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Annex 6 shows the full list of 286 prioritized maizeproduction constraints identified by farmers in thedifferent maize production environments surveyed. Itis important to note that the constraints given prioritymay vary depending on the index used.6.2 Production-based PriorityConstraints6.2.1 Major findingsBased on the efficiency index. Tables 6.4a and 6.4bshow the top 30 constraints, associated by maizeenvironment and market orientation, according to theproduction-based efficiency index, with and withoutsubtropical/mid-altitude (STMA)-commercial maizeproduction in India and the Southwest region of China,respectively. The numbers of priority constraints inthe different maize production and market orientationareas are similar with and without India’s STMAcommerciallists. Sixteen of the top thirty productionbasedpriority constraints were reported by farmersas prevalent in rainfed upland (semi-commercialand commercial) maize production environments(Table 6.4a). Ten to eleven constraints from the rainfedlowland (semi-commercial and commercial) systems,and two to three constraints from the irrigatedcommercial areas were included in the list. All of thehighest ranked production-based constraints in China’sSouthwest region pertained to the low-market–surplus,rainfed spring maize production system in rainfedupland environments (Table 6.4b).Interestingly, nine of the top ten priority constraintsin each list, with and without STMA-commercialmaize production in India, are exactly the same. Theseresults indicate that, based on the efficiency indexTable 6.2. Classification of by-country geographic regions in the maize environment-production orientation matrix.Maize productionMarket orientation of maize productionenvironment Low market surplus Semi-commercial CommercialIrrigated China: Sichuan Province Indonesia: All irrigated areas(corresponds to irrigated springThailand: Irrigated lowland areas in themaize system in China’supper north regionSouthwest maize agroecologicalVietnam: Lowland areas of central andregion)coastal highland, northern, andsoutheastern and Mekong Delta regionsRainfed lowland China: Guangxi Province Indonesia: Java and Bali and outer Indonesia: Rainfed lowland areas of(corresponds to rainfed spring islands outer islandsmaize system in China’s Nepal: Terai area of all regions Philippines: Broad plain and hilly areasSouthwest maize agroecological Philippines: Upland plains of Southern of Cagayan Valleyregion) Tagalog, Bicol, and Central Mindanao Thailand: Favorable upland in theVietnam: Upland areas of northernregioncentral, lower north, lower northeast,upper north, upper northeast regionsVietnam: Upland areas of central andcoastal highland, and southeastern andMekong Delta regionsRainfed upland Philippines: Rolling to hilly and Indonesia: Dryland areas of Java and India: All areas of Karnataka andupland areas of Central and Bali, and some outer islands Andhra PradeshEastern Visayas Philippines: Rolling to hilly areas of Indonesia: Dryland areas of outerBicol, all areas in Southern Mindanao, islandsupland, rolling to hilly and upland Philippines: Hilly areas of Cagayanareas of Northern Mindanao ValleyThailand: Unfavorable uplands in the Thailand: Hilly or unfavorable uplandcentral region and hilly areas in the areas in the lower north, lowerupper northeast regionnortheast, and upper north regionsSubtropical/ Nepal: Mid-hills of Central and Western, India: Low rainfall areas of Central India: Medium to high rainfall areas ofmid-altitude Eastern, and Far-Midwestern Development and Western Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Central and Western Uttar Pradesh,Regions; high hills of all development Pradesh, and Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan;regionsall regions of Eastern Uttar PradeshChina: Sichuan and southern Shaanxiand BiharProvinces (corresponds to rainfed summermaize system in China’s Southwestmaize agroecological region)39