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______________________________________________________________________________Owner’s Manualand Service BookletSerial Number: __________________________________________________Version 1.0Effective: 01/2012Updated: 01/20121

______________________________________________________________________________The data and statements contained within this manual may be changed without prior notice. Nopart of these documents may be copied or transmitted for any purpose in any manner or by anymeans, either electronic or mechanical, without explicit written permission from UP International.© 1995-2012 UP International2

______________________________________________________________________________Table of contentsWELCOME IN OUR TEAM ........................................................................................... 6SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS ............................................................................................. 7CORRECT BEHAVIOUR IN RELATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT ............................. 7DEVELOPMENT OF PARAGLIDERS .......................................................................... 7TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................ 8LTF AND EN CLASSIFICATION .................................................................................................. 9Target group and recommended flying experience................................................ 9Necessary skills for normal flights.......................................................................... 9Necessary skills for dealing with disturbances ....................................................... 9Necessary skills for dealing with rapid descent methods ....................................... 9Suitability for training ............................................................................................. 9Recommended Takeoff weight .............................................................................. 9TECHNICAL DATA UP MAKALU³ ............................................................................. 11CONSTRUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 12Airfoil Stabilising System² .................................................................................... 13CANOPY MATERIAL ................................................................................................................. 13LINE MATERIAL ...................................................................................................................... 14LINE SYSTEM .......................................................................................................................... 14RISERS .................................................................................................................................... 14UP BACKPACK........................................................................................................................ 17Adjustment of the backpack ................................................................................. 18Packing tips ......................................................................................................... 18BEFORE THE FIRST FLIGHT .................................................................................... 19ADJUSTMENTS ........................................................................................................................ 19Position of the brakes .......................................................................................... 19Speed system ...................................................................................................... 21SUITABLE HARNESSES ............................................................................................................. 22RESCUE SYSTEM ..................................................................................................................... 22USE OF THE UP MAKALU³ ....................................................................................................... 22AEROBATICS ........................................................................................................................... 22MOTORISED PARAGLIDING ...................................................................................................... 22FLIGHT PRACTICE AND SAFETY............................................................................. 23FLIGHT PRACTICE .................................................................................................... 233

______________________________________________________________________________PRE-FLIGHT CHECK ................................................................................................................. 23THE START PHASES ................................................................................................................. 23SPEED CONTROL ..................................................................................................................... 24Using the brakes .................................................................................................. 24Using the Speed System ..................................................................................... 24TURNING ................................................................................................................................ 25LANDING ................................................................................................................................ 25WINCH TOWING ...................................................................................................................... 25Attaching the towline release system ................................................................... 26FLIGHT SAFETY ........................................................................................................ 27THERMALS AND TURBULENCE................................................................................................. 27GETTING DOWN FAST .............................................................................................................. 27Steep Spiral Dive ................................................................................................. 27B-Line Stalls ........................................................................................................ 28Big Ears ............................................................................................................... 28FLYING OUTSIDE THE NORMAL FLIGHT ENVELOPE ........................................... 30BEHAVIOUR IN EXTREME SITUATIONS ...................................................................................... 30COLLAPSING THE PARAGLIDER ................................................................................................ 30Asymmetric collapse ............................................................................................ 30Cravatte ............................................................................................................... 30Full frontal collapse .............................................................................................. 31THE STALLS ............................................................................................................................ 31Deep Stall ............................................................................................................ 31Fullstall ................................................................................................................ 31Spin ..................................................................................................................... 32WINGOVERS ........................................................................................................................... 32EMERGENCY STEERING ........................................................................................................... 33FURTHER REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 33Rain-induced deep stall ....................................................................................... 33Adhesive logos .................................................................................................... 33Overloading ......................................................................................................... 33Salt water ............................................................................................................. 34MAINTENANCE AND CLEANING .............................................................................. 35TAKING CARE OF YOUR PARAGLIDER ....................................................................................... 35Packing the wing.................................................................................................. 35Paraglider fabric................................................................................................... 37Paraglider lines .................................................................................................... 37Storage and transport .......................................................................................... 38CLEANING .............................................................................................................................. 38CHANGING ASS BATTENS ...................................................................................................... 38CHECKS AND REPAIRS ............................................................................................ 40MAINTENANCE ....................................................................................................................... 404

______________________________________________________________________________Airworthiness Check ............................................................................................ 40UP Craftsmanship................................................................................................ 40UP WARRANTY ...................................................................................................................... 40National warranty conditions ................................................................................ 40International UP warranty .................................................................................... 41CHECKING THE UP MAKALU³ ................................................................................................. 41PACKING AND CHECKING OF THE RESCUE SYSTEM .................................................................... 41SENDING THE UP GLIDER AND OTHER UP PRODUCTS ............................................................... 42DISPOSAL .................................................................................................................. 42UP HOMEPAGE .......................................................................................................... 42SOME FINAL WORDS ................................................................................................ 43Attachments ............................................................................................................... 44Line Layout Plan .......................................................................................................... 45Luftsportgeräte-Kennblatt UP Makalu³ S-L .................................................................. 46Service BookletUsed by the UP Service centre in connection with periodic service ............................ 54Product registration card .............................................................................................. 58ImportantThe following symbols are used to draw attention to particular sections:WARNING!Failing to comply with instructions given here maylead to injury or death!BEWARE!Failing to comply with instructions given here maycause undue wear to, or even damage your newwing.NOTICEThis pictogram indicates a tip or some helpful extraknowledge.5

______________________________________________________________________________Welcome in our teamCongratulations on the purchase of your new UP Makalu³. UP International isrenowned across the globe for designing and building the finest paragliders available –paragliders characterised by maximum safety, performance and quality in everyaspect.Please take a little time to complete and send the reply card found in the back of thismanual. This way we can keep you informed of all new products and developments atUP, as well as any technical information about the UP Makalu³.We would also be delighted to hear any feedback you have concerning the glider. Thisis only possible once we have received your product registration, either throughcompleting and sending the attached product registration card, or by doing the sameOnline via www.up-paragliders.com>service>product registration. Your completedproduct registration is also needed should any warranty issues arise.If you have any questions regarding your paraglider or auxiliary equipment please askyour local dealer or feel free to contact us here at UP directly.Have fun with your new UP Makalu³!UP International Team6

______________________________________________________________________________Safety instructionsParagliding is an extremely demandingsport requiring the highest levelsof attention, judgment, maturity,and self-discipline. Due to theinherent risks in flying this orany paraglider, no warranty ofany kind can be made againstaccidents, injury, equipment failure,and/or death. This glider is not covered byproduct liability insurance. Do not fly itunless you are personally willing toassume all risks inherent in the sport ofparagliding and all responsibility for anyproperty damage, injury, or death, whichmay result from use of this paraglider.Please read this owner's manualthoroughly before your first flight with theUP Makalu³ so that you are fullyacquainted with your new glider. Thismanual gives you information on the entirespecific and general flying characteristicsof the UP Makalu³, but it does not replaceattending a paragliding school. It isimportant to note the following points:at the time of delivery the UPMakalu³ conforms to LTF NFL II-91/09 and EN 926-2:2005requirements (see certificationinformation later in this manual)any changes being made outside thepermitted range of adjustmentinvalidate any and all claims underthe warrantyusing this paraglider is exclusively atthe risk of the user; the manufactureror distributor assumes noresponsibility for accidents occurringwhile using it.it is assumed that the pilot is inpossession of the necessaryqualifications and provisions ofany relevant laws are observedwhen reselling the wing pleasemake sure you also give thismanual to the new owner. Themanual is an integrated part ofthe paraglider and is required forthe wing to keep its certification.Correct behaviourin relation to theenvironmentParagliding is a particularly naturefriendlysport. This makes it all themore important that we as paragliderpilots behave in a responsible waytowards both the environment and thepeople sharing it with us. Weencourage you to treat nature withrespect, to stay on marked hiking trailswhen walking to takeoff or hiking outfrom an XC landing, to avoidunnecessary noise, to never litter andto observe all local regulations.Please also make sure to comply withlegislation regarding protected areas,privately owned property or huntingarenas – this ensures the leastpossible friction in relation to otherusers of the great outdoors, to thebenefit of both yourself and the sportas a whole.Development ofparaglidersAdmitted; we're proud of our history.No other company in the free flying7

______________________________________________________________________________world can look back on such an expansivehistory as we can. The UP story startedback in 1970 when Pete Brock graduatedfrom the Art Center, a world famousschool for design and engineering inPasadena, California, and promptlycreated some of the most legendary racecars ever – the Daytona Coupe fromGeneral Motors was one – and then wenton to become fascinated by the emergingsport of hanggliding – at that timeprobably the maddest pastime of them all.After founding Ultralite Products heintroduces his first wing, the Dragonfly,and soon the new company becomesknown under the UP acronym..Pete Brocks spirit survives to this day ineverything we do at UP International – westill have our very own way of seeingthings and designing things. This entailsbuilding paragliders that are not only assafe as they come, they must also meetthe very high standards we set ourselves.Among these are the continued use of themost advanced technology available bothin the designing and manufacturingprocess, but also the feel, the handlingand the performance of the finishedproduct. All this because we're addicted tobuilding wings that will fascinate you. Agood paraglider is comprised of a numberof interacting factors of which looks, feel,handling and performance are but a few.Only when all these come together in thefinal product can we claim to have built awing that is homogenous and pleasurableto fly; and only then we're happy, andready to introduce our new UP baby to thefree flying world.Our gliders are developed using state-ofthe-artCAD software. Our programs allowus to do the initial flight testing in a virtualenvironment where we can simulate agreat many things before even assemblingthe first prototypes.Once we're happy with the newprototypes' behaviour in the virtualenvironment the program generatesthe templates after which the glider issewn. When a new prototype arrivesfrom our proto-building expertseveryone at UP is excited about theprospects of trying it out in real life.The practical tests may show thatfurther modifications are needed –these may be carried out on theexisting wing, or a new prototype isbuilt with the mods alreadyincorporated. In exceptional cases thismay continue through severalprototypes, for only when we're 100%satisfied do we submit our new wing totesting by the DHV. We owe it to ourcustomers, and to our own history, tobe particular about which productsearn the UP badge.TechnicaldescriptionThe UP Makalu³ was built to fulfil theexpectations to a modern, safe andfast Performance Intermediate wing.The launching is excellent and theperformance figures impressive.As with all UP products, the materialsused have been carefully chosen fortheir outstanding quality and strength,to guarantee a long and trouble-freeservice life.Further construction details, includingline lengths, are included in thecertification specification sheets, whichform part of this manual. Any technicalchanges will appear in the appendix.8

______________________________________________________________________________LTF and ENclassificationThe UP Makalu³ is certified to thefollowing classification(s): LTF09/EN BTarget group andrecommended flyingexperience“Thermal and XC pilots flying regularly andpossessing advanced flying skills. Wethink a minimum of 20-30 hours ofairtime/year is a sensible limit to set.”Necessary skills for normalflights“Due to the somewhat shorter brake linetravel, the reduced roll dampening and thedynamic handling, the flying and handlingbehaviour of paragliders in this classrequires advanced, precise skills alongwith the ability to fly instinctively andintuitively.”Necessary skills for dealingwith disturbances“The glider behaviour in connection withdisturbances requires somewhat higherskills than what is the case on LTF 1wings. The pilot must possess a certainamount of automated reactions and beable to react quickly to incidents. Werecommend making sure that you havethe skills to sense disturbances beforethey happen, and to deal with themcorrectly once they do. Of particularimportance here are adequate skills fordealing with asymmetrical or frontalcollapses. Should you not feel fully up to* recommendations by the DHV safety officerthe task we recommend visiting asafety clinic with your new wing.”Necessary skills fordealing with rapid descentmethodsThe behaviour during manoeuvres likespiral dives or b-line stalls in this classcan be demanding. The pilot shouldpossess adequate skills for the safeexecution of these rapid descentmanoeuvres. In case of insufficientskills or experience in this departmentwe strongly recommend partaking inan SIV clinic with the new wing.Suitability for trainingThe UP Makalu³ is very well suited fortraining.Recommended TakeoffweightThe UP Makalu³ is manufactured infour sizes. Each size is optimised forthe middle of the weight range, but canbe flown anywhere within the weightrange. In order to help you find theideal size for your weight we havecompiled the following practical tips:If your total takeoff weight is within themiddle 1/3 of a size's weight rangethen this is the size for you.In thisrange you will have the idealcompromise between dynamichandling and docile behaviour. Werecommend this wing loadingespecially for pilots mainly flying inflatland regions.Pilots finding themsleves in the middle,between two sizes need to approachthe process somewhat differently.9

______________________________________________________________________________Experienced pilots will generally know howthey prefer to fly, i.e. If they like to beheavy on their wing or rather would have alittle buffer upwards, and will choose theirsize accordingly.Pilots with less experience are likely toprefer the somewhat damped reactionsobtained from flying at lower wing loadings– this speaks for choosing the larger of therelevant sizes.And finally, pilots preferring more dynamicrides will want to load their wings up well,and will be choosing a smaller size.10

______________________________________________________________________________Technical Data UP Makalu³Größe XS S M LFläche ausgelegt [m²] 24,5 26,6 28,8 31,1Fläche projiziert [m²] 20,7 22,4 24,2 26,1Spannweite ausgelegt [m] 11,28 11,75 12,22 12,69Spannweite projiziert [m] 8,75 9,16 9,47 9,84Streckung ausgelegt 5,2 5,2 5,2 5,2Streckung projiziert 3,7 3,7 3,7 3,7Anzahl Kammern 44 44 44 44Gesamtleinenlänge incl. Bremse [m] 277,60 307,50 338,06 368,83Anzahl Leinen incl. Bremse 142 142 142 142Leinendurchmesser [mm]1,1/1,3/1,4/1,6Schirmgewicht [kg] 4,5 4,9 5,3 5,7Trimmgeschwindigkeit [km/h] 37 37 37 37Maximalgeschwindigkeit [km/h] 51 51 51 51Startgewicht [kg] 55-75 65-90 75-105 95-130LTF/EN Kategorie B B B BBeschreibungBasis Intermdediate11

______________________________________________________________________________ConstructionThe Makalu³: UP’s new Basic Intermediateis the perfect example of a wing combininggreat passive safety with total flyingpleasure. Thanks to the new HybridSynergy Profile the Makalu³ has superiorperformance but also the safety of a basicintermediate wing. This makes theMakalu³ the right choice for an unusuallylarge pilot group – in fact, pilots comingfrom almost all glider classes will have funon a Makalu³.Illustration 2: CAD-drawingmoment you inflate the new Makalu³you will notice a very high degree ofcanopy solidity – the wing transmits avery reassuring feel through the risers– but also a playfulness that will inspirethe beanie crowd!Reactions to collapses arereassuringly unspectacular, and theMakalu³ fulfils the LTF09/EN B testcriteria with flying coloursThese cahracterisitics make theMakalu³ the perfekct allround flyingmachine, apealing to pilots of quasi alllevels; the Beginer, the WeekendWarrior, even pilots stepping downfrom the higher classes.Hybrid Synergy ProfileWhenever we build a new wing weobviously strive to improve everythingabout it compared to the predecessor;not only performance, but also safetyand general feel-good factor. Thismeans that all new UP wings alwaysremain true to the basic values of UP(more performance, but safely!) but atthe same time they are eachcompletely new developments in theirown right.UP Makalu³The UP Makalu³, the predecessor to thenew model, was well-loved by pilots easyhandling. With the Makalu³ we wanted toremain true to that general descriptionwhile improving all parameters of the wing,and we also wanted to increase thedynamics a little. In order to reach thisambitious goal we had to design acompletely new wing. Right from theThe aerofoil is nothing less than thenext generation of the Hybrid SynergyAerofoil. The basic premise for thisdesign concept is to combine thecharacteristics of an intermediate wingaerofoil with that of an school wing –and the child of this union is a uniquenew Aerofoil with the best of bothworlds. The Makalu³ has theperformance of an EN-B wing and thesafety of a school glider!12

______________________________________________________________________________The best of both worlds – basic glidersand intermediate – a new design with thefollowing advantages:perfect performanceoptimal safetyaccurate handlingAirfoil Stabilising System²UP was first with the Aerofoil StabilisingSystem, an idea that has since beenwidely accepted in the industry. TheMakalu³ uses a modified version of thesame, and we have chosen to call this theASS². Instead of Mylar® the ASS²comprises a Nylon® batten that definesthe leading edge curvature and helpskeeping the cell opening open at all times.This Nylon® batten is insusceptible tobending damage and has no ageingproperties – it will normally outlast the restof the canopy by a good margin. Thismeans that the UP Summir XC² willretain its perfect launchingcharacteristics all through its servicelife. In the unlikely event that a battenshould break it can be replaced in afew easy steps – please refer to thechapter “Replacing ASS battens” forguidelines.Performance dataMain focus area during thedevelopment phase of the Makalu³was the improvement of the keyperformance figures in comparison tothe predecessor. We wanted a wingwith higher trim speed and better L/Dat all speeds, and through the use ofadvanced software we could begin tocompare on the virtual 3D models rightfrom the outset of the drawing process.Combining different software allowedus to draw a wing that at least in thevirtual world was significantly better,and the real-life refinement and testingshowed that the computer modelswere right.Canopy materialThe UP Makalu³ is constructed frompolyamide cloth, which is particularlystretch-resistant and durable, and isspecially treated for maximum UVresistance.After At UP we are always testing newmaterials to see if our wings canbenefit from new developments in thetextile industry. After comprehensivetests we have settled on the followingPorcher Marine/Dominico Textilematerial mix for the Makalu³Leading edge top: 9017 E32"Evolution Plus" (41 g/m²)13

______________________________________________________________________________ Trailing edge top: 9017 E38, (40g/m²) Bottom sail: DOKO-30DMF(WR) Ribs and V-Tapes: 9017 E29 (40g/m²)This mix comprises the best compromisebetween weight/bulk and longevity.Line materialThe lines used on the UP Makalu³ are allsheeted Dyneema® lines made byEdelrid. The following diameters areemployed: 1.1, 1.3 and 1.6mmt.A new manufacturing process in which thelines are pre-stretched makes these linesparticularly stretch-resistant, and theyhave little or no tendency to shrink. Theirbreak-load is noticeably higher than that ofcomparable Aramide lines, and they arecompletely unsusceptible to bending-cycledamage, unlike Aramide lines.Line systemThe entire line system is formed fromindividual lines, which are sewn andlooped at both ends. The single line levelsare connected over a special hooptechnology ("handshake") to prevent aweakening of the core and a loss ofstrength. The lines and stitching aresubject to rigorous production controls, toensure high and consistent manufacturingquality.The lines of each wing section consist offour groups and the brake lines:A-Level: AI-AIISplit A-Level : AIIIB-Level: BI-BIII,STIC-Level: CI-CIIIBrake lines : BRKIThe brake lines are collected at onemain control line per side. This controlline runs through a pulley attached tothe D-Riser and is marked with a blackdot at the point where it should looparound the D-ring. The brake is pre-setso that the glider is at 0 degree brakewhen the toggle is free. Please don’tchange the main brake lines withoutchecking the new length carefully at asuitable training hill before flying!The line bundles (A, B, C and D) arecolour coded for easy identificationand handling. All main lines of eachlevel are looped together and attachedto delta quick links, which areconnected to the risers. The quick linkshave special line collectors to preventlines slipping, and are secured using astrong thread-locking compound(Loctite©), to prevent unintentionalopening. After maintenance work thedelta quick links should be re-gluedwith thread locking Loctite©!RisersThe split A risers and B risers arecolour marked to improve groundhandling and B-lining/Big Ears.A Risers: RedA3 Risers (for BigEars): GreenB Risers: BlueC Risers: Black/no markingIn order to accommodate different pilotsizes the Makalu³ risers are lenghtadaptedto the canopy size – XS and Shave shorter risers than M and L. Thislittle detail improves the ergonomics ofthe wing and makes all the differentmanoeuvres (b-line, BigEars) moreaccessible to the pilots.14

______________________________________________________________________________The speed system is optimised along thesame lines.We use a very similar riser design for ourcompetition wings. They allow for veryhigh top speeds with low sink values andgive impressive stability at high speeds.Once activated the speed system pullssimultaneously on the A's and B's. Thismaintains the angle of incidence aroundthe leading edge and causes only minimalinfluence to the collapse resistanceproperties of the wing.Top speed is reached when the top pulleytouches the bottom extremity of the speedsystem, down near the karabiner.15

______________________________________________________________________________Illustration 2: UP Makalu³riser16

______________________________________________________________________________UP BackpackThe UP Makalu³ is delivered with a specialparaglider backpack, which fulfils thedemands of very high luggage volume andergonomically optimised comfort.We have built in an anatomical carryingsystem that allows an optimised loaddistribution for maximum comfort. The Sshaped shoulder straps allow fulladjustment and the detachable chest strapprevents the shoulder straps from slippingoff the shoulders.The load control straps attached to theshoulder straps can be set either loose, toaid ventilation, or tight, for extra stability.They should rise from your collarbone atabout a 45° angle.A hip belt is also incorporated to assistoverall comfort. If the hip belt istightened then the shoulder straps canbe released slightly to transfer the loadaway from the shoulders. The hip beltis fitted with stabilisation straps, whichcan be tightened to help stability, orloosened for extra freedom ofmovement. The hip belt is removablefor when packing size is critical, or thepack is being transported by air.It is important, especially when there isa long trek involved, that the backpackis adjusted for maximum comfort. Thefollowing advice should be consideredwhen packing.Illustration 3:UP Backpack17

______________________________________________________________________________Adjustment of the backpackWhen fully loaded, all compression strapsshould be tightened to secure the load inthe pack. All carrying straps should be setfully loose and the pack then put on yourback. The hip belt should be fastened andtightened to rest approximately in themiddle of the hip. Any slack should betaken out of the shoulder straps, and thechest strap should be done up. The loadcontrol straps at the shoulders and hipscan now be tightened to achieve thedesired stability.Packing tipsPacking the UP paraglider rucksackcorrectly will make it a pleasure to carry. Acouple of easy tips can help you get itright. Failing to follow these tips willadversely affect you carrying comfort.The centre of gravity of the load should beas close to the vertical centre axis of thecarrier, while also being situated as highon the back as possible. This allows for avertical posture and minimises theleverage of the load against the naturalposture of the carrier. It also helps byreducing the oscillations of the load whilewalking.The drawing shows the ideal loaddistribution in the UP rucksack. Loadedlike this the carrying comfort will beoptimal. Start by placing the heaviestitems close to the shoulder blades, withlighter items over and under this region.The lightest items should be placed thefurthest from your back.Do not fasten any objects to the exterior ofthe rucksack, as these are unprotectedagainst theft and can also get caught onprotruding points when entering or exitinglifts, cars or buses.Illustration 4: Ideal load distributionin the UP rucksack18

______________________________________________________________________________Before the first flightThe UP Makalu³ is delivered with a speedsystem, rucksack compression bag and –strap, repair materials and this manual.The manual may also be downloaded fromthe UP website. Every Makalu³ deliveredhas been minutely checked at the factory,and corresponds exactly to the wingcertified by the DHV.ATTENTION! The Makalu³ must betest-inflated on flat ground, andthe first flight must be carriedout by a professional, beforethe wing is delivered to endcustomersAdjustmentsThe UP Makalu³ has undergone anextensive development program andseries of flight tests to ensure that theproduction model exhibits the optimumcharacteristics with regard to safety,handling and flight performance.As with all products from UP International,the UP Makalu³ is manufactured to thehighest quality and precision. The linelengths of each glider are individuallychecked and recorded before dispatch.Under no circumstances should thelengths of the lines or risers of the UPMakalu³ be altered in any way.WARNING! Any change to theconfiguration of the wing willinvalidate certification!The only change allowed is tothe length of the lower brakeline. This should only be done byan experienced person.Position of the brakesThe UP Makalu³ is delivered from thefactory with what we feel is the bestbrake position for most pilots. But tallor short pilots, or those with a harnesswith non-standard attachment pointsmight feel it necessary to change theposition of the brake handles.If the brakes are to be shortened, it isextremely important to avoid theadjustment affecting the glider's trimspeed. There must always be someslack in the brakes when they are fullyreleased. This can be checked with theglider inflated above the pilot's head.There should be a noticeable bow inthe brake lines, and the brakes shouldbe having no effect on the shape of thetrailing edge.If the brake lines are to be lengthened,it is important to ensure that the pilotcan still stall the canopy (i.e. duringextreme manoeuvres or landing)without the need to take wraps.If you do feel the need to change thebrake line lengths, do so a little (3-4cm) at a time, and preferably whilst atan easy training slope. Checkespecially that both lines are the samelength, as any asymmetry will lead totiring and possible dangerous flyingcharacteristics.If you have any questions or concernswith reference to the brake line lengthsthen seek advice from either your UPdealer or directly from UPInternational.To tie the brake line onto the brakehandle use one of the following knots:The simple fisherman's knot or theBowline as shown in illustration 5 and6. These knots guarantee the leastamount of line weakening.19

______________________________________________________________________________BEWARE! Loose or incorrectbrake knots can cause seriousaccidents through loss of thesteering of the glider!Illustration 5 and 6:Fishermans- andBowmans-Knot20

______________________________________________________________________________Speed systemIt is important that the speed system isconnected correctly, and the lengthchecked, to ensure smooth operation inflight.The link between the foot stirrup and therisers consists of two cords and twobrummel hooks. The speed stirrup itself iscomposed of a foot bar and webbing withloops sewn on either end to attach thecords. These cords should be run upthrough the eyelets and pulleys on theharness to connect with the pulley systemon the front of the risers (see Illustration).This illustration refers to the UP harness,but many harnesses are similar. If in anydoubt, please ask the harnessdealer/manufacturer.The length of the cords should be set sothat, at full leg extension, the pulleys onthe risers are just touching each other.Any shorter and the stirrup will be difficultto reach; longer and the top of the speedrange will be unavailable.During take off it is advisable to fix theaccelerator stirrup underneath theharness to avoid any danger of trippingover it.Brummel hookfor combinationbetween foot bar andriserRope of speedsystemPulley rollerFoot bar with2 steps Illustration 7:Components of thefoot accelerator21

______________________________________________________________________________Suitable harnessesThe Makalu³ can be flown with anyharness with the main suspension point ataround chest height. The lower thesuspension points the more the harnesswill respond to weight shift.The recommended distance betweenthe karabiners depends on the pilotweight:80kg: 46cmThe harness design should alsoguarantee that it’s possible to acceleratethe UP Makalu³ up to the maximumspeed.Please note that different harnesses cancause very different wing characteristics inextreme situations (like increased risk oftwists with cocoon harnesses).Note that the height of the hang point alsoaffects the brake line length. If you have aquestion about your UP harness, contactyour dealer or UP International.Rescue systemIt is strongly recommended that you havea rescue system (reserve parachute) fittedat all times. In some countries it ismandatory, so check if you plan to travel.Make sure that the reserve system youhave is the correct size, and that you arefully conversant with it’s use.For fitting the reserve system, follow theinstructions of the harness manufacturer.allowed and potentially dangerous touse the glider for any other purpose.AerobaticsThe UP Makalu³ has not beendeveloped, constructed and/ortested for aerobatics use.WARNING! The glider hasnot been certified foraerobatics. Performingaerobatics with the UP Makalu³or any other paraglider can bevery dangerous. Doing aerobatics caninduce flying configurations wellbeyond the tested flight envelope, andcan lead to total loss of control.Aerobatics can also overload yourglider and break it in flight.Motorised ParaglidingThe UP Makalu³ has not been testedfor use with any kind of engine.If you wish to fly your UP Makalu³ witha motor please get in touch with themanufacturer of the engine unit, withUP International GmbH and with thegoverning body for ultralight flying inyour area, to check on certification ofthis configuration.Use of the UP Makalu³The UP Makalu³ has been developed andtested solely for foot launched and winchlaunched paragliding flights. It is not22

______________________________________________________________________________Flight practice andsafetyBoth of the following chapters (Flightpractise and Flight safety) describefundamental aspects of flying paragliders.In no way do they substitute propertraining, nor should any of the contenttherein be unknown to any pilot who haschosen to fly a performance paraglider likethe UP Makalu³.Flight practicePre-flight checkMake sure whenever you get your UPMakalu³ back from somebody else tocheck the glider very carefully if you arenot the only pilot flying it. Ask if there wasanything that could have damaged anypart of the glider, if the pilot has found anypart that needs to be replaced or if theynoticed any strange flight behaviour. Makesure you do the same when you lend yourglider to somebody else.A thorough pre-flight inspectionshould be performed prior to eachflight. A careful pre-flight checkis a must for any and allairplanes – also the UP Makalu³.Please apply the same care andattention before EVERY flight!Before every launch you should carry outthe standard 5-point checking procedure.It is a good idea to do the checks followingthe same sequence every time tominimize the risk of omitting something.1. Unpack and arrange your glider in asemi-circular manner. This shapeensures that the centre cells inflatebefore the tips. When unfolding yourglider, observe the wind directionand arrange your glider so that itis pointed directly into the wind.2. The lines must be arranged sothat there are no tangles and theA-lines are uppermost. Once thelines are free and untangled,check to make sure that they allgo directly from the riser to theglider without going over the topof the wing. Launching with a lineover the wing is extremelydangerous! It is also importantthat the brake lines are free andnot tangled.3. Next check that you have put theharness on correctly, and ensurethat both leg straps and the cheststrap are closed and adjusted.Also check the rescue systempins and deployment handle.4. Right before the launch youshould check the air space (alsobehind you).5. Once again check the winddirection before take-off.The start phasesThe take-off characteristics of theUP Makalu³ are extremelystraightforward. Only a gentle forwardpressure on the A risers is necessaryand the glider will inflate evenly andclimb above your head. The glider hasno tendency to hang back behind youor to overshoot over your head.With the A risers and the brakes inyour hands, have another look at yourunfolded glider. By stronger wind thestart can be facilitated if theUP Makalu³ is inflated solely with boththe internal A-risers (front A-riser).Make sure that you are centrallypositioned in the middle of the wing,and that the wing is facing into wind.23

______________________________________________________________________________The middle of the canopy is marked by theUP logo at the leading edge.Inflate the glider with a steady run andremember to position your arms so thatthey are a continuation of the A risers. Asthe glider comes above your head, youshould glance up to see that the entirecanopy is inflated and flying. TheUP Makalu³ has a low surge tendency, sothere is usually no necessity to brake tostop the glider from over-flying you.Directional control should only beattempted when the glider is aboveyour head. Excessive braking will causethe wing to drop back.Only after checking that the wing isproperly inflated do you apply slight brakepressure and accelerate rapidly down thehill. After a few steps you will reach flyingspeed and become airborne.NOTE: The decision to actuallytake off or not is only reallytaken towards the end of thecontrol phase. The pilotaccellerates their start run andis airborne. Depending on theinclination of the launch paddock it maymake sense to brake a bit in this phase.Once airborne and at a safe altitude thepilot slips into the seated position in theharness – WITHOUT RELEASING THEBRAKE HANDLES. If this is not possiblethen the pilot may hold both handles inone hand whilst assisting the seating withthe other.Speed controlUsing the brakesThe UP Makalu³ has a wide useablespeed range, coupled with excellentstability at all speeds. The speed can beset with the brakes to optimiseperformance in any situation.Maximum glide speed is achieved withthe brakes released completely,whereas minimum sink speed is withapproximately 10-15cm of brakeapplied. Further braking will notimprove the sink rate, but the brakepressure increases noticeably as theglider reaches minimum speed.BEWARE! Flying close to thestall point is very dangerousand should be avoided. Atspeeds below minimumsink the danger of enteringan unintentional stall or spin isincreased dramatically.Using the Speed SystemThe UP Makalu³ is equipped with avery efficient speed system, workingover a foot stirrup as usual. Byengaging the speed system the true airspeed may be increased by around 11to 13 km/h. Being familiar with the useof the speed system is an importantskill to have in paragliding.The speed system should be usedwhen you are flying through sinkingair, when trying to achieve best glide ina headwind, or trying to cover theground as quickly as possible. But it isimportant to remember that the gliderwill be more susceptible to collapses athigh speeds, so the speed systemshould not be used in extremeturbulence. If, with the speed systemapplied, a collapse occurs then itshould be released immediately. Somewarning of an imminent collapse isafforded by the tension felt in thespeed system; should the tensionsuddenly reduce then the stirrupshould be released and the gliderreturned to normal trim speed.BEWARE! All extremeflight situations, such as24

______________________________________________________________________________Turningcollapses, happen moredramatically at increased speed.Therefore the speed systemshould not be operated near theground or in noticeableturbulence.The UP Makalu³ has been developed tomeet the demands of intermediate pilots.The brakes have been designed so thatthe first 15 to 20 centimeter of travel willcause a soft and direct turning, whereaslarger movements will give the glider anagile and nimble feel.Brake input and amount of weight shiftinduced will define the radius and bankangle on the UP Makalu³, and will allow itto be controlled with ease. Using weightshift in combination with brake input willresult in flat turns with minimum heightloss and is in fact always the most efficientcontrol method. The radius of the turn isthen controlled with the brake linewhereas the bank is controlled throughweight shift.If needed the UP Makalu³ will turn verytight. To do this, apply some brake inputon both sides, then release the outsidebrake whilst applying further brake on theinside – this will reduce turning radius to aminimum.When brake input is increased beyondapproximately 50% on one side, the UPMakalu³ begins a fast and steep turn,which can be made into a steep spiral(refer to chapter heading "steep spiral").LandingThe UP Makalu³ is easy to land. Whilepointing into the wind, the pilot should flythe wing fast until approximately onemeter above the ground, and then applyboth brakes completely. When landing instronger wind, less brake is required.Landing from steep turns should beavoided due to the risk of anuncontrolled pendulum reaction.Winch towingThe UP Makalu³ tows easily. There areno special techniques that need to beemployed, but consideration should begiven to the following points:Especially when you are towing atan unknown field, make sure thatyou are fully aware of any localconditions and peculiarities. Askthe local pilots if you are at allunsure.During the launch, ensure that theglider is completely inflated andover your head before giving the'start towing' signal. If the glider isnot central over your head do notcontinue with the tow. Anycorrections attempted through thebrakes during this critical phasemay result in the canopy deflatingagain, or in the tow progressingwith a non-flying wing; if towtension is applied when the glideris not correctly positioned then a'lock out' or a stall could occur.Try to avoid large brake inputsuntil you are reasonably high.Emphasize weight shift if anycourse correction is necessaryclose to the ground.Do not try to climb steeply duringthe first part of the tow. Goodairspeed is essential.Do not use a towline tensiongreater than 90 daN at any timeduring the tow.All persons involved with thetowing operation should besuitably qualified and25

______________________________________________________________________________experienced. All equipment usedshould, where necessary, be certified,and a tow permit should be valid forthe field being used.Attaching the towline releasesystemThe optimal attachment point for thetowline release is always in the systems’centre of gravity. On a paraglider thatmeans the connection point between therisers and the harness, preferably rightonto the lower end of the risers. UPInternational has developed special towreleaseconnectors for the UP Makalu³ toensure the optimal connection betweenthe pilot and the towline. For safetyreasons we suggest that you always usethese connectors when towing theUP Makalu³.When using towline release systemsincorporating distance-tubes between therisers it is important to ensure that therisers are not pulled together by thesystem (use webbing loops designed forclimbing to increase the length of yourrelease system). It is also very importantto fit a bungee to the system that will keepit from hitting you in the face in the eventof a towline failureBEWARE! If you are using a frontmountedreserve system it is veryimportant to verify theunhindered deployment beforeevery flight. In case of doubtplease only tow using a textilerelease system.26

______________________________________________________________________________Flight safetyThe development of high performanceparagliders from square parachutes hasmeant vast improvements in speed, sinkrate and handling. But, at the same time, ithas also led to a requirement on behalf ofthe pilot for accurate, sensitive control andan acute anticipation of possible flyingconditions. Any glider, whether beginneror competition class, may collapse inturbulent conditions and you must be ableto react accordingly.Today you have a wide choice betweendifferent gliders in the UP range. The maindifference between the gliders is in thestability that each class offers. Beginnerwings react to turbulence less dramaticallyand are more forgiving when compared totop performance gliders, which have moresensitive, but less forgiving handling.Making the correct decision whenchoosing a new glider is most important;you should critically examine your flyingand your level of knowledge.A safe and efficient way to get used toyour new paraglider is by practicing yourground handling skills. We suggestfinding a suitable area, like a playing field,and with light to medium wind it is quiteeasy to practice inflating the glider andfeel the reaction to brake input, b-line stall,collapses etc.Before takeoff and whilst flying it is veryimportant to anticipate any likelyturbulence and fly accordingly. Look wellahead, and as well as looking for areasof likely lift, try and predict, and avoid,areas of sink and rough air. If you dofind yourself in turbulence then look forthe cause, and adjust your flight plan toavoid other similar places.Thermals andTurbulenceIn turbulent air, the UP Makalu³ shouldbe flown with a little brake to increasethe angle of attack and provide greaterstability. While flying in strong orbroken thermals, it is important thatyou concentrate on keeping the wingcentrally above your head. Do this byallowing the glider to fly faster whileentering a thermal, and by dampeningthe surge of the canopy while exitingthe thermal by braking gently.Flying fast is useful for getting throughsink or when flying into a headwind.The UP Makalu³ possesses a highinherent stability due to its constructionand design, however an active flyingstyle in turbulence will help increasesafety by preventing unnecessarycollapses and deformation of thecanopy.Getting down fastAll rapid descent manoeuvres shouldbe practiced initially in smoothconditions with plenty of altitude beforeyou need to use them 'for real'. It isimportant to distinguish between thethree techniques, and to know themerits of each.WARNING! All other manoeuvres,such as full stalls and spins,should be avoided as fastdescent techniques. Theyare not very efficient, andincorrect recovery can havedangerous consequences (aswith any paraglider)!Steep Spiral DiveA maximum sink rate of over 15meters per second can be achieved in27

______________________________________________________________________________a steep spiral dive, but it is advisable tobuild up gradually to these sink rateswhen you first practice spiralling.Getting the UP Makalu³ into a spiral dive isvery simple and has already beendescribed in the chapter regarding turning.When entering the spiral it is essential toinduce the turn gradually; if you apply thebrake too quickly you may enter a spin. Ifthis happens, release the brakeimmediately and let the glider recoverbefore trying again. Keep a steady tensionon the inside brake and observe theincreased angle of bank and sink rate. Alittle brake on the outer wing will helpstabilize the glider at a high sink rate.To recover from a spiral, simply releasethe inside brake. Do this gradually toprevent an uncontrolled steep climbcaused by the excess energy built upduring the dive. Be prepared for the gliderto climb a little and to damp out thesubsequent dive. Be warned that steepspiral dives are equal to high G loading onboth you and your glider!WARNING! Spiral dives withhigh sink rates expose thepilot and material to veryhigh centrifugal forces –incidents caused by pilotsfalling unconscious during spiraldives are not unheard of. Approach thismanoeuvre with caution. NEVER fly aspiral dive with BigEars engaged – thiscould lead to a catastrophic materialfailure!B-Line StallsTo induce a B-line stall, start from normal,un-accelerated flight. Reach up and takehold of both B risers, still with your handsin the brake loops, and pull downsimultaneously by approximately 15centimetre. The first few centimetres oftravel will be quite hard, but as theglider settles into the stall so the effortbecomes less.The glider will drop back a little as itstalls, and then centralize over yourhead. With 15 centimetre or so of pulla sink rate of up to 9 meters persecond can be achieved. With less pullyou will get a decrease in sink rate.The B-risers should not be pulledbeyond this point, as it may result inthe canopy entering an unstable phaseor going into a frontal rosette. Shouldyou inadvertently have pulled too fardown on the B-risers, simply releasethem a little again until the wing isagain stable above you, showing thecharacteristic deep crease along theB-level and being fully stretched outspanwise.To recover from a B-line stall, therisers should be released abruptly andsimultaneously. Doing so will allow thewing to re-inflate completely andresume normal flight. It is not unusualfor the canopy to dive in front of thepilot as the wing regains speed, anglesof up to 30-45° are not perfectlynormal. In this phase the pilot shouldNOT engage the brakes!WARNING! Releasing theB-stall too slowly, orasymmetrically, canlead to dangeroussituations. Always practisemanoeuvres underprofessional guidance and over water!Big EarsTo pull the ears in, reach up and gethold of the outermost A line on bothfront risers and pull them down,simultaneously, by about 20 to 30cm28

______________________________________________________________________________until the tips collapse. Keep these twolines in your hands, to prevent the wing reinflating.Once the wing is flying in the Big Earsconfiguration we recommend engagingthe speed system to about 50% of themaximum travel (more if higher sink ratesare desired). This reduces the angle ofincidence and improves the safety of themanoeuvre.We suggest keeping the brake toggles inyour hands while inducing Big Ears. Theglider will remain fully steer-able throughweight shifting during the manoeuvre. Thesink rates will be around 3 to 5 metres perSecond, depending on the number ofcentre cells still open and on the amountof speed bar employed) straight ahead. Toend the BigEars configuration, simplyrelease the A risers and disengage thespeed system, and the wing will return tolevel flight. Small collapses may becleared with directional changes and/orlittle pumps through the brake lines. Notethat we advice against performing extrememanoeuvres while flying in the BigEarsconfiguration.Inducing large Big Ears on the UP Makalu³when flying near its lower weight limitrequires great caution on the amount ofbrake input used, as it may deep stall inextreme cases. Should this happen usethe recovery technique described in the‘Deep Stall’ section.29

______________________________________________________________________________Flying outside thenormal flightenvelopeBehaviour in extremesituationsThe UP Makalu³ is designed to be veryaerodynamically stable. However as withall paragliders extreme turbulence orpiloting error may induce unwantedbehaviour from the canopy. To ensure thatyou are able to handle these situationscorrectly we strongly recommend that youattend a safety-training (SIV) clinic, whereyou can learn to master your wing outsidethe normal flying envelope underprofessional guidance.Safety training manoeuvres should onlybe practiced in calm air with sufficientaltitude, and under the instruction ofqualified instructors. We would like to usethis occasion to once again remind you tonever fly without a reserve parachute!The manoeuvres and possible flightconfigurations described in the followingmay occur following a conscious effort onthe part of the pilot, through turbulence orthrough pilot input error. Any pilot flying inturbulent air or making piloting mistakesmay end up experiencing these flightconfigurations and therefore findthemselves in danger, particularly if theyare not adequately trained to master them.WARNING! Mistakes during theexecution of the followingmanoeuvres may seriouslycompromise the safety ofpilot.Collapsing theparagliderAsymmetric collapseThe UP Makalu³ belongs to the newgeneration of paragliders that, as wellas having very good performance, alsoexhibit a high degree of stability. Wingtip collapses can almost always beprevented through active flying.Once an asymmetric collapse hasoccurred the pilot aims to maintainflying direction through weightshift andcareful application of brake input onthe open side.If the open side is braked too much itmay stall, and the wing will enter aspin – this is the classical recipe forcascading events (see the Spinchapter).In rare instances a wingtip may catchin the lines during asymmetriccollapses (see Cravattes here below).CravatteOur test pilots have found absolutelyNO tendency towards cravatting in allthe test flights the Makalu³ has beensubjected to. But under extraordinarycircumstances any paraglider maycravatte, and if this happens the pilotshould know how to deal with thesituation.The first step is to STOP any rotation,or, if this is not possible, to slow downthe rotation as much as possible – acravatted wing that is left to its owndevices may very quickly enter into aspiral dive of such vehemence that thepilot cannot stop the rotation any more.Once the rotation is under control thepilot attempts to free the cravatte bypulling on the (purple) stabilo line,30

______________________________________________________________________________perhaps in combination with pumpingaction through the brake lines.If neither of these approaches work thenthe experts may decide to try either a fullstall or a brief spin on the cravatted side –please note that these measures shouldONLY be practised during an SIV trainingover water.WARNING! Should the pilot beunable to control the rotation itis normally best to deploythe reserve parachuteimmediately. Uncontrolled andcravatted spiral dives are amongthe most dangerous canopy configurationsin paraglidingFull frontal collapseA negative angle of attack occurringthrough turbulence or from simultaneouslypulling down both A-risers results in a fullfrontal collapse of the leading edge of thecanopy. The UP Makalu³ will normallyreinflate quickly on its own, but can beassisted through the application of a lightdouble-sided symmetrical brake input.The stallsWhen a paraglider flies through the air alaminar and a turbulent airflow formsaround the surface of the wing. When thelaminar airflow along the top surface isinterrupted, dangerous flightconfigurations follow – we say that thewing stalls. This is most often theconsequence of attempting to fly with toohigh angle of attack.In more detail we differ between threedifferent forms of stall.BEWARE! Spin and fullstall are both dangerousand somewhatunpredictablemanoeuvres. Do not stallor spin your paraglider onpurpose. However it is very importantto learn how to recognize thesymptoms of a glider about to stall orspin so that you can take correctaction to avoid it happening.Deep StallThe UP Makalu³ has no inherenttendency towards deep stall. It willrecover from a deep stall broughtabout by over braking, by pulling onthe rear risers, or by releasing the B-risers too slowly after a B-stall, on itsown without any pilot input as soon asthe brakes or the risers are released.Should you however find yourself in adeep stall (as described above thiscould happen through flying too lighton the wing and pulling big ears) thesituation can be rectified bysimultaneously pushing both A-risersforward until the glider resumes normalflight. Avoid applying brake to one sideif you think that you are in a deep stallas this could lead to a spin.Always remember that practicingmanoeuvres where you fly close tominimum airspeed must only becarried out under professionalsupervision and with plenty of altitude.FullstallWilfully induced full stalls remains therealm of the true experts of our sport.The full stall is when there is no morelaminar airflow along the surface of thecanopy, and the wing has gone frombeing a wing to being just a bunch ofmaterial at the end of some lines.31

______________________________________________________________________________Once the airspeed has been reduced tobelow the minimum speed for the canopythe wing will stall. To the pilot it feels likedropping backwards, not unlike thesensation felt when a jester removes yourchair from under you when you sit down.In this phase it is important to avoidreleasing the brakes again, as this maylead to uncontrollable shooting forward ofthe canopy. In extreme cases pilots havefallen into the canopy through poor timedfull stall releases.In the next phase the canopy stabilisessomewhat above the pilot again. The wingtips will often tend to try to reinflate quiteviolently, and it requires considerableforce to maintain the wing in the stalledconfiguration.It is important to stabilise the wing abovethe pilots' head before releasing the brakelines. The pilot accomplishes this byslowly releasing the brakes until the wingis all but reinflated across the entire span.In this phase the wing will be movingsomewhat along the cross axis. The pilotattempts to release the last bit of brakeinput as the wing is surged forward – thiswill cause the wing to resume flight withthe least possible diving tendency. Pilotsshould note that timing the releasewrongly may cause the wing to dive quiteaggressively and be prepared to catch thedive.Test pilots have also tested theasymmetric release of full stalls on theMakalu³. This manoeuvre is ONLY forreference and should not be emulatedby owners.CAREFUL! The approach ofthe minimum speed isrecognised through thenotable lack of forwardspeed and thereby wind noiseand the extreme increase inbrake line tension. Up until the wingstarts to fall back the pilot may resumenormal flight by simply releasing thebrakes.SpinThe negative spin occurs when oneside of the wing is stalled whilst theother is still flying. This can happenwhen, if flying very slowly, one brake ispulled quickly to below the seat. Whenthe glider starts to spin, it will turnquickly around the vertical axis, withthe stalled side flying backwards. Torecover from a spin, simply release thebrake on the stalled side. The gliderwill immediately speed up and, mostlikely, suffer an asymmetric collapse.Recover as described above.If you suspect that a spin is imminentthen immediately release the insidebrake. The glider will acceleratesmoothly and resume normal flightwith little altitude loss.WingoversWingovers are induced by flyingalternating turns; each time letting thependulum effect increase the bankangle.BEWARE! The UP Makalu³ isa agile glider, and it is quiteeasy to get to anexcessively high angle ofbank in just a few turns.Practice wingovers gently atfirst, as there is a chance of quitelarge collapses at high bank angles.Also notice that a wingover flown withmore than 90 degrees bank angle isclassified as illegal aerobatics in somecountries!32

______________________________________________________________________________Emergency SteeringIf for some reason the UP Makalu³ cannotbe controlled with the brakes, for exampleif the brake handle has come off the mainbrake line, it can be steered and landedwith the rear risers. Be aware that, whenrear riser steering, the glider is a greatdeal more responsive to pilot input, andthe stall happens very suddenly.Further referencesRain-induced deep stallThere are two reasons why flying with awet wing increases the risk of deepstalling:First reason: A paraglider flying inheavy rain will soon grow significantlyheavier and thereby undergo changesin the centre of gravity and the angle ofincidence. This may lead to deep stalls.Note that older wings will absorb morewater than newer ones due to the coatingon older wings being more permeable –this means that the critical mass may bereached sooner on older wings.Second reason has to do with the actualrain drops on the top surface – if enoughlarge rain drops form that the entire topsurface is covered, but they don’t jointogether to either flow off or become ahomogenous mass, the surface willbecome so rugged that the airflowseparates and the wing stalls.This phenomenon has been observed onhang gliders and gliders for years butonly recently have we discovered thatparagliders may also be affected. It ismore likely to happen with new wingswhere the cloth is still highly hydrophobicand the drops thus do not penetrate butremain on the surface.We know from computer simulations andpractical tests that this is physicallypossible but we also suspect that itoccurs very seldom in real life flying.In both cases the brakeline travelbecomes very short and even smallinput may suddenly induce an airflowseparation; in some cases even a gustor a sudden thermal may change theangle of incidence enough to causethe deep stall.If you find yourself flying inunavoidable rain we stronglyrecommend that you avoid any suddenmovements or radical brakeline input,that you do not pull BigEars or B-stall,and that you steer clear of turbulenceand avoid a deep flare on landing.WARNING! Avoid flying invery humid air or in rain. Awet canopy may have veryunpredictable flyingcharacteristics, one of which isa radically increased risk of deepstall!Adhesive logosAlways make sure that your intendedlogo will not in any way influence theglider behaviour. If in doubt wesuggest avoiding the attachment ofadvertising logos on the wing. UPcannot be held responsible for anymishaps caused by intentional aftersaleschanges done to the wing.NOTE! The use of heavy and/orunsuitable sticky material forlogo work on the canopymay compromise thecertification and lead to theaircraft becoming unsafe to flyOverloadingThe UP Makalu³ is a very strongparaglider, and flying all the usual SIV33

______________________________________________________________________________and acro manoeuvres will not normallypose a structural problem. However,frequent acro training does accelerate theageing process dramatically, and UPrecommends having wings that are oftenused for acro or SIV-type manoeuvressubjected to checkups at shorter intervalsthan normally stipulated.Salt waterIf you do most of your flying near the sea,where the air is humid and salty, the wingmay age faster. In this case we suggestyou have it checked more often thanprescribed in this manual.34

______________________________________________________________________________Maintenance andcleaningTaking care of yourparagliderThe wear and tear that your paraglidersuffers depends on a number of factors;how frequently it’s flown, whereabouts inthe world you fly it, how much UV it getsand how well you look after it. Bear inmind the following maintenance points.Packing the wingRegardless of pilot preference werecommend alternating the packingmethods a little every time, especiallyaround the middle of the canopy, asthis area is particularly exposed tomechanical abrasion in the foldingprocess. We also recommend toalways place the canopy on thecompression bag before folding alongthe chord – this will protect against soilabrasion.Abbildung 8: Packschritte für den UPMakalu³2The ASS battens are insusceptible tobending damage. This means theMakalu³2 may be folded as per pilotpreference in the spanwise direction. Thepilot may opt to fold the wingtips towardsthe centre, to fold along each cell wall, orto use the now ubiquitous accordionmethod (see illustrations above).In order to prolong the life of the ASSbattens we recommend the followingprocedure when folding the canopy inthe chord-wise direction:35

______________________________________________________________________________Then proceed to fold from the trailingedge..,… towards the leading edge...Do NOT fold the leading edge insidethe bundleStart by gathering the two sides into anarrow “sausage”Instead, keep the entire leading edgeon the outside of the bundle, andsecure with the UP compression strap.36

______________________________________________________________________________Paraglider fabricWe use a top grade polyamide cloth tobuild our paragliders, which has a specialprotective coating against UV radiationand air permeability. The cloth will sufferthough; if it’s exposed to large amounts ofUV (i.e. bright sunlight). Do not leave yourglider lying in the sun for any longer thanis absolutely necessary, only unpack andrig right before launching and do yourselfthe favour of repacking right after landing.Modern paraglider textiles have improvedmuch in terms of UV durability but UVexposure remains the deciding factor of aparagliders' life expectancy. First thecolours start to fade, then the coating andthe structural integrity of the syntheticfibres begins to deteriorate.On UP gliders the coated side of the clothis facing inwards. This means that thecoating is subjected to less mechanicalabrasion while the porosity-limitingcapabilities remain the sameWhen choosing an area to lay out theglider before launching, try to findsomewhere that is relatively free of stonesand sharp rocks. Pay particular attentionto the top surface, where it lies on theground.Never step on your glider – stepping on itwill weaken the cloth, especially if thesurface beneath it is hard or containssharp objects. We recommend keeping aneye on spectators on launch. Many,especially children, do not fully appreciatethe fragility of the lines and cloth. It isusually easy to explain this to spectatorsand parents.When folding your wing please make surethat there are no insects caught inside.Many insect species contain acids thatcould damage the cloth. Grasshoppersmay use their sharp mandibles to attemptto gnaw their way out of a folded canopy,making it full of holes in the process.Beside they exude a dark and strongcolorant that will stain the cloth ifgrasshoppers are packed inside. Shoothem off before packing. Note that,contrary to popular belief theseparticular insects are not attracted toany particular colours.If the glider gets wet, then dry it assoon as possible, but not in directsunlight! If you pack you wing awaywet it may grow mildewy and, if alsosubjected to heat, the fabric fibres maybegin to decompose.A new wing straight off the shelves isoften compressed hard. Thecompression serves to reduceshipping costs but should note berepeated once the wing has beenunpacked and flown for the first time.Also note that, in spite of it being acomfortable seat, the glider bag shouldnot be used as such.Should you accidentally put your UPMakalu³ into seawater rinse it outthoroughly with fresh water and dry itslowly in the shade (see ChapterCleaning).Paraglider linesThe lines used on the UP Makalu³ arehigh grade Dyneema ® and Aramidlines from Cousin Trestec and Edelrid.Keep the following points in mind:The lines should be checkedregularly for damage.Please take care to avoidabrasion and damage to the lines'protective sheetingThe lines should not be knotted orbent unnecessarily.The main brake line at the handleshould not have too many knots.Each knot weakens the line.After any line over-stressing (treelandings, water landings and other37

______________________________________________________________________________extreme situations) all lines must bechecked for condition and length andshould be replaced where necessary.If any change in flying characteristicsis noticed then the lines should bechecked possibly exchanged.Immediately send your wing toUP International or to a UP certifiedchecking facility if you feel thatsomething is wrong!Storage and transportA paraglider should always be dry whenpacked, but this is particularly importantafter the last flight of the season. But evena completely dry wing should still bestored open in a dry, clean and darkplace. If you do not have room for suchwinter storage we recommend you openall compression straps on the bag asmuch as possible and leave the bag lid offso that air can circulate around the packedcanopy. Make sure no mice or cats maketheir sleeping quarters in you wing, andkeep it well distant from solvents andacids. Petrol and other petrochemicals isespecially abrasive for nylon and willdissolve the cloth if allowed near.The long-term storage temperature shouldremain approximately constant between10 and 25 degrees Celsius, and therelative humidity between 50 and 75%.Do not expose your UP Makalu³ toextreme heat (storing it the boot of a carparked in the sun). The heat may causemoisture to be pressed through the fabric,thereby damaging the coating. Hightemperatures in combination with moistureare a particularly volatile mix that willaccelerate the hydrolysis process wherethe fibres and the coating aredecomposed. The chemical compositionof the canopy material may begin tochange from temperatures as low as 60°Celsius !CleaningIf you feel it necessary to clean yourUP Makalu³ at any time then use lotsof lukewarm water and a soft sponge.More stubborn stains can be cleanedwith a weak soap solution, and rinsedthoroughly. Then leave it to dry in ashady but well-ventilated area.BEWARE! Never usechemical cleaning agents,brushes or hard spongeson the material, as thesedestroy the coating andaffect the strength of thecloth.The canopy will become porous andwill loose structural strength. Neverattempt to clean your paraglider in awashing machine. Even without usingdetergents the simple mechanicalabrasion will quickly finish the canopyand render it useless. Also avoiddipping it in a swimming pool; thechlorine will damage the cloth. If youMUST rinse the parachute, f.ex.following a sea water landing, do sowith a gentle spray with fresh water.Frequent spraying will accelerate theageing process.Changing ASS BattensThe UP Makalu³ uses flexible Nylon®battens to maintain the shape of theleading edge. They are insusceptibleto bending damage and very robust,but may in extreme cases becomebent or broken – fear not, for they areeasily replaced on-site! A small pocketat the top end of the batten allows it tobe released from the confines of thelittle tunnel it resides in.38

______________________________________________________________________________Push the batten back somewhat andrelease the end from the pocket, thenremove it entirely. Transfer the total lengthprecisely to the replacement material(supplied) and cut a new length. File theends of the new batten and cover themwith tape. Push the new batten into placeand secure.(ASS similar to Makalu³)39

______________________________________________________________________________Checks and repairsRepairs and periodic checksshould ONLY be carried out byUP, or by UP approvedchecking centres. Failure tocomply with this will forfeitthe certification. Consult:www.up-paragliders.com underService to find a check centre near you.At UP we invest our entire knowhow inparagliding into making the sport safer foryou. We offer a variety of services allcentred around safety to our customers.MaintenanceAll care and maintenance must be carriedout in accordance with UPrecommendations. To ensure that thishappens we strongly advise you to only letUP recognised service centres touch yourwing – this is also a prerequisite for theUP Warranty to be valid. So there’s a lotspeaking for letting UP, or a UP affiliate,look after your Makalu³!Airworthiness CheckIn Germany and Austria all paraglidersmust be checked according to thefollowing time schedule:2 years after the first flightEvery two years after that, or sooner ifprescribed by the UP checking facilityduring the last checkAfter 150 hours of flyingAfter 100 flightsThese limits have been set by the GermanFree Flight Federation (DHV) and makeno less sense for wings flown outside ofGermany/Austria. Contact your localdealer for information about thenearest UP approved checking facility.We will happily service the glider moreoften, if you feel that it is necessary.CAREFUL! If you notice newor unusual behaviour fromyour wing please hand itin for immediateinspection at a UP Servicecentre.UP CraftsmanshipIn order to ensure that your UPMakalu³ maintains its very highinherent performance and safety wehighly recommend that you employUP, or a UP affiliate, with any repairsor maintenance. Our service staff istrained and skilled, and knows the UPwings better than anyone.UP WarrantyConditions and extent of the UPInternational Warranty can be found inthe following pages. For furtherinformation please ask UPInternational directly, or you localrepresentative. The UP importer inyour country is always delighted toclear any questions with you.National warrantyconditionsIn some countries the local lawsstipulate different warranty rules thanthose outlined here. Please note thatthese local rules only apply in thecountry where you have purchasedyour wing. Information about localrules and conditions are available fromyour local dealer.40

______________________________________________________________________________International UP warrantyWarranty conditions:The international UP warranty coversmaterial- and workmanship faults and isvalid for 24 months from the delivery date.The UP warranty covers the cost ofmaterials and workmanship on glidersaccepted by UP to fall under the warranty.The UP warranty does not cover damagecaused by accidents, or by changes madeto the glider. Likewise, parts that aredamaged due to normal wear and tear areexempt from warranty coverage. Fabriccolour changes that do not influence thebehaviour or safety of the wing are notcovered by the warranty, and neither arefaults caused by the exposure to solventsor salt water, or plain incorrect handling ofthe wing.For any warranty claim to be acceptedthe following conditions must beadhered to:The paraglider was used undernormal circumstances and wasmaintained according to theinstructions given by UP International.Note that these include instruction forthe correct packing, storing andcleaningThe paraglider was only used inaccordance with its DHV certificationA complete logbook showing allflights, with duration and location,must be presented upon requestOnly original UP spares have beenused, and only UP, or a UP affiliateservice centre, has performed repairsor service jobs on the paragliderA complete, correct registration cardhas been filled in and sent to UP within14 days of the purchase. Note that youmay also register your paraglider withUP via the UP homepagewww.up-paragliders.com>service >UP Product registrationUP reserves the right to refuse anyclaims not honouring one or several ofthese conditions. However, in somecases an “ex gratia” settlement may beoffered.Checking theUP Makalu³According to German and Austrianaeronautical legislation (§ 14 Abs. 5LuftGerP) the owner of a glider cancheck the airworthiness by his own, orauthorise a third person (for examplemanufacturer/importer) to do this.To perform your own airworthinesscheck, UP International must give youa briefing. This briefing could be doneafter an agreement with UPInternational and is only valid for theUP Makalu³. The owner gets the socalled"Nachprüfanweisung" aftercompleting a successful checking atUP International.Should the owner decide to check thewing by himself, or employ a 3 rd partyto do so they must make sure thatUP’s guidelines are adhered to. Failingto do so will void the certification.DHV and UP International highlyrecommend that you let themanufacturer/importer or a DHVaccepted service company do thecheck of airworthiness.Packing and checkingof the rescue systemOnly by regularly having your rescueparachute repacked can youguarantee its flawless operation! Aswith the glider, the rescue parachute41

______________________________________________________________________________should be examined every 2 years byeither the manufacturer or an AuthorisedService Centre. We offer a certifiedservice for re-packing, checking andinstalling the parachute into your harness.We will also carry out any repairsnecessary, all fully guaranteed.Sending the UP gliderand other UP productsThe best way to send your paraglider,rescue parachute, harness etc. to ourservice team is in a stable box via post orUPS. Enclose a note of what requiresdoing (2 Year Check, repair, repack etc.)and also your daytime contact details. Wewill return your equipment either by post orUPS. Please indicate preferred method ofpayment (either bank cheque or C o d)/Should you require any further informationabout the services we offer, pleasecontact us at the address and phonenumber below. We are also able to giveyou information about your nearestAuthorised Service Centre, as well asother manufacturers who are authorised tocheck and repair UP gliders andequipment.Please make sure you follow yourfinished paraglider all the way to acorrect disposal, or send it back to UpInternational for correct disposal.UP HomepageThe UP Homepage gives youinformation about the latest news andproducts from UP. You will find anytechnical information and accessoriesfor your UP Makalu³, as well as manyuseful things that are necessary forflying.Beside paragliders, harnesses andflying equipment you will also find thenew “Skywear” collection with thelatest flying garments and the “News”section, which will keep you updatedwith all activities around UP.www.up-paragliders.comUP International GmbH-Abteilung Service-Kreuzeckbahnstraße 7D-82467 Garmisch-PartenkirchenEmail: service@up-europe.comTelefon: +49 (0) 88 21-7 30 99-0Fax: +49 (0) 88 51-92 92 60-16DisposalEven the best products have a limitedservice life, and once the end is at handthey must be disposed of properly.42

______________________________________________________________________________Some final wordsWith paragliding a fundamental new airsport has emerged; one that makesindependent flight possible for almosteverybody. The technical simplicity, themobility of the wing and the ease oflearning the basic flight techniques haveall combined to make paragliding appearsimple and straightforward.As long as you fly with the necessaryrespect for the demands and dangers,then these ideals of paragliding will befulfilled. You should decide for yourselfwhether conditions are suitable before youproceed with the flight. You should alwaysbe aware that any kind of air sport ispotentially dangerous if you overstep thenatural and physical laws, whether fromignorance or unreasonableness.“Probably there are only a few sportswhere success requires, besidesphysical fitness, understanding theprocesses in nature to such a highdegree - a fact which distinguishesparagliding as sport especially.”* Thecharm of flying lies in “understandingthe processes in nature”, because youhave to try again and again to fathomthe logic and fly with regard to thedecisions you make.If you want to realise the dream offlying, the dream of free movement inthe air, fly not to impress others - fly forthe sheer joy of it.We at UP wish you delightful, beautifuland accident free flying with your UPMakalu³.SEE YOU UP IN THE SKY –UP International* from Helmut Reichmann from the book"Streckensegelflug"43

AttachmentsLine Layout Plan ................................................................................ 45DHV „Luftsportgeräte-Kennblatt“ UP Makalu³ XS-L ........................... 46Pre-flight check sheet ........................................................................ 51Service BookletUsed by the UP Service centre in connection with periodic service ... 54Product registration card .................................................................... 59

Line plan

Service booklet

Glider- and pilot dataModel: Makalu³Size: S SM M LSerial number: ___________________________________________Colour: _________________________________________________Date of purchase: _________________________________________First flight date: __________________________________________Dealer stamp and signaturePilot (1. owner)Name: _________________________________________________Family name: ____________________________________________Street: _________________________________________________Town: __________________________________________________Postal code: _____________________________________________Country: ________________________________________________Telephone: ______________________________________________Fax: ___________________________________________________Email: __________________________________________________

Pilot (2. owner)Name: _________________________________________________Family name: ____________________________________________Street: _________________________________________________Town: __________________________________________________Postal code: _____________________________________________Country: ________________________________________________Telephone: ______________________________________________Fax: ___________________________________________________Email: __________________________________________________Pilot (3. owner)Name: _________________________________________________Family name: ____________________________________________Street: _________________________________________________Town: __________________________________________________Postal code: _____________________________________________Country: ________________________________________________Telephone: ______________________________________________Fax: ___________________________________________________Email: __________________________________________________Please verify that your UP Service Centre has correctly filled in the form!

1st ServicePerformed date: _______________________________Assignment Nr.StampService jobs undertaken:2nd ServicePerformed date: _______________________________Assignment Nr.StampService jobs undertaken:3rd ServicePerformed date: _______________________________Assignment Nr.StampService jobs undertaken:Please verify that your UP Service Centre has correctly filled in the form!

4th ServicePerformed date: _______________________________Assignment Nr.StampService jobs undertaken:5th ServicePerformed date: _______________________________Assignment Nr.StampService jobs undertaken:6th ServicePerformed date: _______________________________Assignment Nr.StampService jobs undertaken:

Product registration cardModel:Makalu³Size: S SM M LSerial number: ____________________________________Date of purchase: _________________________________First flight: _______________________________________Preflown by: _____________________________________OwnerName: __________________________________________Family name: ____________________________________Address: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Telephone: ______________________________________Fax: ____________________________________________Email: __________________________________________Dealer stamp and signatureCut out this card and mail it to UP within 14 days of purchase, or registeryour new UP Makalu³ via www.up-paragliders.com>Service>UP>ProductRegistration

UP International GmbHKreuzeckbahnstrasse 782467 Garmisch-PartenkirchenGERMANY