Force and Newton's Laws

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BALL00N RACESReal-World QuestionThe motion of a rocket lifting off a launch pad isdetermined by Newton’s laws of motion. Hereyou will make a balloon rocket that is poweredby escaping air. How do Newton’s laws ofmotion explain the motion of balloon rockets?Goals■ Measure the speed of a balloon rocket.■ Describe how Newton’s laws explain arocket’s motion.Materialsballoonsdrinking strawsstringtapeSafety Precautionsmeterstickstopwatch*clock*Alternate materialsProcedure1. Make a rocket path by threading a stringthrough a drinking straw. Run the stringacross the classroom and fasten at both ends.2. Blow up a balloon and hold it tightly at theend to prevent air from escaping. Tape theballoon to the straw on the string.3. Release the balloon so it moves along thestring. Measure the distance the balloontravels and the time it takes.4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 with different balloons.Conclude and Apply1. Compare and contrast the distancestraveled. Which rocket went the greatestdistance?2. Calculate the average speed for eachrocket. Compare and contrast them. Whichrocket has the greatest average speed?3. Infer which aspects of these rockets madethem travel far or fast.4. Draw a diagram showing all the forces actingon a balloon rocket.5. Use Newton’s laws of motion to explain themotion of a balloon rocket from launch untilit comes to a stop.Discuss with classmates which balloonrocket traveled the farthest. Why? For morehelp, refer to the Science Skill Handbook.LAB 329Richard Hutchings
Design Your OwnMODELING M)TION IN TWO DIRECTI)NSGoals■ Move the skid acrossthe ground using twoforces.■ Measure how fast theskid can be moved.■ Determine howsmoothly the directioncan be changed.Possible Materialsmasking tapestopwatch* watch or clock with asecond handmeterstick*metric tape measurespring scales marked innewtons (2)plastic lidgolf ball*tennis ball*Alternate materialsSafety PrecautionsReal-World QuestionWhen you move a computer mouse across a mouse pad, how does therolling ball tell the computer cursor to move in the direction that youpush the mouse? Inside the housing for the mouse’s ball are two ormore rollers that the ball rubs against as you move the mouse. Theymeasure up-and-down and back-and-forth motions. The motion ofthe cursor on the screen is based on the movement of the up-anddownrollers and the back-and-forth rollers. Can any object be movedalong a path by a series of motions in only two directions?Form a HypothesisHow can you combine forces to move in a straight line, along a diagonal,or around corners? Place a golf ball on something that will slide,such as a plastic lid. The plastic lid is called a skid. Lay out a course tofollow on the floor. Write a plan for moving your golf ball along thepath without having the golf ball roll away.Test Your HypothesisMake a Plan1. Lay out a course that involves two directions, such as alwaysmoving forward or left.2. Attach two spring scales to the skid.One always will pull straight forward.One always will pull to one side. Youcannot turn the skid. If one scale ispulling toward the door of your classroom,it always must pull in that direction. (Itcan pull with zero force if needed, but itcan’t push.)3. How will you handle movements alongdiagonals and turns?4. How will you measure speed?330 CHAPTER 11 Force and Newton’s LawsMark Burnett
Page 1 and 2: Force andNewton’s Lawssections1 N
Page 3 and 4: Newton’s First Law■ Distinguish
Page 5 and 6: Figure 3 When two objects incontact
Page 7 and 8: Observing FrictionProcedure1. Lay a
Page 9 and 10: Newton’s Second Law■ Explain Ne
Page 11 and 12: Direction of motionFigure 8 The gir
Page 13 and 14: Figure 10 When the ball isthrown, i
Page 15 and 16: Figure 12 The wrench is spinningas
Page 17 and 18: Figure 14 In this collision, thefir
Page 19 and 20: Figure 17 The force of theground on
Page 21: Figure 20 These oranges seemto be f
Page 25 and 26: SCIENCE ANDSocietySCIENCEISSUESTHAT
Page 27 and 28: Use the illustration below to answe
Page 29 and 30: Record your answers on the answer s

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