Environmental-Statem.. - The future - London Stansted Airport

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BAAFramework ArchaeologyStansted AirportVersion 2 Volume 2 Strategic Cultural Heritage Audit1 SOURCES USED1.1 Archaeological Sources1.1.1 The archaeological study area looked at for the Stansted Heritage Audit contains theStansted Airport Limited (STAL) landholding and a 1 km area surrounding it (seeFigure 1). The wider area was examined in order to set the archaeologicalinformation from the STAL holdings within its context.1.1.2 Essex County Council Heritage Conservation Record (EHCR; formerly known as theSMR), Hertfordshire County Council HER (HHER; formerly known as the SMR) andthe National Monuments Record (NMR, maintained by English Heritage) atSwindon, are primary repositories of information on all known archaeology in thisarea. FA requested a list of all sites and finds within the study area from the NMRand from the two County Councils. Almost all of the study area falls within thecounty of Essex; a small part in the south-western corner falls within the county ofHertfordshire. Because of the density of entries on the Essex HCR for the study area,FA also consulted the HCR maps held by Essex County Council in both paper anddigital forms. In addition the following sources were consulted:• English Heritage Scheduled Monument (SM) descriptions and maplets. Thereare three SMs within the study area.• The relevant List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest,compiled by the DOE/DCMS (copies held at English Heritage’s NationalMonuments Record Centre).• A selection of historic maps held by the Essex County Record Office, datingfrom between 1594 and 1843, and the Ordnance Survey 1st Edition 6” and 25’’Maps (1881 and 1874).• Between 1985 and 1990, Essex County Council Archaeology Section (ECCAS)carried out extensive archaeological investigations in response to the expansionof Stansted Airport. This involved a large-scale fieldwalking survey in order toidentify potential sites, followed by targeted excavations. The results of TheStansted Project have recently been published in two volumes and wereconsulted by FA as part of the present study (Havis and Brooks 2004a, 2).• Evaluation and excavation reports of recent site investigations carried out byFramework Archaeology. All those sites excavated to the end of May 2005have been incorporated here.• Geological maps, both OS (sheet 222) and those held by BAA for STAL.• Air photographs held at the National Monuments Record Centre, Swindon, theAerial Photographic Library at Cambridge, the Essex EHCR, and by BAA atStansted dating from the 1940s to 2004.• Plans of the WW II airport held by BAA, the Essex HCR and RAF Archives.1.1.3 FA carried out site walkover surveys of non-airside areas within STAL in October1999 and February 2005. The objectives of the surveys were to:• Confirm the presence/absence (‘ground-truth’) previously known archaeologicaland historical landscape features;• Identify new features of potential archaeological/historical significance;• Record the location of extant hedgerows;• Assess the topography of STAL landholding to provide additional information onpast earth movements associated with the initial phase of airport development;312/04/06
BAAFramework ArchaeologyStansted AirportVersion 2 Volume 2 Strategic Cultural Heritage Audit• Gain first-hand knowledge of the STAL environs with particular emphasis ontopography, zones of vision, and the nature of the historical and naturallandscape.1.1.4 The results of the walkovers have been incorporated into the general assessment ofarchaeological potential/survival.1.1.5 A full list of sources examined can be found in Appendix 4.1.2 Archaeological Sources not Consulted/Scope for Further Work1.2.1 Archaeological sources not consulted for the purposes of the audit comprise detailedplace and field-name evidence derived from historical map sources (eg Tithe mapsand Awards of 1838-1843).1.3 Airport Development Sources1.3.1 BAA Engineering Support Office at Stansted is the primary repository for allengineering and development plans of the airport. There are a very large number ofplans, several thousand, most of which are held in microfiche format. FA consultedwhat appeared to be the most relevant plan ‘packages’ covering the Phase 1development carried out in the 1980s. Those consulted included:• 1986 pre-development contour and spot height survey of the airport,• Cloth plans dating to the 1940s-50s (including the runway) and traced plansdating to the 1950s-60s, held by the Engineering Support Office;• Geotechnical mapping and data from a survey of boreholes, augurs and test pitsundertaken prior to Phase 1 development in 1986, held by the EngineeringSupport Office;• Cut and Fill map (15 mppa Preliminary Site Investigation Earthworks DesignModel Plan, dated Dec 1981),• Groundwork and Construction packages held at the Engineering Support Office,showing present and proposed Phase 1 development, with associated OD levels.These include Stage 2 Infrastructure, Earthworks Stage 3 and Terminal AreaEarthworks plans.• FA examined a number of plan packages associated with specific Phase 1building developments. These were too detailed to be incorporated into the Auditmapping. Copies of plans copied but not used are listed in Appendix 4.• Summary plans of the location of services at Stansted Airport provided by BAAPavement Team; and data on the main impacts of the major services.• Air photographs held by BAA, taken during the Phase 1 development and onelarge poster AP taken in 1998.• Published secondary sources on the history of the development of StanstedAirport.• London Stansted Airport Briefing Pack; document produced by BAA (undated)• A limited series of modern levels provided by Alison Way at BAA.• The Ecology Audit of Stansted Airport undertaken by Penny Anderson, of PennyAnderson Associates (July 1999).• The comments of various individuals were also taken into account whenconsidering the general picture of past ground disturbance at Stansted. Theseinclude consultation with Toby Drew, STAL Engineering Surveyor, AnthonyOgdn, STAL Landscape Engineer and John Grimsdale, Design Manager of BAAPavement Team.1.3.2 A list of all those plans and packages consulted, including drawing references, hasbeen produced in Appendix 4.412/04/06
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Environmental-Statem.. - The future - London Stansted Airport

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