Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...

13in this country. This raises the question whether we really have thecapabilities of adopting successfully this type of approach.But the Japanese have their problems as well. I bring this in incidentallybecause it doesn't bear on your major thrust but it is a drugabuse problem which must be dealt with.Last year, Japan had 40,000 arrests for glue sniffing, with 200 deaths.That is one kind of substance which is almost impossible to control.To do so, we would have to control all sales from paint stores and purveyorsof more than 50 related solvents. Lacquer thinner is used extensivelyin Japan by teenagers 16, 18 years old. So Japan is not withouther problems, but they have done a remarkably good job in controllingamphetamines and heroin addiction. I was told by the Ministry that itliacl been reduced to a level where they though it was probably impossibleto reduce it further. I think this is important—to recognize thatcontrol will never be absolute.Chairman Pepper. Mr. Perito, any questions ?Mr. Perito, Dr. See vers, I had the opportunity to look at your laborator3^The committee has not had that unique opportunity.I wonder if you could kindly explain to the committee exactly whatis being done in your primate laboratory and how that laboratory isfinanced ?Dr. Seevers. This laboratory has been in operation for 20 years. AsI indicated—we have tested during this time some 800 drugs. This testingprocedure started about 1953. We set it up originally on an entirelyobjective basis and it has always remained so. Dr. Nathan Eddy, whois here in the room, has been a long time collaborator on the project. Hereceived these drugs on a confidential basis from industry. This facilityhas been available to those who wish to submit for testing. Dr. Eddysent them to our laboratory by code number so that we do not knowthe identity of the supplier.Once the tests have been made the information is channeled backto Dr. Eddy and he informs the manufacturer.Until about 5 years ago, our testing procedure involved primarilydrugs which would substitute for morphine or for heroin. In otherwords, we were looking for a drug which was superior to morphinein the sense it reduced respiratory depression, less side effects, less tolerancedevelopment, and less what we call, in general terms, addictionliability, the capacity to produce physical dependence.We tested many compounds for 15 years and didn't find any thatwould fulfill most of these qualifications. Wlien it was discovered thatsome of the antagonists, which I understand you are going to considerlater, also possessed pain-relieving properties, somewhat like morphine,and yet did not produce physical dependence or lead to addiction,then a new concept was born. Since that time we have tested ahundred or more antagonists. We have done this with the objective offinding a substance which would still be useful as a pain reliever butdid not have a capacity to produce physical dependence. I understandthat is a class of drug that you intend to explore.We maintain a colony of around a hundred monkeys. They receivean injection of morphine every 6 hours, day and night, right aroundthe clock, 7 days a week. When we want to test a new drug we simplysubstitute for the morphine which they ordinarily receive. If this drug