Tamil - Law & Society Trust

%fj;Jf;Fk; .gii rkaj;Jf;Fkhd epiyak; (CSR)rl;lj;jpw;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fkhd mwepiyak; (LST)2013 Njrpa tuTnryTj; jpl;lk;: Xu; kf;fs; tuTnryTj; jpl;lkh?mlf;FKiwapyhdJk; kw;Wk; xg;Gutpy;yhjJkhd nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffSf;F vjpuhf ,yq;ifapYs;s kf;fs; ,af;fq;fspd;KO mstpyhdJk; kw;Wk; vz;zpf;ifapYkhd Nghuhl;lq;fSf;fhf 2012 Mk; Mz;L kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhf mikfpwJ.nfhs;if kw;Wk; tuTnryTj; jpl;l xJf;fPLfspy; rPu;jpUj;jq;fisf; Nfhup tptrhak;> kPd;gpb> fy;tp> Rfhjhuk;> Nghf;Ftuj;J MfpaJiwfs; KOtjpYkhf Nghuhl;lk; epfo;e;jJ. ,j;jifa Nghuhl;lq;fs; kf;fspd; r%f nghUshjhug; gpur;rpidfspy; ftdk;nrYj;Jtjpy; gaDWjpaw;w Njrpa tuTnryTj; jpl;lk; kw;Wk; r%f ePjpia mspf;fhj mgptpUj;jpf; nfhs;iffs; vd;gtw;wpdhy;Vw;gl;l xU Neubahd tpisTfshf ,Ue;jJ. Mjyhy;> ehL KOtjpYkhf nfhjpj;Jg; NghAs;s nghJthd gpur;rpidfs; Fwpj;JgaDWjpahd tifapy; ftdk; nrYj;Jk; murhq;fj;jpd; gw;WWjpapd; Xu; Fwpf;fhl;bahf 2013 tuTnryTj; jpl;lk; ngupJk;vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;lJ.tuTnryTj; jpl;lk; 2013tuptpjpg;G: ,wq;FKfkh my;yJ VWKfkh?2013Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd nkhj;j tuTnryTj; jpl;lk; 19.5 gpy;ypad;mnkupf;f nlhyu;fs; my;yJ 2>500 gpy;ypad; &gha;fshFk;.vdNt> vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l murhq;fj;jpd; nryT 2012 ,d; 2>200gpy;ypad; &gha;fspypUe;J 13.5% My; mjpfupj;Js;sJ. ,e;jmjpfupj;j nryT vq;Nf Nghfpd;wJ vd;gNj ,q;NfAs;sNfs;tpahFk;? mJ tpuakhf;fg;gLk; tplaq;fSf;F khdpakhfmy;yJ Mjuthfpd;wjh my;yJ tWik xopg;G> tho;thjhumgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; r%f eyd;fSf;F cgNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wjh?Njrpa tuTnryTj; jpl;lk; kf;fspd; Kd;Dupikfisg;gpujpgypf;fpd;wjh?mgptpUj;jp tiyaikg;Gf;fhd nrayhu;tk; nfhz;l FbAupik (ACDN)ghJfhg;Gk; efu mgptpUj;jpAk;:Fwpg;G tpsf;fg; gj;jpuk; ,y. 04 brk;gu; 2012kPz;LnkhU Kiw ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; efu mgptpUj;jpf;fhd tuTnrythdJ> fle;j tUlj;jpid tpl Rkhu; 60 kpy;ypad; &gha;fs;mjpfupg;Gld; kpfg; ngupa 289.5 gpy;ypad; &gha;fs; xJf;fPl;NlhLVida midj;J xJf;fPLfisAk; tpl kpQ;rpaJ. efumgptpUj;jp kPjhd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gpuhe;jpa Vw;wj;jho;TfSf;Fk;kw;Wk; r%f eyd; jpl;lq;fs; ngupJk; ftdk;nrYj;jg;glhjpUg;gjw;Fk; toptFj;jJ.Njrpa kPd;gpb xUikg;ghl;L ,af;fk; (NAFSO)Cth r%f mgptpUj;jp ikak; (UCDC)njhlu;G: xUq;fpizg;ghsu;> ACDN nrayfk;> Nk/gh r%fj;Jf;Fk; rkaj;Jf;Fkhd epiyak;> 281> Bd;]; tPjp> nfhOk;G 10> ,yq;if.njhiyNgrp: +94 777 370 098 (ifalf;fj; njhiyNgrp)xt;nthU tUlKk; ,wf;Fkjp tupia mjpfupf;Fk;murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;if ,wq;FKfkhdnjdtpku;rfu;fshy; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. mJ xNu rPuhfg;gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gjpdhy; Fiwe;j tUkhdk;nfhz;l jdpg;gl;ltu;fis fLikahfg; ghjpf;fpd;wJ. mJ>cau; tUkhdk; ghYw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; vupnghUl;fs; Nghd;w gpujhdkhdmj;jpahtrpag; nghUl;fs; kPjhd kiwKf tupfspyhdmjpfupg;G twpatu;fs; kPJ Neubahd RikiaVw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,wf;Fkjpg; gpujpaPLfs; %ykhdjd;dpiwit Cf;Ftpg;gJ ,jw;fhf njuptpf;fg;gl;lFwpf;NfhshFk;. Nghjpastpy; ,y;yhj epjp> njhopy;El;gtsq;fs; kw;Wk; cjtpf; fl;likg;Gfs; vd;gd ,e;jcghaj;ij ajhu;j;jk; mw;witahf Mf;Ffpd;wd.jw;Nghija #o;epiyapy;> tho;f;ifr; nryT jhq;fpf;nfhs;shj mstpw;F mjpfupj;Js;s Ntisapy;>nry;te;ju;fSf;Fk; twpatu;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd,ilntsp NkYk; mjpfupf;fpd;wJ.tWiknahopg;Gk; kw;Wk; r%feyd;fSk;:xg;gPl;lstpy;> tWiknahopg;Gj; jpl;lk; 1.5 gpy;ypad;&gha;fisAk; / Njrpa ey;ypzf;f Kd;ndLg;G 1.2 gpy;ypad;&gha;fisAk; / Njrpa fy;tp> cau;fy;tp kw;Wk; Rfhjhumikr;Rfs; vd;gd $l;lhf 159.3 gpy;ypad; &gha;fisAk;ngWfpd;wd. vt;thwhapDk;> jFjp tha;e;j Mrpupau;fspd; Xu;gw;whf;Fiwahy; njhlu;e;Jk; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;w khfhzq;fspy;Mrpupau;fs; gapw;rpf;fhf 900 kpy;ypad; &gha;fs;xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gy;fiyf; fof fy;tpahsu;fs; kw;Wk;Vidatu;fshy; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapd; 6%xJf;fPl;Lf;fhd Nfhupf;iff;F gjpyhf fy;tpf;fhd nkhj;jxJf;fPL> nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapd; 4.1% Mf ,Ue;jJ.mur fld;fs; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp:mur fld;fs; nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapd; Rkhu; 75% MFk;.,Ue;jNghjpYk;> 2013 Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd nkhj;j cr;rf; fld;ngWjiy 1.3 jpupy;ypad; &gha;fSf;F> Ke;jpa tUlj;ij tpl12.6% My; mjpfupg;gjw;F murhq;fk; cj;Njrpf;fpd;wJ. ngwg;gLk;fld;fs; gpujhdkhf mtw;iw kPsr;nrYj;Jjy;> r%fq;fspd;,lk;ngau;jy;> tho;thjhuq;fspd; ,og;Gfs; Nghd;w fLikahdnghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%fr; nryTfs; nfhz;l mgptpUj;jpr;nray;jpl;lq;fSf;F epjpaspg;gjw;fhditahFk;. ,yq;ifapd;me;epar; nrythzp xJf;fq;fs; ngUkstpw;F ntspehl;Lf;fld;fisf; nfhz;Ls;s Ntisapy;> mjd; nghUshjhuk;gpujhdkhf Gyk;ngau; ngz; gzpahsu;fspd; gzmDg;Gjy;fshy; xU epiyapy; Ngzg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.njupTnra;ag;gl;l JiwfSf;fhd tUkhdtupapyhdtpyf;fspg;Gfs; cau; tUkhdk; nfhz;ltu;fSf;Nfed;ikahdjhfTk;> nghJkf;fSf;F ve;jtpj ed;ikiaAk;mspf;fhjjhfTk; cs;sJ. kiwKf tupfspyhdnjhlu;r;rpahd mjpfupg;Gfs; murhq;f tUkhdj;ijmjpfupg;gjw;F khw;Wf; nfhs;iffs; ,y;yhjijNagpujpgypf;fpd;wJ.tup nrYj;jhjpUg;gij jLg;gjw;Nfh my;yJjz;bg;gjw;fhd gaDWjpaw;w nghwpKiwfspd; fhuzkhfehL> mjw;F cupj;jhd xU mjpfupj;j tPjj;jpyhdtUkhdj;ij njhlu;r;rpahf ,oe;J tUfpd;wJ.,Ue;jNghjpYk;> rl;lk;> nfhs;if kw;Wk;eilKiwfspYs;s Xl;ilfs; njhlu;e;Jk; ftdk;nrYj;jg;glhkNy cs;sd.tup tUkhdk; 2012 ,d; Kjy; 9 khjq;fspd; NghJKe;jpa tUlj;ij tpl 629.5 gpy;ypad; &gha;fSf;F 6.55%My; tsu;r;rpaile;j Ntisapy;> tupaw;w tUkhdk;kw;Wk; ed;nfhil vd;gd 96.2 kpy;ypad; &gha;fiskl;LNk vl;baJ. kWGwj;Nj tuTnryTj; jpl;lg;gw;whf;Fiw mNj fhyg; gFjpf;fhd nkhj;j cs;ehl;Lcw;gj;jpapd; 6.44% ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> mJ tUlk;KOtjw;Fkhd ,yf;fhd 6.2% I kpQ;Rfpd;wJ.tupfsw;w tUkhdj;jpy; xU nghUj;jkhd mjpfupg;gpd;wpmjpfupf;Fk; murhq;fr; nryT kw;Wk; fld;fspd; kPsr;nrYj;Jjy; vd;gd tuTnryTj; jpl;lg; gw;whf;Fiwiarkhspg;gjw;fhd gpujhd jPu;thf tup mjpfupg;Gf;Nf,lkspf;fpd;wJ.2013Mk; Mz;Lf;fhd tuTnryTj; jpl;lk; epiyahd mgptpUj;jpia Cf;Ftpf;fpd;w khw;W kpd;Dw;gj;jpf;F ftdk;nrYj;Jtjpdhy; me;eltbf;if KOikahf Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.gf;fk; | 1

ghul;lg;gl Ntz;ba Vida Kd;ndLg;Gfs;> tul;rpf;nfjpuhd ,aw;iff; fhg;gPLfshfTk; nraw;gLfpd;wjw;NghJs;s> Guhjd Fsq;fs; kw;Wk; ePu; fhy;tha;fisAk; GJg;gpj;jy; cl;gl> ehl;bYs;s ePu;g;ghrd KiwikiamgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd jpl;lq;fis cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. jpwd;fs; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gj;jpy; jd;dpiwT miltjw;F mjpfupj;j xJf;fPLfs; %ykhf Muha;r;rpfisCf;Ftpj;jy;> jdpahu; Jiw kw;Wk; gy;fiyf; fofq;fSf;F ,ilapy; Muha;r;rpg; gq;Flikfs;> ,isQu;jpwd;fspyhd KjyPL vd;gitAk; $l mgptpUj;jpailAk; xU ehl;Lf;F fhyj;jpw;F jFe;j KjyPLfshFk;. Mdhy;mstplf;$ba khw;wq;fs; kw;Wk; Nghf;FfisAk; Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F xJf;fPLfs; ajhu;j;jkw;wNjhL NghJkhdJky;y.Njrpa tuTnryTj; jpl;lKk; mgptpUj;jp tiyaikg;Gf;fhd nrayhu;tk; nfhz;l FbAupikAk; (m.t.nr.F -ACDN)r%fj;Jf;Fk; rkaj;Jf;Fkhd epiyak;> rl;lj;jpw;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fkhd mwepiyak;> Njrpa kPd;gpb xUikg;ghl;L ,af;fk;kw;Wk; Cth r%f mgptpUj;jp ikak; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpajhf 9 khtl;lq;fspy; gpui[fs; FOf;fSld; nrayhw;Wk;mgptpUj;jp tiyaikg;Gf;fhd nrayhu;tk; nfhz;l FbAupik tiyaikg;ghdJ tptrhak;> kPd;gpb> fy;tp kw;Wk;ngUe;Njhl;lj; Jiwfs; kPJ 2013 Njrpa tuTnryTj; jpl;lj;jpw;fhf gpNuuizfisr; rku;g;gpj;jJ. (ghu;f;fTk; -http://www.lawandsocietytrust.org/PDF/resource/Pre-budget%20Advocacy%20Document_English.pdf)gpNuuizfs;: Njhl;lg;Gw FbapUg;ghsu;fSf;F cgNahfpf;fg;glhj ngUe;Njhl;lf; fhzpfspd; xJf;fPL> rpW kPdpd tiffisf;fsQ;rpag;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; Bry; kw;Wk; kz;nzz;nza; vd;gtw;wpd; khdpaq;fSf;F mjpfupj;j xJf;fPLfs;> Nrjd cuq;fisCf;Ftpj;jy; kw;Wk; tptrhapfs; Xa;T+jpaj; jpl;lnkhd;wpDlhf tptrhapfSf;fhd r%fg; ghJfhg;G> mjpfupj;jstpy;,uz;lhk; epiyf;fy;tpapd; fpilf;fg;ngWe;jd;ik kw;Wk; fpuhkpa kw;Wk; Njhl;lg;Gwg; ghlrhiyfSf;fhd %ytsq;fs;vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ.tPl;Ltrjp my;yJ fhzpf;fhd rl;lG+u;t nrhj;Jupikapy;yhj kiyehl;L ngUe;Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fis ,yf;fhff; nfhz;Ltwpa ,isQu;fspy; ,Ue;J gadhspfs; kPsj; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl Ntz;bajhf ,Ue;j NghjpYk;> cgNahfpf;fg;glhjngUe;Njhl;l fhzp;fspd; 25>000 Vf;fu;fis gfpu;e;jspg;gjw;F 2013 tuTnryTj; jpl;lk; cWjpaspf;fpd;wik Cf;Ftpg;gspg;gjhfcs;sJ. rpW kPdpd tiffspd; cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; tpepNahfk; cl;gl> cs;ehl;L kPd;gpbj; njhopy; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;Mdhy; xJf;fPLfs; ,d;dKk; Fwpg;gplg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ. fy;tpr; nryT cs;ehl;L nkhj;j cw;gj;jpapd; 4.1% f;Fmjpfupj;Js;sJ> MdhYk; nfhs;iffs; fpuhkg;Gw kw;Wk; Njhl;lg;Gw ghlrhiyfis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd Xu;mtrpaj;jpd; czu;tw;witahf cs;sd.Nrjdg; gris cw;gj;jpahsu;fs; kw;Wk; tpepNahf];ju;fs; midj;J Neub kw;Wk; kiwKf tupfspypUe;Jk;tpyf;fspf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lnkd;gNjhL NkYk; KjyPLfis Cf;ftpg;gjw;F rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju cw;gj;jpahsu;fSf;F xUcj;juthj tpiy mspf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. tptrhapfs; Xa;T+jpaj; jpl;lk; ,d;dKk; kPs;epiyg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ Mdhy;fl;lhag; gapu;f; fhg;GWjpj; jpl;lk;> khdpakspf;fg;gl;l ,urhad cuj;jpd; 50 fpNyh xd;Wf;F tptrhapfs; &.150 Ig;gq;fspg;gNjhL (toikapy; 50 fpNyh %il &.350/- vd tpiyaplg;gLfpwJ) cw;gj;jpr; nryit fzprkhf mjpfupf;fr;nra;Ankd;gjhy; mNefkhdtu;fshy; tuNtw;fg;glhj xd;whf ,Uf;fyhk;. Kaw;rpfs; kpfTk; gytPdkhditahfTk;> kw;Wk;xJf;fPLfs; Nghjpastpy; ,y;yhkypUe;j NghjpYk;> ,e;j ce;Jjy; Mjutspf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.jptpneFk rl;l%yk; kw;Wk; Njrpa tuTnryTj; jpl;l xJf;fPLfSk;.ru;r;irf;Fupa jptpneFk rl;l%yk; epiwNtw;wg;gLkhapd;> mJ jw;NghJs;s tWiknahopg;G epWtdq;fs; kPJ mjpfhur; nrwpTkw;Wk; Njrpa tuTnryTj; jpl;l xJf;fPLfspy; fzprkhd jhf;fq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. jptpneFk rl;l %yk; rKu;j;jpmjpfhurig> njw;F mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurig kw;Wk; clul;l mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurig vd;gtw;iw xd;wpizg;gjd; %yk; jptpneFkmgptpUj;jp jpizf;fsj;ij ];jhgpg;gjw;F cj;Njrpf;fpd;wJ. tWiknahopg;G jpl;lq;fs; midj;ijAk; xU jpizf;fsj;jpd; fPo;nfhz;L tUtJ Xu; $Ljyhd rPuikg;ghf mika KbAnkd thjplg;gLk; mNjNtis> jptpneFktpd; ];jhgpjk; gpd;tUgitnjhlu;ghditahFk;: Njrpa rig epu;thf tyaq;fs; r%f mbg;gilapyhdJk; kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpa ];jhgdq;fs; khtl;l rigfs;>Njrpa rk;Nksdk; re;Njfj;Jf;Fupajhf fUjg;gLk; jpizf;fsj;jpw;F Nkyjpfkhf r%f mbg;gil tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; tq;fpr;r%fq;fs;.,j;jifanjhU rpf;fyhd fl;likg;G mjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tuTnryTj; jpl;l xJf;fPl;ilj; Njitg;gLj;Jk;. NkYk;>,r;rl;l%yk; khfhzrigfspd; mjpfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; nraw;ghLfs; kPJ mj;JkPWfpwJ – khfhzrigfs; ,g;NghJ NghJkhdtsq;fspd;ikahy; ghjpg;giltJ kl;Lkd;wp NkYk; mjpfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; mjdhy; Fwpf;Nfhs; vd;gtw;wpd; ,og;GfspdhYk;ghjpg;gilAk;. tWiknahopg;Gf;fhd xU Neu;ikahd jpl;lk; khtl;l> khfhz kw;Wk; fpuhk kl;lq;fspy; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;lepWtdq;fspd; cjtpfSld; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fyhk;. khwhf> khfhzrigfs; ,q;F Fwpg;gplg;glf; $l ,y;iy.nghWg;ghfTs;s mikr;rupd; gue;jnthU MizNahL Njitaw;w gue;j> rpf;fyhd fl;likg;G kw;Wk; mjDs;shd ,ufrpa$Wfs; vd;gd twpa kw;Wk; xLf;fg;gl;ltu;fspd; nrytpy; mjpfupj;j murhq;fr; nryTfs;> Coy; kw;Wk; gykhd murpay;jiyaPLfs; vd;gtw;Wf;F kpfTNk nghUj;jkhd epiyikfshf mikfpd;wd. nkhj;jj;jpy;> 2013 tuTnryTj; jpl;lkhdJ kf;fspd;r%f nghUshjhu gpur;rpidfspd; gaDWjpahd xopg;GfSf;fhd Gjpa Kd;ndLg;Gfs; mw;wjhf cs;sNtisapy;> kf;fspd; fld;kw;Wk; tup Mfpa ,uz;bidAk; mjpfupf;Fk; Rikfs; Kd;ida tuTnryTj; jpl;lq;fspy; Kaw;rpj;Jf; fisj;j eltbf;ifapd;xU kPs;nra;Kiwg;gLj;jyhfNt Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. kf;fs; kPJ Nkyjpf nghUshjhur; nryTfis ,lhky; jptpneFk rl;l%yj;jpy;gpNuupf;fg;gl;lJ Nghd;w gzpj;Jiwf; fl;likg;GfSf;F epjpaspf;f ,aYkhf ,Ug;gnjd;gJ epr;rakhf ,ayhjnjhd;whFk;.gf;fk; | 2

gq;Nfw;gjw;fhd kf;fspd; cupikNjrpa tuTnryTj; jpl;lj;ij cUthf;Fk; nrad;Kiwfs; kPjhd jfty;fSf;Fk; kw;Wk; mjpy; gq;Fgw;Wtjw;Fkhdcupikia xt;nthU gpui[Ak; nfhz;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. xU Njrpa tuTnryTj; jpl;lkhdJ kf;fspd; Njitfisgpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lnkd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F ghuhSkd;wj;jpYs;s kf;fspd; gpujpepjpfs; flg;ghLnfhz;Ls;sdu;. ,yq;if Xu; mjpfhug; gutyhf;f nfhs;ifia filg;gpbf;fpd;wJ> Mdhy; eilKiwapy;> ehl;bd;,iwnewpg; gutyhf;fk; mtrukhd Xu; kPs; gFg;gha;itj; Njitg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. Xu; gutyhf;fg;gl;l nghUshjhuj;jpd;gpujhd Fwpf;Nfhs; cs;@u; kl;l ,ilaPLfs; %ykhf cs;@u;j; NjitfSf;F $Ljy; gaDWjpahd Kiwapy;ftdk; nrYj;JtjhFk;. vt;thwhapDk;> jw;NghJs;s tuTnryTj; jpl;l xJf;fPl;Lr; nrad;Kiwfs; kj;jpamurhq;fj;jpypUe;J khfhz kw;Wk; cs;@uhl;rp murhq;fq;fSf;F Xu; gaDWjpaw;w Kiwapy; xOfpr;nry;Yk;Kiwapidf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. NkYk;> Xu; ntspg;gilahd jd;ik kw;Wk; jfty;fSf;fhd cupik kw;Wk; ,tw;wpd;gadhf nrad;Kiw njhlu;ghd tpopg;Gzu;tpd;ik vd;gd ehl;bd; Njrpa tuTnryTj; jpl;lj;ij cUthf;Fk;nrad;KiwapypUe;J kf;fis Xu; me;epag;gLj;jYf;F ,l;Lr; nrd;Ws;sJ. gjpYf;F> Njrpa tuTnryTj; jpl;lq;fs;mjpfupj;jstpw;F kf;fspd; Njitfisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg; gLj;Jtjpy;iy/ r%f eyd;fs; gpd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wdvd;gNjhL etPd jhuhskakhf;fy; twpa kf;fspd; Njitfs; kw;Wk; Kd;DupikfSf;FNkyhf Kd;dpiy vLf;fpd;wd.National Budget Allocations 201212%Xu; xg;gPl;Lg; gFg;gha;T4%4%10%,e;jf; fl;Liu cs;@u; gpur;rpidfs;> ,iwnewpg; gfpu;Tf; fl;likg;G kw;Wk;ehl;bypYs;s eilKiwfs;> tuTnryTj; jpl;lr; nrad;Kiwfs; kw;Wk; gq;Nfw;GtuTnryTj; jpl;l cUthf;fypy; cyfj;jpYs;s rpwe;j eilKiwfs; vd;gtw;iwgFg;gha;fpwJ. nfhs;if kw;Wk; eilKiw vd;git kPjhd mwpT tpepNahfj;jpD}lhf>gue;jnthU mbg;gilapy;> murpd; tuTnryTj; jpl;lq;fspy; kf;fspd; gq;Fgw;WjiytYg;gLj;Jtjw;F ,e;j Mtzk; Fwpf;Nfhs; nfhs;fpwJ.cs;@u;g; gpur;rpidfs; / cs;@u;j; jPu;Tfs;HealthEducationDefenceInfrastructure“tplaj;Jf;fhd murhq;fmikr;ru;Ntiytha;g;GfSf;fhf,isQu;fis njupT nra;fpd;wNghJ> xLf;fg;gl;l Fiwe;jrhjpiar; Nru;e;j ,isQu;fs;epuhfupf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.tpNrlkhf tidAk; njhopiytho;thjhukhff;nfhz;Ls;stu;fs;/ midj;Jrhj;jpa khd topfspYk;ghugl;rg;gLj;jg; gLfpd;wdu;.cau;mjpfhuj;jpy;cs;stu;fshy; mtu;fsJFuy;fs; Nfl;fg;glf; $bajhf,Uf;Fk; vd;gjpdhy; ,e;jXuq;fl;lg;gl;l kf;fisvq;fsJ epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpy; khu;r;22> 2012 md;W murtuTnryTj; jpl;lq;fspy;gq;Fgw;Wjy; kPJ> Nffhiykhtl;lj;jpy;Njrpagq;Fjhuu;fspd;fye;jhNyhridf; $l;lj;jpy;>gpui[fs; FOg; gpujpepjp.)njhif kjpg;gPl;L Gs;sptpguj; jpizf;fsj;jpd; gb> 2009/2010 ,y;> ,yq;ifapYs;s8.9% Md my;yJ 1.8 kpy;ypad; kf;fs; twpatu;fshff; fUjg;gl;ldu;. ,J> cj;jpNahfG+u;t tWikf; Nfhl;bd; fPo;tho;fpd;w kf;fs; njhifapd; tPjhrhuj;ij cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. 2009/10 ,w;fhd ,yq;ifapd; tWikf; NfhLkhjnkhd;Wf;F> egnuhUtUf;F cz;ikahd nkhj;jr; nrythf 3>028 &gha;fshf ,Ue;jJ. Nk 2012> ,w;fhdcj;jpNahfG+u;t tWikf; NfhL 3>472 &gha;fshFk;. vt;thwhapDk;> gJis> nkhduhfiy kw;Wk; kl;lf;fsg;G Nghd;wkhtl;lq;fspy;> 2009/10 ,w;fhd twpatu;fspd; vz;zpf;if Njrpa ruhrupia tpl KiwNa 13.3%> 14.5% kw;Wk;20.3% Mf ,Ue;jJ. ,e;jg; Gs;sptpguq;fs; $l> mit rk;ge;jg;gLkhw; Nghy> &.3>472 f;fhd mbg;gilajhu;j;jj;ij Rl;bf;fhl;Ltjw;F jtwpajhy;> mbg;gil trjpfis kjpg;gpLtjw;F ,j;njhif Kw;wpYk;NghJkhdjy;y. jw;NghJ kpfTk; ru;r;irf;Fupa r%f eyd; Jiwahd fy;tp> ntFrdq;fspd; tho;thjhukhdtptrhak; kw;Wk; jdpj;Jtkhd gpur;rpidfisf; nfhz;l ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiwr; r%fq;fs; Mfpad fPNo RUf;fkhfgFg;ghag;gLfpd;wd.gf;fk; | 3

fy;tp2010 ,y; ,yq;if 340 Njrpa ghlrhiyfisAk;kw;Wk; 9>345 khfhzg; ghlrhiyfisAk;nfhz;bUe;jJ. 1 midj;J Njrpa ghlrhiyfSk; (Nky;kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhzq;fspYs;s ,uz;L ghlrhiyfs;jtpu)> ,uz;lhk; epiyf; fy;tpia mspf;fpd;wd>mNjNtis 305 ghlrhiyfs; tpQ;Qhdk;> tu;j;jfk;kw;Wk; fiyg; gpupTfspy; fy;tpia toq;Ffpd;wd.kWjiyahf> 4>094 khfhzg; ghlrhiyfs; juk; 11tiu tFg;Gfisf; nfhz;Ls;sNjhL 2>868ghlrhiyfs; kl;LNk Muk;gf; fy;tpia mspf;fpd;wd.khfhzg; ghlrhiyfspy; 25% Mdit kl;LNk cau;jutFg;GfSf;fhd fy;tpia mspf;fpd;wd. fy;tpKiwikapDs; ghupa ,ilntspfs; ,Ug;gjw;F ,JxU njspthd Rl;bf;fhl;LjyhFk;. NkYk;> Kd;du;Nghupdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l> fpuhkq;fspYs;sJk; mNjNghd;W ngUe;Njhl;l Njhl;lg;Gwq;fspYs;s mNefkhdghlrhiyfs; tFg;giwfs;> kyry$lq;fs;> ePu;tpepNahfk;> cgfuzq;fs; kw;Wk; Mrpupau;fisNghjpastpy; nfhz;buhjitahf cs;sd.tptrhak;,yq;ifapd; njhopw;gilapd; 33% f;Fk; mjpfkhdRkhu; 8 kpy;ypad; mstpyhNdhu;fs; ghuk;gupa my;yJVw;Wkjp kw;Wk; fhy;eil tptrhaj; njhopy;fspy; kj;jpa tq;fpapd;$w;Wg;gb> cs;ehl;L nkhj;j cw;gj;jpapy; tptrhaj;Jiwapd; gq;F 2010 ,d; 11.9% ,ypUe;J 2011 ,y;11.2% Mff; Fiwe;Js;sJ.,e;jf; FiwT jw;nrayhdjy;y> Mdhy;: tptrhacs;sPLfspd; mjpfupj;j nryT> fhyhtjpahd tptrhaKiwikfspd; fhuzkhd Fiwe;j mWtil>cw;gj;jpfSf;F xU epahakhd tpiyiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjpyhd ,ayhik – cj;juthj tpiy mNefk;re;ij tpiyia tplf; FiwthdjhFk;> %ytsq;fs;,d;ik fhuzkhf ru;tNjrr; re;ijfSld;Nghl;bapLtjw;F ,ayhik> epyq;fSf;fhdcupj;Jilik ,y;yhik> ghJfhg;G kw;Wk;nghUshjhu tyaq;fSf;fhf mur fhzpfspd; kPl;G%ykhd ,lk;ngau;jy;> fpuhkg; gpuNjrq;fSf;fhdFiwe;j cl;fl;likg;G kw;Wk; Nritfspd;tpepNahfq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; xU tpisthfgFg;ghag;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.Gjpa Afk;/ Gjpa njhopy;El;gk;: gz;izapd; msTf;Fk;cw;gj;jpf;Fk; ,ilapyhd cwT vjpu;kiwahdnjhd;whfcs;sJ. fhzpfspd; kuGuPjpahd gpupj;jy; Xu; cau;e;jtPjj;jpyhd rpW tptrhapfspd; vz;zpf;iff;FtoptFj;Js;sJ. re;ijr; rf;jpfs; kw;Wk; fhyepiykhw;wq;fs; Mfpa ,uz;bd; jhf;fq;fSf;Fk; mtu;fs; $Ljy;,lughak; nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ,e;jg; gpur;rpidf;F ftdk;nrYj;Jtjw;fhd top> $Ljy; mWtilfis mspf;fpd;wJk;kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oy; uPjpahf ePbj;jJkhd Nrjd tptrhaj;ijCf;Ftpf;Fk; Gjpa njhopy; El;gkhFk;. Fiwe;J nry;Yk; epymsT kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpapy;> mur khdpaq;fs; kPJjq;fpapUg;gijf; Fiwg;gjw;fhd cghak; ,JthFk;.$Ljyhd Nrjdg; gris cw;gj;jp> Nrjd tptrhapfSf;fhdcjtp> cs;@u; nraw;wpd;fs; kw;Wk; re;ijj; njhlu;Gfs;vd;gtw;iw tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd $l;bizg;Gvd;gtw;Wf;fhf nfhs;if cUthf;fk; kw;Wk; tuTnryTj;jpl;l xJf;fPL %ykhf ,e;j khw;wj;ij muR Mjupj;jy;Ntz;Lk;. .1tuTnryTj; jpl;lf; fzpg;gPLfs; (ghuhSkd;wj;jhy;mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ)> 2012> njhFjp II> ,yq;if> fy;tp mikr;R>mbg;gilj; jfty;> g.184,ytrf; fy;tp:ngUk; tpiyapyhd xU Kj;J“kj;jpa ghlrhiyfs; vDk; ,e;j “Nghyp Kj;ij”toq;Ftjw;fhf ehd; fz;ldk; nra;ag;gl;Nld;. ,J ngUk;tpiyapyhd xU Kj;J vd ehd; nrhy;fpNwd;. cq;fsplk;cs;s vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpw;W KOr; r%fj;Jf;Fkhded;ikf;fhf ,jid thq;Fq;fs;.” – rp.lgps;A.lgps;A.fd;dq;fuh (,yq;ifapd; KjyhtJ fy;tp mikr;rUk;,ytrf; fy;tpapd; je;ijAk;)xU rkak; r%f eyd; Gul;rpfspy; ftdj;jpw;Fupa tplakhf,Ue;j kj;jpa ghlrhiy Kiwik ,g;nghOJmehtrpakhdjhf Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Gjpa fy;tpf; fyhr;rhuk;ghlrhiyfs; ftdk; nrYj;jhJ tpLk; ,ilntspiaepug;Gtjw;F jdpahu; fw;gpj;jy; kPJ ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ.fy;tp kPjhd murhq;fj;jpd; nrytpLjy; 2005,d; nkhj;j Njrpacw;gj;jpapd; 2.9% ,ypUe;J 2011,y; 1.9% f;F tPo;e;Js;smNjNtisapy; gy;fiyf; fofq;fspYs;s khztu;fspd;nkhj;j vz;zpf;if kl;Lk; 2005 ,d; 63>355 ,ypUe;J 2010,y; 73>398f;F mjpfupj;Js;sJ. fy;tpf;fhf murhq;fq;fs;Njrpa nkhj;j cw;gj;jpapd; 6% I xJf;fPL nra;tjw;FAnd];Nfh mikg;G gupe;Jiuf;fpd;wJ. vt;thwhapDk;> 2013tuTnryTj; jpl;lk; xJf;fPl;il cs;ehl;L nkhj;jcw;gj;jpapd; 4.1% f;F mjpfupj;Js;sJ.gy;fiyf; fof Mrpupau;fs; rq;f rk;Nksdk; (FUTA) [{iy2012 ,y; Xu; fz;ld kw;Wk; tpopg;Gzu;Tg; gpur;rhuj;ijMuk;gpj;jJ> ,jd;NghJ Rkhu; 5>000 fy;tpahsu;fs; gzpepWj;jk; nra;jdu;. murhq;fk; fy;tpf;fhd xJf;fPl;ilgbg;gbahf nkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jpapd; 6% f;Fmjpfupj;jy; Ntz;Lnkd mtu;fs; Nfhupdu;. ,J murfy;tpiag; gJfhg;gjw;F Xu; gj;J ,yl;rk; ifnahg;gq;fisj;jpul;Ltjw;fhd xU gpur;rhuj;ijAk; cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ.jrhg;jq;fSf;fhd kpfg; ngupa r%fg; Nghuhl;lq;fspy; xd;whf,J ,Ue;jJ. ,jw;F murhq;fj;jpd; gjpypWg;ghf mike;jJmidj;Jg; gy;fiyf; fofq;fisAk; %baikahFk;.%d;W khjq;fspd; gpd;du;> gy;fiyf; fofq;fs; kPsj;jpwf;fg;gl;L fy;tpahsu;fs; gzpf;F jpUk;gpa gpd;dUk; $l>epiyikfs; jPu;f;fg;glhJ cs;sJld; Xu; gpwo;r;rp murpay;Kiwikapy; jtpu;f;f Kbahj epfo;Tfspd; Xu; jpUg;gkhfNgr;Rthuj;ijfs; midj;Jr;; rf;jp tha;e;j nghUshjhumgptpUj;jp mikr;ru; kw;Wk; jpiwNrupr; nrayhsu;MfpNahu;fSld; elhj;jg;gl;lJ.Nghjpa epjpaspf;fhik mjd; gpd;tpisTfis NghjpasTvz;zpf;ifapy;yhj ghlrhiyfs; ,uz;lhk; epiyf; fy;tpiamspf;fpd;wik> gy;fiyf; fof mDkjp 2011 ,y; jFjpahdkhztu;fspd; Xu; 15.5% Mf kl;LNk ,Ug;gJ Nghd;wmstplf;$ba Kiwfspy; kl;Lkd;wp fy;tpapd; juj;jpYk; $lf;fhz;gpf;fpd;wJ. Nghjpastpy; epjpaspf;fg;glhj ghlrhiyfs;>gw;wf;Fiwahd eyd; Vw;ghLfs;> fhyhtjpahd ghlj; jpl;lq;fs;kw;Wk; trjpfs;> kw;Wk; kjpg;Gf; Fiwe;j Nritfs; vd;gdMf;fG+u;tkhd r%f khw;wj;jpw;fhd Kftu;fis toikahfcUthf;f khl;lhJ. mit epWtdq;fis mwptpd;ikaq;fshf epr;rakhf cUthf;fhJ.,yq;ifapd; rpwe;j mwpQu;fs;> murpay;thjpfs;> murhq;fNrtfu;fs; gyUk; gpd;dilthd gpd;dzpapypUe;Nj te;jtu;fs;vd;gNjhL ,ytrf; fy;tpapd; cw;gj;jpfshfNt ,Ue;jdu;.r%f NtWghLfisf; fistjw;F ,aYkhd xU fUtpNa,ytrf; fy;tpahFk;.vt;thwhapDk;> mur tuTnrytpd; VNjDk; mjpfupj;jxJf;fPL> mur cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;> ngw;Nwhu;fs; kw;Wk;khztu;fs; cs;slq;fpa RahjPdkhd fz;fhzpg;G kw;Wk;kjpg;gPl;Lg; nghwpKiwfSld; ,ize;jjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.gzpj;Jiwahl;rp Kiw kw;Wk; Coy; fhuzkhd tpidj;jpwdpd;ikfs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;L ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLjy;Ntz;Lk;.fw;wy;> fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; ehfupfkiljy; vd;gtw;Wf;fhdikaq;fshf ghlrhiyfs; kw;Wk; gy;fiyf; fofq;fiskPs;epiyg;gLj;Jk; ,yf;Fld; fy;tpahsu;fs; kw;Wk; epu;thfpfs;Mfpa ,Ujug;GfshYk; toq;fg;gLk; Nritfspd; juq;fSf;Fk;,jidnahj;j xU fz;fhzpj;jy; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.gf;fk; | 4

Poverty Head Count Ratio (%)mtu;fis gl;bdpapypl;L ghy;fwj;jy;…Nk 2012 ,y;> Etnuypah khtl;lj;jpYs;s gy fhy;eiltptrhapfs; Fiwe;j tpiy kw;Wk; epWtdq;fs;/ghtidahsu;fsplkpUe;jhd Nfs;tpapd;ik vd;gtw;Wf;Fvjpuhd jq;fsJ Mu;g;ghl;lj;jpy; gy;yhapuf; fzf;fhd yPl;lu;ghiy `l;ld; efu tPjpfspy; nfhl;bdu;. ghy; kh,wf;Fkjpiaf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf murhq;fk; gRk; ghycw;gj;jpia Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wJ> MdhYk; cau; nryT kw;Wk;FWfpa fhyhtjpahFk; fhyk; fhuzkhf ghtidahsu;fs;jaf;fk; fhz;gpf;fpd;wdu;. 2011 ,y; cs;sthW> ghy; kh,wf;Fkjp kPJ murhq;fk; 25>000 &gha;fisr; nrytpLfpd;wmNj Ntis fhy;eil mikr;Rf;F 2> 688> 381 &gha;fNsxJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. tUlhe;jk; 350 kpy;ypad; yPl;lu;fs; ghy;cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;w NghjpYk; 100 kpy;ypad; yPl;lu;fs;kl;LNk re;ijia vl;Lfpd;wd. gRk; ghiy Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhdxU Kaw;rp Coyhy; njhlu;e;Jk; gPbf;fg;gl;Ls;sNjhL re;ijMa;T> fz;fhzpg;G nghwpKiw kw;Wk; xOq;FgLj;Jk;fl;Lg;ghLfs; vd;gtw;NwhL ,ize;jjhf ,y;yhky; cs;sJ.jq;fsJ eyd;fisg; ghJfhj;jy;> ghYw;gj;jpg;nghUl;fSf;fhd njupTfs; Nghd;w Jiwapy;gy;tifg;gLj;jYf;fhd Cf;Ftpj;jy;> tpiyf; fl;Lg;ghl;LnghwpKiwfis mKy;gLj;jy; Nghd;w tpjq;fspy; tptrhapfs;re;ijfSld; ,izf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk; – Xu; ePz;lfhy re;ijg;gLj;jy; cghakpd;wpa cw;gj;jp Cf;Ftpj;jy;ntWkNd toq;fy;fs; Nfs;tpia tpl kpQ;Rk; epiyikf;Nf,l;Lr; nrd;wJld; fhy;eil tptrhapfNs murhq;fj;jpd;FWfpa fz;Nzhl;lj;jpd; tpisTfSf;F Mshfpd;wdu;.ngUe; Njhl;lj;Jiw151050Poverty Head Count Ratio (%) bySector 2009/105.39.411.4Urban Rural EstateYear 2009-20102009/10 Mz;LfSf;fhf ngUe; Njhl;lj;Jiwapy; jyhtWik vz;zpf;iff;fhd tpfpjhrhuk; 11.4% Mf,Ue;jik midj;J %d;W gpupTfspYNk (efu;g;Gwk;:5.3%> fpuhkg;Gwk;: 9.4%) mJNt kpfTk; tWikahdJvd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. NkYk;> tWikgw;whf;Fiw Gs;sptpguj;jpdgb> Njhl;lj;JiwahdJruhrupahf> khjj;Jf;fhd jyh tWikahd &.3>028tWikf; Nfhl;Lf;F fPNo &.569 Fiwthf ,Ug;gijf;fhz;gpf;fpwJ. vt;thwhapDk; kj;jpa tq;fpapd; Gs;sptpguq;fspd;gb> 2010f;;fhf &.162>000 kpy;ypad;fSf;Fk;mjpfkhd Vw;Wkjpg; ngWkjpNahL cs;ehl;L nkhj;jcw;gj;jpf;F Njapiyapdhy; Nru;f;fg;gl;l ngWkjp 1.3%MFk;. ,e;j tUkhdj;jpd; vd;d rjtPjk;Njhl;lj;Jiw njhopw;gil kPJ nrytspf;fg;gl;lJvd;gjw;F gfpuq;fj; juTfs; ,y;iy vd;gjhffhzg;gLfpd;wJ.2010,y;> 184>247 rpWtu;fs; Njhl;lg; ghlrhiyfSf;Fnrd;wdu; (rpq;fs nkhopg; ghlrhiyfs; cl;gl>nkhj;jk; 789 ghlrhiyfs;)> Vidatu;fs;> NtWghlrhiyfSf;F. gpujhdkhf rpq;fs nkhop murghlrhiyfspy; ,ize;J nfhs;tjw;fhd fl;lhaNjitf;F cl;gl;lhu;fs;. 2 Njhl;lq;fspy; 97ghlrhiyfs; kl;LNk cs;sJld; mit Nkhrkhdepiyapy; Ngzg;gLfpd;wd. khztu;fs; nghJthfNghf;Ftuj;J cl;gl trjpfspd;ikiahy;ghjpf;fg;gLtJld; 5 tUlq;fisg; G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;FKd; ghlrhiyapypUe;J ,ilepw;Nghu; njhif kpfcau;thf 2010 ,y; 8.4% Mf ,Uf;f fhzg;gl;lJ.934>313 kf;fisf; nfhz;l xU rdj;njhiff;F 50Njhl;l itj;jparhiyfis khj;jpuNk nfhz;L RfhjhuNritfSk; mNj rktstpy; gw;whf;Fiwcilaitahf cs;sJ. 3 tuyhw;WuPjpahf>ngUe;Njhl;lq;fSf;F Rfhjhu kUj;Jt cj;jpNahfj;ju;tp[aq;fis Nkw;nfhs;tJ ,y;iy vd;gJitj;jparhiyfSf;fhd Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpapd;ikfhuzkhf me;j kf;fis ,ul;bg;G ,luhghaq;fspy;,Lfpd;wJ. Njhl;lg;Gwf; FLk;gq;fs; rl;luPjpahdnrhj;Jupikapd;wp iyd; miw ,l trjpfspNyNatrpf;fpd;wdu;. 1 my;yJ Fiwe;j miwfisf;nfhz;l tPl;Ltrjp myFfspd; tpfpjhrhuk; Njrpastpy;25.2% MfTk; Njhl;lg;Gwq;fspy; 54.2% MfTk; cs;sJ.jz;zPu; kw;Wk; kyry $l toptiffSf;fhd Rfhjhutrjpfs; 46.2% MfTk; 88.2% MfTk; cs;s Ntisapy;Njrpa epakk; 84.8% MfTk; 96.4% cs;sJ.,j;jifa epiyikfs; NghJkhd ,ltrjpf;fhdFbkf;fspd; cupikfis kPWtjhf mikfpd;wJ.fy;tp kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd Nghjpatoptiffspd;ik kw;Wk; fLikahd Ntiyepge;jidfs; ngz;fSf;F tpNrlkhf mtu;fsJmbg;gil cupikfis ,y;yhky; nra;tNjhL Xu;tWik tl;lj;ijAk; cUthf;Ffpd;wJ> ,jidmtu;fs; Njrpa kw;Wk; ru;tNjr kl;lq;fspyhdnjhopyhsu; Gyk;ngau;jypd; %ykhf cilg;gjw;FKaw;rpf;fpd;wdu;.gy;fiyf; fof mDkjpapyhd FsWgbfSk; vupnghUs; tpiycau;TfSk; 1>759 Kiwg;ghLfis kdpj cupikfs;Mizf;FOTk; 382 khztu;fsplkpUe;J 4 kDf;fis cau;ePjpkd;wKk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L Muk;gj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;l Gs;spfiscau; ePjpkd;wk; ,uj;Jr; nra;jNjhL jtwhd ,rl;-Gs;sp;fs;%ykhd FsWgbfs; (gy;fiyf fof mDkjpiaj;jPu;khdpg;gjw;F cgNahfpf;fg;gLtJ) ,d;dKk; jPu;f;fg;glhJcs;sJ. tpdhj;jhs;fs; Kd;$l;bNa ntspahfpajhf juk; 5f;fhd Gyikg; guprpy; guPl;ir njhlu;ghfTk; Fw;wr;rhl;Lfs;cs;sJ.ePu;nfhOk;gpy; nghyprhupd; fhtypy; ,Ue;j kPdtnuhUtupd;,wg;igj; njhlu;e;J> ehL KOtjpYkhf gyehl;fSf;FNghuhl;lhq;fs; ele;jd. 2012 ngg;utup ,y; tPl;Lg;ghtidf;fhdvupnghUl;fspd; tpiy 50% ,dhy; mjpfupj;jikf;F vjpuhfkf;fspdhy; elhj;jg;gl;l Mu;g;ghl;lq;fSf;fhd murhq;fj;jpd;gjpy; ,Jthf ,Ue;jJ. Brypy; jq;fpAs;s ngupa glFfs; (36%tpiy mjpfupg;Gf;F rk;ge;jg;gl;lit) kw;Wk;kz;nzz;nza;apy; jq;fpAs;s rpwpa glFfs; (49% mjpfupg;G)cs;s rpyhgj;jpYk; $l> kPdt r%fq;fs; flYf;F NghtijepWj;jpdu;. Nghjpastpy; ,y;yhj khdpaNk ,jw;Fg; gjpyhff;fpilj;jJ.cUthFk; ,e;jg; gpur;rpidfSf;F murhq;fj;jpd; jPu;Tfs; jhd;vq;Nf?22010. kPjhd ,yq;if> fy;tpj; jfty;> fy;tp mikr;R g12>http://www.moe.gov.lk/web/images/stories/statistic/sri_lanka_education_information_2010.pdf3,yq;ifapy; nghUshjhu> r%f kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu cupikfspd;epiyik> 2010> ghu;f;fTk;> rl;lj;jpw;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fkhdmwepiyak;> nfhOk;G> ngUe;Njhl;l r%fj;jpd; r%fmgptpUj;jpf;fhd eltbf;ifapd; Njrpaj; jpl;lk; 2006 – 2015> g 48.gf;fk; | 5

gadhspapypUe;J gq;Fgw;Wgtuhf“epu;thfj;ijg; gutyhf;Ftjd; %yKk; kw;Wk;Njrpa tho;f;if kw;Wk; murhq;fk; vd;gtw;wpd;xt;nthU kl;lj;jpYk; gq;Fgw;Wtjw;F kf;fSf;Fmidj;Jr rhj;jpakhd tha;g;GfisAk;mspg;gjd; %yKk; murhq;fj;jpd; [dehaffl;likg;G kw;Wk; kf;fspd; [dehafcupikfis muR gyg;gLj;jpAk; kw;Wk;gue;JglTk; nra;Ak;” cWg;Giu 27 (4)>mj;jpahak; VI> mur nfhs;if kw;Wk;mbg;gilf; flikfspd; gzpg;Giuf; Nfhl;ghLfs;>1978 Mk; Mz;bd; ,yq;if [dehaf Nrhryprf;Fbaurpd; murpayikg;G.r%ff; nfhs;iff;fhd mNefkhd mZFKiwfs;Fbkf;fis muR tpepNahfpf;Fk; Nritfisg;ngWgtu;fshf tifg;gLj;JfpwJ. vt;thwhapDk;>1960fspypUe;J> jPu;khdk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk;nrad;Kiwfspy; gq;Fgw;Wdu;fshf Fbkf;fs;,Ug;gjw;F cyfk; KOtJkhf xU Nfs;tp tsu;e;JtUfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifapy; tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;Ff;Fmjpfhug; gutyhf;f Nfhupf;iff;fhd xU murpay; jPu;T1978Mk; Mz;L murpayikg;Gf;fhd 13MtJjpUj;jj;jpD}lhf (1987) toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,j;jpUj;jk;>“murpayikg;gpd; Vw;ghLfSf;F cl;gl;L> vl;lhtJml;ltizapy; Fwpj;Jiuf;fg;gl;l xt;nthUkhfhzj;Jf;fhfTk; Xu; khfhzrig ];jhgpf;fg;gLk;...”> 4vdj; njuptpf;fpwJ.murpayikg;Gf;fhd 13 MtJ jpUj;jj;jpd; fPo;> khefurigfs;> efu rigfs;> kw;Wk; gpuNjr rigfs;vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpa jw;NghjpUf;fpd;w cs;@uhl;rpmurhq;f Kiwikf;F Nkyjpfkhf> xd;gJ khfhzrigfs; cUthf;fg;gl;ld.mjpfhug; gutyhf;fg;gl;l Ml;rpapd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;mjpfhug; gutyhf;fj;jpd; vl;lg;gl Ntz;ba gpujhd,yf;Ffs;: tpdj;jpwdhdJk; nghWg;Gf;$wf;$baJkhdMl;rp> tha;g;Gf;fis Kd;Ndw;Wtjd; %ykhf tWikf;Fiwg;G> ntFrdq;fspd; gq;Fgw;Wjy; kw;Wk;tYg;gLj;Jjy;> xLf;fg;gl;l FOf;fspd; cupikfs;kPjhd ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; vd;gdthFk;.twpatu;fSf;fhd murpay; gutyhf;fk; rpwe;jgpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij mtu;fSf;F toq;fp> ,lughak;kw;Wk; cupikfspd; kPwiyf; Fiwj;J cs;@u;jPu;khdk; Nkw;nfhs;Sjypy; gq;Fgw;Wtjw;Ftha;g;Gf;fis Fbkf;fSf;F toq;fyhk;. kWgwj;NjnghUshjhug; gutyhf;fk; fy;tp> MNuhf;fpak;> ePu;kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk; Nghd;wtw;iw ngWtjw;F rpwe;jtopKiwfSf;F mtu;fis mDkjpf;fpd;wJ.cs;@u; Kiwikfspy; cs;s gytPdq;fs;…cs;@u; tuTnryTj;jpl;lq;fs;cs;@u;tuTnryTj; jpl;lq;fspd;nrytpLjiy ehd;F gue;jtiffs; nry;thf;F nrYj;jpf;fl;Lg;gLj;Jfpd;wd:(1) tuT nryTj; jpl;l msTk;xJf;fPl;Lr; nrad;KiwfSk;/(2) cs;@u; nraw;wpwd;/(3) cs;@uj; Njitfs; kw;Wk;(4) murpay; nghUshjhuk;CENTRALGOVERNMENTPROVINCIALGOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENTmjpfhug; gutyhf;fj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; rl;lq;fs;…murpayikg;Gf;F Nkyjpfkhf> khfhz rigfs;1987Mk; Mz;bd; 42Mk; ,yf;f khfhz rigfs;rl;lj;jpdhy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd> mNj Ntiscs;@uhl;rp epWtdq;fshd khefu rigfs;> efurigfs; kw;Wk; gpuNjr rigfs; vd;gd khefurigfs; fl;lisr; rl;lk; (1947)> efu rigfs;fl;lisr; rl;lk; (1939) kw;Wk; gpuNjr rigfs;rl;lk; (1987) vd;git kw;Wk; KiwNa mtw;wpd;jpUj;jq;fspd; fPOk; tUfpd;wd.4 cWg;Giu 15 m (1)> mj;jpahak; XVIIA 1978 Mk; Mz;L,yq;if [dehaf Nrhryprf; Fbaurpd; murpayikg;Gf;fhdgjpd;%d;whtJ jpUj;jk; - 1987 ,y; mj;jhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.tpNrlkhf mgptpUj;jpailAk; ehLfspy; mjpfhug;gutyhf;fr; rPu;jpUj;jq;fs; gaDWjpahf ,Ug;gjw;FNjitg;gLj;jg;gLk; rpy Kd;epge;jidfs; cs;sd>mit: fy;tpawpT ngw;wJk; kw;Wk; murpay; uPjpahfmwpTs;sJkhd thf;fhsu;fs;> gaDWjpahd rl;lthl;rp>Rje;jpukhdJk; ePjpahdJkhd Nju;jy;fs;> Jbg;ghdmurpay; Nghl;b> jFjpahd cs;@u; epu;thfk;>fz;fhzpg;G nghwpKiwfs;. gy;NtWgl;lcs;cUthf;fg;gl;l fhuzpfSk; $l mjpfhug;gutyhf;f nfhs;iffspd; ntw;wpiag; ghjpf;fpd;wd.epWtduPjpahd nraw;wpwd;> murpay; nghUshjhuk;>fl;likg;Gj; jd;ikfs; kw;Wk; khfhzq;fs; kw;Wk;khefurigfSf;fpilapyhd kf;fl; njhifg; guk;gy;NtWghLfs; vd;gd mitahFk;. ,e;jNjitg;ghLfs; midj;Jf;Fk; %yhjhuhkhf ,Ug;gJXu; gaDWjpahd rl;lthf;f fl;likg;Gf;fhdNjitahFk;. mJ> mjpfhug; gutyhf;fk; kw;Wk;gq;Fgw;Wjy; vd;gtw;wpd; gaDWjpahdmKy;gLj;Jjiy cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F %ytsq;fspd;xg;Guthd gfpu;e;jspg;G kw;Wk; murpay; JzpitcWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.gf;fk; | 6

,yq;ifapy;> khfhzq;fSf;F mspf;fg;gl;l Rahl;rpNghJkhdjy;y vd;gJld; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf; fl;likg;Gfs;gytPdkhditahFk;. khfhz rigapd; MSeu;epiwNtw;W mjpfhuj;jpd; (mjhtJ [dhjpgjpapd;)Kftuhf epakpf;fg;gLfpwhu;. kj;jpa kw;Wk; khfhzmurhq;fq;fspd; tplaq;fs;> nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk;nrytpdg; nghWg;Gfis xJf;Fk; murpayikg;Gf;fhdxd;gjhtJ ml;ltiz fy;tp> Rfhjhuk;> cl;fl;likg;Gkw;Wk; r%f Nritfs; Nghd;w Jiwfs; njhlu;ghfnjsptw;wjhf cs;sJ. epjp Mizf;FO epiwNtw;Wmjpfhuj;jplkpUe;J RahjPdk; mw;W cs;sJ. epjpf;fl;Lg;ghLfis mKy;gLj;jhik fhuzkhf epjpfspd;jtwhd Kfhikj;Jtk; ,it cs;@u; mjpfhug;gutyhf;fj;jpd; ntw;wpiaj; jLf;fpd;w tplaq;fspy;rpyJ kl;LNkahFk;. khfhzq;fSf;F Nghjpastpy;,y;yhj nrytpd xJf;fPL mNj Nghd;W midj;Jkl;lq;fspYk; gytPdkhd nrytpd Kfhikj;Jtk;Mfpa ,uz;LNk mq;F fhzg;gLfpd;wd.gpuhe;jpaq;fs; tuTnryTj; jpl;lq;fs; kPJ tUlhe;jmwpf;iffis nghJkf;fSf;F fpilf;fj;jf;fjhfrku;g;gpg;gjw;F rl;luPjpahd Njitg; ghLfs; ,y;iy.jfty;fSf;fhd ,e;j cupikapd;ik kf;fspd;gaDWjpahd gq;Fgw;Wjiyj; jLf;fpd;wJ.khfhzg; gpur;rpidfs; kPJ ftdk; nrYj;Jtjw;Fkhfhz tuTnryTj; jpl;lq;fs;khfhzq;fsf;F tuTnryTj; jpl;l xJf;fPLfs;(1) murhq;fj;jpw;fpilapyhd khw;wq;fs; jpus; nfhil nghUe;Jk; nfhil newpKiw mbg;gilapyhd nfhil khfhzj;jpd; Fwpj;j mgptpUj;jpf;fhdnfhilfs;(2) gpuhe;jpa tupfs;(3) fld;fs;khfhz rigfSf;F epjpaspj;jy; 13MtJjpUj;jj;jpYk; (mJ epjp Mizf;FOf;fis];jhgpf;fpd;wJ) kw;Wk; khfhz rigfs; rl;lj;jpYk;Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJld; Xu; khfhz epjp kw;Wk; mtruepjp vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. ,t;tpuz;Lk;MSeuhy; xOq;FgLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,J> kj;jpamurhq;fk; mjd; Kftu; Clhf kPz;Lk; khfhzq;fspd;epjpiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd ,lj;ijcUthf;Ffpd;wJ.khfhz rigfs; fld;fisg; ngWtjw;F rl;lj;jpdhy;mDkjpf;fg;gLfpd;w NghjpYk;> me;jr; nrad;Kiwiamy;yJ msitf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F rl;lthf;fq;fs;,y;iy. khfhzrigfs; cUthf;fg;gl;L 20tUlq;fspd; gpd;dUk; $l> mit kj;jpamurhq;fj;ijg; Nghyy;yhJ cs;ehl;L my;yJntspehl;L epjpr; re;ijfspy; fld;fisg; ngWtjw;F,ayhky; cs;sJ. NkYk;> epjp Mizf;FOkhfhzq;fSf;F xJf;fPLfisg; gupe;Jiuf;fpd;wNghjpYk;> jpiwNrup/epjp mikr;Nr> ,Wjpf; nfhLg;gditjPu;khdpf;fpd;wJ vd;gNjhL ,q;F [dhjpgjpNa epjpmikr;ruhfTk; cs;shu;.nfhilfs; newpKiw my;yJ jpus; Njitfs;vd;gtw;Wf;F nghUe;Jfpd;wjh?jpus; NjitfSf;fhd nfhilfs; Fwpf;Nfhs;Fwpj;jhdit vd;gJld; cgNahfg;gLj;Jtjpy;khfhzuPjpahd nefpo;r;rpj; jd;ikaw;witnghUe;Jk; nfhilfs; khfhzq;fspd; tUkhdKaw;rpfs; vd;gjd; mbg;gilapyhd epu;zapf;fg;gl;lnjhiffshFk;. newpKiw mbg;gilapyhdnfhilfs; epjp Mizf;FOtpdhy; ftdj;jpy;nfhs;sg;gl;l gpd;tUk; Fwpj;j newpKiwf;Fmikthf njhiffis xJf;Ffpd;wJ: rdj;njhifkw;Wk; khfhzk; xt;nthd;Wf;Fkhd jyh tUkhdk;/ r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhuk; Mfpa ,uz;LVw;wj;jho;TfisAk; mNj Nghd;Wkhfhzq;fSf;fpilapy; jyh tUkhdj;jpyhdVw;wj;jho;Tfs; vd;gtw;iw Fiwg;gjw;fhd Njit.r%f nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfspw;fpilapYk;njhlu;e;Jk; khwhj newpKiw mbg;gilapyhdnfhil cl;gl> kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpdhy;jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk; midj;Jf; nfhilfSk;epu;zapf;fg;gl;l njhiffshFk;> nghUe;Jk;nfhilfSk; $l khfhz tUkhz Kaw;rpfSld;nghUe;Jtjpy;iy vd;gNjhL epu;zapf;fg;gl;ljhfNtnjhlu;e;Jk; cs;sJ. ,e;j Kiwikfs;kPs;gFg;ghag;gl;L khfhzj; NjitfSf;FnghUe;Jtjw;F> tpidj;jpwd; kw;Wk; tUkhdKaw;rpfSf;F ntFkjpaspg;gjw;F kw;Wk;nefpo;r;rpahdJk; kw;Wk; cs;@u;j; NjitfSf;FnghUe;Jk; tifapy; khfhzq;fspd; jw;Wzpgpd;gbcgNahfq;fis mDkjpf;Fk; tifapYk; tpUj;jpnra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;.cs;@uhl;rp murhq;fk; kPjhd Njrpa nfhs;ifnghJ trjpfSf;fhd xU Kftu; vd;w epiyapypUe;Jxg;GuT> Njrpa tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; xg;Guthd nghUshjhuKd;Ndw;wk; vd;gtw;Wf;F gq;fspf;fpd;w Fwpf;Nfhs;Nehf;fpa cs;@u; mgptpUj;jpf;fhf Xu; Kd; mzptFf;fpd;wjhf mjd; Nehf;nfy;iyiatpupTgLj;Jtjw;F nfhs;if KidfpwJ. (4.1.3.1cs;@uhl;rp murhq;fk; kPjhd Njrpa nfhs;if 2009)mjpfhug; gutyhf;fj;ij NkYk; kf;fisikag;gLj;jpajhf Mf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; cs;@uhl;rpmurhq;f kw;Wk; khfhz rigfs; mikr;R 2009 ,y;Xu; Njrpaf; nfhs;ifia cUthf;fp kf;fspd;guprPyidf;fhf rku;g;gpj;jJ. mJ rptpy; r%fk;> r%f];jhgdq;fs; kw;Wk; fpuhk kl;lq;fsp;y; mbkl;l epu;thfmikg;Gfshd kf;fs; rig vd;gtw;wpd; Cf;fj;Jldhdgq;fspg;ig Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F ,yf;F nfhz;Ls;sJ.Jujpu];ltrkhf> ,f;nfhs;if mKy;gLj;Jtjw;FkpfTk; Gul;rpfukhdjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; mKy;gLj;JjYf;F Mjuitj; jpul;Lk; Xu; Nehf;fpNyNacs;@uhl;rp murhq;fk; kw;Wk; kf;fspd; gq;Fgw;Wjy;vd;gtw;iw tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf mjd; fhyg;nghUj;jkhd kw;Wk; mbg;gilahd gupe;JiufisRl;bf;fhl;Ltjw;fhf gpd;tUk; RUf;fkhdfz;Nzhl;lk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.gf;fk; | 7

cs;@uhl;rp murhq;fk; kPjhd Njrpaf; nfhs;if 2009 (http://www.dailynews.lk/2009/09/25/fea08.asp)ju;f;f epahak;: xt;nthU gpui[Ak; cs;@uhl;rp murhq;fj;jplkpUe;J mD$ykhd mbg;gil Nritfs; kw;Wk;cl;fl;likg;Gfis NfhUtjw;fhd cupikiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJld; xt;nthU gpui[f;Fk; Xu; epahakhd Nritiatoq;FtJ cs;@uhl;rp mjpfhurigfspd; nghWg;ghFk;. cs;@u;j; jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf;F gq;fspg;gjw;Fgpui[fSk; nghWg;ghdtu;fshtu;.Fwpf;Nfhs;fs;: mjpfstpw;fhd gpuNjr mjpfhug;gutyhf;fk; kw;Wk; mjpfhug;gfpu;T kw;Wk; kf;fspd;Ml;rpKiwf;fhd Cf;Ftpj;jy; murhq;fj;jpd; kw;iwa ,U mLf;Ffspd; Xu; Rakhf MSk; gq;fhsuhfcs;@uhl;rp murhq;fj;ij ,Uf;fr; nra;jy;.nfhs;iff; fl;likg;G• rl;lq;fs; Nghjpastpy; ,y;yhj epiy gaDWjpahd tifapy; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;lJld; khfhz rigfs;kw;Wk; cs;@uhl;rp mjpfhurigfs; vd;gtw;wpdhy; epajpr;rl;lq;fs;/cgtpjpfs; vd;gtw;iw ,aw;WtJf;fhdeilKiwfs; vspikg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.• jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; Nrit tpepNahff; fz;fhzpj;jy;> gpuNjrj;jpy; r%f> nghUshjhu kw;Wk; ngsjpfmgptpUj;jp vd;gtw;wpy; kf;fs; rigia Cf;fj;NjhL Njrpa ngsjpf jpl;lr; rl;lj;jpd; mKyhf;fj;jpd; %yk; cs;@uhl;rpmurhq;fj;ij jpl;lkply; mjpfhukhf;fy;.• cs;@u; mgptpUj;jpfspyhd midj;J KjyPLfSk; mtu;fis Rahl;rp mikg;Gfshf tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfcs;@uhl;rp murhq;fj;Jld; ,izf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. cs;@uhl;rp murhq;fk; murhq;fk;> rptpy; r%fk;kw;Wk; jdpahu;Jiw Mfpa Kj;jug;G mgptpUj;jpapd; midj;J mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffspd; Xu; Nru;f;ifahf,Uj;jy;.• gpui[fs; fye;jhNyhridr; nrad;Kiw xd;wpD}lhf cUthf;fg;gl;l Xu; $l;lhz;ikj; jpl;lk; ClhfnghJthd gpur;rpidfSf;fhd $l;L epWtdk;.• jfty;fSf;fhd cupikia> tpNrlkhf tUkhdk;/nrytpdk;> xg;ge;jq;fs; (nld;lu;fs;) kw;Wk; Copau; njupTnjhlu;ghf ghJfhg;gjw;F gfpuq;f nghWg;Gf;$Wjy; epiyehl;lg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.• mur epjpapd; tpepNahfj;jpy; xg;Guit miltjw;F jpiwNrup kw;Wk; epjp Mizf;FO vd;gtw;Wld;cs;@uhl;rp murhq;fk; neUf;fkhf gzpahw;Wjy; Ntz;Lk;.• cs;@u; jPu;khdk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nrad;Kiwfspy; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; xLf;fg;gl;l FOf;fspd;gpujpepjpj;Jtj;ij cs;slf;Ftjw;F eltbf;iffs; vLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.• khfhz kw;Wk; cs;@u; kl;lq;fSf;fpilapy; xd;Wf;nfhd;W Nkw;gbfpd;w tUkhd %yq;fs; Xu;fye;jhNyhridr; nrad;Kiw %ykhf ePf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. epjp Mizf;FOtpdhyhd nfhilfspd; NeubmDg;Gjy;> Kj;jpiuj; jPu;itfs; kw;Wk; ePjpkd;w mguhjg; gzq;fs; vd;gd cs;@uhl;rp mikg;GfSf;F.• r%f cs;spizj;jy;> rptpy; r%f gq;Nfw;wy; kw;Wk; gq;Flikfs;: midj;J rpWghd;ikf; FOf;fs;>midj;J tplaq;fspYk; xLf;fg;gl;l kw;Wk; eype;j FOf;fs;> Ml;rpKiwf;F rptpy; r%fj;jpd; gq;Fgw;Wjy;cs;spizg;gij nfhs;if ,yf;fhff; nfhs;Sk;. mf;fiw nfhz;ltu;fs;> ntFrd mikg;Gfs; kw;Wk;jd;dhu;tf; FOf;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; efu mgptpUj;jpf; FOf;fs; Nghd;wit %ykhfrptpy; r%f ];jhgdq;fspd; epWtduPjpahd nraw;wpwidf; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;.• cs;@uhl;rp murhq;f nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; nraw;ghl;L kjpg;gPL vd;gtw;iw Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F jfty; kw;Wk;njhlu;ghly; njhopy;El;gj;ij ];jhgpj;jy; %ykhdJ cl;gl> jpwd; mgptpUj;jpA+lhf cs;@uhl;rp murhq;fepWtdq;fspd; kdpj ts Mw;wy;fis njhopy;rhu; jd;ikg;gLj;jy;.gupe;Jiucs;@uhl;rp murhq;fk; kPjhd Njrpa nfhs;if tiuG khfhz rigfs; kw;Wk; cs;@uhl;rp murhq;fq;fs;“Ra Ml;rpj;jd;ik” nfhz;l epWtdq;fshf tUtijj; jLf;fpd;w ,yq;ifapy; mjpfhug;gutyhf;fj;jpd;cs;Ss;s gy gpur;rpidfs; kPJ ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ.,f;nfhs;if ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; cldbahd tpthjj;Jf;Fk; gpd;du; Nrit tpepNahfq;fspy; nghWg;Gf;$wy;kw;Wk; gjpypWf;Fk; jd;ik ,y;yhik> Nghjpastpy; %ytsq;fs; ,y;yhik kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwdw;w tUkhdKfhikj;Jtk;> kf;fspd; gq;Fgw;Wjypd;ik Nghd;w tplaq;fs; kPJ ftdk; nrYj;Jk; mjd; gaDWjpahdjd;ikia ,of;fg; gz;zhJ mKy;gLj;jg;gLtjw;F vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. mKy;gLj;Jjy;cs;@uhl;rp mjpfhurigfs;> muR my;yhj nraw;ghl;lhsu;fs; kw;Wk; gpui[fspd; $l;bizthf mikjy;Ntz;Lk;.gf;fk; | 8

7Njrpa tuTnryTj; jpl;l Rw;Wtl;lk;,yq;ifapy; epjpahz;L Mq;fpyg; gQ;rhq;f tUlj;ijg; Nghd;Nw [dtupapypUe;J brk;gu; tiuahdjhFk;.[dtupapypUe;J [{iy tiu…ehl;bd; Ngupdg; nghUspay; fl;likg;G ,iwf; nfhs;newpj; jpzf;fsk;> jpiwNrup kw;Wk; kj;jpa tq;fpvd;gtw;Wf;fpilapy; fye;Jiuahlg;gLk;. ,e;jf; fl;likg;ig mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Njrpa tuTnryTj;jpizf;fsk; nrytpd tuk;Gfisj; jahu; nra;tJld; nrytpd fzpg;gPLfspd; rku;g;gpj;jiyf; Nfhupntt;NtW mikr;Rf;fs; kw;Wk; jpizf;fsq;fSf;F Rw;wwpf;iffis mDg;Gk;.[{iyapy; jpiwNrupapdhyhd xU tuTnryTj; jpl;lf; NfhUjy; midj;J rk;ge;jg;gl;l murhq;f kw;Wk;gFjpastpyhd murhq;f epWtdq;fSf;F topfhl;ly;fs;/gzpg;Giufis mDg;Gk;.Mf];bypUe;J xf;Nlhgu; tiu …fzpg;gPLfspd; kPsha;Txt;nthU mikr;rpd;epue;ju nrayhsupdhy;mikr;R tupir kw;Wk;murhq;fj;jpizf;fsq;fspd; tuTnryTj; jpl;lf; fzpg;gPLfspd; kPsha;T.xJf;fPl;Lr; rl;l%yk;(Ntiyj;jpl;l tifapyhdnrytpd rhuhk;rk;) – tuTnryTj; jpl;lf; fzpg;gPLfs;mDkjpf;fg;gLtjw;Fk; kw;Wk;xJf;fPl;L rl;l %yj;jpy;cs;spizj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLtjw;Fkhf epjp mikr;ru;Clhf mikr;ruitf;Frku;g;gpf;fg;gLjy;.Kjyhk; thrpg;G - ,WjpahfKbT nra;ag;gl;l xJf;fPl;Lrl;l%yj;ijghuhSkd;wj;jpy; rku;g;gpj;jy;.entk;gupy;…tuTnryTj; jpl;lciu/,uz;lhk;thrpg;Gk; tpthjKk; –tuTnryTj; jpl;lciuepjpmikr;rupdhy;epfo;j;jg;gLk;.,uz;lhtJ thrpg;gpd;kPJ tpthjj;Jf;fhfVOehl;fs;xJf;fg;gLk;.rl;l%yj;ijepiwNtw;Wtjw;Fthf;Fg; gpupT elhj;jg;gLk;.FO epiy tpthjk;– tpthjj;Jf;fhf 17ehl;fs; xJf;fg;gLk;.murhq;fk; kw;Wk;vjpu;f;fl;rp Mfpa,uz;bdhYk; 21cWg;gpdu;fSf;FNkw;glhj njupTf;FONju;e;njLf;fg;gLk;.cWg;gpdu;fs;jiyikr; nryTfs;gw;wp fye;JiuahLtu;.%d;whk; thrpg;Gk;thf;fspj;jYk; –rl;l%yj;jpd;%d;whk; thrpg;GFOepiy tpthjj;ijKbTf;F nfhz;LtUfpwJ.rl;l%yj;ijepiwNtw;Wtjw;Fthf;Fg; gpupTelhj;jg;gLk;.Njrpa tuTnryTj;jpl;lk;xJf;fPl;Lr; rl;l%yk;%d;whk; thrpg;gpy;Njrpa tuTnryTj;jpl;lkhfepiwNtw;wg; gLk;NghJ tuT nryTj;jpl;l eltbf;iffs;Xu; KbTf;F tUk;.tuTnryTj; jpl;lr; nrad;Kiw ntspg;gilahdjhfTk; kw;Wk; cs;spizf;Fe; jd;ikahdjhfTk; ,Ug;gJKf;fpakhdjhFk;. nrytpdj; Njitfis jPu;khdpg;gjpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l mikr;Rfspdhy; khfhz kw;Wk;cs;@uhl;rp murhq;fq;fs; fye;jhNyhrpf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. mjpfhug;gutyhf;fg;gl;l epWtdq;fs; gjpYf;Fcs;@u; gpur;rpidfs; kw;Wk; Njitfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L xJf;fPLfis gpNuupg;gjw;F gpui[fs;FOf;fis cs;spizj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. fPNoAs;sit njd;dnkupf;fh fz;lk; KOtjpYk; ,Ue;jhdmjpfhug;gutyhf;f nfhs;iffs;> eilKiwfs; kw;Wk; gpur;rpidfs; vd;gtw;wpd; Xu; RUf;fkhdgFg;gha;thFk;.7 lgps;A.V. tp];t tu;zghy> ,yq;ifapy; ghuhSkd;wKk; gfpuq;f nghWg;Gf;$wYk; > mj;jpahak; III> nfhlNf ru;tNjr gjpg;gf (jdpahu;) epWtdk;>nfhOk;G 2004. ,yq;ifg; ghuhSkd;w ,izaj;jsj;ijAk; ghu;f;f> http://www.parliament.lk/budget/programme.jspgf;fk; | 10

ng&tpy; kf;fspd; gq;Fgw;Wjy;xU [dehafg; gpujpepjpj;Jt ehlhd ng&f; FbauR 29 kpy;ypadpw;Fk; mjpfkhd rdj;njhifAld; 25 gpuhe;jpaq;fshfgpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld; 2002,y; murpayikg;Gr; rPu;jpUj;jk; %ykhf mjd; nghUshjhuj;ij mjpfhug;gutyhf;fpAs;sJ.cs;@uhl;rp murhq;fq;fsplkpUe;jhd gykhd ek;gfj;jd;ikf;F Nkyjpfkhf> mq;Nf tuTnryTj; jpl;lj;ij jpl;lkpLjypy;mtu;fsJ thf;fhsu;fs; kw;Wk; rptpy; r%fq;fSld; fye;jhNyhrpg;gjw;F> xt;nthU ehd;F tUlq;fSf;Fk; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gLk;cs;@uhl;rp mjpfhurigfis (efurigfs;) Njuitg;gLj;Jtjw;F> gq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj; jpl;l jpl;lkpLjy; njhlu;ghf Xu;rl;lk; $l cs;sJ. mtrug;gLj;jg;gl;l mKy;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; NghJkhd fz;fhzpg;G nghwpKiwapd;ik vd;gd ng&tpd;mjpfhug;gutyhf;fr; nrad;Kiwapd; ntw;wpia kl;Lg;gLj;jpa NghjpYk;> mjpfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; Fbkf;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy;fl;lha fye;jhNyhridia rl;lk; ];jhgpj;J kf;fspd; gq;Nfw;wiy Cf;fg;gLj;JtJ ghuhl;lj;jf;fjhFk;.Xu; gq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj; jpl;lj;jpd; tuyhW:gpNu]pypy; ,Ue;jhd mDgtq;fs; “gq;Nfw;wy;tuTnryTj; jpl;l jpl;lkpLjy;” vd;gjd; Njhw;Wthahf,yj;jPd; mnkupf;fh nraw;gLtJld;> mJ ,g;nghOJcyfk; KOtjpYkhf gpurpj;jkhd tifapy;NtNuhbAs;sJ. gq;Nfw;w tuTnryTj; jpl;ljpl;lkpLjypd; vz;zf;fU kw;Wk; mKy;gLj;jy; vd;gd>gy jrhg;j fhy ,uhZt ru;thjpfhuj;ij njhlu;e;J1988,y; gpNu]py; Xu; [dehaf ehlhf te;j gpd;du;Kjypy; Nghu;Nlh my;fpup> rhd;Nlh md;uP> gpuhrpfgh>rd;Nlh]; Nghd;w rpy gpNu]pypad; efuq;fspy;cUthfpaJ. 2000 ,ypUe;J ,d;W tiu> ,e;jf;fUj;jpay; Vida ,yj;jPd; mnkupf;f kw;Wk; INuhg;gpaefuq;fSf;Fk; gutpAs;sJ. vt;thwhapDk;> rpy,yj;jPd; mnkupf;f ehLfspy; gq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj;jpl;l jpl;lkpLjiy Muk;gpj;j xU Kf;fpa Fzhk;rk;vd;dntdpy;> cs;@uhl;rp murhq;fq;fiscs;slf;fpapUe;j fl;rpfs; Njrpa kl;lj;jpy;mjpfhuj;jpy; ,Ue;j fl;rpf;F vjpuhfmike;jpUe;jikahFk;.gpNu]pypy;> [dehafkag;gLj;Jjy; mbkl;lmikg;Gfis tYg;gLj;Jtjw;F ,l;Lr; nrd;wJld; Xu;Gjpa murpayikg;G murhq;fk; kw;Wk; rptpy;r%fq;fSf;fpilapyhd fye;jhNyhridfis rl;lKiwahdjhf Mf;fpaJ. gpNu]pypad;murpayikg;ghdJ nghJf; nfhs;if tplaq;fspy;rptpy; r%f ];jhgdq;fspd; gq;Fgw;WjiyAk; kw;Wk;Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; r%fg; ghJfhg;G vd;gtw;wpd;jpl;lkpLjypy; kf;fs; gq;Nfw;wiyAk; jhdhfNtNjitg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.gq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj; jpl;lkpLjYk; murpay; mDruidAk;:gpNu]pypd; ngNyh n`hupn]hd;b kw;Wk; Nghu;Nlh my;fpup Mfpaefu;fspy; gq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj; jpl;l jpl;lkpLjy; kj;jpajutFg;gpdiuAk; ftu;tjw;fhd jpl;lq;fis cs;slf;Ftjw;fhftpupthf;fg;gl;lJ. Kd;du;> kj;jpa ju tFg;gpdu; “rYif Kiw”(murpay; Mjutpw;fhf nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nritfspd; gupkhWjy;)%ykhf tsq;fspd; tpepNahfk; kPJ Mjpf;fk; nfhz;bUe;jdu;.gq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj; jpl;l jpl;lkpLjYld;> jPu;khdk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk;nraw;wpwDld; xLf;fg;gl;l FOf;fs; mjpfhuk; ngw;wd Mdhy;kj;jpa ju tFg;gpdupd; mbg;gilj; Njitfs; Vw;fdNtepiwNtw;wg;gl;L tpl;ljpdhy; mtu;fs; gq;Nfw;gjw;fhd Cf;fk;mw;wpUe;jdu;.vt;thwhapDk;> epjpajtpfs; kw;Wk; epGzj;Jtk; vd;gdntw;wpfukhd gq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj; jpl;l jpl;lkpLjYf;FKf;fpakhdit vd;gJld; rYif Kiw FiwtilAk; mNj Ntis>gq;Nfw;wiy mjpfupg;gjw;F Cf;Ftpg;Gfs; cUthf;fg;gl;ld. kpfTk;twpa gpuptpdupd; gq;Fgw;Wjypd;ik njhlu;e;Jk; Xu; Kf;fpagpur;rpidahf cs;sJld; $l;L eltbf;ifia Cf;fg;gLj;Jtjw;FKaw;rpfs; njhlu;e;Jk; mq;Nf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.gpNu]pypad; efu;fspYs;s tuTntyTj; jpl;ljpl;lkpLjypd; Kf;fpakhd Fzhk;rq;fspnyhd;W r%fg;gpujpepjpfs;> njhopw;rq;fq;fs; kw;Wk; / my;yJ Vidarq;fq;fs;; %ykhf vd;gjw;F gjpyhf Neubahfg;gq;Nfw;gjw;fhd kf;fspd; cupikia mq;fPfupg;gjhFk;.Vida ,yj;jPd; mnkupf;f ehLfs; kf;fspd;gpujpepjpfs; %ykhf gq;Nfw;gjw;Nf tpUg;gk;fhz;gpf;fpd;wd.,yj;jPd; mnkupf;f mDgtq;fs;(1)cs;@uhl;rp murhq;f tuTnryTj; jpl;lxJf;fPLfis ahu; Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wdu;?tuTnryTj; jpl;l xJf;fPL njhlu;ghf xt;nthUehl;bYk; rl;lthf;fk; Xu; Kf;fpa tfpghfj;ijtfpj;jhYk;> xt;nthU ehl;Lf;Fk; mika Kiwikfs;NtWgLfpd;wd. 8 kpfTk; gue;jstpw;F gutpAs;sJ gpNu]pypy;gq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj; jpl;lj; jpl;lkpLjy; rig(+nfhg;_ - (COP)) (my;yJ Vida ehLfspy; mjw;FrkdhdJ) ,Wjp mq;fPfhuj;Jf;fhf khefurigfSf;F tuTnryTj; jpl;lj;ij rku;g;gpf;Fk;rptpy; r%f gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz;LcUthdjhFk;. ,J> cs;Suhl;rp murhq;ftuTnryTj; jpl;lk; cs;@u; gq;Nfw;Wy; kw;Wk;Njitfis ntspg; gLj;Jtjw;F mDkjpf;fpd;wJ. tuTnryTj; jpl;lj;ij khefu rig Kjypy;MNkhjpf;fpd;wJ> gpd;du; mtu;fsJ r%fg;gpujpepjpfs; Clhf mjpfhuk; mNjNghd;Wgpui[fshy; fye;Jiuahlg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jmZFKiw ,Uf;fpd;w murpay;fl;likg;Gf;fSld; gq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj; jpl;lj;jpl;lkpLjiy xUq;fpizf;fpd;wJ.,tw;Wf;F Kuzhf> ,yq;ifapd; epjp Mizf;FOmjd; gupe;Jiufis kj;jpa murhq;fj;Jf;Frku;g;gpf;fpd;wJ NkYk; epjp mikr;ruhfTk; cs;s[dhjpgjpNa cs;@uhl;rp murhq;f tuTnryTj; jpl;lxJf;fPLfs; kPJ ,Wjpg; gupe;Jiuia Nkw;nfhs;fpwhu;.(2) gq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj; jpl;l jpl;lkpLjypy;ahu; cs;spizf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;?mNefkhd ehLfspy;> rpWghd;ik ,d kw;Wk; kjf;FOf;fs;> RNjrp kf;fs;> ngz;fs;> khw;Wj; jpwdhspfs;>,isQu;fs; kw;Wk; Fwpg;ghf ,yj;jPd; mnkupf;fhtpy;Mgpupf;f tk;rhtsp kf;fs; kw;Wk; INuhg;ghtpy;8 fghnd];> Ant]; (Cabannes, Yves) ƒ gq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj; jpl;ljpl;lkpLjy;: gq;Nfw;wy; [dehafj;Jf;fhd Xu; Kf;fpakhdgq;fspj;jy;„ > Rw;Wr;#oy; kw;Wk; efu;kag;gLj;jy;> njhFjp 16> ,y.1(Vg;gpuy; 2004)>http://www.environmentandurbanisation.org/documents/16-1pp27-46cabannes.pdfgf;fk; | 11

Gyk;ngau;e;Njhu;fs; Mfpatu;fs; gq;Nfw;wy; nrad;KiwfspypUe;J mjpfstpw;F tpyf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.vt;thwhapDk;> ,yj;jPd; mnkupf;f ehLfs; gyxLf;fg;gl;l FOf;fspd; gq;Fgw;WjiycWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; FOf;fs;kw;Wk; / my;yJ xJf;fPl;Lg; gq;F Kiwikfis];jhgpj;Js;sd: gpNu]pypd; ff;]pa]; ^ Ry; (Caxias do Sul) efupy;ngz;fs; kw;Wk; ,isatu;fs; njhlu;ghdgpur;rpidfs; kPJ r%f cs;spzj;jy; FO. gpNu]pypd; nu]png (Recife) efupy; jdpNangz;fspd; gpur;rpifSf;fhf mu;g;gzpf;fg;gl;l xUFO. ng& ehl;bd; ,Nyh (Ilo) efu; 50% gpujpepjpfs;ngz;fshfTk; kw;Wk; gq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj;jpl;lj; jpl;lkpLjy; kPjhd gzpg;Giuf; FOtpd; xUmq;fkhf Fiwe;jJ 3 Ngu;fshtJ ngz;fs;,Ug;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F xJf;fPl;Lg;gq;FKiwnahd;iwf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. gpNu]pypd; ngy;nyk; (Belém) gpujpepjpfs; ngz;fs;>taJ Kjpu;e;jtu;fs;> khw;Wj; jpwd; nfhz;legu;fs; kw;Wk; rpWtu;fs; Nghd;wtu;fs; kPjhdgpuj;jpNafkhdFOf;fSf;fhfNju;e;njLf;fg;gl;ldu;.(3)tuTnryTj; jpl;lj;ij ahu;mKy;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;?mNefkhd mnkupf;f ehLfspy;> tuTnryTj; jpl;lj;jpd;mKy;gLjJ;jiy Nkw;ghu;it nra;tjw;Fgpuj;jpNafkhd mikg;Gfs; cs;sd. cjhuzk;>gpNu]pypd; fk;gpd]; (Campinas) ,ypYs;s gq;Nfw;wy;tuTnryTj; jpl;lj; jpl;lkpLjy; rig nraw;FOf;fs;kw;Wk; nu]png ,Ys;s gupNrhjid kw;Wk; gzpf;fz;fhzpg;Gf;fhd FO. Vida nghwpKiwfs;gpui[fs; ];jhgdq;fs; kw;Wk; Rw;Wtl;lhu];jhgdq;fs; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wd (ff;]pa];^ Ry;> nkf;]pf;Nfh) vt;thwhapDk;> gy ,yj;jPd;mnkupf;f ehLfs; jPu;khdk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk;nrad;Kiwfspy; gpui[fspd; gq;Nfw;wiyntw;wpfukhf rl;l Kiwahdjhf Mf;fp ];jhgpj;Jgq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj; jpl;l jpl;lkply;: Xu;‘mbg;gilahd [dehafk;’gq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj; jpl;l jpl;lkpLjiy Cf;Ftpf;Fk;,yj;jpd; mnkupf;f ehLfspy;> topfhl;Lk; newpahfmike;jJ Xu; ‘gq;Nfw;wy; muR’ vd;gjw;F rhu;ghdjhfmjpfhuk; kpf;f kj;jpa muR kw;Wk; rpwpa muR Mfpa,uz;ilAk; epuhfupj;j ‘mbg;gilahd [dehafk;’ vDk;vz;zf;fUNt MFk;. cz;ikapy;> efupy; gq;Nfw;wy;tuTnryTj; jpl;l jpl;lkpLjiy Kjypy;mwpKfg;gLj;jpa> Nghu;Nlh my;fpupapd; Kd;dhs; efugpjhthd (Nkau;) xyptpah Ll;uh (2002) gpd;tUkhWFwpg;gpl;lhu;> gq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj; jpl;l jpl;lkpLjy;>mJ gaDWjpahdJ> kPs;tpepNahfpf;fj;jf;fJ> kw;Wk;ntspg;gilj; jd;ikahdJ vd;gijf; fhz;gpg;gjd; %yk;muir kPsrl;lKiwg;gbahdjhf Mf;Ffpd;wJ.gq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj; jpl;l jpl;lkpLjypd; ,e;jf;fz;Nzhl;lk; Nrhrypk; kw;Wk; [dehafk; Mfpa,uz;Lk; ,ize;J KOikahfty;y tfpghfq;fisf;nfhz;Ls;sd vdTk; fhz;fpwJ. gq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj;jpl;l jpl;lkpLjy; Xu; Nrhryprf; fUj;jpay; %yk;cUthf;fg;gl;lhYk;> murpd; jPu;khdk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk;nrad;Kiwapy; gpui[fs; xU gFjpahf mikfpd;wgq;Nfw;wy; [dehafk;> rpwg;Gupikfs;> rYifKiwfisAk; kw;Wk;> ,Wjpahf r%fj;jpd; kPJ%yjdj;jpd; mjpfhuj;ijAk; KbTWj;Jtjw;Fmtrpakhfpd;wJ (xyptpah Ll;uh).,yj;jPd; mnkupf;fh: gq;Nfw;wy; kw;Wk; cs;@u;rkhdq;fspyhd kl;Lg;gLj;jy;fs;,yj;jPd; mnkupf;f ehLfspy; mur nrad;Kiwfspy;gpui[fspd; gq;Nfw;wy;fSf;F $Ljy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; kw;Wk;cs;spizj;jy; mspf;fg;gl;lhYk;> gq;Nfw;wy; tuTnryTj;jpl;l jpl;lkpLjy; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l ntw;wpfis kl;LNkmile;Js;sJ. mJ Kfq; nfhLf;Fk; gy jilfs;,yq;ifapy; jw;NghJs;s Kiwikapy; cs;stw;iwxj;jitahf cs;sd. murpay; Jzptpd;ik kw;Wk; r%f khw;wj;jpw;fhdMjuthsu;fis tpl murhq;fj;jpd; Mjuthsu;fs;$Ljyhd $w;iwf; nfhz;bUg;gij Cf;Ftpf;Fk;fyhr;rhuk;. gpui[fs;/FOf;fs; vd;gd ngUkstpw;F cs;@uhl;rpmurhq;f epWtdq;fspy; jq;fpapUj;jy;. murhq;fnraw;ghl;lhsu;fNs $l;lq;fis xOq;Nfw;ghL nra;Jjq;fsJ epajpfs; kw;Wk; tplaq;fs; gw;wpajfty;fisg; gfpu;tjhy;> mit CoYf;Fk; kw;Wk; xUNtWgl;l tifapyhd rYif Kiwf;Fk; ,l;Lr;nry;yyhk;. Fwpj;j nghUl;fs; my;yJ Nritfs; Njitg;gLk;NghJ gy gpui[fs; jq;fis jahu; nra;Jnfhs;fpd;wdu;. ,J fpilf;fg; ngw;wJk;> gq;Fgw;Wtijmtu;fs; epWj;jpf; nfhs;fpd;wdu; ,J ePz;l fhyj;jpl;lkpLjiy kpfTk; fbdkhf;Ffpd;wJ. cs;@u; nghJf; nfhs;if tplaq;fis jPu;;j;Jf;nfhs;tjpy; gpui[fs; nraw;gl;lhYk;> mtu;fsJcz;ikahd Njitfs; - cs;@u; gq;Nfw;wy;nrad;Kiwfspd; Nehf;nfy;iyf;F mg;ghw;gl;lgue;Jgl;l khw;wq;fisj; Njitg;gLj;Jk; njhopy;tha;g;gpd;ik> fy;tpapd;ik vd;gitahFk;.cs;sJld; r%fq;fs; kPJ cs;@uhl;rp murhq;fNtiyj;jpl;lq;fs; / nfhs;iffspd; jhf;fq;fismjpfupj;Js;sd.gupe;Jiufs;• 2009,d; cs;@uhl;rp murhq;fk; kPjhd Njrpa nfhs;ifiaxU ntspg;gilahd kw;Wk; gaDWjpahd tifapy;mKy;gLj;Jjy;.• xLf;fg;gl;l FOf;fspd; gpujpepjpfshd gpui[fs; FOf;fs;kw;Wk; rptpy; r%f ];jhgdq;fs vd;gd nrytpdf;fzg;gPLfisg; gpNuupg;gjpy; cs;@uhl;rp murhq;fj;Jld;gzpahw;Wjy;.• NghJkhdJk; kw;Wk; xg;GuthdJkhd xJf;fPl;ilcWjpnra;tjw;F khfhz rigfSk; kw;Wk; cs;@uhl;rpmurhq;fq;fSk; epjp Mizf;FOTld; neUf;fkhfgzpahw;Wjy;.• mjpfhug;gutyhf;fg;gl;l epjpapd; gaDWjpahdcgNahfj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F epjpf; fl;Lg;ghLfisrpwe;j Kiwapy; mKy;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; tUlhe;jmwpf;iffspd; rku;g;gpj;jy; kw;Wk; ntspapLjy;.• khfhzq;fs; / gpuhe;jpaq;fs; tUkhdq;fis Neubahf