us from all sides, rushing down the steep slopes. Theroad we were now travelling was seldom used; as itwound around the sides of the mountains, it attainedelevations of over 16,000 feet, and of all the roads I'vetravelled in the Andes, this was indeed the most hazardous.About two o'clock in tbe morning we hit a sectionwhich it would have been sheer suicide to try to pass inthe dark and the rain. So, in true Bolivian fashion, Hernanin the jeep and me on the ground, we tried to getsome sleep. Before light the next morning we were on ourway again.When the sun rose, it revealed mountain scenerysuch as I had never dreamed of. Snow peak beyond snowpeak looked blindingly white in air so pure that the mountainsmight have been newly made that morning. Yetin this world reaching for the skies there were men andwomen whose lives were a long struggle with a harsh,unfriendly soil. I was particularly interested to see theQuechua Indians in their own surroundings. They livehere in mud huts scattered over the mountains in a randompattern which suggested that they had given nothought to the ruggedness of the terrain. But, of course,this is not a problem to them. These Indians, who donot use the wheel, have no carts, no tractors; they livein simple, but effective, harmony with their natural surroundings.Everything is carried on the backs of womenV Indian women are employed as laborers at the Mjlluni mine, locatedat 15,000 feet altitude in the Andes. Mining is the traditionalfoundation of Bolivian economy and 90 per cent of the country'sexports are unrefined minerals. (Photo courtesy of U.N.)—or donkeys—and, since time is of secondary importance,no slope is impassable to them. I could see them makingbrave agricultural use of the most unpromising plots ofrock-enclosed land. Slopes too steep for walking or evenstanding upright were somehow made to grow a littlefood with the help of oxen and a wooden plow.I passed many of the Quechua women, dressed intheir colorful woolens, spinning as they walked, usinga short stick with a hook on one end from which dangles,a foot or two below, a ball or hunk of wool (which maybe from the sheep, the alpaca, the vicuna or the llama).The stick is turned with a twist of the fingers, and inthis way yarn is spun by the hour as they walk throughthe mountains or watch the grazing herds of sheep orllamas. The yarn is dyed with natural vegetable dyesand beautiful woolen cloth is woven on crude homemadelooms.Music in a Plaintive KeyWhenever we stopped for a minute I would hear,nearby or far off in the hills, the characteristic music ofthe mountain Indians, flutes and drums, the flutes carryingthe tune in a high, wailing, plaintive key, while thedrums keep the rhythmic underbeat.Later, we heard much more of this music in thevillages. Festivals and religion have been practically theonly areas in which the Spanish have made inroads intothe Quechua culture since the time of the Incas, and eventhere the Indian has drawn so much of his own into themthat the festivals and religious ideas are often unrecognizableto tbe Catholic Spanish. The dances we saw consistedof simple shuffling steps done to patterns not dissimilarto many western folk dances, accompanied by drums andflutes, with the dancers chanting and wailing in high,child-like voices. Sometimes this music sounds hauntingand sad and then in a moment, it becomes lively andcontagious in its gaiety.We did eventually arrive in Independencia about noonthe day after our departure, and we sought out the onlyhotel. Its two rooms were occupied. The old Indianwoman led us to a storeroom, which she cleaned out forus. We spread our blankets and bedrolls on the worn,red-brick floor, as so many other weary travelers had nodoubt done before us.Mapping the MinesEarly next morning, after the usual Bolivian breakfastof black coffee and bread, we started up the ruggedmountain trail astride brown and black horses and withtwo guides hiking alongside. Four more hours of climbingbrought us to the old hacienda of Hernan's parents,situated high on a shoulder of mountain with a beautiful,deep green valley below it. The hacienda was in the oldSpanish colonial stj'le, surrounded by worn-out orchardsand extensive grounds. Tall eucalyptus trees stood likesentinels in front of the main building. A few Indiancaretakers were living in mud huts at the back of thepatio, baking bread in mud ovens.Hernan and I visited four or five lead mines withina few miles of the hacienda. We stayed there a few daysmaking a reconnaissance map of the mine holdings. Thelocal Indian tradition demanded that we chew coca leavesand spit the juice into each mine entrance before comingin ourselves.Indians Chew Coca LeavesNearly every adult Indian of the Andes chews theleaf of the plant from whicb cocaine is extracted. It istrue that the coca chewer is often in a state approachingstupor, and it is evident that the brain must be dulled hytbis habit, yet some students of the Andean Indians areinclined to think that, without the coca leaf, they wouldnot have been able to withstand the long hours of toiltbey have to endure to exist at all with their primitiveimplements, nor could they have so weli withstood thebitter cold of the upper highlands on their meagre andinadequate diet. For their survival under these aweinspiringconditions, perhaps some thanks must be givento tbe coca leaf, their daily friend and companion.• Potatoes are one of the food staples and the Indian populationhas, through necessity, developed their own method of dehydrationto preserve part of the harvest for their own consumption. The potatoesare allowed to freeze in the cold night air then ail the wateris stamped out by the barefooted Indians. Raw, mashed potatoes(Chuno is the local name] are then spread out to dry in the hotsun which shrinks and turns them aimost black in coior. Here atCala-Cala one of the farms belonging to the Pillapi group, a fatherand daughter are shown in the process of making Chuno. (Photocourtesy of U.N.)Efforts, however, are being made by the authoritiesto discourage this practice. Government plans to raisethe living standards of the Andean Indian by technicalassistance and by removing whole communities down tofertile soil at a lower altitude should give these mountainpeople for the first time for centuries a new aim in life.We left the hacienda for Independencia late on- thethird afternoon, hoping that the full moon would lightus on our way down the steep mountainside. To ourdismay, the skies clouded over, and the darkness in themountains became so impenetrable that it was impossibleto ride our horses any longer. Fortunately, our guideshad brought a miner's acetylene lamp and, leading ourhorses, we picked our way down the rock}!" trails. Occasionallyin this vast solitude we could catch the faintsounds of drum and flute and the curious, plaintive wailingof Indian revelries. Now and again, the outlines ofmud huts and moving shadows of people stood out againsta background of bonfires. I was beginning to get a"feeling" for the life of these isolated mountain people.The very silence seemed to hint at some elusive secretwhich, with a little more understanding, I might share.A Light on the TrailAs we picked our way carefully downhill, we saw astrange, glowing light which appeared to be dancing downthe mountain toward us, bobbing up and down among thetrees. It seemed to he moving rapidly a few feet abovethe ground and there was no way of relating it to anythingwe had seen before. Then there burst upon us abarefooted Quechua woman, running as if for her lifewith a wide clay bowl full of red-hot coals. How shemanaged to move so fast on that dark, rocky trail I willnever understand. She shouted something to us in theexplosive Quechua language and ran on without pause.Five minutes later, we encountered this woman againbeside the trail. Three other women with red-hot coalswere crouching beside her. I thought it must be some(Continued on page 30)• This is an Indian market place. The women conduct the trade.Rice is the principal item offered for sale; the consumption of milk,fresh fruit and vegetables Is extremely low, not to say non-existent,which helps to explain the extraordinarily high infant mortality rate.(Photo courtesy of U.N.)18 THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY. 1960THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 19601&

^-undamentals of'Llectrical Concentration of MineralsIn principle, tlie electrical concentration of mineralsis quite simple. The operation is merely thatof utilizing' the forces acting on charged or polarizedbodies in an electric field to effect a selective sortingof the mineral species introduced into an exteiD.aleieetric field. In actuality, the method of effectinga separation is frequently interestingly difficultdue to our lack of knowledge of the relativelynew science of solid-state physics that is associatedwith the problem. In fact, it can be said that themost important recent contributions to the understandingof the "art" of the so-called electrostaticprocess of concentrating minerals have been thc indirectcontributions by solid-state physicists among•whom may be mentioned Seitz*^', Kittel'^', Mott*-"**,and G-ui-ney'"".Much of the notorious confusion and the nonreproducibleresults involved in '' electrostatic' '*separations of minerals stem from the inability toisolate all the factors that influence a selective separation.A discussion of some of these factors constitutesthe subject of this paper.In an electrical beneficiation process for solidsubstances the major electrification mechanisms are :Contact electrificationElectrification by inductive conductionEleeti-ification by virtue of mobile ionsEach of the above mechanisms gives rise to asurfa.ce charge density on the solid particles. Ifthe charged particles are in a uniform, external electricfield they will experience an electric force such,thatP=QEP — force in newtonsQ = the total charge on the particle in coulombs(1)E = field strength in -—;—•meterIf a separation is made in air (STP) the maximumvalue of the surface charge density is about 3 X ^^'^coulomb/meter^ and the maximum value of E is3 XIO*^ -^""^^^ • Thus, a spherical particle of radiusmeter* The term electrostatic process is somewhat a misnomerbecause the process usually is time dependent. It is generallyused by metallurgists to describe any mineral beneficiationprocess that utilizes an external electric fieid.20ByJAMES E. LAWVER. '43THEAUTHORDr. Lawver attended the Colorado School of Mines,receiving his engineering degree in non-ferrous metallurgyin 1943. He obtained his doctorate at Mines in 1956 inextractive metallurgy. At this time, he also did some workin the fields of mathematical physics and instrumentalanalysis.He has also attettded numerous courses in specializedfields of mineral processing such as X-ray diffraction, electrondiffraction, electron microscopy, and operations research.His experience record includes that of a mining engineerat the Braden Copper Cojnpany i?t Chile, SouthAmerica, and zuith the Bureau of Strategic IVarfare inBrazil. He is a registered engineer in the state of Floridawhere he is curretitly employed by the International Mineralsand Chemical Corporation as a research specialist.Dr. Lawver holds 26 domestic and foreign patents.r cm. charged to its maxunum surface charge densitywdl experience an electrical force P in a maximumuniform, electric field E,p = 47r(r X 10-^)^ X 26.6 X IO"*' X 3 X I0»r^ newton~ 10= 1 X lOV dynes = .022 r^ poundsIt is interesting to compare the magnitude of thcabove force to the force of gravity acting on thespherical pai-ticle with radius r cm. and a specificgravity sP(gravity)=^r3R,X980Whence the ratiowhich is about 4 XP electrical 2.5P gravity B rH r-^ dynesThus a fully charged 28 mesh (.0589 cm.) quartz particlecould experience a maximum electric force of2.65X^589 = ^''-^ times its -weightTHE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960In practice the usable maximum electric field isabout 80% of theoretical value and the value ofthe surface charge density is about 5% of the theoreticalmaximum, thus the above value becomesP electricalP gravity0.1s r (em.)Por completeness it should be noted that in additionto this force, the particles may experience two otherforces in a non-uniform eleeti-ic field, viz., the forcedue to a permanent dipole having a moment perunit volume of P(4)where Fp = grad(P-E; (5)and the force that arises from the energy changein- the eieetric field due to the entrance of a solidwith a value of relative peianittivity different fromthat of the medium in which the separation is made,where F

transfer on only ^^^zr" X 100 = 0.003% of tlicavailable ions. A similar result is obtained by calculatingpossible electron transfer across a metalsurface. Altbougli Coehn's rule is reported to havebeen verified for more than 400 substances, it is oflimited value to the metallurgist beca.use of the difficultyin determining the effective relative permittivityof the surfa.ce la.yers (which is often differentfrom thc substratum) of two substances that are tomake contact. The theory of contact electrificationis a very complex subject, aud the present theorieswill mevitably be changed as more exact knowledgeis obtained concerning the ionic and electronic propertiesof solids. No two triboelectrification seriesarc identical; and no extensive literature search isrequired to find conflicting data of contact electrificationtests, even,with rega.rd to the sign of theresulting charges.For example, when an insulating crystal siich asNaCl or KCl is contacted against a metal at roomtemperature, there should be no electrons in the conductionband of the iusulator so the salt could notbecome positively charged by losing electrons to themetal. If wc take a value of —4ev as the work fmietionof the metai (most metals have a work functionnear this vahie) and the value of —0.5ev for thelowest electron energy in the conduction band ofNaCl or KCl (Mott and Gurney'"'), we see thatthe highest occupied electron state in the metal isin an energy state lower than the lowest conductionstate iu the salt, (sec Fig. la and Ih) therefore, wewould not expect the metal to lose electrons to theinsulator (see Figure la).FORBtODEN_22BANDSV = 0*=-4evFIG, 1-0TYPICAL ENERGY LEVEL DIAGRAM OF APERFECTFIG. l-b.INSULAtORTypical Energy Level Diogrom Of A MetalYet, real crystals of NaCl or KCl usually will hecomecharged negatively hy sliding contact againsta metal. "Wagner'^^* however, reports a positivecharge on both NaCl and KCl, upon contact withnickel. The negative charge on the insulator is explainedby Zwikker points out that local heating is also an importanteffect in electrification due to ion transfer.t Leverenz(20) ascribes tlie trapping of X-ray-excited electronsin KCl crystals to sites of missing or displaced CIions in the crystals.FIG. 3EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON ELECTRiCALSEPARATION OF SYLVINITE ORE» to M> 40 90 to ro ao 90 loo% N.O nCOVMT IN CONCENTRATE300 SOO TOO 900PREHEATTEHPEHATUitE.'F.In some cases it is also possible to alter thc surfaceof one of the mineral species in the ore by selectivereagentizing or other chemical treatmentusing methods similar to those in froth flotation.In many simple cases it is only necessary to havediscrete surfaces in order to obtain suitable pai'ticleparticiecontact electrification. The treatment isthen simplified to that of desliming (removal of acommon surface from the mineral species in the ore).Por example, Florida quartz contacted against Floridaphosphate rock will charge the quartz highlynegatively and the phosphate rock equally positivelyover a temperature range from about —40° C to300° C. Sea sand contacted against silica gel willcause the quartz to he positively charged and thesilica gel negatively charged (at 30° C).FIG. 5TYPICAL ELECTRICAL SEPARATION OF FLA.PHOSPHATE ROCK USING PARTICLE-PARTSCLECONTACT ELECTRIFICATION CHARGING MECHANISM1004050 60 70 aO 90 100V. RECOVERY OF PHOSPHATE MINERAL IN CONCENTRATEFigure 5 shows the mineral distribution of asingle pass for a separation of quartz from Plroidaphosphate rock at a temperature of 150° C. TheTHE MINES MAGAZiNE • JANUARY, 1960 23

mixture was water-washed, dried, and heated in aglass container; after which it was poured into anexternal electric field of about 4 X 10^* volts permeter. There was, of course, some electrificationdue to mineral-glass contact, but if we consider therelative surface areas involved, the electrificationdue to the glass can be neglected.The average surface charge density on —48 +60mesh of quai-t.z-Florida phosphate particles was computedby photographing the trajectories of the particlesin a known, uniform, external electric field.Thc maximum charge was of the order of 1 X 10""coulomb per square meter. Since the maximumcharge in air could he about 26 X 10"" coulomb persquare meter it appears'that only approximately4% of the theoretical charge was obtained hy particle-particlecontact electrification. The low chargingefficiency probably is due to the impossibilityof making contact {even with considerable movementto effect repeated contact) because of theroughness and re-entrant angles of the surface involved.Particle-particle contact can not he assui-edmerely hy increasing agitation because one of theoperating difficulties assoeiated with particle-particlecontact electrification is the prevention of theformation of a common surface on all minerals. Acommon surface tends to form hy virtue of attritionduring the material handling stages of the process.This undesirable phenomena ])laces a rather imposingrequirement on thc design of a commercialflow sheet.Experimental TechniquesThe metallurgists faced with the problem of designingcommercial electrical beneficiation processesmust fii'st determine the conditions that will lead tooptimum selective charging of the minerals in theore to be concentrated. There are many sophisticatedexperimental techniques that can be used includingthe determination of glow cui-ves {Leverenz*^^')optical absorption studies (Mott'^s) and Gumey*^"'")aud X-ray and electron diffraction techniques. Aless didactic but more direct api:>roach to the problemis disclosed by using some of thc experimentalset-up used at the Colorado School of Mines shownin Figures 6, 7, S, 9, and 10.w Fig, 6Figure 6 depicts a chamber used for contactelectrification tests. The ambient temperature isadjusted through the use of thermostatically controlledsti-ip heaters mounted on the upper part ofthe chamber. Ambient pressure and chemical compositioncan be controlled by fillmg the chamberto the desired pressure from compressed-gas cylindereof known chemical composition. Humidity canbe controlled by standard H2S04-n20 solutions withinthe chamber.• Fig. 7^1A contaet-break-contact apparatus is shown inFigure 7. A metal cup E is held in a horizontal positionby means of a pin G opposing the motion of aspring, P. Contact between a mineral and the metalcup is made by placing thc grains in the cup. Exchange-chargeis determined hy allowing one ofthe two contacting substances to fall into a Paraday])ail, and the resulting potential rise between thepail and thc earth is then measured with a vacuumtubeelectrometer*. When the pin G is retractedas is shown in Figure 8, the cup moves to a verticalposition, thus permitting the grains to fall into theParaday pail A. In the ease of contact between twominerals, we merely substitute one of the mineralsfor the metal cup. A cross-sectional view of thecontact-break-contact mechanism including an auxiliaryhead for studying contact electrification in thejiresence of an external electric field is shown inFigure 9. The central system is shown in Figure 10.-w Fig. 8* Ttie electrometer used is a Keitliley model 200A vacuumtube electrometer with air input circuit consisting: o£a resistance greater than lOi^ ohms shunted hy a capacitanceoi: 6 nfif.24 THE MiNES MAGAZiNE • JANUARY, 1960Grounded shieKtfElectrometer• Fig. 9 Fig. 12Shielded cableCharging by Conductive InductionLet us consider a solid particle resting on anearthed conductor in the presence of an eieetricfield as is shown in Figure 11.rvFig.The particle rapidly develops local siu-facecharges by induction, but, if the external field isuniform and the particle has no initial charge, thepai-ticles experience no electric force. If the particleis conductive, it will become charged to thesame potential as the metal plate upon which it isresting, with a total charge Q = CpVp, whence itwill experience the electrical force F = QE; whereC|, is the capacitance of the particle and Vp is thepotential difference between the metal plate andthe charging electrode. If the particle is a dielectric,we cannot, in general, speak of its potential becausethc potential varies from point to point on the surfaceof the dielectric. A particle with finite conductivitywill eventually obtain a total chargeQ = CpVp, but the time required may be very large.The problem can be approximated if we consider thefollowing as an equivalent circuit:liFiq.cLet R- = the effective particle surface resistance.The value of Ii will depend on the temperature ofthe sample, its previous chemical and temperaturehistoi-y and, in many cases, on the polarity used inthe concentrating circuit. It may be possible tofavoi"abiy alter the effective resistance of a mineralby heating the mineral in the presence of the vaporof one of its constituent components to produce astoichiometric abnormality, or by introducing im-iOFaraday CupGrounded Chamberpurities into the mineral such that it will behaveas a semiconductor. It is also possible to alter theeffective resistance of a. mineral by irradiation withelectromagnetic energy of a suitable energy. Undergiven conditions, however, one can assign an effectivevalue of R- and consider that the charging mechanismwill behave as follows; neglecting inductanceone can Avrite:oriR-\-where idQdt_dQdtQ_ _C„RIf we assume the particle to have an initial chargeQ„ = 0,VpRthen Q = CV„ - CV,. e - RC RC(E-7)The practical interpretation of the analysis is(a) the charge Q at time t is proportional to thecapacitance of the particle and to the potential ofthe charging electrode, and (b) the time requiredto charge the particle to a given fraction of its finalcharge is proportional to the particle capacitanceand its resistance. Por example, the particle chargesto 63% of its final charge, in time t — RC.Unfortunately, attempts to tabulate the electricalconductivity of minerals are almost hopeless becauseTHE MiNES MAGAZiNE • JANUARY, 1960 25

the conductivity of a mineral, at a given temperature,may vary as much as one thousand fold forspecimens taken from different locations. Nevertheless,many minerals can he selectively chargedhy careful, control of charging time, according toEquation E-7. Even if the conductivity of theparticles is known and can he controlled, the problemof selectivity making a separation using inductiveconduction as a charging mechanism will not becompletely solved because, in addition to the surfacecharge due to inductive conduction, there will benearly always a surface" charge due to (a) particleparticlecontact electrification, and (h) particlemetalcontact electrification. We note that there isno selectivity of the conductive particles with respectto the sign of the charge they bear when theyare charged by this electrification mechanism. Thisexaggerated example also illustrates the importanceof making a particle-particle contact electrificationseparation at the condition of minimum surface conductivity.Charging by Mobile IonsIf, hy some means or other, a small portion of asolid siu-face is given a surface charge, the chargetends to eventually spread evenly over the entiresurface. If the solid is a good electrtcal conductor,the redistribution of electric charge is almost instajitaneous.If the solid is a good dielectiic, forexample, dry pure NaCl, KCl, or quartz (at roomtemperature) the redistribution of the same chargewill be very slow; it may take several weeks. Bysubjecting dielectric materials to an atmosphere ofmobile ions, their surface is made temporarily electricallyconductive. The following simple laboratoryexperiment illustrates the principle of using mobileions to selectively separate a conductive mineralfrom a dielectric mineral by electrical forces.Place a single layer of a mixture of a good insulatoraud a good conductor (quartz and galena,for example) on a grounded metal plate (see Figure13. Place a second plate with a charge + Q infront of the fii-st. Next, plaj^ the flame of a groundedlamp over the sm-face of the minerals (see Jeans'^'*^.The entire surface of the minerals on the, first platewill then have a total charge of — Q distributedover its surface. (Instead of using "Jeans' lamp"we may, of course, substitute any other conveniention source.) After the minerals have been charged,remove thc plate that held the minerals and invertit. It will be found that the PbS particles, beingreasonably conductive, will rapidly share theircharge with the earthed plate and will fall from thcplate. The quartz particles are not capable of losingtheir charge and are held to the plate by theirown image force. Electrostatic image theory ismerely a method of solving Laplace's or Poisson'sequations by inspection of symmetry' conditions.+ Q7Charging*• a *-rFig. 13Por a detailed discussion of image theory see anyphysics text, for example, Sommerfeld*^^'*.A practical variation of the above experimentis the electrical separation of conductors from insulatorsusing' corona discharge as a source of mobileions. Charging hy corona has heen studied in detailby Loeb'^^', Lowe*^"", Lucas'^^*, and others.The electrification mechanism is due to both ion diffusion,and to ion bombardment. The important factorsapplicable to electrical concentration of mineralsare:1. The limiting charge Q on a spherical particleof radius r is proportional to the field B, andto the square of the radius. (See Pauthenier(20) •2. If appreciable corona is required, the dischargeelectrode should be negative because the flashover voltage is higher (Delassale'"''"')-The following photograph shows a modern Carpcocorona-type separator used at the Colorado Schoolof Mines {Figure 14).Rg. 14This separator has proven quite effective for theseparation of electrical conductors from electricalinsulators on an industrial scale.* Thc nonconductingparticles are held to the roll by their imageforces and are mechanically or electrically removedon the back side of the roll. Thc mechanical forcesutilized in this type of separation are obvious.Power RequirementsWith thc exception of the corona-discharge typeseparator the power requirements for electrical concentrationof minerals is (contrary to popular opin-* The Carpco separator and similar- separators such asSutton, Sutton and Steele, can also' be used to charge hyinductive conduction or to provide a suitable field for contactelectrification separations by replacing the fine wireelectrode with a large cylindrical electrode.r- ihII'Discharging26 THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960•ion) extremely small. By way of ilhistxation, considerthe separation of a ton of —48 +65 meshquai-tz and phosphate particles in au external fieldof 4X1'^'' newt,ons/coulomb using free fall electrodesspaced 12.7X10"^ meters (5 inches apai-t).Let us assume that the particles will move half ofthe distance and that their initial velocity in thedirection of the potential gradient is 0. Pai"ticleparticlccontact electrification will give a ratio ofcharge to mass of about^ =m9X10-"The horizontal force F = QEthus by Newtonian mechanicsQE = md^xdt^coulombKg.where x is the horizontal distance the particle movesdui-ing time tthus cPxdt^thus dxdtC, =0orx=^1.8t2 + C2Cs^Om9Xio--'kg meters~sec.^This energy change has, of course, been obtainedat the expense of the external electric circuit; thatis to say, each particle requires the expenditure of5 X 10"' kg meters^sec^5 X 10"^ joules to traversethe electric field.The average time t^ required for this expenditureof energy is2x(vr — Vo)Thus the power required was1.9 X 10"^ sec.A ton of —48 -j-65 mesh particles contains907.8 kg= 41.8X10" particles.21.7 X 10-" kgparticleThus the poAver required per ton41.8X10=* particles2.63 X 10-^ wattsXparticle= 1.10kw.This corresponds to approximately 1 cent-per-tonpower cost at an industrial power rate. In otherwords, the power cost associated with leakage losses,lighting, materials handling, etc., are far greaterthan thc true power requirements for separating aton of material by the mineral-mineral contact electrificationprocess.Future of Electrical Concentration of MineralsThe writer feels that the future of electrical concentrationof minerals will depend almost entirelyon the rate at which our knowledge of solid-statephysics and surface physics can be increased. Manycombinations of minerals as received from the mineor washing plant can not he selectively electrifiedby the methods outlined in this paper. It is probahle,however, that most combinations of minerals couldbe made to lend themselves to economical electricalconcentration if the metallurgist had sufficientknowledge of solid-state physics. The tremendousstrides made by surface and solid-state physicists inthe past few years indicate that similar studies bypersons interested in minerals beneficiation willlead to tremendous practical accomplishments.AcknowledgmentsThe data contained in this paper were obtained fromthe work done by the writer at the Colorado School ofMines and at the Central Research Laboratory of InternationalMinerals and Chemical Corporation at Skoltie, Illinois.Bibliography1. Seitz, F., 1940, Modern Theory of Solids, McGraw-Hill Boole Co., Inc.2. Kittel, D., 1953, Introduction to Solid State Physics."Wiley and Sons.3. and 4. Mott, N. P., and Gurney, R. W., 1946, ElectronicProcesses in Ionic Crystals.5. Hatfield, H. S., Inst, of Mining and Metallurgy Bulletin,1924, vol. 3, Bull. 233, "Dielectric Separation."6. Henry, P., 1953, Brit. J. of Applied Physics, Supplementto S31.7. Adam,, N. K., 1949, The Physics and Chemistry ofSurfaces, Oxford TJniv. Press, 3rd edition, p. 300.8. Coehn, A., 1928, Handb. der Physik, 13, 332.9. Zwikker, C, 1954, Physical Properties of Solid Materials,Interscience Publishers, Inc., N. Y., p. 253.10. Beach, R., 1947, Electrical Engineering, vol. 66, p.325.11. Mott, N. F., and Gurney, R. W., 1946, ElectronicProcesses in Ionic Crystals, Chap. 2.12. Wagner, P. E., Nov. 1956, J. of Applied Physics, vol.27, no. 11.13. Zwikker, C, op. cit.14. Leverenz, H. W., 1950, Luminescence of Solids,"Wiley and Sons, p. 47.15. Bardeen, J., 1947, Phys. Rev., 56, p. 717.16. Shockley, "W., 1939, Phys. Rev., 56, p. 317.17. Mott, N. F., and Guerney, R. "W., op. cit.18. Viek, P. A., Oct. 1953, Sci. Progr. 41, p. 642.19. Leverenz, H. "W., op. cit.20. Leverenz, H. W., op. cit.21. Leverenz, H. W., op. cit.22. Mott, N. F., op. eit.23. Gurney, R. W., op. cit.(Coniiniied on page 33.)THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960 27

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^Lxplosive WorkingOf MetalsByDR. JOHN S. RINEHART• Pilot Planf Leaching Section.•V Mineral Development and Research Laboratory.Research S+aff VersatileThe research staff is composed of speciahsts in thefield of chemical and metallm'gical research and development.The research gronp is small enough andversatile enough so that it is not necessary for theindividuals to work within closely defined limits. Therate at which the fields of chemistry, physics, andmetallurgy are overlapping frequently makes it difficultto decide whether a chemist, metallurgist, orphysicist should be assigned to a problem. It is usualfor the solution of a problem at this laboratory torepresent the joint effort of the entire group.Staff Size Varies with ProjectThe size of the laboratory and pilot plant staffvaries considerably with the particular projects whichare active. When the pilot plant is miming on a threeshiftbasis, there is normally a two-man crew on eachof the night shifts. The day shift will vary from fourCARNIVAL IN THE HIGHANDES(Continued from page 19)kind of ritual in connection with carnival festivities, andwe stopped to watch what was going on. Then, in theglow of thc embers, 1 noticed the tenseness of their bronzefaces. They were holding tbe inert form of a man, ayoung, strong-featured Indian, Although he was apparentlyalive, he seemed to he unconscious.The women raised him partially and made a smallcanopy over his bead with a heavy woolen blanket. Undertbis and close to his face, they were passing the hot emberswitb their acrid, poisonous fumes, and some holy incense.He did not respond to tbese efforts to revive him, and Iwas shocked at the sight of this helpless man being asphj'xiatedby tbe ignorance of three well-intentionedwomen.Hernan told them tbey would kill the man if they persisted.He checked the sick man's pulse and told thewomen tbe best thing for him was rest and fresh air.Fumes from the glowing embers would assuredly soonkill him. The women seemed to understand and consentedto discontinue their "treatment," so we went ondown the trail. Looking over our shoulders, we sawthat tbey bad only waited for our backs to be turned.Once more crowded around the sick man, tbey hadstarted the asphyxiation process again in their frenziedattempts to rouse him.to six depending upon the nature of the changes beingeffected.Laboratory personnel requirements increase rapidlyas pilot plant activity increases. Fortunatcty as aproject reaches the pilot plant stage, it is farily certainto develop into a commercial operation. When this isthe case, the expanded staff can be made up largelyof operating personnel who will move into the commercialplant when it is built.The Kerr-McGee approach to a mineral developmentand research effort provides close and continuousservice to operations from the research group. Responsibilityfor not only process development but plantdesign and performance as well, tends to bring togetherboth scientific, engineering and practical operatingskills. Application of countless new scientificand engineering ideas and discoveries to the endlessproblems of the mineral industrj'" provides a continuingchallenge to each member of the staff.Bridging Alien CulturesThis incident disturbed my previous feeling that Ihad come close to the Indians and their strange way oflife. I could not but reflect how alien one culture canbe to another and how difficult it is to make any effectiveand permanent bridge between the two. This youngman's probable death to me seemed a terrible waste dueto ignorance. Yet, I was not looking at it from tbe viewpointof tbe Quechua Indians, to whom it would be atragic event indeed, yet one which in their eyes couldnot have been avoided. And could they not, perhaps, havelaid a similar judgment upon Hernan for allowing hismother to travel in an airplane that brought her and 18others to their violent death in these very mountains?I was glad when we finally reached Independencia andI could dismiss from my mind these dismal thoughtsbrought on by ths mystery and silence of the higb mountaintrails.My memory of carnival time in the Higb Andes isthus something compounded of very bright and verysombre colors. I remember wild music, dancing, bonfires,and—unexpected, sudden, ominous—tbe menace of death.Overlooking this tragl-comedy, generation after generation,tower the silent snow peaks. One has tbe impressionthat tbey are brooding over the frailty of humanlife. If they have reached any conclusions, they keep thesecret to themselves.The working of metals: compaction, forming, drawing,swedging, is a new technology which is beginningto contribute significantly to metal worldng practicesand is assuming an important place in equipmentancillary to mine development and pi'oduction. Therecent introduction of the working of metals usingexplosive charges as a source of power has given riseto;fabulous claims, and it has been difficult for managementand engineers alike to assess the trae worth ofthis development and the impact that it will have uponmetal fabrication processes.New Method Seems to Violate RulesStatements appearing in the press are enough toexcite even the most conservative: this new method,forming by use of explosive charges, seems to violateall the rules for forming; the tougher the metal thebetter the results; under such loads even the toughestmetals behave strangely, acting more like fluids orplastics than solids. What, then, are some of the facts?In any explosive metal forming process, one is dealingwith'explosives, metals, and the nature of the couplingbetween the two. The source of energy is an explosive,an explosive being a substance or a mixture of substanceswliich on the application of heat, presstu'e, ora mechanical blow can be converted into gases at hightemperature and high pressure, hence capable of doingwork. Modern high explosives are, however, verystable, being detonated only under well definable andreadily (K>ntrollable conditions.Two Main Types of ExplosivesThere arc two main types of explosives: high explosives,characterized by very high rates of reaction,detonation, and high pressure; and deflagrating explosivesor propellants, which burn more slowly anddevelop much lower pressures. The energy released onreaction is usually about 1,000 calories per gram ofexplosive whether the explosive detonates or burns,but the rate of release of energy in the case of thedetonating explosive is very rapid as compared withthe deflagrating explosive. In the case of high explosives,the pressure is exceedingly high in the immediate areaof the explosive, as high as 4,000,000 Ib./sq. in. at theTHEDR. JOHNAUTHORS. RINEHARTIn 1968 Dr. John S. Rinehart became professor ofmining engineering and director of ihe mining researchlaboratory at the Colorado School of Mines, tohere he isdeveloping a center for graduate study and research in thefield of rock physics and the dynamics of explosion, fragmentationand impact, as applied to the mineral industry.Born Feb. 8, 1915 in Kirksville, Mo., he graduatedloith a B. S. degree in education and an A. B. degree inphysics from Northeast Missouri State Teachers Collegein 1933 and 1934- He received his M. S. degree in physicsfrom California Institide of Technology in 19S7 and hisPh. D. degree in physics from State University of Iowain 1940.During World War II he was executive secretary ofDivision 4 of the National Defense Research Committeewhich developed the radio proximity fuse for use onrockets and bombs. In recognition for his ivar loork, hewas granted the Presidential Certificate of Merit.After the war, Dr. Rinehart joined the facidty of NewMexico School of Mines, letter becoming a researchscientist at the U. S. Naval Ordnance Test Station, During1954 and 1956, he studied and did research at CambridgeUniversity in England. In Jidy 1966 he loas made assistantdirector of Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatoryand became a research associate in astronomy at HarvardUniversity.The author of some 60 papers in physics and engineeringjournals, Dr. Rinehart also co-authored a bookentitled BEHAVIOR OF METALS UNDER IMPULSIVELOADS. He is a member of the Ameriean Physical Society,American Association of Physics Teachers, AmericanAssociation for the Advancement ofSc ience, Sigma Xi,Meteoritical Society, American Astronomical Society,and American Society for Metals.sm-face of the explosive. A short distance from theexplosive, the pressure is much less but its dm-ationmuch longer.Propellants, when burned in the open, producepressures no higher than a burning kitchen match.When confined, propellants can build up quite highpressures, which can be easily controhed, as in a gun,being usually hraited to 40,000 to 50,000 lb./sq. in.30 THE MiNES MAGAZiNE • JANUARY. 1960THE MINES MAGAZiNE • JANUARY, 1960 31

Sudden Release of EnergyThe sudden release of the energy of a high explosiontakes place in a microsecond or so, the pressure buildingup in thc same time; the explosion gases rapidlyexpand, dissipating energy, and the pressure dropssuddenly, coming to zero in a few microseconds. Thepressure generated by burning propellants takes severalmilliseconds to develop, but being confined will besustained for quite long times, decrease in pressurecoming about through cooling of the gaseous explosionproducts.The diverse applications of explosives to metalforming group into those situations in which the explosiveis detonated in intimate contact with the metalto be reworked or formed such as in the hardening ofsteels, the compaction of metal powders, the splittingof ingots, and cutting operations; and those in whichobjects such as cups, rocket nozzles, missile noses, andaircraft parts are sized or formed by drawing, usingpropellants or explosives detonated in air or in waterat some distance from the worked piece.When the explosive is placed in intimate contactwith a metal and detonated, the stresses just insidethe metal will instantaneously become exceedinglyhigh, and a transient stress disturbance is set up whichis transmitted through the metal, producing fracture,plastic flow, and other deformations, the exact natureof which will be strongly dependent upon the con--figuration of the metal-explosive system. Even underthese extreme pressure conditions, the metal is seldomconverted to a fluid, exhibiting in general the pi'opertiesof a quasi-elastic brittle material.Stratagem in Metal FormingThe stratagem in metal foi-ming is to turn to advantagespecific patterns of failures. Thus, ingots maybe split by simultaneously detonating explosive chargeson opposite sides of the ingot; or the strongly adheringinternal scales on heating pipes may be removed bydetonating an explosive charge on the exterior surfaceof the tube, thus dislodging the" scale by the samemechanism which causes a picture to be knocked froma wall by pounding on the reverse side of the wall.Explosive filled rivets have been used for many years.(See Figure 1).•V Rg. I. Explosive rivet as It looks before (left) and after (right)setting Into metal.The stress, being intense, work hardens the metal,in some cases to a depth of an inch or more, (See Figure2). Manganese or liadfield steel, used extensively inmining equipment and notorious both for its resistanceto abrasion and work hardening, is now being successfullywork hardened by the detonation of thin layersof sheet explosive placed on the surface, thereby greatlyincreasing its abrasive resistance.Explosive Separated from Work-PieceGenerally, in explosive forming the explosive is notplaced in intimate contact with the metal but is sep-Hardness Profile—Single Treatment- - —-1 IMPAC TL BETAL BHNSURFiCE i" {' I" r ij' IV" l4" 2"• Fig. 2. Hardness versus depth profile is shown for a possible explosiveImpact hardening treatment now being used for manganesesteel.parated from the w

ALUMNI BUSINESSOfficers of Alumni Association1959FRANK E. BRIBER, '16PresidentWALTER E. REDMOND, '40Vice-PresidentKEN W. NICKERSON, JR., '48SecretaryROBERT H. WATERMAN, '28TreasurerGEO. H. ROLL, '19Assistant TreasurerHARVEY MATHEWS, *I3ExecutiveCommitteeROBERT W. EVANS, '36ExecutiveCommitteeFRANK GEIB, '40ExecutiveCommitteeGEO. H. ROLL, '19ExecutiveManagerCOMMITTEE CHAIRMENK. C. FORCADE, '36PublicationsROBERT H. WATERMAN, '28Budqet and FinanceNEWELL H. ORR, '54MembershipRON F. LESTINA, '50AthleticsR. P. DAVISON, '43Research and InvestiqationE. S. HANLEY, '34AlumniEndowmentE. H. CRABTREE, JR., '27InstructionW. C. PROSSER, Ex-'07PublicRelationsA. W. CULLEN, '36NominationsDNTsctors of CSM Foundation, Inc.MEETINGSElected by Alumni AssociationKEPPEL BRIERLY, '34MALCOLM COLLIER, '22Executive Committee MeetingsThursday after 3rd Wednesdaj' eaclimonth, Alumni Office, 7:30 P. M.Meetings of Committees at call of thechairman.Executive Committee MeetingOf Mines Alumni Assn. Nov. 18The regular meeting of the ColoradoSchool of Mines Aiumni Associationwas held Wednesday, Nov. 18,in the office of The Stearns-RogerA'lanufacturing Co., Denver, Colo.The meeting was called to order at7:30 p.m. by President Frank E. Briber.Members present were: Frank E.Briber, president; Walter Redmond,vice president; R. H. Waterman,treasurer; flarvey Mathews, ExecutiveCommittee; R. W. Evans, ExecutiveCommittee; George H. Roll,executive manager.Members absent were : Ken Nickerson,secretary, and Frank Geib, ExecutiveCommittee.Committee chairmen present were:E. H. Crabtree, Jr., Instruction;Warren Prosser, Public Relations;A. W. Cullen, Nominations.Committee chairmen absent were:R. P. Davison, Research and Investigation;E. S. Hanley, Endowment;K. C. Forcade, Publications.The minutes of the regular meetingof Oct. 15, were read and approvedas read.The minutes of the special meetingof Oct. 21, were read. Moved by Mr.Crabtree the minutes be approved.Seconded by Mr. Cullen. Passed.Mr. Roll presented thc financialstatement for the first ten months of1959. The Association shows a slightloss for the month of October, 1959but showed a profit of $957.94 for thefirst ten months period. A better financialpicture will be available at theend of November, after the incomeand expense for the Annual Petroleumissue have been tabulated.In the past, there has been a misunderstandingabout life membershipsand the magazine subscriptions. Aletter sent to all life members whohad paid the fee prior to 1942, waspresented pointing out that the lifemembership previous to 1942 did notinclude a subscription to the magazine,A card for a magazine subscriptionwas included with the letter. Lifememberships paid in 1942 and laterinclude the magazine. This shouldclarify the situation concerning lifememberships and magazine subscriptions.An application for associate membershipin tbe Association for Joe E.Hopkins was presented. Moved byMr. Mathews the membership begranted. Seconded by Mr. Crabtree.Passed.A report from the PublicationsCommittee was presented. Tbey havemet with a Mr. Waldron and a Mr.Menchcr, who have had experience injournalism and advertising. The committeeis working on a plan or procedurefor the operation of MinesMagazine. 'Phis plan or procedurewill be presented to the ExecutiveCommittee as soon as it is completelyformulated. Moved by Mr. Watermanthe report be accepted. Secondedby Mr. Mathews. Passed.Mr. Crabtree reported that thecommittee of Mr. Dudgeon, Mr. Eastand Mr. Crabtree, appointed for thepurpose of recommending a replacementfor Mr. Roll, had met hut werewaiting for the notice of the vacancyto appear in the magazine before acting.Mr. Roll reported the Novemberissue of the magazine had gone topress too soon to insert the announcement.Mr. Mathews moved a letter besent to every Alumnus advising theneed of the Association to secure thcservices of an Executive Manager.Seconded by Mr. Waterman. Passed.Methods of obtaining more advertisingfor the magazine were discussed.It was suggested that cigaretteadvertising might be acceptable.Mr. Prosser announced that thePublisher's Press would like to workwith the Association and the magazine.The Annual Alumni DevelopmentFund was discussed. This should bean alumni function but is not now sohandled by the Alumni. It was suggestedthat better response would beobtained if the fund was handled bythe Alumni directly.Mr. Briber suggested the AADFbe made one of the standing committeesof the Alumni Association andthat tbe appointed chairman of theAADF automatically be the Chairmanof the Standing Committee.Mr. Prosser announced that thc annualmeeting would be held on Jan.28, 1960 at the Denver Athletic Club.The meeting will be advertised in themagazine.Mr. Prosser suggested the ExecutiveCommittee take some action tocombat the adverse publicity the schoolrecently received in the local papers.The Executive Committee is in amuch better position to take actionthan the School Administration.Mr. Briber turned thc meeting overto the Public Relations Committee(Continued on page 36)ALUMNI NEWSAlumni Membership CardMailings to be DiscontinuedFor many 3'ears Membership Cardshave been mailed to Alumni upon paj'-ment of dues. The yearly cost ofprinting the card, postage and envelopesis about $150, not includingtime consumed for the operation.The Executive Committee at themeeting of Nov. 18 decided to discontinuemailing of membership cards unlessa receipt is specifically requested.Harry J. Wolf, "03, MarriesMiss Marguerite KingHarry J. Wolf, E.M. in '03 andM.Sc. in '13, and Miss MargueriteKing were married Dec. 2 at the FirstDivine Science Church in Denver.Their home address is 3 GlenwoodSt. Little Neck 63, Long Island,N. Y.Shortly after Christmas, Mr. andMrs. Wolf Hew to Paramaribo, Surinam,where Mr. Wolf will resume hisexploration and development of goldand platinum placer properties in thewilds of southern Surinam as consultingengineer for thc Surinam DevelopmentCorp.Walter J. Tyler, '57, and Mrs.Tyler and young daughter joined theWolfs on the flight to Paramaribo.Mr. Tyler will assist Mr. Wolf inthe exploration and development ofthe placer deposits.Caldwell, '50, AppointedTax Law SpecialistDavid L. Caldwell, a 1950 miningengineering graduate of the ColoradoSchool of Mines, has received an appointmentas a tax law specialist withthe U. S. Treasury Department inWashington, D. C.After graduating from Mines, Mr.Caldwell went to work for EasternGas and Fuel Associates as a miningengineer at one of the company's WestVirginia coal mines. He was recalledin 1951 to active duty by the MarineCorps for the Korean conflict, emergingin 1952 as a first lieutenant.A further short period with EasternGas and Fuel Associates was followedbeginning in early 1953 by severalyears with the Bureau of Mines'Branch of Bituminous Coal Research.In 1956 he transferred to the Bureauof Indian Affairs in Washington,D. C, first as a mining engineer andlater as a minerals officer.Mr. Caldwell completed the requiredwork in 1956 for a law degreeat American University and a yearlater was admitted to the Bar of theDistrict of Columbia.John H. Lowell's Co. AcquiresLargest U. S. Asbestos DcgJohn H. Lowell, a student of miningengineering at the ColoradoSchool of Mines both before and afterhis military service in World War 11,is president of The Clute Corp.,which recently acquired 100 per centof the outstanding stock in AsbestosBonding Corp. ABC holds a 99-yearfee lease on the largest known chrysotileasbestos deposits in the UnitedStates, located near Napa, Calif.Two years ago Mr. Lowell andThomas H. Murphy formed theANNUALClute Corp., an outgrowth of CluteManufacturing Co., which for 30years has been engaged in research,engineering and manufacture of airseparation machinery. The corporation'spatented air separation process—for movement and classification ofmaterials through use of negative airpressure—may be applied in widelydiversified industries: in the millingof minerals, grain and such commoditiesas coffee, sugar, nitrates, fertilizer,sand and gravel.In the two years since the companywas reorganized, Clute equipment hasbeen researched and developed formore efficient milling of asbestos andmica. Mills have been installed atNapa, Calif., and Cordova, N. M.Divisions of Clute Corp. arc CluteManufacturing Division at RockyFord and Denver, Colo., AsbestosBond Corp., wholly owned subsidiaryat Napa, Calif.; Mineral IndustrialCommodities of America (MICA),Cordova, N. M., 15 per cent ownership;Clute Sales Corp., Littleton,Colo., recently formed to expeditesales of machinery and minerals; andMountain States Research Ltd., designedfor housing research activities.Mr. Lowell is a partner and executivevice president in the investmentfirm of Lowell, Murphy and Companyin Denver. He is also treasurerof the Lowell, Murphy DevelopmentCo. and president of the LittletonSavings and Loan Association in Littleton,Colo.Oscar M. Davila, "47, PromotedTo General Mill SuperintendentOscar M. Davila, a 1947 metallurgicalengineering graduate of theColorado School of Mines, was recentlypromoted as general mill superintendentby Corporacion Minera deBolivia, in charge of the supervisionBUSINESS MEETINGJan. 28 — Denver Athletic Club, 1325 GlenarmCocktails 6 p.m.Dinner ($3.50) 7 p.m.Contact Alumni Office (CR 9-3246)By Jan. 27 for ReservationsPLAN TO ATTEND!34 THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960THE MINES MAGAZINE JANUARY, 1960 35

of all their concentrators. These operationscover a wide territory and willprovide a variety of ore dressing problems.After completing his post-graduatework at Missouri School of Minesand a special research project with tinores at the Bureau of Mines, Rolla,Mo., Mr, Davila returned to his nativeland, Bolivia, Five months priorto his latest promotion, he was millsuperintendent at the largest tin minein Bolivia, Empresa Minera deCatavi.Mr. Davila's present address is SuperintendenciaGeneral de Ingenios,Casilla 626, Oruro, Bolivia.Harrah, '42, in InternationalSales at Denver Equipment Co.H. W. Harrah, a 1942 metallurgicalengineering graduate of the ColoradoSchool of Mines, has been transferredto the International Sales Divisionat Denver Equipment Co. Hewill be located in Denver and be responsiblefor sales activities in Canada,Australia, Japan, Burma and thePhilippines.An internationally known specialistin non-metallic fiotation {a process ofmineral beneficiation), he has been asales engineer in the Domestic SalesDivision of Denver Equipment Co.since 1945. He lives at 9570 W. 5lstAve., Arvada, Colo.J. B. Willis, '57, RecountsExperiences in Saudi ArabiaThis letter hy John B. Willis giveshis impressions of Saudi Arabia andtells about some of his experiences inthe Land of Aladdin's Lamp. Willisreceived his MSc. degree in geologicalengineering at Mines in 1957.Sept. 24, 1959Mr. George H. RollAlumni AssociationGolden, Colo,Dear Mr. RoU:Would you change my mailing addressfrom Saudi Arabia to 430 No.Parkman Ave., Los Angeles 20, Cal.,piease? I'll be returning to the Statesby November.My short stay in Saudi Arabia hasbeen a very gratifying experience. Thehospitality of the desert Arab is quiteremarkable. Whenever you stop totalk to someone in the desert theyinsist on offering you coffee and teaand if you don't watch them carefully,they're liable to kill a sheep andmake a big feast for you. Sometimestheir cuisine is not the best but theygladly give a guest whatever theyhave.The people with special talents forfinding water are called sonants andfor a good many centuries they havebeen doing quite well. In nearlyevery village I visited to locate waterwellsites, a sonant had been over theground previously; and after Imarked the spots we would drill, thepeople would show me "witchedsites" which generally proved to be ingood locations (one or two laterproved to be better than mine). Itbrought to mind some of Dr. BobCarpenter's comments about keepingan open mind and not scoffing atideas presented by non-college educatedpeople.Tbe feeling of Arab Nationalismis quite strong here, and there is verylittle tension and unrest. They aregenerally happy and enjoy their wayof life even though it is rigorous. Intravelling around the kingdom youhave to be very careful that someonedoesn't jump in front of your car, andmost of the local drivers act likethey're still on camels, but aside fromthat there is no need to worry. Stealingand vandalism are practically nonexistent,and if you should need ahand there's alwas's someone ready tohelp.Americans are generally well-likedhere but little understood. Our engineerstend to isolate themselves insmall groups and don't mix with thelocals and thereby miss a valuable opportunity.It's like a dance where theboys stand on one side of the roomand the girls on the other. A certaindistant admiration results, but thefruits of a more intimate relationshipare lost. I'm afraid that our diplomatsact the same, as they visit withthe king and generals and never comein contact with the people.Well, in closing I'd like to say foranyone coming to Arabia, that ifthey like the desert and aren't botheredby having no TV, they'll findthe Saudi Arabs are a very warmhearted,friendly and interestinggroup.Sincerely,John B. Willis, '57ALUMNI BUSINESS(Continued from page 34)for action to be approved by the ExecutiveCommittee.Mr. Roll asked if it was really necessaryto send membership cards tothose paying their annual dues. Hesuggested that some money could besaved if cards were not sent.Mr. Mathfews moved that theAlumni Office discontinue sendingmembership cards unless they are specificall}'requested and that a noticeof explanation be inserted in the magazine.Seconded by Mr. Crabtree. Passed.No further business appearing, themeeting was adjourned at 9 :30 p.m.CLASSNOTES(Continued from page 16)c/o Dhofar-Cities Service PetroleumCorp., Box 1201, Steamer Pt, Aden,Arabia.Robert C. Bartlett's address is 12 LicataTr., Cos Cob, Conn.John C. Capshaw gives his address asMecom Bldg. Box 2566, Houston 1, Texas.James W, Faber, metallurgical engineerfor Westinghouse Electric Corp., AviationGas Turbine Division, lives at 1160SHolmes Rd., Rt. 1, Grandview, Mo.Graham B. Gibson, exploration geologistfor Colombian Petroleum Co., hasbe'en transferred from Cucuta to Bogota,Colombia. His mailing address is ApartadoAereo 3434.Newell H. Orr has moved from Denverto 451 Brown's Lane, Pittsburgh 37, Pa.Aldon H, Strobeck's address is Box 592,Stanley, N. Dak.Stewart W. Towle, now on furloughfrom Dougias Reduction Works, PhelpsDodge Corp., where he was assistant testengineer, is now a graduate student atthe University of Arizona. His mailingaddress is 1817 E. 10th St., Tucson, Ariz.1955A boy, Mark Francis, was born Sept.17 to the Arden L. Bement family. Thisbrings the family tally to three boys andtwo girls. In November Arden attended atwo-week training session at the NavyAmphibious Training School in San Diegothrough his Army Reserve program.Hugh King has returned to Venezuelawhere he may be addressed c/o CreolePetroleum Corp., Lagunillas, Zulia, Venezuela,S, A.George Kinsel's address is 619 8. Washington,Casper, Wyo.1956Edward J. Graeber, Jr., staff memberfor Sandia Corp., may be addressed at3425 Inca St., N.E., Albuquerque, N. M.K. William Jeffers' new mailing addressis c/o U.S.C.&G.S., Norfolk DistrictOffice, 102 W. OIney Rd., Norfolk10, Va. He was formerly in Portland,Ore.1st Lt. George E, Reeves is fixed-androtary-wingpilot with the U. S. ArmyCorps of Engin'eers, His mailing addressis Engr. Topo Section, U. S. Army Eng.Dist., Gulf, APO 205, New York, N. Y.Richard H, Self, petroleum engineer,development and research. Standard Oil(Continued on page 44)36 THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960IN MEMORIAM:Herbert Austin EverestHerbert Austin Everest, "Bert" tohis intimates, died at his home in LosAngeles, Oct. 30th, 1959, at the ageof 72.His was the class of '08. His degreesE.M. and E.Met.A splendid athlete (high hurdles),tall, powerful, he had the great misfortune,ten years after graduation,while directing fire-lighting in a coalmine, to be hit and crushed by a fallof rock. It severed his spinal cord,an injury that kept him confined to awheel chair the rest of his life.In the ten years between graduationand the accident, Bert was activein mining and geology, first as chiefof party with the Oidahoma GeologicalSurvey, then as an independentconsultant in petroleum geology inTexas, Oklahoma and Kansas; as partowner, superintendent and managerof Hazelton Coal Co,, Coalgate,Olda. and also of the Southern AnthraciteCoal Co., Russellville, Ark.Following two years spent in thefight to live and regain some measurecf health, he put his mind on radioresearch and became a consultant inelectronics.In 1933, finding the old-type,heavy wide, wooden wheel chair madehim a home-bound invalid, he begandeveloping his ideas of what wasneeded to liberate him. Thus the lightweight,folding, metal chair came intobeing. He acquired the assistance ofa mechanical engineer, Mr. Harry C.Jennings, and organized the Everest& Jennings firm of which Bert waspresident for 20 years during whichthe company established its internationaloutstanding reputation forservice and quality.In 1948 the company received aPresidential Citation for the emploj'-ment of the handicapped. In 1953 theColorado School of Mines awardedBert its Distinguished AchievementMedal, the citation emphasizing theutilization of his engineering trainingto the great benefit of those handicappedby the inability to walk.In May 1954 the National Societyof Indoor Sports honored Bert with aDistinguished Service Award, and inNovember 1954 the Southern CaliforniaDistrict of Indoor Sports gaveBert a Citation for his work with thehandicapped.He wrote many articles in publicationsfor the handicapped, their rehabilitationand employment. Hismail brought actually thousands ofletters from the handicapped to whichhe dictated responses. He made repeatedvisits to hospitals for themaimed and broken to evince the possibilitiesfor usefulness.His wife, Zoe Kline, to whom hewas married four years before the accident,and his daughter, Mrs. JosephT. Gregory, who survive him, gaveto him a life-time of never falteringadoration, care, encouragement.Bert was a valiant soul; an exampleof courage of the highest type and,withal, a modest, kindly, thoughtfulgentleman.Orvil R. WhitakerOrvil R. Whitaker, 84, of 99 S.Downing St., Denver, Colo., diedThanksgiving Day, Nov. 26, 1959,at Rose Memorial Hospital. Burialwas at Fairmount.» * *Behind this simple obituary noticein the Denver newspapers, lies the unsungsaga of a useful man's life.For all the years of an active miningcareer which began with his graduationfrom the Colorado School ofMines in 1898, "O. R." or "Whit"as his many friends knew him, wasat once a friend and advisor, and,later a national authority in his field.In his earlier days, he ranged overthe United States, Mexico, Canadaand Central America as an employeeof several of the great mining companiesin those countries.Throughout this period, his naturalabilities were enhanced hy experiencein operation, management and appraisalin connection with his profession.By 1912, he had acquired such staturein that field that he was able toset himself up as a consultant. In thatcapacity, he was frequently calledupon to aid companies in makingmajor decisions. Not the least of hiscontributions, was the men whom heselected out of his broad field offriends for top-side jobs. Out of thisside of his efforts, rarely talked aboutby him, came a devoted set of followers.The path to his Denver officewas as often taken by men who cameto sit at his desk for personal adviceand help, as it was by hard pressedexecutives who sought assurance thattheir course of action was the rightone.When the Raw Materials AdvisoryCommittee of the Atomic Energi'Commission was created, he wasnamed to it and there as in the commercialfield, his views were acceptedas the expression of a forthright manwho never stooped to personal advantagenor sought popularity by sayingalways what men desired to hear.No better expression of the type ofman "Whit" was, could he foundthan that contained in the citationwhich accompanied an Award ofMerit given to him in 1942 by theColorado School of Mines as an expressionof appreciation for his servicesas a trustee of that institutionand for significant achievement in themineral industrj'.In essence, it describes him as theman he was—the ideal mining engineer.It discloses the traits which willcause him to be sorelj'^ missed throughoutthe engineering fraternity.It follows in full. Quote;AN ENGINEER:—Devoted to thorough investigationof any problem; to the determinationof all of the facts; to the selectionwith instinctive wisdom,those pertinent to the correct solution.Concerned with performance—oblivious of praise or remuneration.A MAN:—Critical of himself—tolerant ofothers; doubtful of his rights—certain of his obligations; humblein the evaluation of his ownachievements —- laudatory of another'ssuccess, A broad, balancedmind and a generous spirit.Survivors include his wife, MinaK. Whitaker; two sons, O. R. Whitaker,Jr. and George B. Whitaker;a daughter, Mary W. Parsons; twobrothers. Dr. Milton C. Whitakerand Fred Whitaker; and four grandchildren.Harold E. EadsRobert W. Harrison, '33, has justsent us a notice of the death of Col.Harold E. Eads, x-'30, in Miami,Fla., on June 22, 1958. Mr. Harrisonadds that although "Lefty" did notgraduate, he was a prominent part ofcampus life while he was in school.THE MINES MAGAZiNE • JANUARY, 1960 37

of all their concentrators. Xhese operationscover a wide territory and willprovide a variety of ore dressing problems.After completing his post-graduateworic at Missouri School of Minesand a special research project with tinores at the Bureau of Mines, Rolla,Mo,, Mr. Davila returned to his nativeland, Bolivia, Five months priorto his latest promotion, he was millsuperintendent at the largest tin minein Bolivia, Empresa Minera deCatavi.Mr. Davila's present address is SuperintendenciaGeneral de Ingenios,Casilla 626, Oruro, Bolivia.Harrah, '42, in InternationalSales at Denver Equipment Co.H. W. Harrah, a 1942 metallurgicalengineering graduate of the ColoradoSchool of Mines, has been transferredto the International Sales Divisionat Denver Equipment Co. Hewill be located in Denver and be responsiblefor sales activities in Canada,Australia, Japan, Burma and thePhilippines.An internationally known specialistin non-metallic flotation (a process ofmineral beneficiation), he has been asales engineer in the Domestic SalesDivision of Denver Equipment Co.since 1945. He lives at 9570 W. 5lstAve., Arvada, Colo.J. B. Willis, '57, RecountsExperiences in Soudi ArabiaThis letter by John B. Willis giveshis impressions of Saudi Arabia andtells about some of his experiences inthe Land of Aladdin's Lamp. Willisreceived his MSc. degree in geologicalengineering at Mines in 1957.Sept. 24, 1959Mr. George H. RollAlumni AssociationGolden, Colo.Dear Mr. Roll:Would you change my mailing addressfrom Saudi Arabia to 430 No.Parkman Ave., Los Angeles 20, Cal.,piease? I'll be returning to the Statesby November.My short stay in Saudi Arabia hasbeen a very gratifying experience. Thehospitality of the desert Arab is quiteremarkable. Whenever you stop totalk to someone in the desert theyinsist on offering you coffee and teaand if you don't watch them carefully,thej^'re liable to kill a sheep andmake a big feast for you. Sometimestheir cuisine is not the best but theygladly give a guest whatever theyhave.The people with special talents forfinding water are called sonants andfor a good many centuries they havebeen doing quite well. In nearlyevery village I visited to locate waterwellsites, a sonant had been over theground previously; and after 1marked the spots we would drill, thepeople would show me "witchedsites" which generally proved to be ingood locations (one or two laterproved to be better than mine). Itbrought to mind some of Dr. BobCarpenter's comments about keepingan open mind and not scoffing atideas presented by non-college educatedpeople.The feeling of Arab Nationalismis quite strong here, and there is verylittle tension and unrest. They aregenerally happy and enjoy their wayof life even though it is rigorous. Intravelling around the kingdom youhave to be very careful that someonedoesn't jump in front of your car, andmost of the local drivers act likethey're still on camels, but aside fromthat there is no need to worry. Stealingand vandalism are practically nonexistent,and if you should need ahand there's always someone ready tohelp.Americans are generally well-likedhere but little understood. Our engineerstend to isolate themselves insmall groups and don't mix with thelocals and thereby miss a valuable opportunity.It's like a dance where theboys stand on one side of the roomand the girls on the other. A certaindistant admiration results, but thefruits of a more intimate relationshipare lost. I'm afraid that our diplomatsact the same, as they visit withthe king and generals and never comein contact with the people.Well,,in closing I'd like to say foranyone coming to Arabia, that ifthey like the desert and aren't botheredby having no TV, they'll findthe Saudi Arabs are a very warmhearted,friendly and interestinggroup.Sincerely,John B. Willis, '57ALUMNI BUSINESS(Continued from page 34)for action to be approved by the ExecutiveCommittee.Mr, Roll asked if it was really necessaryto send membership cards tothose paying their annual dues. Hesuggested that some money could besaved if cards were not sent.Mr. Math'ews moved that theAlumni Ofiice discontinue sendingmembership cards unless they are specificallyrequested and that a noticeof explanation be inserted in the magazine.Seconded by Mr. Crabtree. Passed.No further business appearing, themeeting was adjourned at 9:30 p.m.CLASSNOTES(Continued from page 16)c/o Dhofar-Cities Service PetroleumCorp., Box 1201, Steamer Pt., Aden,Arabia.Robert C. Bartlett's addre.ss is 12 LicataTr., Cos Cob, Conn.John C. Capshaw gives his address asM'ecom Bldg. Box 2566, Houston 1, Texas.James W. Faber, metallurgical engineerfor Westinghouse Electric Corp., AviationGas Turbine Division, lives at 11605Holmes Rd., Rt. 1, Grandview, Mo.Graham B. Gibson, exploration geologistfor Colombian Petroleum Co., hasbe«n transferred from Cucuta to Bogota,Colombia. His mailing address is ApartadoAereo 3434.Newell H. Orr has moved from Denverto +51 Brown's Lane, Pittsburgh 37, Pa.Aidon H. Strobeck's address is Box 592,Stanley, N. Dak.Stewart W. Towie, now on furloughfrom Douglas Reduction Works, PheipsDodge Corp., where he was assistant testengineer, is now a graduate student atthe University of Arizona. His mailingaddress is 1817 E. 10th St., Tucson, Ariz.1955A boy, Mark Francis, was born Sept.17 to the Arden L. Bement family. Thisbrings the family tally to three boys andtwo giris. In November Arden attended atwo-week training session at the NavyAmphibious Training School in San Diegothrough his Army Reserve program.Hugh King has returned to Venezuelawhere he may be addressed c/o CreolePetroleum Corp., Lagunillas, Zulia, Venezuela,S. A,George Kinsel's address is 6J9 S. Washington,Casper, Wyo.1956Edward J. Graeber, Jr., staif memberfor Sandia Corp., may be addressed at3425 Inca St., N.E., Albuquerque, N. M.K. William Jeffers' new mailing addressis c/o U.S.C.& G.S., Norfolk DistrictOffice, 102 W. Oiney Rd., Norfolk10, Va. He was formerly in Portland,Ore.1st Lt. George E. Reeves is fixed-androtary-wingpilot with the U. S. ArmyCorps of Engineers. His mailing addressis Engr. Topo Section, U. S. Army Eng.Dist, Gulf, APO 205, New York, N. Y.Richard H, Self, petroleum engineer,development and research. Standard Oil(Continued on page 44)36 THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960IN MEMORIAM;Herbert Austin EverestHerbert Austm Everest, "Bert" tohis intimates, died at his home in LosAngeles, Oct. 30th, 1959, at the ageof 72.His was the class of '08. His degreesE.M. and E.Met.A splendid athlete (high hurdles),tall, powerful, he had the great misfortune,ten years after graduation,while directing fire-fighting in a coalmine, to be hit and crushed by a fallof rock. It severed his spinal cord,an injury that kept him confined to awheel chair the rest of his life.In the ten years between graduationand the accident, Bert was activein mining and geology, first as chiefof party with the Oklahoma GeologicalSurvey, then as an independentconsultant in petroleum geology inTexas, Oklahoma and Kansas ; as partowner, superintendent and managerof Hazelton Coal Co,, Coalgate,Okla. and also of the Southern AnthraciteCoal Co., Russellville, Ark.Following two years spent in thefight to live and regain some measureof health, he put his mind on radioresearch and became a consultant inelectronics.In 1933, finding the old-type,heavy wide, wooden wheel chair madehim a home-bound invalid, he begandeveloping his ideas of what wasneeded to liberate him. Thus the lightweight,folding, metal chair came intobeing. He acquired the assistance ofa mechanical engineer, Mr. Harry C.Jennings, and organized the Everest& Jennings firm of which Bert waspresident for 20 years during whichthe company established its internationaloutstanding reputation forservice and quality.In 1948 the company received aPresidential Citation for the employmentof the handicapped. In 1953 theTHE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960Colorado School of Mines awardedBert its Distinguished AchievementMedal, the citation emphasizing theutilization of his engineering trainingto the great benefit of those handicappedby the inability to walk.In May 1954 the National Societyof Indoor Sports honored Bert with aDistinguished Service Award, and inNovember 1954 the Southern CaliforniaDistrict of Indoor Sports gaveBert a Citation for his work witb thehandicapped.He wrote many articles in publicationsfor the handicapped, their rehabilitationand emploj'ment. Hismail brought actually thousands ofletters from the handicapped to whichhe dictated responses. He made repeatedvisits to hospitals for themaimed and broken to evince the possibilitiesfor usefulness.His wife, Zoe Kline, to whom hewas married four years before the accident,and his daughter, Mrs, JosephT. Gregory, who survive him, gaveto him a life-time of never falteringadoration, care, encouragement.Bert was a valiant soul; an exampleof courage of the highest type and,withal, a modest, kindly, thoughtfulgentleman.Orvil R. WhitakerOrvil R. Whitaker, 84, of 99 S,Downing St., Denver, Colo., diedThanksgiving Day, Nov. 26, 1959,at Rose Memorial Hospital. Burialwas at Fairmount.* * *Behind this simple obituary noticein the Denver newspapers, lies the unsungsaga of a useful man's life.For all the years of an active miningcareer which began with his graduationfrom the Colorado School ofMines in 1898, "O, R." or "Whit"as his many friends knew him, wasat once a friend and advisor, and,later a national authority in his field.In his earlier days, he ranged overthe United States, Mexico, Canadaand Central America as an employeeof several of the great mining companiesin those countries.Throughout this period, his naturalabilities were enhanced by experiencein operation, management and appraisalin connection with his profession.By 1912, he had acquired such staturein that field that he was able toset himself up as a consultant. In thatcapacity, he was frequently calledupon to aid companies in makingmajor decisions. Not the least of hiscontributions, was the men whom heselected out of his broad field offriends for top-side jobs. Out of thisside of his efforts, rarely talked aboutby him, came a devoted set of followers.The path to his Denver officewas as often taken by men who cameto sit at his desk for personal adviceand help, as it was by hard pressedexecutives who sought assurance thattheir course of action was the rightone.When the Raw Materials AdvisoryCommittee of the Atomic EnergyCommission was created, he wasnamed to it and there as in the commercialfield, his views were acceptedas the expression of a forthright manwho never stooped to personal advantagenor sought popularity by sayingalways what men desired to hear.No better expression of the type ofman "Whit" was, could be foundthan that contained in the citationwhich accompanied an Award ofMerit given to him in 1942 by theColorado School of Mines as an expressionof appreciation for his servicesas a trustee of that institutionand for significant achievement in themineral industry.In essence, it describes him as theman he was—the ideal mining engineer.It discloses the traits which willcause him to be sorely missed throughoutthe engineering fraternity.It follows in full. Quote:AN ENGINEER:—Devoted to thorough investigationof any problem; to the determinationof all of the facts; to the selectionwith instinctive wisdom,those pertinent to the correct solution.Concerned with performance—oblivious of praise or remuneration.A MAN:—Critical of himself—tolerant ofothers; doubtful of his rights—certain of his obligations; humblein the evaluation of his ownachievements •—• laudatory of another'ssuccess, A broad, balancedmind and a generous spirit.Survivors include his wife, MinaK, Whitaker; two sons, O. R. Whitaker,Jr. and George B. Whitaker;a daughter, Mary W. Parsons; twobrothers. Dr. Milton C. Whitakerand Fred Whitaker; and four grandchildren.Harold E. EadsRobert W. Harrison, '33, has justsent us a notice of the death of Col.Harold E. Eads, x-'30, in Miami,Fla., on June 22, 1958. Mr. Harrisonadds that although "Lefty" did notgraduate, he was a prominent part ofcampus life while he was in school.37

CAMPUS HEADLINESIntensive Science ProgramMajor Chonge in CurriculaAn intensive integrated science programis the major change in the ColoradoSchool of Mines curricula, announcedby Dr. John W Vanderwilt,Mines president.Thc curricula changes—first in severalyears—-were outlined at theSchooFs monthly faculty meeting inDecember. The class changes resultedfrom a two-year study of the presentcurricula by the School's faculty, administrationand board of trustees.Major changes occurred in the supportingdepartments of mathematics,chemistry and physics. Also changedwere the numbers of credit hours necessaryfor professional degrees in thesix degree-granting departments atMines, All changes become effectivenext fail.Expanding Areas of EngineeringIn commenting on tbe new requirementsfor a Mines degree. Dr. TrumanId. Kuhn, dean of faculty, said"These changes have been made toinsure preparing our students for thcvastly expanding areas of mineral engineering.Since new and varied fieldsopen each year, we are attempting tobetter acquaint our students withbasic work and basic sciences in anintegrated manner."In addition to the science changes,the School also added six more semesterhours of humanities—includingcourses in history, languages, economicsand psychology—as requirementsfor each student. They will be requiredto take three of the humanityhours in either the freshman or sophomoreyear (making the lower divisionhumanity requirements 15 semesterhours) and the reinaining three in thejunior or senior year.The School's Board of Trustees approvedthc changes and passed a resolutionstating "We do not believe astudent load of 60 hours a week isexcessive." The average Mines studentnow carries 20 credit hours eachsemester (about four more than thenormal college student) ; 31 actualhours of lecture and laboratory workeach week; and spends about 30 hoursa week at borne preparing for theweek's course work.Infegrated Teaching ProgramsPhysics, mathematics and chemistrydepartments have tightened integratedteaching programs which began severalyears ago. The faculty believesthat, through integration of coursematerial, thc transition from beginningsubjects to more difficult areaswill result in greater retention ofcourse material and ability to applyprinciples of science to their particularoption courses.In mathematics, all Mines studentswill be required to talce at least 17semester hours during their first twoyears. The four-semester math programcombines elements of trigonometry,calculus, analytical geomcteryand differential equations. Previouslythe students had been required to take20 semester hours of math the firsttwo years, but the courses were notas closely integrated. The integrationwill also allow brighter students toproceed at a faster rate and entermore difficult classes earlier.Nearlv 50 per cent of the Minesstudents continue math studies intheir junior and senior years—mostof them taking courses in advancedcalculus, statistics and numerical analysis.Emphasis on Modern PhysicsIn physics, the changes are made toincrease attention in modern physics.Previously required to take 10 semesterhours of physics in the first twoyears, Mines students will now be requiredto take 13 hours—with themajority of the increase devoted tomodern physics. The integrated coursefor freshmen and sophomores willcombine elements of mechanics, wavemotion, magnetism, heat, electronics,optics and nuclear physics.Freshman and sophomore chemistrystudents will take two less semesterhours now—a reduction to 16 from18—but the emphasis on chemicalprinciples has been increased. Thechemistry classes will now be knownas the four-semester program in Principlesin Chemistry. The new programwill combine elements and classification,atcmic structure, molecularstructure, chemical equilibria, chemicalkinetics and advanced atomic andmolecular structures.Hours Necessary to GraduateAlso changed in the new curriculaare the numbers of hours necessary forgraduation. Formerly the School requiredundergraduates to take from164 semester hours (in geology) to153 hours (in metallurgy) for thefirst degree. Now the required hourswill range from mining and geologywith 158 to metallurgy's 152. In addition,all undergraduates will still berequired to take from 13 to 15 semesterhours of summer session coursesand field work.This vear 1080 students are enrolledat Mines—10- per cent ofwhom are graduate students.Captain Sutton ReceivesCommendation MedalCapt. James L. Sutton, assistantprofessor at Mines, was recently presentedwith the Army CommendationMedal for meritorious service bvPMST Lt. Col. Bruce D. foncs ata formation of the CSM ROTCcadet battalion. Captain Sutton, assignedto Mines frcm Greenland, wasresponsible for tbe construction of oneof the eastern stations of the DistantEarly Warning (DEW) Radar Line.He effectively coordinated the effortsof civilian contractors. Navy, AirForce, Coast Guard and Army transportationunits to complete the jobwell ahead of schedule, despite thehazardous and unusual working conditionsexisting north of the ArcticCircle.Mining Equipment GivenTo CSM Experimental MineNearly $40,000 worth of miningequipment has been given to the ColoradoSchool of Mines for use in theSchool's experimental mine at IdahoSprings, Colo.The equipment—which previouslyhad been used in tbe U. S. Bureau ofMines exploration work—has beenmoved to the School and will be installedin tbe Edgar Mine in tbe nearfuture.The mining items came from a Hstof excess expendable and non-expendableproperty which the U. S. Departmentof Interior offered to the mineralengineering college. Included areeight drifting drills, 19 jackhammerdrills, accompanying machinery andvarious mountings, dies and drill steel.The cost of the equipment to theBureau is listed at slightly more than$8,000, but the same equipment pur-chased new on the commercial marketwould cost at least five times that.The new additions of machinery bringtbe total amount of School-ownedequipment in the Edgar Mine to$170,000.The Edgar Mine is used to teachpractical mining techniques and safetyprocedures to mining engineeringstudents. The mine is also used as atourist attraction during the vacationmonths. Last summer 11,000 visitorstook guided tours of the former gold,silver, lead and zinc mine.ROTC Rifle TeamMoves to New GymThe Colorado School of MinesROTC rifle team has moved to itsup-to-dai:e range in the new gymnasium.John W Vanderwilt, presidentof Mines, fired off the first twoshots for an eight and a nine toinaugurate use of the new facility.Faced for many years with substandardrange facilities, the Minesrifle team will have home shoulderto-shouldermatches for the first timethis year. M/Sgt. Wiiiiam King,coach of last year's Colorado-WyomingSmall Bore Rifle champs, hopesto see continued improvement in theMiners on the new range.The 10-point range has firing lanesat distances varying from 25 feet to1000 inches.CSM Engineer ROTC GraduatesRank Among Nation's BestThe School of Mines EngineerROTC graduates continue to rankamong the nation's best. Figures releasedby the army engineer schoolat Fort Belvoir, Va., show that 51per cent of the Miners attending theschool during the fiscal year 1959ranked in the upper one-third of theirclass. Of 35 engineer ROTC units inthe nation, only Rice Institute ofTexas was able to outshine the Minerswith a figure of 52 per cent in theupper third of the class.During the fiscal year of record,Mines sent 41 students through theeight-week basic offlicers' course ascompared to 21 from Rice. As a noteof interest, during this period, onlyeight other schools in tbe nation, includingthe U. S. Military Academy,commissioned more officers in tbeCorps of Engineers than the School ofMines.V Dr. John W Vanderwilt, CSM president, fires ihe first shot on the rifle range in the newgymnasium. In the foreground, left, is Sgt. William C. King, rifle feam coach; in ihe backgroundis Sgt, Walter E. Gilmore, administrative NCO.100 Enrolled at MinesFor Graduate DegreesEnrollment this fall of 100 graduatestudents at Mines (greatest numberin the School's history) is distributedamong the following departments:28, geology; 25, geoph3'sics;15, mining; metallurgy, 10; 7, petroleumengineering; 3, petroleum refining;3, combined options; 9, withoutoption.Twenty-four countries and 22 U.S.states are represented by the graduatestudents.Sixty-six are candidates for Master'sdegrees, 15 for Doctor's degrees.The rest of the graduate students areeither without options or within specificoptions, but not working for degrees.George Morehouse GrantFor Geology and MiningA $2,230 grant to the ColoradoSchool of Mines Foundation, Inc.,will be used to purchase needed equipmentfor the School's mining and geologydepartment. The . grant wasmade by George E. Morehouse ofGrand Junction, Colo.Morehouse, a 1949 mining engineeringgraduate of the School, is aconsulting engineer and geologist withoffices in Grand Junction. He alsoreceived a master of science degree ingeological engineering in 1950 fromMines.The majority of the recent grantwill be used to purchase a $1,730Frantz Separator for the geology department.This equipment allows arapid method of mineral separationthrough the use of changeable magneticforces. The remaining $500 willbe used to buy stress and strain gaugemeters from tbe University of Durham(England). The equipment willbe used both in class and research.26-Game Basketball SclieduieAnnounced by BrenneckeA 26-game basketball schedule fortbe 1959-60 season has been announcedby Fritz S. Brennecke, directorof athletics at the ColoradoSchool of Mines.Mines will play 18 Rocky MountainFaculty Athletic Conferencegames, and splits its entire schedulewith 10 home games and 16 on thcroad. Jimmy Darden, former AAUand professional player and coach,will enter his sixth year as head basketballcoach.The schedule of games still to beplayed is:Sat. Jan. 16—at Colorado State College,at Greel'ey (RMFAC)Mon. Jan. 25—-at Colorado State College,at Greeley (RMFAC)Fri. Jan. 29—Western State College, atGolden (RMFAC)Sat. Jan. 30—Western State Coll'ege, atGolden (RMFAC)Wed. Feb. 3—at Coiorado College, ColoradoSprings (RMFAC)Mon. Feb. S—Colorado State College, atGolden (RMFAC)Wed. Feb. 10—Air Force Academy, atGoldenFri, Feb. 12—at Adams State College,Alamosa (RMFAC)Sat. Feb. 13—at Adams State College,Alamosa (RMFAC)Tne. Feb. 16—Colorado State College, afGolden (RMFAC)Fri. Feb. 19—at Western State College,Gimnison (RMFAC)Sat. Feb. 20—at Western State College,Gnnnison (RMFAC)Mon. Feb. 22—Colorado College, at Golden{RMFAC}Fri. Feb. 26~at Idaho State College, Pocatello(RMFAC)Sat. Feb, 27—at Idaho State College, Pocatello(RMFAC)The Miners will have a basketball"home" for the first time in a dozenvears this season. Work has beencompleted on tbe new Mines $1.1miiiion gymnasium, which contains abasketball arena. The arena can seat1500 spectators for intercollegiategames. Since 1947 the Orediggershave been playing on a portable floorerected over Steinhauer Field house'sclay surface.(Continued on page 41)38 THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960 39

FROM THE LOCAL SECTTONS=Minutes of Secfion Meetings should be in the Alumni Office by the I5fh of fhe Month preceding Publication.ALABAMABirmingham SectionPres.: Joseph Hohl, '25Sec: Richard White, '42249 Flint Dr., FairfieldARIZONAArizona SectionPres.: Bob Thurmond, '43V. Pres.: Gene Klein, '43Sec; Bill Bessinger, '506737 E. Koralee St., TucsonAnnual meetings: First Monday in December;3rd Sunday in May (annual picnic).Four Corners SectionSee New Mexico for officersCALIFORNIABay Cities SectionPres.: John D. Noll, 'SIV. Pres.: Ralph D. Eakin, '48Treas.: Herbert D. Torpey, '51Sec: Charles G. Bynum, '262810 Loyola Ave., RichmondSouthern California SectionPres.: W. C. Prigge, '42V. Pres.: R. E. McGraw, 'S3Treas.: I. R. Leonard, '42Sec: M. C. McKinnon, '529826 Corella Ave., WhitderCOLORADODenver SectionPres.: Ed. Haymaker, '41V. Pres.: M. John Bernstein, '47Sec-Treas.: Douglas Rogers, '48TA 5-2307Four Corners SectionSee New Mexico for officersGrand Junction SectionPres.: John Emerson, '38V. Pres.: Tony Corbetta, '48Sec-Treas.: Joe Hopkins, Ex-'371235 Ouray Ave., Grand JunctionDISTRICT OFCOLUMBIAWashington, D. C. SectionPres.: Charles T. Baroch, '23V. Pres.: Vincent G. Gioia, '56Sec-Treas.: Thomas E. Howard, '419511 Nowel] Dr., Bethesda 14, Md.Luncheon meetings held every 2nd Thurs.noon at Sphinx Club, 1315 K St., N.W.ILLINOISGreat Lakes Section [Chicago]InactiveKANSASKansas SectionPres.: Francis Page, '39Sec: James Daniels, '51, AM 5 0614205 Brown BIdg., WichitaMeetings: Called by Sec. Contact Secfor date of next meetingLOUISIANANew Orleans SectionPres.: George Burgess, '49V. Pres.: Emory V. Dedman, '50Sec-Treas.: Thomas G. Fails, '54Shell Oii Co., Box 193, New OrleansMINNESOTAIron Range SectionPres.: Paul Shanklin, '49V. Pres.: Leon Keller. '43Sec-Treas.: James Bingel, 'S350 Garden Dr., Mt. Iron, Minn.Exec. Com.: Wm. Gasper, '43 andRobert Shipley, '52MiSSOURiSt. Louis SectionPres.: Earl L. H. Sackett, '33Sec-Treas.: E. W. Markwardt, X-'32621 Union Ave., Belleville, HI.MONTANAMontana SectionPres.: John Suttie, '42V. Pres.: John Boiles, '49Sec-Treas.: Wm. Catrow, '41821 W. Silver St., ButteNEW MEXICOFour Corners SectionPres.: Dick Banks, '53V. Pres.: Tony King, '57Sec Treas.: Tom Allen, '41NEW YORKNew York SectionPr'Es. & Treas.: Ben F. Zwick, '29Sec: H. D. Thornton, '40Union Carbide Corp.30 E. 42nd St.. New York CityOHIOCentral Ohio SectionPres.: Roland Fischer, '42Sec-Treas.: Frank Stephens, Jr., '42Battelle Mem. Inst., ColumbusCleveland SectionPres.: Charles Irish, '50Treas.: Theodore Salim, 'S3Penn sylvania-Ohio SectionSee Pennsylvania for officersOKLAHOMABartlesviile SectionPres.: R. C. Loring, '37 and '39V. Pres.: C. T. Brandt, '43Sec-Treas.: W. K. Shack, '514726 Amherst Dr., BartlesviileOklahoma City SectionPres.: Lynn Ervin, '40V. Pres.: Clayton Kerr. '30Meetings the 1st and 3rd Tuesday of eachmonth at the Oklahoma ClubTulsa SectionPres.: Parke Huntington, '26V. Pres.: Jerry Diver. '52Sec-Treas.: Jim Newell, '52PENNSYLVANIAEastern Pennsylvania SectionPres.: Samuel Hochberger, '48V. Pres., Sec-Treas.: Arthur Most, Jr., '3891 7th St., FullertonPennslvania-Ohio SectionPres.: L. M. Hovart, '50Sec-Treas.: George Schenck, '527130 Thomas Blvd., PittsburghMeetings upon call of the secretaryTEXASHouston SectionPres.: Jack Earl, '53V. Pres.: John C. Capshaw. '54Sec-Treas.: Nick Shiftar, '405132 Mimosa St.,Bellaire. TexasNorth Central SectionV. Pres.: Howard Itten. '41Sec-Treas.: Harley Holliday. '424505 Arcady Ave., Dallas 5Sec-Treas.: S Geffen, Ex-'42, Ft. WorthSec-Treas.: John Thornton. '50609-B Scott St.. Wichita FallsPermian Basin SectionPres.: Van Howbert, '51V Pres.: Hal Ballew, '51Sec-Treas.: Tom McLaren, '52P. O. Box 1600, MidlandLuncheon meetings held first Fridaj' ofeach month at Midland Elk's Club.South Texas SectionPres.: James Wilkerson, '31V. Pres.: Edward Warren, 'SOSec-Treas.: Richard Storm, '531007 Milam Bldg., San AntonioUTAHFour Corners SectionSee New Mexico for officersSalt Lake City SectionV. Pres.: Joe Rosenbaum, '34Sec-Treas.: Kenneth Matheson, Jr., '48614 13th Ave., Salt Lake CityWASHINGTONPacific Northwest SectionPres.: Wm. Douglass, '11Sec: C. Ted Robinson, '5316204 S.E. Sth, BelleviewWYOMINGCentral Wyoming SectionPres.: John Newhouser, 'SOSec: Adolph Frisch, '532805 O'Del! Ave., CasperLOCAL SECTIONS OUTSIDEU. S. A.Caigary SectionCANADAPres.: R. F. Ziramerly, '47V. Pres.: J. S. Irwin, Jr., '54Sec-Treas,: G. L. Gray, '501304 4th St. S.W., CalgaryLuncheon mieetings held 3rd Monday ofeach month in Calgary Petroleum Club;visiting alumni welcome.LimaSectionPERUPres.: Richard Spencer, '34V, Pres.: Hernando LaBarthe, '+2Sec-Treas.: Norman Zehr, '52Casilla 2261, LimaMeetings first Friday of each month,12:30 p.m.. Hotel Crillon (April throughDecember), or on call.PHILIPPINESBaguio SectionPres.: Francisco Joaquin, '26V. Pres.: Claude Fertig, X-'27Sec: P. Avelino SuarezBalatoc Mining Co., ZambalesManila SectionPres.: Servilano Aquino, '41V. Pres.: Gus Neumann, '21Sec-Treas.: J. Kuykendall, '41Ankara SectionTURKEYAlumni visiting Turkey contact either:F. Ward O'Malley, '42, Explr. Mgr.,Tidewater Oil Co., Kumrular Sokakb,Yenisehir Ankara; Tel. No. 21328.Ferhan Sanlav, '49, Turkiye PetrolleriA. O. Sakarya Caddesi 24, Ankara; Tel.No. 23144.Caracas SectionVENEZUELAPres.: William A. Ausdn, Jr., '27V. Pres.: G. V. Atkinson, '48Sec-Treas.: T. E. Johnson, '52c/o Phillips Petr. Co.Aptdo 1031Asst. Sec-Treas.: R. L. Menk, '51c/n Creole Petr. Corp.Aptdo 889Caracas SectionCaracas Section held an informaldinner meeting on Dec. 3. at the CentreVenolozano-Americano del Este.New officers elected for the nextterm are: William A. Austin, Jr.,'27, president; G. V. Atkinson, '48,vice president; T. E. Johnson, '52,secretary-treasurer; R. L. Menk, '51,assistant secretarj'-treasurer.Bill Austin celebrated his electionby picking up the bar bill.Present at the dinner were:F. H, Storms, '24'; William A. Austin,Ir., '27; P. G. Sharp, '33; M. T. Rader,G. V. Atkinson, '48; R. L. Menk, '51;T. A. Garrity, '52; A. Nogales, '53; G.Adams, '57; John Christians, '58.G. V. Atkinson, vice pres.Grand Junction SectionThe season started off with the"Setter Party" on schedule, Nov. 14.Cocktails and hors d'oeuvres at Setter'shome. Dinner dance at BookcliffCountry Club 8 p.m. to midnight.Fifty-five people were present: 22members and wives, ten guests andone honorary member's wife (Mrs.W. G. Haldane). Mary Kay preparedthe hors d'oeuvres and attendedthe cocktail party but had other businessat dinner time.Motica, Fulton and Kohler obtainedingredients and served drinksat Setter's in good style. The dinnermenu was club steak with all thetrimmings."The Knight Errants," a livelythree-piece orchestra, kept everyoneon their toes. When the orchestra quitat midnight, George Morehouse donated$15 to keep them going. Sincethe orchestra was a "special" we werecharged $49 for it, so a "Thundermug"was placed at the door of Setter'shome and as people left theydonated what they saw fit. We "took"$37.25 for the kitty—John Mitchellcounted their change and encouragedthem to contribute.Corbetta and Hopkins collected $5per head from tbe members for tbedinner, to keep the books almost even.Those attending were:Bob and J'enny Barney, Duane andMarian Bauman, Tony and Lucille Corbetta,Bob and Bell Daniel, John andMary Emerson, Dave and Jeanne Fulton,Mrs. W. G. Haldane, Dutch and DnttieHildebrand (Guests Mr. and Mrs. MaxWelch), Joe and Ellen Hopkins, MaryKay, Doug and Bonnie Kaasch (GuestsMr. and Mrs. Warner), Bill and MarionKohler, Tim ami Mrs. McCandless, Johnand Ruth Motica, George and Ruth Morehouse,John and Jean Mitchell, Dick andLois Philippone, Bill and Helen Rump,Mark and Elain Shipman, Allan andDorothy Simpson, Bob and Bonnie Saer,Tony and Kay Setter (Guests Mr. andMrs. Ary and Reynolds), Charlie andShirley Woodard, Frank and Ruth Woodard,Next party will start with cocktailsin the Simpson Cross Cut with dinnerdance at the Caravan Mess Hall onSaturday, Jan. 23, with Alan andDorothy Simpson as host and hostess.Joe Hopkins, Jr., secretaryHouston SectionTbe Houston Section held itsmonthly luncheon on Friday, Nov.13 at the Houston Club. This meetinghad been delayed to accommodateMiners who might be attending thegeologists and geophysicists convention.Several were in attendance. Iwas particularly pleased to meet anold friend, Chuck Thurber, '39.Bob Turley, '52, reported brieflyon some of the subjects of interestwhich were discussed at the convention.John Biegel, '39, talked brieflyabout the luncheon to be held Dec.29. At this meeting we hope to bringtogether some of the mine studentswho live in Houston and prospectivestudents who may be considering enrollingat Mines. John Capshaw willcommunicate with the registrants withthe objective of publicizing this luncheon.Miners attending the Nov. 13thluncheon were:Albert G. Wolf, '07; L. R. Van Burghand S. A. Mewherter, '17; George B.Somers, '30; L G. Burrell, '31; R. A.Kerr, '36; Raymond Snyder, '37; ChuckThurber and John Biegel, '39; NickShiftar, '40; Gil Fabre, '47; Lee R. Jamison,'49; M. Malek Osloni and Art Dickenson,'50; Bill Johnson, James Grimesand Bob Owen, '51; Jim Ogg, Dick Wise,Bob Turley and C. W. Leaf, '52; Dale R.Hieger and Tom Rollins, '53; John Capshaw,'54; Hershal C. Ferguson, Jr., '58.Nick Shiftar, sec.-treas.Houston Section held its monthlyluncheon on Dec. 2 at the HoustonClub. Plans are going forward tohold the sons and dads luncheon forprospective "Mines" students on Dec.29.Miners attending the Dec. 2 luncheonwere;Albert G. Wolf, '07; S. A. Mewhirter,'17; Jim Hailard, M. L. Euwer, D. M,Davis, '25; Don I. Gahagan, '27; R. W,Snyder, '37; J, Biegel, '39; J. Pawly, NickShiftar, '40; Gilbert Fabre, '47; JackWarren, '50; Bob Turky, Jim Ogg, JohnDingman, '52; Howard Kaylor, '53.Southern California SectionThe Southern California Sectionmet Oct. 22, the occasion being thefall regional meeting of the Societyof Petroleum Engineers of AIME^.The section sponsored a cocktail partyand open house at the HuntingtonSheraton Hotel in Pasadena. Severalalums and their guests enjoyed thehospitality and fellowship, and afriendly game of chance helped defraythe expenses of the evening.The section will hold its wintermeeting Jan. 15, at the EngineersClub of Los Angeles in the BiltmoreHotel. It will be a dinner meetingwith wives and guests invited. Socialhour at 6:30; dinner at 7:30. Reservationsmay be made by calling MurravMcKinnon at Raymond 3-8631or' Oxbow 8-2201.We will have the annual electionof officers at this meeing.We sadly report the death of Mr.H. A. Everest on Oct. 30, in Hollywood,Calif.M. C. McKinnon, secretaryTuisa SectionTulsa Section held a dinner meetingon Dec. 2. A general discussionand renewing acquaintances was theorder of business.Present at the meeting were:Mike Kl'ess, '25; Harold Haight, '27;Vernon Peterson, '30; John Rupnik, '33;Eddit Chapman, '35; John Haley, '48;Merton Whitlow, '49; Jack Weyler, '50;Chester Westfall, J. W. N'ewell, '52.Arnold Bunte, '26, of Roswell, N. M.,along with Jim Ballard, '40, and JohnRoss of Wichita, Kans., were out-of-townguests.J. W. Newell, sec.-treas.CAMPUS HEADLINES(Continued frotn page 39}Post Football Season HonorsHanded Out at CSM BanquetPost football season honors werehanded out Dec. 16 at the annualColorado School of Mines footballbanquet.Center Bob Smith, four-year lettermanand three years the starting pivotfor the Orediggers, was elected honor-(Conlinued on page 46)40 THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960 41

PLANT news;• The machinery for ASEA's giant mine hoist is designed for 12,000 h.p. and a driving speedof 14 metres per second. (Photo courtesy of American Swedish News Exchange, inc.)World's Largest Mine HoistDelivered by ASEA to RussiaWhat is claimed to be the world'slargest mine hoist is being deliveredby the Swedish General Electric Company(ASEA), in Vasteras, to theSoviet Union. It is intended for adouble hoist system with a loadingcapacity of 50 tons per skip and formsa part of a delivery of nine hoistingunits. Still another hoist is of thesame size.I^he hoist drum weighs +9 tons,and its two skips weigh 40 tons each.For lifting the drum out of the constructionhall, it was necessary tobuild new traversing gear. In spite ofthe heavy capacity of the pulley unit,its diameter is only 14 feet, as itshauling capacit}'' is distributed overeight wires, as against a maximum offour wires in other large-size drivingpullej's.The driving speed is 33 feet persecond at a depth of 3,000 feet. Themotor effect is 9,000 h.p., derivedfrom four separate units which areconnected to the driving wheels bymeans of two double-reduction precisiongears. The motors are connectedto the transformers by Leonard gearing.However, the mechanical equipmentis designed for an ultimate depthof 3,900 feet, which will mean an increasein the driving speed to 14meters, or 42 feet, per second at asimultaneous increase in tbe motoreffect to 12,000 h.p.The delivery of the hoists, whichare wholly automatized, includesASEA-made skips, measuring pockets,wires, and underground transportationequipment for convej'ance of theore from the crushing stations. Thelast mentioned are to be operated byan ASEA automatic hopper system,adjusted to the automatic hoistingmethod.WKEto Design AS&R MillWestern-Knapp Engineering Co. ofSan Francisco, Calif., has beenawarded a contract to design and engineerthe 15,000 ton per day copperflotation concentrator for AmericanSmelting and Refining Co.'s MissionProject near Tucson, Ariz. Tlie copperconcentrator is the major constructionitem in the Mission Project.Cost of the total project, scheduledfor completion in years, has beenestimated at over $40,000,000.The Western District Office ofWKE will design the copper concentratorin its San Francisco EngineeringCenter. The mill will be one ofthe most efficient of its kind, incorporatingthe newest metallurgicaltechniques, and employing many automaticmeasuring and control devices.It is estimated that the annualthroughput of the mill will be 5,400,-000 tons, producing approximately45,000 tons of copper per year.Ohio Oil Plant Being BuiltBy Stearns-Roger Mfg. Co.7^he Ohio Oil Co. has let contractto the Stearns-Roger ManufacturingCo. of Denver for design and constructionof a casinghead gas processingplant to serve the rapidly developingScipio, Pulaski and Albion fieldsof south central Michigan.The plant will be an absorptionrefrigerationtype gas processing andsweetening facility with vessel capacityof 25 million cubic feet daily andcompressor capacity of 10 million cubicfeet. The plant will initially produce40,000 gallons of liquefiablesdaily and eventually production willbe boosted to 65,000 gallons. Liquidsto be extracted are propane and amixture of butane and natural gasoline.Contractor expects to break groundon site five miles north of Jonesvilleearly in February with completionscheduled by mid-1960.Hitch, Boling to DirectDorr-Oliver IncorporatedL. R. BOLING J. D. HITCH, JR.The Board of Directors of Dorr-Oliver Incorporated recently appointedJ. D. Hitch, Jr., president, tofill its vacant board chairmanship andelected L. R. Boling, currently executivevice president, to succeed Mr.Hitch as president. Both appointmentsbecame effective Dec. 1, 1959, withMr. Boling continuing as chief executiveofficer of the internationallyknown engineering concern. Dr.John V. N. Dorr and Wm. L. Oliverwill continue as honorary chairmanand vice chairman of the Board respectively.A civil engineering graduate ofHarvard, Mr. Hitch joined the formerDorr organization in 1927. Aftersix years as the company's representativein Japan, he was appointed exportmanager in 1935. He was successivelyelected vice president forsales and a director of the corporation,executive vice president, and presidentin 1953. With the merger of Dorrand Oliver organizations in late 1954,(Continued on page 45)42 THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960BOOK REVIEWSBibliography of Stable IsotopesOf Oxygen (O" and O"'}Reviewed by George B. Lucas, Departmentof Chemistry, Colorado School ofMines.Compiled and edited by David Samueland Fritz Steckel; Pergamon Press; 224pages.One of the many barriers that naturehas placed in the way of scientific investigationis the non-existence of radioactiveisotopes of oxygen and nitrogen of sufficientlylong half-life to permit their frequentuse in radioactive tracing experiments.The longest lived isotope of oxygenis 0^" with a half-life of 2.1 minutes.This half-life is far too short for manydesirable tracer experiments. Thus workersinterested in following the path ofoxygen in complex sequences must resortto the stable isotopes of oxygen (0" andO"'). The techniques and equipment requiredfor such a study have no doubtprevented many workers from followingan interesting line of investigation. Thecompilation of this Bibliography by Samueland Steckel may help convince someinvestigators that mass spectrometric techniquesinvolving stable oxygen isotopeswill yield an answer to their problem.The main section of the book is arrangedin alphabetical order of the principalinvestigator. The titie of the paper,the journal in which it appeared, and theChemical Abstract reference is given.When known, the institution in which theinvestigation was conducted is included.Each entry is identified by a letter-numbercombination which permits cross referenceto entries under a co-author's name.The second portion of the book is a subjectindex, arranged alphabetically, whichincludes the previously mentioned letternumberidentification and a further number;the year of the publication.The compilation is complete throughthe year 1957 and covers all fields ofendeavor in which isotopic oxygen figures.This bibliography should be a handyreference source for all interested parties,and should serve as an introduction tothe literature for workers who wouldlike to become acquainted with the techniquesand methodologj' of isotopic ratiomeasurements.This reviewer is somewhat puzzled bythe arrangement of the book. Far greaterutility would have been realized If themajor indexing were by subject matterrather than by author. Most workers ina field, and particularly new 'entrants, aremost interested in surveying an overallarea of research. The actual arrangementof the bibliography makes this surveymore difficult than it need be.Nevertheless, this bibliography is aworthwhile compilation and is recommendedto those interested in the area ofnon-radioactive isotopes and tracer methods.Science and ResourcesThis book, published for Resources forthe Future by The Johns Hopkins Press,is based on lectures given at the 1959Resources for the Future Forum in Washington.The papers were edited for publicationby Henry Jarrett of the RFF staff."Recent advances in science and technology,"the book's introduction states,"already are strongly influencing the productionand use of natural resources, andwill have even larger effects in the future."The 18 essays explore the natureof some of the new discoveries and theirpossible economic and social impacts.For each of six topics (genetics, weathermodification, minerals, chemical technology,nuclear energy, outer space), a naturalscientist tells where research in thatfieid stands now and where it seems tobe going, and two other authorities examinethe implications from their particularviewpoints—businessman, governmentadministrator, economist, political scientist,etc.Dr. James Boyd, who obtained hisM.Sc. and D.Sc. degrees from the ColoradoSchool of Mines (1932 and 1934),is one of three men writing on the subjectof "Exploring for Minerals." Dr. Boydis vice president in charge of exploration,Kennecott Copper Corp.Survey of Gold SituationAn inspective survey — mineral, economicand political —of the world's goldsituation is the topic of the NovemberMineral Industries Bulletin. The 16-pageBulletin, published by the Colorado Schoolof Mines, is written by Donald R. Williamson,project engineer and residentauthor at the CSM Research Foundation.Williamson outlines the various goldstandards now employed by nationsthroughout the world and discusses theproblems connected with a possible goldvalue inci^'ease.At one time the United States had 60per cent gold backing for its currency. Itnow has 40 to 25 per cent. "Such smallbacking requires that currency be madeinconvertible," says Williamson. "Obviously,the present U. S. gold reserves,priced at $35 an ounce, are already overburdened.That they are envied by othernations indicates the status of other reserves,"The $35 per ounce value was establishedin 1934. Current economic pressureshave led some people to demand highergold prices, some even urging a price of$105 per ounce.The United States, with 10 per cent ofthe world's population, has more thanhalf of the known gold reserves. Productionof gold has been fairly steady formany years, but new uses for gold continu'eto increase, thereby reducintj theamount of gold which could bolster thedwindling world reserves.Gold's use in commercial ventures suchas jewelry is increasing. An appreciableamount is being used in research for auniversal measure of distance. It's alsobeing used to coat jet planes and missiles.Williamson's survey includes a discussionof new areas to be explored for gold.These include deep ore bodies and oceanwaters. He also outlines ore, placer andhydrothermal deposits now known andsuggests future production and exploration.The November MIB is available withoutcharge, at the Department of Publications,the Colorado School of Mines,Golden.Discussion of Clay TerrainConstruction ProblemsA practical discussion of clay terrainconstruction probiems is the topic of themost recent Colorado School of MinesQuarterly. The book is a compilation ofpapers dealing with the theoretical andpractical treatment of expansive clays.The Quarterly (Voi. 54, No. 4, price$2) is an outgrowth of the First AnnualSoil M'echanics Conference, held in Aprilat Mines. The papers discuss the problemsof building on the expansive soils ofthe Middlewestern and Southwesternareas of the United States.Includied in the Quarterly are papersby Raymond E. Means, professor of architecture,Oklahoma State University; Dr.T. William Lambe, head of MIT's soilengineering department; Chester Mc­Dowell, supervising soils engineer for theTexas Flighway Department; RaymondF. Dawson, civil engineering professor atthe Ur^iversity of Texas; and W. C.Holtz, earth laboratory branch chief, U. S.Bureau of Reclamation.Report on Franciscan ChertIn Concrete AggregofesA report containing vital economic informationfor the construction industryhas just been released by the State ofCalifornia Division of Mines. Special Report55, "Franciscan chert in Californiaconcrete aggregates," by Harold B. Goldman,is espiEcially timely in view of thetremendous highway building programplanned for the next decade and alreadyinitiated. This program wil] demand concreteaggregate from new and expandingdeposits as yet relatively unexploited.Laboratoiy test data and the results offield examination of concrete structuresand gravel deposits document the author'sconclusions.Available from the Division of Mines,Ferry Bldg., San Francisco for 50c plustax.Proceedings of the Third AnnualRock Mechanics SymposiumColorado School of Mines Quarterly,Voi. 54, No. 3, 370 pages, price $3. Proceedingsof the Third Annual Rock MechanicsSymposium, held April 20-22 atthe Colorado School of Mines, have beenpublished as a CSM Quarterly.The symposium was divided into fourmajor sections, each dealing with a distinctarea of rock mechanics. They treatednuclear blasting, geophysics, soil and rockmechanics factors, and common und'ergroundand explosive failures.Tncluded among the papers are thoseof Dr. Leopold Muller, president of theInternational Assn. of Geomechanics, Germau}'^;L. E. Djingheusian, senior CanadianDept. of Mines engineer; Ulf Langefors,Nitrolglycerin Aktiebolaget physicist,Sweden; Sir Harold J^effreys, PlumianProfessor of Astronomy and ExperimentalPhilosophy, Cambridge University, England;Dr. John S. Rinehart, head of theCSM mining engineering research laboratories;and a nuclear blast summation byfour staff engineers of the Lawrence RadiationLaboratory of the University ofCalifornia.Cochise County Geologic MapCochise County is the subject of thelatest geologic map to be issued by theArizona Bureau of Mines at The Universityof Arizona. It is the sixth in aseries of geologic maps being preparedfor all Arizona counties. Developed on ascale of 1 to 375,000 inches, the map d'epictsdetailed geologic conditions in CochiseCounty, as well as the topographyand cultural features, such as roads andtowns.Printed in color, the map includes anexplanatory guide to the location of dififer-'ent types of sedimentary, metamorphicand igneous rocks, as well as a color keyTHE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960 43

showing the sources of the geologic dataincluded in the map.Dr, J, D. Forrester, director of the ArizonaBureau of Mines, said the Cochisemap is "desigoed to serve manj' usefulpurposes, not only for the mineral expert,but for the public as a whole."'The Cochise geologic map, as well asthe other five maps already issued, maybe s'ecured from the office of the Director,Arizona Bureau of Mines, The Universitynf Arizona, Tucson, at .75 cents acopy.Helium Exfracfion in CanadaA gap in the historical record of theearly research on helium gas in Canadais filled by John Satterly, professor ofphysics. University of Toronto, Toronto,Canada, who narrates from memory andfrom notes his recollections of the originand progress of the 1915-1920 helium projectsponsored in Canada by the BritishAdmiralty In an effort to obtain heliumfor use in lighter-than-air ships.Details are given of the staff concerned;of the first experimental extractionplant at Calgary, where, from early1918 to April 1920, about 60,000 cu. ft.of helium of 60 to 90 per cent purity wasrecovered from Canadian natural gasfrom the Bow Island (Alberta) field.Mines Branch Information CircularIC 105 was published by the Dept. ofMines and Technical Surveys, Ottawa,Canada; price 25 cents.Petroleum Industry in KansasThe Kansas petroleum industry canremember I9SS as a year of some pleasantsurprises in oil and gas developments andexploratory activity, despite a productiondecline that brought value of raw petroleumproducts from +58 million dollarsin the peak year of 1957. to 432 milliondollars in 1958."Oil and Gas Developments in KansasDuring 1958" by E. D. Goebel, P. L. Hilpman,and D. L. B'eene, by the State GeologicalSurvey at The University of Kansas,records and evaluates the year'sactivities.A highlight of the year's developments,according to the report, was the discoveryof tbe Llanos oil field, Sherman County,which opened northwest Kansas to intensiveexploration. Before the end of theyear, other oil fields were opened in tbearea—for example, the Sappa Creek field,Rawlins County, and the Rueb field, Chey-•enne Count}'. The Rueb field, 30 miles(Continued on page 45)CLASS NOTES(Continued frotn page 36)Co. of Calif., has moved from La Habra,Calif., to Vernal, Utah. His P. O. Boxis 455.John Sulzbach is project managertrainee, Heavy Construction Division,Henry J. Kaiser Co. He lives at Apt. 5,451 Wayne Ave., Oakland 6, Calif.M. Donald Wagner is production engineerfor Mobil Oil Co. de Venezuela withmailing address Apartado del Este 5393,Caracas, Venezuela.1957Guymon E. Adams is geophysicai interpreterfor Creole Petroleum Corp. Hehas moved from Pleasant Grove, Utah, toCaracas, Venezuela, where his mailingaddress is c/o Creole Petroleum Corp.Geofisica, Apartado 889.John P, Allen, department head forUnion Carbide Nuclear Corp., has movedfrom Tarentum, Pa., to Uravan, Colo.Robert T. Beckman, mining engineer inthe Division of Mineral Resources, U. S.Bureau of Mines, has moved from Julesburgto 701 S. Emerson, Denver 9, Colo.William T. Larsen has left MountainView, Calif., for 2446 Walnut GroveAve., San Jose 28, Calif.Dale L. Pinkerton was recently transferredto the Denver office of Ingersoll-Rand as mining and construction representativein the Colorado and northernNew Mexico area. For the past 2% yearsDale has been with the New York headquartersoffice of Ingersoll-Rand as salesengineer in the rock drill department. ThePinkertons, now a family of four, havetheir home at 6447 Lee St., Arvada, Colo.Z. A. Sancevic, exploitation engineer forCia Shell de Venezuela Ltd., is on leaveto take graduate work at PennsylvaniaState University, College of Mineral Industries,Planning Department, UniversityPark, Pa.Kenneth A. Wagner, petroleum engineerfor Amerada Petroleum Corp., hasmoved from Manhattan, Kans., to Charlston,N. Dak. His P. O. Box number Is 77.Charles R. Wood has been promotedfrom second lieutenant to first liieutenant.His maiHng address Is 1st Lt. Charles R.Wood 05504462, Hq. 79th Engr. Gp.(Const.), Ft. Belvoir, Va.1958Douglas P. Hildenbraodt has movedfrom Greeley, Colo,, to 1416 E. Fair OaksAve., So. Pasadena, Calif.Glen D. Cheney, office engineer for Ingersoll-RandCo., has moved from Bairoil,Wyo., to 820 Simms St., Golden, Colo.Bruce E. Russell, mine geologist forCliffside Mine, Phillips Petroleum Co.,lives at 431 N. Iron St., Grants, N. M.Peter J, Sanger has moved from Purcell,Okla., to 4225 S. Broadway, Englewood,Colo.William H. Wahl has moved from ElCerrito, Calif., and now lives at 2555Duke, Richmond, Calif.Ens. Charles J. Wideman, 2707 E.Adams St., Tucson, Ariz., graduated Nov.20 from the Navy's Officer CandidateSchool in Newport, R. I. He was one of722 officer candidates to complete the 18weeks of intensive training in the navalsciences.. 1959William D. Gay, mining engineer forUnion Carbide Nuclear Trace ElementsCorp., has moved from Maybell, Colo., to6th and Green Sts., Craig, Coio.Robert A. Lame's address is 1143 E.Garvey Blvd., West Covina, CaHf.Ensign Craig S. Martenson graduatedon Nov. 20 from the Navy's Officer CandidateSchool in Newport, R. I. His mailingaddress is 180 Oaks Rd., Framingham,Mass.Charles H. McKinnis Is a second lieutenantin the U. S. Army. His mailingaddress is 95 Brentwood, Lakewood, Colo.Gary E. Mellckian, a graduate studentat the University of California at losAngeles, has moved from Sylmar, Calif,to 212 Bonita, Apt. 8, Arcadia, Calif,Mr. and Mrs. Steven L. Milne announcethe birth of a son, Scott Alan, Nov. 29,The Miloes live at 2325 28th St., Boulder,Colo.Douglas M. Ross has moved from Golden,Colo, to 1416 E. Fair Oaks Ave., SouthPasadena, CaHf.James R, Swalsgood is on a six monthstour of duty with the U. S. Army. Hismailing address is Box 402, Rt. 3, Ft.Collins, Colo.Richard T. J. Whittington's address is1304 E. Jax, Midland, Texas. He is employedby the R. H. Ray Geophysical Co,Mr. and Mrs. George N. Brown, Jr.,are parents of a daughter, Janel Rene,born Nov. 24 at Kadlec Hospital in Richland,Wash. Mrs. Brown was the formerMiss Joyce Rapp of Golden. Mr. Brownis employed in Reactor Technology andOperations with General Electric Co, atthe Hanford Atomic Products Operationin Richland.1960B. Frank Porter, who receives his E.M.degree in January 1960, has become thefirst active member of the Alumni Associationof the Class of '60,ADDRESS CORRECTION NOTICE USE FOR CLASS NOTESTo receive your Mines Magazine regularly—keep u5 You want to read about Mines Men.advised of your correct address. They want to read about you.Name - —AddressPositionCompany44ConnectionAddress: Colorado School of Mines Alumni Assn., Golden, Colo.THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960BOOKREVIEWS(Continued from page 44)from the nearest producing area, gaveCheyenne County its first commercial oilproduction.Copies 6f "Oil and Gas Developmentsin Kansas' During 1958" {Bulletin 138)may be obtained for $1 each from theState Geological Survey, The Universityof Kansas, Lawrence, Kan.Survey of Canadian Iron OreIndustry During 1958The Department of Mines and TechnicalSurveys, Mineral Resources Division,Ottawa, Canada, offers Mineral InformationBulletin MR 31, by T. H. Janesand R. B. Elver, prioe 50 cents.This publication provides a detailedstudy of the production, trade and developmentsof the iron ore Industry inCanada during 1958. Maps showing theproperties in production, properties underdevelopment for production within thenext few years, and properties on whichexploration of iron-bearing material istaking place are included. The text issupported l)y tables and graphs dealinijwith production, consumption, and tradein iron ore.PLANTNEWS(Continued from page 42)he became president and a director ofDorr-Oliver Inc. During World WarII, Mr, Hitch served as a civiHanAfro Service CorpPhiladeipliia, Penna.236 E. Courtland StreetAlnsworlh & Sons, Inc., Wm. •*Dfiuver, Colo., 2151 Lawrence SI.Air Rentals, Ino. *-DeiiTer, Colorado, 3301WalnutAllls-Chalmers Mfg. Co655 Broadwai'Uenier. Coioiadollilwaiikee. WisconsinAmerican Manganese Steel DivisionChicago Heights, 111.Armite Laboratories *-Los Aueeles 1, Calif., 6609 ISroait St.Card Iron Works Company, C. S. 3Denver, Colo., 2501 W. I6II1 Ave.Colorailn Ceniral Power CoEnglenood, Colo,Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp. 4Aniai-iUo, 1008 I'isH BiilK,BilliiiEs. 215 Fraw Hldg,Uulle, 401 MBLMIS Bk. iUiiB.ChicaEO 1, 221 North LaSalle 8t,Denver 2, Coutiiiental Oil Bldg.Detroit 26, 1915 National Bll. Bldg,Kt Paso, 803 HasSDtt Tovi«r Bldy.Fort Wortli 2, 15D6 Coniiueniall,ite BldEiloilsIOLi11, 340 South 66tli St.Lincoln 8, 1227 Sliarp Bldg.Los AuEBles 1, 739 East BOth St.\ew York 22, 575 Madison Ave.Olilahoma City 2, 906 Cokord Bldg.Phoenix, 305 Bast Btichaiianrortlaiiil 9, 1350 N.W. RaleighPneblo. P. 0. Box 316Salt Lake City 1, 411 WalkerBk. Bldg,San rrancisto 3, 1245 Howard St,Seattle 4, 3434 Second Ave,, So..Spokane, 310 Old National Bk. BMg.Wichita 5, 811 East 10 St.Coiorado Iron Works Company *•Deiieer, Colo,, 1624 Seveuteenlli Si,Kingston, Ontario, Can,,Canadian Loco. Wlis. Co,Vancouver, B, C, Can.Vancouver Iron Wks.. Ltd..ioliamiesburg, So. Africa,Head, Wrightson & Co,Stockton on Tees, Eng.Head, Wriglitson & Co.(Jranvilie, N. S. W.Tbe Clyde Eng. Co., Ltd.Colorado National Bank *•Denver. Colo., ITth and Champa SI,THE MINES MAGAZINE •technical advisor in China for thcU. S. Government.Mr. Boling joined the company in1941 following eight years with CaliforniaSpray Chemical Corp. A graduateof the University of California,he served successively as assistant controller,controller, secretary and treasurerof the former Oliver UnitedFilters organization. When theymerged with The Dorr Compan}'^ inlate 1954, he became vice presrdqntfor finance and a director of thc newcorporation. On Jan. 1, 1959, he becamevice president for operations coordinationand on June 15 was electedexecutive vice president and chief executiveofficer.Gardner-Denver, ApexWill Merge on March 1G. V. Leece, president of Gardner-Denver, has announced that ApexMachine & Tool Co. of Dayton, Ohiowill become a wholly-owned subsidiaryof Gardner-Denver on March 1,1960.ADVERTISERApex is a leading manufacturer ofscrewdriver bits and sockets for powertools. The company also is an importantproducer of universal joints formachinery and aircraft. In Gardner-Coors Company 47GoMen, ColoradoDeister Coneentrator Co. *Fort Wayne, Ind., 911 Glasgow Ave.New York. N, 104 Pearl St..N'caqnehonlng, N.Y., 331E.CatawlssaSi.Hibbing, Minnesota, P, 0. BOJ: 777Uivmingliatn, Alabama,930 2nd Ave,, NorthDenver Equipment Company ir 6Denver 17, Colo., 1400 17lh StreetNew York City 1, N, Y.,4114 Empire State Bldg.Toronto, Ontario, 185 Bay St.Vancouver, B, C,305 Credit Foiiceir Bldg.Mexico, D, F., 14 Avenida .InarezUndon B. C. 2, 16-17 CbrlsloplierSt.. Finshnvy Square.lobannesliuig, S, Africa, 8 Village RoadDenver Fire Clay Company *Denver, Colo.Salt Lake City, Utah. P, 0, Box 836lil Paso, Tesas, 209 MiUs Bldg.Dorr-Oliver Incorporated *SI a 11! fold, Connect] entNew Yorli 6, N, Y., 99 Park Ave..Ulanta, Ga., 900 Peaehtiee St., N. E.thtcago 54, IIL, 942 MeicliBiidiseMartrievcland 8, Ohio, 14700 Detroit Are.Virginia, Minn., 304^ Chestnut Ave,Denver, Colo,, 2916 Sonth Fos St.Dallas 30, Tes., 6115 Berksliire LaneI.0S Angeles 17, Calii., 811 W, 7tli St.Oakland 1, Calif., 2900 Glascock St.Seattle 1, Wash., 3104 Smith TowerDresser Industries, inc. - -Republic National Bank Bldg.V. 0. Bos 718. Dallas, Tex,du Pont de Nemours & Co., E. I,Denver, Colo., 444 Seveuteenlli St.Wilmington, DelawareSan Francisco, Calif,, 111 Sutter St,Equipment Engineers, IncPalo Alto, Calif,Flexible Steel Laeing CompanyChicago, IIL, 4628 Leiingion St.Franco Western Oil Co, *Bakersfield, Calif., 3120-18(h St.Gardner-Denver Company *•Ouincy, IliinoisDeliver, CoioradoButte, Mont.. 215 E. Park St.El Paso, Texas, 301 San Francisco SLJANUARY, 1960S' LISTINSalt Lake City, Ulah,130 West 2nd SouthLos Angeles, Calit,, 845 E. 61st St.San FraneLseo, CallC, 811 Folsom St.Seattle. Wash., 514 First SouthGeophysical Instrumtnt & Siipply Co. 10Denver, Colo., 1616 BroadwayHardinge Co., IncYork, Pa,Heron Engineerina Co. if 6Denver, Colo., 2000 So, AcomaHumble Oil and Refining CoHonstoii, Tex,Infilco, Inc -P. 0. Box 5033Tucson, Ariz.ingersotl-Rand ir-•Birmingham, Ala., 1700 Third Ave.Butte, Mont., 845 S. Montana St.Chicago, llL, 400 W. Madison Si,Denver, Colo,, 1637 Blake SI.E! Paso, Texas, 1015 Tesas St.Kansas City Mo., 1006 Grand Are.Los Angeles, Calif., 1460 E. 4th Si.Manila, P. I., Earnshaws Docks SHonolulu Iron WorksNew York, N. Y., 11 BroadwayPittsburgh, Pa.,706 Cbamher of Commerce Bldg.Sait I-ake City, Utah,144 S. W. Temple St.San Francisco, Calif., 350 Brannan St.Seattle, Wash., 526 First Ave. So.Tulsa, Olila., 319 E. Sth St.Kendrick-Bellamy Co. -kDenver 2, Colo., 1641 California St.Kcuffel & Esser of Colorado, Inc, ,, 7Denver, Colo., 1641 California St.Kistler Stationery Company 10Denver, Colo.Lake Shore Engineering Coiron Mountain, Mich.tInk-Belt CompanyChicago, UL, 300 W. Pershing Bd.McEiroy Ranch Company 9li'l. Worth, Texas, 405 Ft, Woi-thNational Bank Bldg.Michigan Chemical CorpRare Earths DivisionSt. Louis, MichiganMidwest Steel & iron Works irDenver, Colo., 25 Larimer St.,Pueblo, Colo., 1120 Northern Ave.Denver's line of equipment for industrialproduction are power screwdriversand nutsetters that utilizeApex bits and sockets.Gardner-Denver is celebrating itsCentennial this year as a world-wideindustrial firm.Clarence Thom Will BeConsulting MetallurgistClarence Thom, director of theDenver Equipment Co.'s Ore TestmgDivision for nearly 25 years, hasassumed new responsibilities, consultingmetallurgist for Denver EquipmentCo. and their many customers.GSMifiB & Smelter Supply Co. irDenver, ColoradoBl Paso, TexasNew York, N. Y., 1775 BroadwaySalt Lake City, UtahMontreal, Canada.Canadian Vickers, Ltd.New York, New York, Tbe Ore £Chemical Corp., SO Broad St.Santiago, Chile, W. R, JudsonLima, Peru, W. B. JudsonManila, P. I., Edward J. Neii Co.Mines Magaiine 35Golden, Colo.Morse Bros. Machinery Company ir.. 46Denver, Colo,, 2900 Broadway,P. 0, Box 1708National Fuse & Powder Company ir- 9Denver, Colo.SordhETB Mfg. CoMilwaukee, Wise,Patton Engineering Co. * 11Denver. Colo,, 1796 SheridanPetro-Chemlcal Development CoN'ew York, N. Y., 122 E. 43nd St.Phillips Peiroleum CoBartiesville. Okla,Piiilpott Company, A. J.Denver, Colo,, IBIG California St.PricB Co., H. C. irRartlesrille, OklahomaProfessional Directory 8-9PuhliB Service Company of Coio. irDenver, Colo., Gas & Electric Bldg,Beeii Engineering Co - 10ri20-N So, Inglewood Ave.Inglewood 1, Calif.Schlumberger Weil Surveying CorpI! ous I on, TesasSilver Steel Co. 11Denver, Colo., 6600 Highway 85Spang & CompanyButler, PennsylvaniaStearns-Roger Mfg. Company ir 2Denver, Colo,, 660 Bannock St. _Stoneiiouse Signs, Inc.Denver, Colo., 9th at LarimerUnion Carbide Corp -30 East 42nd St., New York 17, N, Y.Toronto, CanadaVulcan Iron Works Co. -A-Denver, Colo., 1423 Stout SLWalvoord, 0. W., Inc 6Denver, Colo,, 300 Detroit St.Wilfley & Sons, A. B. * Outside Back CovtrDenver, Colo., Denham Bldg.New York City, 132 E, 42nd St.45

showing the sources of the fjeologic dataincluded in the map.Dr, J. D. Forrester, director of the ArizonaBureau of Mines, said the Cochisemap is "designed to serve many usefulpurposes, not only for the mineral expert,but for the public as a whole."The Cochise geologic map, as well asthe other five maps already issued, maybe s^ecured from the office of the Director,Arizona Bureau of Mines, The Universityof Arizona, Tucson, at ,75 cents acopy.Helium Extraction in CanadaA gap in the historical record of theearly research on helium gas in Canadais filled by John Satterly, professor ofphysics, University of Toronto, Toronto,Canada, who narrates from memory andfrom notes his recollections of the originand progress of the 1915-1920 helium projectsponsored in Canada by the BritishAdmiralty in an effort to obtain heliumfor use in iighter-than-air ships.Details are given of the staff concerned;of the first experim^ental extractionplant at Calgary, where, from early1918 to April 1920, about 60,000 cu. ft.of helium of 60 to 90 per cent purity wasrecovered from Canadian natural gasfrom the Bow Island (Aiberta) field.Mines Branch Information CirculariC 105 was published by the Dept. ofMines and Technical Surveys, Ottawa,Canada; price 25 cents.Petroieum Industry in KansasThe Kansas petroleum industry canremember 1958 as a year of some pleasantsurprises in oil and gas developments andexploratory activity, despite a productiondecline that brought value of raw petroleumproducts from 458 million dollarsin the peak year of 1957, to +32 milliondollars in 1958."Oil and Gas Developments in KansasDuring 1958" by E. D. Goebel, P. L. Hilpman,and D. L. B'eene, by the State GeologicalSurvey at The University of Kansas,records and evaluates the year'sactivities.A highlight of the year's developments,according to the report, was the discoveryof tbe Llanos oil field, Sherman County,which opened northwest Kansas to intensiveexploration. Before the end of theyear, other oil fields were opened in tbearea-—for example, the Sappa Creek field,Rawlins County, and the Rueb field, Chey-•enne Coimty. The Rueb field, 30 miles(Continued on Page 45)CLASS NOTES(Continued from page 36)Co. of Calif., has moved from La Habra,Calif., to Vernal, Utah. His P. O. Boxis +55.John Sulzbach is project managertraine'e, Heavy Construction Division,Henry J, Kaiser Co. He lives at Apt. 5,+5i Wayne Ave,, Oakland 6, Calif.M, Donald Wagner is production engineerfor Mobil Oil Co. de Venezuela withmailing address Apartado del Este 5393,Caracas, Venezuela.1957Guymon E. Adams is geophysical interpreterfor Creole Petroleum Corp, Hehas moved from Pleasant Grove, Utah, toCaracas, Venezuela, where his mailingaddress is c/o Creole Petroleum Corp.Geofisica, Apartado 889.John P, Allen, department head forUnion Carbide Nuclear Corp., has movedfrom Tarentum, Pa., to Uravan, Coio.Robert T. Beckman, mining engineer inthe Division of Mineral Resources, U. S,Bureau of Mines, has moved from Julesburgto 701 S. Emerson, Denver 9, Colo,William T. Larsen has left MountainView, Calif., for 2446 Walnut GroveAve., San Jose 28, Caiif.Dale L. Pinkerton was recently transferredto the Denver office of Ingersoll-Rand as mining and construction representativein the Coiorado and northernNew Mexico area. For tbe past 2% yearsDale has been with the New York headquartersoffice of Ingersoll-Rand as salesengineer in the rock drill departm'ent. ThePinkertons, now a family of four, havetheir home at 64+7 Lee St., Arvada, Colo.Z. A, Sancevic, exploitation engineer forCia Shell de Venezuela Ltd,, is on leaveto take graduate work at PennsylvaniaState University, College of Mineral Industries,Planning Department, UniversityPark. Pa.Kenneth A, Wagner, petroleum engineerfor Amerada Petroleum Corp., hasmoved from Manhattan, Kans., to Charlston,N. Dak. flis P. O. Box number is 77.Charles R. Wood has been promotedfrom second lieutenant to first lieutenant.His mailing address is 1st Lt. Charles R.Wood 05504462, Hq. 79th Engr. Gp.(Const.), Ft. Belvoir, Va,1958Douglas P. Hildenbrandt has movedfrom Greeley, Colo., to 1+16 E, Fair OaksAve., So. Pasadena, Calif.Glen D. Cheney, office engineer for Ingersoll-RandCo., has moved from Bairoii,Wyo., to 820 Simms St., Golden, Colo.Bruce E. Russell, mine geologist forCliffside Mine, Phillips Petroleum Co.,lives at 431 N. Iron St., Grants, N. M.Peter J. Sanger has moved from Purcell,Okla., to +225 S. Broadway, Englewood,Colo.William H. Wahl has moved from ElCerrito, Calif., and now lives at 2555Duke, Richmond, Calif.Ens. Charles J. Wideman, 2707 E.Adams St., Tucson, Ariz., graduated Nov.20 from the Navy's Officer CandidateSchool in Newport, R. 1. He was one of722 officer candidates to complete the 18weeks of intensive training in the navalsciences., 1959William D. Gay, mining engineer forUnion Carbide Nuclear Trace ElementsCorp., has moved from Maybell, Colo., to6th and Green Sts., Craig, Colo.Robert A. Lame's address is 1143 E.Garvey Blvd., West Covina, CaHf.Ensign Craig S. Martenson graduatedon Nov. 20 from the Navy's Officer CandidateSchool in Newport, R. I. His mailingaddress is 180 Oaks Rd., Framingham,Mass.Charles H. McKinnis is a second lieutenantin tbe U. S. Army. His mailingaddress is 95 Brentwood, Lakewood, Colo.Gary E. Melickian, a graduate studentat the University of California at losAngeles, has moved from Syimar, Calif,to 212 Bonita, Apt. 8, Arcadia, Calif.Mr. and Mrs. Steven L. Miine announcethe birth of a son, Scott Alan, Nov. 29,The Miioes live at 2325 28th St., Boulder,Colo.Douglas M. Ross has moved from Golden,Coio. to 1416 E. Fair Oaks Ave., SouthPasadena, Calif.James R. Swaisgood is on a six monthslour of duty with the U, S. Army. Hismailing address is Box 402, Rt. 3, Ft.Collins, Colo.Richard T. J. Whittington's address is1304 E. Jax, Midland, Texas. He is employedby the R. H. Ray Geophysical Co.Mr, and Mrs. George N. Brown, Jr.,are parents of a daughter, Janel Rene,born Nov. 24 at Kadlec Hospital in Richland,Wash. Mrs. Brown was the formerMiss Joyce Rapp of Golden. Mr. Brownis employed in Reactor Technology andOperations with Gen'eral Electric Co. atthe Hanford Atomic Products Operationin Richland.1960B. Frank Porter, who receives his E.M.degree in January 1960, has become thefirst active member of the Alumni Associationof tbe Class of '60.ADDRESS CORRECTION NOTICE USE FOR CLASS NOTESTo receive your Mines Magazine regularly—keep usYou want to read about Mines Men.advised of your correct address. They want to read about you.Name — •Address . ,Position — ^ —Company Connection44Address: Colorado School of Mines Alumni Assn., Golden, Colo.THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960BOOKREVIEWS(Continued from page 44)from the nearest producing area, gaveCheyenne County its first commercial oilproduction.Copies 6f "Oil and Gas Developmentsin Kansas During 1958" (Bulletin 138)may be obtained for $1 each from theState Geological Survey, The Universityof Kansas, Lawrence. Kan.Survey of Canadian iron OreIndustry During 1958The Department of Mines and TechnicalSurveys, Mineral Resources Division,Ottawa, Canada, ofi'ers Mineral InformationBulletin MR 31, by T. H. Janesand R. B. Elver, price 50 cents.This publication provides a detailedstudy of the production, trade and developmentsof the iron ore industry inCanada during 1958. Maps showing theproperties in production, properties underdevelopment for production within thenext few years, and properties on whichexploration of iron-bearing material istaking place are included. The text^ issupported by tables and graphs dealingwith production, consumption, and tradein iron ore.PLANTNEWS(Continued from page 42)he became president and a director ofDorr-Oliver Inc. During World WarII, Mr. Hitch served as a civilianAero Service CerpPhiladelphia, Penna,236 B. Courllanii StreetAiniworih & Sons, Ine., Wm. * .. .. ..Denver, Colo., 3151 Lawrence SI,Air RsnlaU, Inc. *- -DeiiTer, Colorado, 3301WalnutAllis-Clialmers Mfg. CofiS5 BroadwayDenver, Coloradollihvauliee, WiaeonsiiiAmeritati Manflanese Steel Dliiision .-Chicago HeiEhts, 111.Armite Laboratories - -Los AngeleH 1, Calif., 0609 Broad SI.Card Iron Woriis Conipany, C. S. 3Denver, Colo,, 2501 W. IHth Ave.Colorado Cemral Power CoBnBiettood, Colo.Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp. * 4.\niaiillo, 1008 Bisli Bldg.BillinEa, 215 I'Talt Bldg.Uiille, 401 .MOLald Bk. Bltlg,Chicago 1, 231 Noilh LaSalle SI.Denver 2, Continenlal Oil Bltig.Deiroit 2H. 1915 National Bli. BUIK,!':i Paso, 803 B.issBit 'i'ower Bldg.Port Worth 2, 15UG CoillineiilalLife Bldg.Houston 11, 340 South 66II1 St.Lincoln S, 1227 Sliavp Bldg,Los Angeles 1, 739 East BOth SI.Xew York 22, 575 Madison Ave,Oklahoma City 2. 906 Colcord Illdg,Phoenix, 305 Bast BnchananPortland 9, 1350 N.W, BaleigliI'liehlo, P, 0. Bos 316Salt Lake City ), 411 WalkerBk, Bldg.San Franeiseo 3, 1245 Howard St,Seattle 4, 3434 Second Ave., So.Spoliane, 910 Old National BU. Bldg.Wichita 5, 811 East 10 St.Colorado Iron Works Conipany •*Deiner, Colo., 1624 Seventeelllh St.Kingslon, Ontario, Can.,Canadian Loco, Wlis. Co.Vancouver, B, C, Can.Vanconver lion Wlis., Lid.Johannesbui^, So. Africa,Head, Wrightson & Co.Stockton on Tees, Eng.Head, Wrightson & Co.Oransille, N. S, W.The Clyde Sng, Co., Ltd.Colorailo Halional Bank +- -Denver, Colo., 17th and Champa Si.technical advisor in Cliina for theU. S. Government.Mr. Boling joined the company in1941 following eight years with CaliforniaSpray Chemical Corp. A graduateof the University of Cahfornia,he served successively as assistant controller,controller, secretary and treasurerof the former Oliver UnitedFilters organization. When theymerged with The Dorr Company inlate 1954, he became vice presidentfor finance and a director of the newcorporation. On Jan. 1, 1959, he becamevice president for operations coordinationand on June 15 was electedexecutive vice president and chief executiveofficer.Gardner-Denver, ApexWill Merge on March 1G. V. Leece, president of Gardner-Denver, has announced that ApexMachine & Tool Co. of Dayton, Ohiowill become a wholly-owned subsidiaryof Gardner-Denver on March 1,1960.Apex is a leading manufacturer ofscrewdriver bits and sockets for powertools. The company also is an importantproducer of universal joints formachinery and aircraft. In Gardner-ADVERTISERCoors Company * 47Golden, ColoradoDeister Concentrator Co.Fort Wayne, Ind., 911 Glasgow Ave,New York, N. Y„ 104 Pearl St,Nesmiehonine, N.Y'.. 231E. Catawissa St.Hibbing, Minnesota, P. 0. Bos 777Birminghani, Alabama,930 2nd Ave., NorthDenver Equipment Company ic 6Denver 17, Colo., 1400 17th StreetNew York City 1, N. V.,4114 Empire State Bldg,Toi'onto, Ontario, 135 Bay SI.Vanconver, B. C,305 Credit Foncelr Bldg.MBVICO, D. F., 14 Aveulda Jnaie/Londou E. C. 2, 15-17 ChristopherSt., FiiiEljiiry Square,lohannesbnrg, S. Africa, 8 Village RoadDenver Fire Clay Company icDenver, Coio.Salt Lake Cily, Utah, V. 0. Box 836El Paso, Texas, 203 Mills Bldg.Dorr-Oliver Incorporated irRIaniford, ConneeticntNeiv York 6, N. Y., 99 Park Ave.Aliania, Ga., 900 Peaehtiee St., N. B.Chicago 54, llL, 042 Mei'chandiseMartCleveland 8, Ohio, 14700 Detroit Ave.Virginia, Minn., 204% Chestnut Ave.Denver, Colo., 3916 Boiilh Fox St,llallas 30, Tes., 6)15 Berkshire LaneLos Angeles 17. Calif,. 811 W. 7th St.Oakland 1, Calif,, 2900 Glascock St.Seattle 1, Wash,, 3104 Smith TonerDresser IndMslries, IncBcpnbiic National Bank Bldg.V. 0, Box 718, Dallas, Tex.du Pont de Nemours fi Co., E. 1. •*Denver, Colo,, 444 Seventeenlb SI.Wilmington, DelawareSan Francisco, Calit., Ill Sailer St.Equipment Engineers, IncPalo Alto, Calif.Flexible Sleel Laeins CompanyChicago, 111,, 4638 Lexington St.THE MINES MAGAZINE • JANUARY, 1960Franco Western Oil Co. *Bakersfield, Calif., 3120-18th St.Gardner-Denner Company irQnincy, lUUioisDenver, Coloradollutte, Mont,. 215 E, Park St.El Paso, Texas, 301 San Francisco St.S' LISTINSalt Lake City, Utah,130 West 2nd Boiil.hLos Angeles, Calit., 845 E, Gist. St.San Francisco, Calit., 811 Folsom St.Seattle. Wash.. 514 First SouthGeophysicai Instrument & Supply Co. 10Denver, Colo., 1616 BroadwayHardinge Co., IncYork, Pa.Heron Engineu-ing Co. ic *Denver, Colo., 2000 80, AeomaHumble Oil and Refining CoHouston, Tex.tnfileo, Inc.P. II. Box 5033'i'ueson. Am.Ingersotl-Rand *BiiTningliam. Ala., 1700 Third Are.Butte, Wont., 846 S. Montana Si,Chicago, 111., 400 W. Madison Si.Decver, Colo., 1637 Blake St.El Paso, Texas, 1015 Tesas Si.Kansas City ISo., 1006 Grand Ave,Los Angeles, Calif., 1460 B, 4th Si,Manila, P. I., Earnshaws Docks SHonolnlu lion WorksNew York, N, Y., 11 BroadwayPittsburgh, Pa,,706 Chamber of Commerce Bldg.SaU Lake City, Utah,144 S. W. Temple St.San Francisco, Calif,, 350 Brannan SI.Seattle, Wash., 526 Fii'st Ave, So.Tiilsa, Okla,, 319 B. 5th SI,Kendrick-Bellamy Co. *Denver 2, Colo., 1641 California SI.Keuffei & Esser of Colorado, Inc. .. 7Denver, Colo., 1641 CaDfornia SI,Kistler Stationery Company 10Denver, Colo,Lake Shore Engineering Co - -Iran Mountain, Mich,Link-Belt CompanyChieago, !1L, 300 W- Pershing Rd.McEiroy Banch Conipany 9Ft. Worth, Texas, 405 Ft. WorthNational Bank Bldg.Michigan Cliemical CorpRare Earths DivisionSt, Louis, JlichiganMidwest Steel & Iron Works *Denver, Colo., 25 Larimer St.,Pnehlo, Colo., 1120 Northern Ave.Denver's line of equipment for industrialproduction are power screwdriversand nutsetters that utilizeApex bits and sockets.Gardner-Denver is celebrating itsCentennial this year as a world-wideindustrial firm.Clarence Thom Will BeConsulting MetallurgistClarence Thom, director of thcDenver Equipment Co.'s Ore TestingDivision for nearly 25 years, hasassumed new responsibilities, consultingmetallurgist for Denver EquipmentCo. and their many customers.GSMine fi Smeller Supply Co. irDenver, ColoradoEt Paso, TexasNew York, N. Y,, 1775 BroadwaySalt Lake City, DtahJiontrcal. Canada,Canadian Vickers, Ltd,New York, New York, The Ore &Chemical Corp., 80 Broad SI.Santiago, ChHe, W. R. JudsonLima, Peru, W. R. JudsonManila. P. I., Edward J. Neil Co.Mines Magaiine 55Golden, Colo,Morse Bros. Machinery Conipany 46Denver, Colo., 2900 Broadway,P, 0. Box 1708National Fuse fi Powder Company 9Denver, Colo.Nordberg Mfg. CoJlilwaukee, Wise.Patten Engineering Co. ir 11Denver, Colo., 1795 SheridanPetro-Chemical Development CoNew York, N, Y., 122 E. 42nd St,Phiilips Petroleum ColiarllesvUle, Okla.Piiilpott Company, A. 1. +Denver, Colo., 1816 California St.Price Co., H. C, *BartlBSville, OklahomaProfessional Directory S-9Publifl Service Conipany of Colo.Denver. Colo., Gas & Electric Bldg.Reed Engineering Co 1"fi20-N So. Inglewood Ave,Inglewood 1, Calif.Schlumberger Well Surveying CorpHouston, TexasSilver Sleei Co -- HDenver, Colo.. 6600 Highway 85Spang i CompanyButler, PennsylvaniaStearns-Roger Mfg. Company •* 2Denver, Colo., 660 Bannock St.Stonehouse Signs, IncDenver, Colo., 9th at LarimerUnion Carbide Corp „30 East 42nd St., New York 17, ^. 1,Toronto, CanadaVulcan iron Works Co. *Denver, Colo., 1423 Stout St,Walvoord, 0. W,, Inc - ^Denver, Colo., 300 Detroit St.Wllfley&Sons, A. R. *• Outside Back CovtrDenver, Colo,, Denham Bldg,New York City, 123 14, 42nri St.45

JobEVERY INSTALLATIONEngineeredFOR MAXIMUMPUMPING ECONOMYIndividual engineering on every application isstandai'd practice with Wilfley. This personal attentionto your specific requirements, plus Wilfley'sday-in, day-out dependabilty, guarantee low costpumping. Put a Wilfley Sand Pump to work . . .it will give you continuous, maintenance-free service,higher output, longer pump life, and quick,easy replacement of parts.Wilfley Sand Pumps may be fitted with interchangeableelectric furnace alloy iron, special applicationalloys, or rubber-covered wearparts.Write, wire or phone for complete details.Companions in Economical Operation"AcidA. R. WILFLEY and SONS, INCDENVER, COLORADO, U.S.A. - P.O. BOX 2330NEW YORK OFFICE; 122 EAST A 2ND STREET, NEW YORK CITY 17