materials include an appendix outlining the specifics <strong>of</strong> the literature searchstrategy (e.g., databases & keywords searched) and results (e.g., # <strong>of</strong> relevantstudies). More elaborate systematic reviews are possibilities <strong>for</strong> students’ EMBAsignature projects.The EMBA Signature Project includes the collection <strong>of</strong> primary data <strong>for</strong>applied research or consulting purposes and provides a deeper application <strong>of</strong>using an EBMgt approach <strong>for</strong> students. Research involving data existing withinorganizations or other sources <strong>of</strong> secondary data are also possibilities <strong>for</strong>signature projects. These are examples <strong>of</strong> “little e” evidence (Rousseau, 2006).To this point, our discussion <strong>of</strong> the search <strong>for</strong> the best available evidence hasfocused on “Big E” evidence (Rousseau, 2006) derived from <strong>for</strong>mal research.However, it is important not to overlook evidence from the local context.Readings emphasizing local experimentation (e.g., Davenport, 2009; Pfeffer &Sutton, 2006a) and use <strong>of</strong> organizational data (e.g., Donaldson, 2011, thisvolume) can be assigned to support this perspective.Instruction on how to design, conduct, and interpret <strong>for</strong>mal research fitwithin the mandate <strong>of</strong> a business research methods course, yet it is challenging toincorporate any array <strong>of</strong> practice opportunities within any single course. ThePreliminary Research Proposal is one reasonably integrated opportunity to thinkabout primary research and some <strong>of</strong> those projects could provide local contextevidence. More limited exercises have also been conducted to give studentspractice with Semi-Structured Interviewing and Statistical Analysis <strong>of</strong> existingdata sets. Data sets could come from an instructor’s previous research studies or1022
may be packaged with textbooks (e.g., Hair, Babin, Money, & Samouel, 2003), ifquality or logistic concerns preclude class-originated data collection and analysis.An Online Questionnaire Development workshop has also been used todemonstrate available technology in that regard. Becoming a pr<strong>of</strong>icient producer<strong>of</strong> research requires much more instruction and deliberate practice than can be<strong>of</strong>fered in a single course. Nevertheless, introductory background in researchmethods may promote willingness and perceived capability to collaborate inresearch, appreciation <strong>for</strong> difficulties inherent in conducting research, and abilityto critically appraise research.Critically Appraising the <strong>Evidence</strong>“Critical appraisal is the process <strong>of</strong> assessing and interpreting evidence bysystematically considering its validity, results and relevance to an individual’swork” (Parkes et al., 2001, p. 1), and is argued to be central to EBP (Norman &Shannon, 1998). Thoughtful criticisms <strong>of</strong> the EBMgt movement (e.g.,Learmonth, 2008; Learmonth & Harding, 2006) rein<strong>for</strong>ce the careful andinclusive explication <strong>of</strong> what constitutes evidence in management andorganizational science (e.g., Rousseau et al., 2008). We have introduced students,albeit briefly, to philosophical issues regarding the nature <strong>of</strong> knowledge, anddifferent ontological and epistemological perspectives (e.g., Easterby-Smith et al.,2008; Rousseau et al., 2008; Shadish, Cook, & Campbell, 2002). Even briefintroductions alert students to the idea that they may encounter different, valuableperspectives during their searches <strong>for</strong> the best available evidence. We also letstudents know where we are coming from. Our perspective is that reality exists1023
- Page 1 and 2: Reflections of Teaching Evidence-Ba
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- Page 51 and 52: ReferencesAdprin.com. (2011). Adver
- Page 53 and 54: Coomarasamy, A., & Khan, K. S. (200
- Page 55 and 56: Hadley, J. A., Davis, J., & Khan, K
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