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DRAINAGE BASIN MAPWhat force creates the huge Iguacu Falls?EmbraturEmbraturthe powerful IGUAçU FALLSIGUAçU FALLS from the air4 Schools’ Pack – Brazil 2009
On the border between Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina there is an awesome series of waterfallscalled the Iguaçu Falls. There are 275 waterfalls in total, the biggest of which is 82m high.With 4.5 million litres of water cascading over the Iguaçu Falls every second, it’s even morespectacular than the famous 51m drop at Niagara Falls. Not surprisingly, Iguaçu Falls attractsthousands of tourists every year.The force that created Iguaçu Falls is actually the Paraná River that flows over it. The ferociouspower of the water has carved out deep pools, gorges and drops over thousands of years to makethe landscape appear as it does today.You can see how it happens in the diagram below. First the river flows over a layer of very hardrock called diabase or dolerite, which is above a layer of softer rock. When the water reaches agap in the hard rock it crashes down and starts to wear away the softer rock. As the soft rock iseaten away (1) there is nothing to support the hard rock above it so it falls down (2), helping to forma deep plunge pool below (3). The process starts all over again and so the water gradually forcesthe waterfall backwards (4). As it does this, it creates a steep-sided gorge (5) where the waterfallonce was.This happens very, very slowly. The edge of the hard rock only recedes by 3mm every year, whichjust shows how long the process has been taking place!FORMATION OF A WATERFALLChapter 2: The Shaping of Brazil5
Page 1 and 2: EmbraturIn this chapter we explore
Page 3: If this information about the Amazo
Page 7: There are several upland areas in B

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