(International Dismantling Information System ... - Volkswagen AG

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of pyrotechnic components. For that reason the car industry has developed a standard ignition unit for pyrotechnic components. With this ignition unit, all electronic pyrotechnic components can be safely and reliably triggered in the course of recovery, thus excluding the possibility of uncontrolled ignitions. Fig. 15: Airbag system in the Polo V End-of-life vehicle recovery The recovery of end-of-life vehicles is carried out in three stages: <strong>Dismantling</strong>, shredding and the treatment of shredder residues, e.g. by means of the VW SiCon process. Stage 1: <strong>Dismantling</strong> The recovery process starts with the handover of the end-of-life vehicle at a certified dismantler's facility. There the vehicle details are recorded, the certificate of destruction is issued for the vehicle's last owner, the battery is removed and all pyrotechnic components such as airbags, seat belt tensioners, battery safety terminal are triggered and thus made harmless. Then all the fluids (petrol, engine, gearbox and shock absorber oil, brake fluid, coolant, air conditioning system fluid) are drained off or sucked out. These are collected in separate containers and stored securely until subsequent recycling. Fig. 16: Removal of fuel, lubricants and other fluids using modern technology (photo: MAS Fahrzeugrecycling GmbH, Etzin) The dismantling process includes numerous components and subassemblies that are directly sold as used spares by the vehicle dismantler. Tyres and catalytic converters, glass and plastic parts are also removed. The removal of plastic parts for materials recycling is dependent on the basic economic conditions and the demand for recycled materials on the market. Seite 2
Fig. 17: Used spares / starter motors (photo: MAS Fahrzeugrecycling GmbH, Etzin) Stage 2: Shredder On conclusion of the dismantling work the remaining body is crushed so that it can be transported in a compact and costeffective form to the shredder facility. Shredding is a process that has been established for more than 50 years – shredders were developed for the recycling of metallic materials, particularly ferrous materials. In the shredder the crushed body is broken up with the aid of rotating hammers into pieces no bigger than a fist within a few seconds. These are then fed into to a subsequent multi-stage sorting process. The first stage of separation is airstream sorting (vacuum extraction). This is a mechanical process in which the light shredded parts are separated from the heavy ones in an artificially generated airstream. The light parts form the shredder light fraction (SLF) and are primarily comprised of light plastics, but they also include glass, wood, paint particles and textiles. The heavy fractions are then taken to the magnetic separator, which extracts a fraction of ferrous and steel materials from the mass throughput on the basis of their strong magnetic properties. This fraction is used as a raw material in the steel industry without any further treatment. The remaining heavy components, which are also called the shredder heavy fraction (SHF), are made up of a mixture of nonferrous (NF) metals (aluminum, copper, zinc,…) and predominantly organic materials (rubber and other heavy plastics). The SHF is the most valuable shredder fraction because of the high proportion of non-ferrous metals. In order to recover the NF metals in subsequent process stages, the shredder heavy fraction is further processed at the shredder facility itself or at other plants. Common techniques used for this purpose include the eddy current separator and sink-float systems. Sensorbased sorting systems are now being used to an increasing extent. The non-metallic materials remaining after the shredder heavy fraction has been processed are designated along with the shredder light fraction as shredder residues, which were in the past sent Seite 3
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Page 5: material. Fig. 19: The three-stage

(International Dismantling Information System ... - Volkswagen AG

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