CHN Analyzer Labs in General Chemistry and Environmental ...
CHN Analyzer Labs in General Chemistry and Environmental ...
CHN Analyzer Labs in General Chemistry and Environmental ...
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<strong>CHN</strong> <strong>Analyzer</strong> <strong>Labs</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>General</strong><strong>Chemistry</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Environmental</strong> ScienceScott Donnelly Tim WhittierArizona Western CollegeColorado River
AWCMEXICOTucson
Presentation Topics•<strong>CHN</strong> Elemental <strong>Analyzer</strong>•Lab Activities:•Post-harvest Ethanol fromWheat•Chemical Composition ofCoal
60 SampleCarousel<strong>CHN</strong> Elemental <strong>Analyzer</strong>O 2(g) not shownHe (g)N 2(g)Perk<strong>in</strong> Elmer 2400 Series II
1.5mg < sample mass < 3mgT<strong>in</strong> cup
Sample carouselCombustionReduction
Cellulosic Ethanol Post-HarvestWheat ActivityWhy do it?Durham wheat
• Relevant national <strong>and</strong> globalconcern as related to energy <strong>and</strong>conservation of f<strong>in</strong>ite resourcesissuesEducational Benefits• Opportunity toconduct lab outsidechemistry build<strong>in</strong>g
Questions Asked:How big is an acre?How much energy is needed togrow an acre of wheat?How much does an acre of wheat(dry) weigh?How much ethanol could beproduced from the post-harvestbiomass?
Equipment Neededfor Fieldwork:• 300' tape measures• One meter length rulers• Portable quantum meters
How big is an acre?209ft209ft
Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR)April 2006 ~3pmUnits: µmol photons/m 2 •s
Daily Energy Incident on AcreE = ħυ where λ = 525nmc = λ • υE = ~7 x 10 10 J =2.5 tons bitum<strong>in</strong>ous coal =~490 gallons crude oil =~550 gallons gasol<strong>in</strong>e
80-100 wheat stalks/ft 213.2g/five stalks (dry)<strong>CHN</strong> data: 45.7%COne acre = 43,560 ft 2
How much does an acre ofwheat (dry) weigh?How much ethanol could beproduced from the post-harvestbiomass?
Student Calculations:Cellulosic biomass (dry): ~20,000lbsAvailable carbon * : ~9,150 lbsMass Ethanol: ~17,520 lbs**Volume Ethanol: ~2,650 gallons***: <strong>CHN</strong> analysis for cellulosic biomass = 45.7%C**: Assum<strong>in</strong>g 100% efficiency for simplicity
Image: e85fuel.com/<strong>in</strong>dex.php~2,650gal Ethanol =~1,770gal Octane 87 gasol<strong>in</strong>e **: Based on enthalpic density (Btu/gal) comparison
Anthracite or Bitum<strong>in</strong>ous Coal:Which Is Better to Burn?
Navajo Generat<strong>in</strong>g Station (NGS)Coal consumption:A maximum of 25,000 tons per day if allthree 750-MW units are runn<strong>in</strong>g at full load.http://www.srpnet.com/about/stations/navajo.aspx
AnthraciteMass %C: >90%Bitum<strong>in</strong>ousMass %C: 70-80%
Based on the <strong>CHN</strong> analysis whichcoal type- anthracite orbitum<strong>in</strong>ous- has the larger specificenthalpy (Btu/ton)? Offer anexplanation.
Which coal type releases more CO 2per ton burned? Offer anexplanation.
If anthracite produces more CO 2per weight burned than bitum<strong>in</strong>ous,then why use anthracite? Offer anexplanation.
Acknowledgements• Course, Curriculum, & LaboratoryImprovement (CCLI) grant (DUE-0310264)• Organizers of this regional meet<strong>in</strong>g• My lovely wife <strong>and</strong> our two children
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