Whats-Consent-Full-A41

3. Findings > 3.1. The Context for Consent• Functions as an icebreaker••Helps individuals to overcome shyness, andEnables close friendships to be established.On the subject of self-imposed limits for alcohol consumption, it was believed that individual students mightoperate according to a general rule of thumb, based on prior experiences of how much could be consumedbefore vomiting or having to go home (F1, F4). It was also suggested that students did not take limit settingseriously (M2), and that limit setting was specific to a given night and situation (M1). The amount of alcoholconsumed on a given occasion would depend on whether the person has eaten (M1, F1, F2, F4), is stressedor tired (F2), the rate or speed of drinking on a given evening (M1), the type of alcohol being consumed (M1,F1), whether the student has next-day commitments (M1), and the amount of alcohol available (e.g., if limitsarise due to being at a house party, M2, or from the amount of money available, M2). There was considerableemphasis placed on the impact of the environment in mediating consumption (M1, M2, F1). In a nightclub itwould be easy to lose track of consumption or not fulfill an intention to limit drinking (M2). It was easy to beinfluenced by the drinking norms in a given situation or by the norms adopted by friends (F1, M2). It takes awhile to get used to the new environment in college, where students are not monitored by parents and mayparticipate in drinking games (F2).In the research literature on student alcohol use there has been less attention directed to exploring the roleattributed to alcohol in facilitating sex, either through hook ups with acquaintances or strangers, or in existingrelationships. The students in the focus groups perceived that the key role of alcohol in social life extends tothe hook up culture and to sex in established relationships. Thus, among its multiple social functions, alcoholwas seen as critical in situations where consent / non-consent to sexual activity arises.Alcohol facilitated hooking up to occur, for instance by inspiring the confidence to approach members of theopposite sex, the ‘Dutch courage’ that enables an individual to initiate conversation or make an approach (M1,M3, F1, F4). This function was underpinned by a presumed ‘shyness’ in making approaches in sober scenarios.Once in the flow of an alcohol-fuelled night out, it was comparatively easy to engage with another personat a similar point of intoxication. Those interactions were of different types: where that person is a ‘randomer’(i.e., a stranger), an acquaintance who the person fancies but would not try to ‘get with’ if sober, or a personwith whom there is an existing relationship. Moreover, being drunk provided an excuse should an approachbe rebuffed, as the person can present that approach as having taken place due to the influence of alcohol,thereby maintaining their social reputation (F1).3.1.2. Examples of Focus Group Extracts:Here this male participant indicates that not participating in the drinking culture is unusual:RESP 2: there’s maybe a handful of people who…who can manage without it. … And they’re always pretty em…you know, unusual people … People that are pretty kind of eccentric … it’s rare enough that … that someonewould be able to socialise properly without … without it. (M3)This is taken up in an exchange in a focus group with females:RESP 1: No, it’s very inconceivable to be a student who goes on a night out and doesn’t drink.RESP 4: Yeah, you can nearly need an excuse.RESP 1: And I don’t think I’ve ever really met anybody…unless they’re driving, that’s a great excuse.RESP 4: Yeah, or you’re on antibiotics or…RESP 1: You do need an excuse, yeah.RESP 4: You actually literally need something to say (F2)12 Young People, Alcohol, and Sex: What’s Consent Got to Do With It?