Annual Report 2005 - Westmead Millennium Institute

ContentsAbout Us 2 Chairman’s Report 3 Director’s Report 4Messages 5 Research Highlights 6 Infection & Immunity 8Cancer 14 Liver & Metabolic 18 Neuroscience & Vision 20Cardio-respiratory 24 Funding 27 Organisation Chart 28Advisory Board and Council of Governors 29 Staff List 30Publications 36 The Millennium Foundation 40Founding donors include: Australian Cancer Research Foundation,The Millennium Foundation, Robert W Storr Estate, University of Sydney,Staff Specialists of Westmead HospitalFront Cover: DNA Microarray technology allows us to look at all human genes (over 30,000) at the one time anddetermine which are involved in disease. Each dot represents a gene and the colour coding indicates whether it ismore, less or similarly active in a diseased cell compared with a normal cell.

VisionThe Westmead MillenniumInstitute will continue togrow as a world leaderin medical research withthe power to improvethe health of all mankind.Our Bench to Bedsidephilosophy will ensure thatour research outcomesare rapidly translated intobetter preventionstrategies, treatments andhealthcare for all.

Chairman’s ReportIn the research field,success is often judgedby the amount of grantfunding awarded to anorganisation by theirscientific peers. By thismeasure WestmeadMillennium Institute is oneof the most successfulmedical researchorganisations in Australia.Of course, the value of a research institution cannot be judged ina purely fiscal manner. The real benefits of medical research comefrom innovative scientific discoveries, which are then translated intotangible health outcomes.Westmead Millennium Institute (WMI) researchers have hadsignificant achievements in this regard. Basic research into themechanisms of viral and bacterial infection instigated thedevelopment of vaccines for genital herpes and gum disease,as well as developing protective microbicides against HIV. Researchinto pancreatic islet cell transplantation has led to a clinical isletcell transplant program that can effectively cure juvenile diabetes.Epidemiological studies into cancer and eye disease have resultedin earlier diagnosis of melanoma and stroke risk.In addition to enhancing health outcomes, medical research canprovide value in other ways. Medical research can contribute toeconomic growth and prosperity through the development of newproducts, new business enterprises and new high skilled jobs.Frustratingly, the benefits we can bring to the community arelimited by a lack of available research space and infrastructure.The Institute’s current facilities can not accommodate thecontinuing growth in our grant funded research programs.It is therefore with some urgency that I encourage the NSWGovernment to support the NSW Medical Research Strategic Plan.I would like to acknowledge those who have supported theInstitute this year including The Millennium Foundation Boardand staff, the WMI Advisory Board, Council of Governors, SydneyWest Area Health Service and the University of Sydney.Finally, I wish to congratulate all WMI researchers and those whoassist them for their remarkable efforts in 2005.Mr Paul Bell, Chairman, Advisory Board

Director’s ReportThis year, Australian researchexcellence was recognisedwith a major commendationto exceptional medicalresearchers with the awardingof Australia’s fifth NobelPrize for Medicine to BarryMarshall and Robin Warrenfor their groundbreakingdiscovery that the bacteriumhelicobactus pylori causespeptic ulcers.This deserving award highlights the respect granted to Australianmedical research both locally and internationally. We are amongstthe best in the world, and much of that success is upheld bypositive community support and strong partnerships betweenhospitals, universities and biomedical research institutes.Westmead Millennium Institute (WMI) has such a partnership withSydney West Area Health Service and the University of Sydney,and we honour these alliances by including for the first time amessage from our partners in our annual report. This partnership,and our collaborations with our neighbouring institutions in theWestmead Research Hub, has underpinned our increasingsuccess and allowed us to emphasise our translational researchphilosophy - lab bench to bedside research.As with previous years, WMI continued to expand in size,productivity and research success. WMI received 13 NHMRCproject grants, two ARC Linkage and Discovery Grants, and oneProgram Grant led by Prof Rick Kefford for much needed researchinto melanoma. This year also saw breast cancer researcher A/ProfChristine Clarke establishing Australia’s first comprehensive breastcancer tissue bank in association with other leading researchersand clinicians from around NSW. Professors Neil Hunter and NickJacques from the Institute for Dental Research also received highlyprestigious funding from the National Institutes of Health USA,for research into the bacteria causing dental caries.Our senior professors and research group leaders continue toattract numerous invitations to present at the leading internationalconferences in their disciplines. The success of the youngergeneration of researchers within the Institute has also beenrecognised through University promotions including ProfessorsChris Liddle, Jacob George and Associate Professor Graham Mann.This year there have been substantial changes in the Institutewith re-organisation into five research divisions of infectiousdiseases and immunology, cancer and leukaemia, liver andmetabolic diseases, neuroscience and vision and cardiorespiratory,and the admission of three large new centres.Postgraduate students are the lifeblood of most researchinstitutions, bringing youthful energy and enthusiasm to theInstitute. I am proud to report that over the past five years thenumber of research students at WMI has more than doubled.We now support over 100 PhD, Masters and Honours studentsdrawn mostly from the University of Sydney, but also from manyother universities around the state.Despite the high morale and productivity within the Institute we stillface a number of key issues. Our remarkable growth has placedimmense strain on research space and this has impairedrecruitment of senior staff and students. Whilst we are recognisedas being one of the best by our scientific peers, the significantcapital funding required for building expansion cannot be achievedthrough competitive peer reviewed grants. The solution dependsupon the support of the State and Commonwealth governments,universities and private philanthropy. Whilst all groups havedisplayed enthusiasm for supporting medical research, muchneeds to be done in order to bring New South Wales into line withVictoria, Queensland and Western Australia. Approval for the NSWStrategic Plan for Medical Research would provide this muchneeded capital funding.The other great challenge facing the Institute is the effectivetranslation and commercialisation of its research intobiotechnology. The formation of Biolink, a State commercialisationenterprise will assist us in educating and supporting ourresearchers and we are starting to see the fruits of our recentefforts to improve commercialisation of research at Westmead.I would like to thank both the Chairman of our Advisory BoardMr Paul Bell, and the outgoing President of the The MillenniumFoundation Mr James Wakim, for their admirable work in raisingboth support and funds for the Institute. I also wish to thank themembers of both Boards for their efforts and advice throughoutthe year.Finally, I wish to thank my fellow WMI researchers for all their hardwork and congratulate them on their wonderful achievementsthroughout 2005.Professor Tony Cunningham

MessagesFrom the Chief Executive,Sydney West AreaHealth ServiceMedical research is fundamental for ensuring Australian health andhealth care services continue to be amongst the best in the world.From the moment it opened its doors to the public in 1978,Westmead Hospital has possessed a strong culture of research,education and evidence-based medicine.In partnership with Sydney West Area Health Service and theUniversity of Sydney, Westmead Millennium Institute has grown onthe Westmead Campus to become one of the most successfulinstitutes in the country. As one of the founders of the WestmeadResearch Hub, WMI has also played an important role in drivingthe success and growth of medical research in Western Sydney.The strength of WMI lies in the linkage between research andclinical medicine - the bench to bedside philosophy. This two-wayinteraction allows new discoveries to be rapidly transferred into theclinic and clinical information to be used to steer research programs.Ultimately, this means staff at the frontline of our health careservices have access to the most up-to-date diagnostics,treatments and preventative strategies. Having an internationallyrecognised research institute on campus also helps us to attractthe best and brightest health care professionals from aroundthe world. This, in turn, means better quality of health care topatients now and in the future.For these reasons, we will all continue to encourage and supportWMI in their research endeavours.Professor Steven BoyagesFrom the Vice Chancellor,University of SydneyThe University of Sydney has an international reputation forexcellence in medical research. This recognition has, in part, beendue the success and innovation of the Westmead campus.One of the largest university teaching hospitals in Australia,Westmead was originally built to model the successful Universitycampuses of Europe and the USA, closely linking research withboth education and healthcare.The Westmead Millennium Institute has grown out of this model,encompassing both basic science and clinical medicine andemphasising the translation of research into better healthoutcomes. Researchers at WMI have made significant advances toour current medical knowledge, and also contribute strongly to thefuture of research through the support and mentoring of students.I have seen at first-hand the research achievements of WMI, andits remarkable increase in size and productivity. I was particularlypleased to see WMI researchers recognised for their efforts inrecent peer-reviewed funding rounds. In particular, the significantamount of NHMRC funding served to reinforce their position asone of Australia’s foremost medical research institutes.As a university of international standing, it is vital that we maintainour position on the cutting edge of research. Partnerships withinstitutes such as WMI have been instrumental in enhancing andmaintaining our profile in the global arena.The University of Sydney strongly supports medical research atWestmead and we are proud to partner WMI in their world-classresearch endeavours.Professor Gavin Brown

Research HighlightsInfection and ImmunityProf Tania Sorrell and her team created a new techniquefor the rapid and accurate diagnosis of life-threateningbrain infections. This technique, using MagneticResonance Spectroscopy, was named by the NHMRCas one of the ten best NHMRC-funded health andmedical research successes.The Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology,in collaboration with investigators from the Cancerdivision, Westmead Hospital, the National Centre forImmunisation Research and Surveillance and theUniversities of Sydney, NSW and Western Sydney wereawarded a 5 year NHMRC Centre of Clinical ResearchExcellence grant to improve outcomes inimmunosuppressed haematology patients.Significant advances were made by virus researchers intounravelling the molecular structure of the herpes simplexvirus as well as the understanding of the interactionsbetween HIV, herpes and varicella zoster viruses and thehuman nervous and immune systems. Researchers fromthe Centre for Virus Research commenced studies ontheir National Institutes of Health funded program grant (incollaboration with the Burnet Institute) directed towardsdeveloping vaccines and preventative strategies for thepotentially fatal viral diseases HIV and herpes.Studies are underway to test the efficacy ofantimicrobial adducts in the treatment and prevention ofcommon periodontal disease.WMI researchers were part of the International MultipleSclerosis Genetics Consortium, which in 2005completed the most comprehensive study of geneslinked to MS to date.The transplantation and renal group continued theirground-breaking work in pancreatic islet celltransplantation and the investigation of alternativesources of islet cells for treatment of Type 1 diabetes.This is the first and only centre in Australia to havesuccessfully developed a clinical islet cell transplantprogram. Prof David Harris and his team received ahighly competitive three-year research grant fromJohnson & Johnson Research to examine the potentialof using genetically modified regulatory macrophagesas a novel treatment for chronic kidney disease.CancerThe NSW Breast Cancer Tissue Bank was establishedby A/Prof Christine Clarke, Dr Rosemary Balleine and aconsortium of senior cancer researchers, clinicians andhealthcare professionals from around Australia.Melanoma researchers were recognised by significantfunding successes in 2005 with Prof Rick Kefford,A/Prof Graham Mann and colleagues from the SydneyMelanoma Unit awarded prestigious program grantsfrom both NHMRC and the Cancer Institute NSW.Crown Princess Mary of Denmark made a special visitto WMI in early 2005, hosted by major supporter, theAustralian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF). TheCrown Princess is interested in melanoma research asan increasingly important public health problem in heradopted country. ACRF also awarded a $1million granttowards new cancer laboratories to the WestmeadInstitute for Cancer Research.A new mechanism for changes in DNA repair elicited bya mutated BRCA1 gene in breast cancer was outlinedby the Gene Expression group. Research by the FamilialCancer group successfully directed improved screeningfor women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations.Investigations into the gene p14ARF indicated apotential new treatment target for chemotherapyresistantmelanoma tumours.

Liver and MetabolicThe NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellencein Liver Disease has successfully recruited over threehundred and fifty subjects for their clinical projects intoearly detection and screening for liver cancer andlifestyle intervention for patients with early stagesof liver disease. These ground breaking studies areexpected to provide new insights on the efficacy ofscreening for liver cancer in Australia, to improvetreatment algorithms for these individuals and toimprove the long term outcomes for patients withnon-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Researchers from the Storr Liver Unit began work ontheir NHMRC funded research program into themolecular and cellular basis of common liver diseasesincluding hepatitis C, hepatic fibrosis and non-alcoholicsteatohepatitis (NASH), the outcomes of which areexpected to improve our knowledge of thepathogenesis of liver injury.Researchers from the Unit published the first book onnon alcoholic fatty liver disease, the commonest causefor liver damage in developed nations.Research focused on bile acid metabolism andelimination has defined additional drug targets for thetreatment of cholestatic liver diseases anddemonstrated that different treatment approaches arerequired depending on the severity of obstruction to bileflow. This work, done in collaboration with the SalkInstitute, has yielded high impact publications inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA.Neuroscience and VisionAnalysis of retinal photographs taken as part of therenowned Blue Mountains Eye Study identified linksbetween retinal microcirculation changes and systemicvascular diseases including stroke.Researchers on the Sydney Myopia Study completedassessments of the prevalence of myopia and othervisual impairments in children aged 6-12 anddemonstrated that levels of myopia were muchlower than previously thought. Funding was receivedin 2005 to extend this research to young children frombirth to five years.Ground-breaking gamma phase synchrony (brainimaging) research demonstrated for the first time thebrain disconnections associated with first episodepsychosis and the onset of schizophrenia.Demonstration of a clear and early separation betweenschizophrenia and bipolar disorder, highlighting theimportance of early diagnosis and treatment in youngpeople with psychosis.The awarding of a significant ARC-linkage grant resultedin a novel collaboration between the Brain DynamicsCentre and the Universities of Sydney and NSW linkingbrain imaging with genetics. This will allow theidentification of disease polymorphisms, integration ofdisease phenotypes with genotypes and prediction ofresponse to treatment.Cardio-respiratoryThe Ludwig Engel Centre continued their world leadingstudies into sleep disordered breathing with newprojects established into the genetic basis ofobstructive sleep apnoea and the identification ofintermediate phenotypes.A new NHMRC funded project was established intoimproving the mapping procedures to determine theunderlying mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias. AnARC funded collaboration with the University ofTechnology began to investigate alternative energysources for the treatment of abnormal heart rhythms.

Infection & ImmunityCentre for Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyCentre for Virus ResearchCentre for Transplant and Renal ResearchInstitute of Dental ResearchInstitute for Immunology and Allergy ResearchThe Infection and Immunity division are investigating seriousinfectious diseases and pathogens, oral infection, organtransplantation, autoimmunity and other immune disorders.Research concentrates on basic biological discoveriesand the translation of these discoveries into new techniques,treatments, diagnostics and vaccines.

Centre for Infectious Diseasesand Microbiology (CIDM)Fungal pathogenesis and evolutionThe fungal pathogenesis group discovered novel domains (“rafts”) inthe membrane of Cryptococcus that act to concentrate an enzymecalled phospholipase B (PLB). PLB is a key virulence factorresponsible for dissemination of cryptococcal infection (resulting inserious brain infection and meningitis) in the host. The molecularmycology group has produced further information on the evolutionof fungi within the Cryptococcus complex. In collaboration withresearchers in the Netherlands, it has been demonstrated thatCryptococcus gattii is likely to have originated in Australia beforeevolving and spreading via the old world to Canada, where it causeda large and serious disease outbreak. Future plans for these groupsinclude expanding investigations of fungal lipid and phospholipidbiosynthetic pathways using Cryptococcus neoformans as a model,to understand the biology of this fungus as a possible target forantifungal drug development and to continue our internationalcollaborations on the molecular genetics of the cryptococcal speciescomplex to better understand fungal evolution and phylogeny.Antifungal drug developmentThis project involves a collaboration between CIDM Biomed and DrKate Jolliffe, of the Department of Chemistry, University of Sydney.Three families of potential antifungal drugs have been identified andsynthesised, structure-function and toxicity studies are underwayand one family of compounds, which inhibit fungal PLB, has beenpatented to date. A fruitful collaboration with a commercial companyto test synthetic derivatives of one of the lead compounds,miltefosine, has been established. In 2006, a new NHMRC projectgrant will enable this group to continue to synthesise newcompounds with improved activity and reduced toxicity in order toimprove outcomes for patients with serious fungal infections.Bacterial pathogenesisThis group aims to elucidate the pathogenesis of bacteria includingBartonella, a unique organism that is common in stray cats but canalso infect humans. Researchers established an artificial insectvector colony (in collaboration with Dept Medical Entomology andUK researchers) and examined the Bartonella virulencerequirements for wild-type infections in insect, feline, and humanhosts. In collaboration with overseas partners they developed newinsights into the unique intracellular trafficking and survival ofBartonellae in phagocytes and identified new virulence factors. Thisgroup will continue to explore the genetic basis for virulence,resistance and gene transmission in model Gram-negative bacteria,with a view to modelling the evolution of populations in real timeand predicting their behaviour under selection pressure.Considerable preliminary work has been completed and will formthe basis for NHMRC and NIH applications in 2006.Novel nucleic-acid based diagnosticsThe discovery of the genetic basis for extreme antibiotic resistancein Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria have led todevelopment of new tests which are ready to apply in the criticalcare setting. This includes an integrated multicentre study of theimpact of rapid diagnostics on prescribing (ANZIC foundation grantOctober 2005) and the development of a new system to rapidlyidentify and quantify multiple simultaneous microbial targets,including influenza virus, funded as urgent research by the NHMRCin December 2005.Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)spectroscopyThe great potential of this method of diagnosis based onbiochemical profiles was confirmed in human and animal modelstudies of meningitis. Further studies have shown that NMRspectroscopy is a rapid and cost-effective high throughput platformthat could be used in a microbiology laboratory for identification offungal species and potentially, for faster antifungal susceptibilitytesting. The work achieved an invited presentation and was wellreceived at the prestigious Interscience Conference on AntimicrobialAgents and Chemotherapy in Washington DC, in December 2005.The potential of NMR spectroscopy and multiplexed real-timegenetic methodology in infectious diseases diagnosis and in themicrobiology laboratory will be investigated in 2006 as a means ofrapid and accurate diagnosis that could lead to early therapy andimproved outcomes.Antibiotic resistance and alternativeantibiotic strategiesAntibiotic resistance in hospitals is associated with enormouseconomic costs and loss of life. Amplification of this problemparticularly occurs in the critically ill populations such as ICU. In2005 this group established a unique study into the effects ofantibiotic cycling on resistance in the microflora in two majorAustralian ICUs. They also developed rapid detection methods forinfection control screening that are suitable for automateddiagnostic platforms. Researchers identified the genetic basis andtransmissibility characteristics for emergent carbapenem resistancein Gram-negative bacteria in Australia, which have been publishedin international journals and presented at premier national andinternational conferences. In collaboration with other Sydneyresearchers, preliminary investigations have also begun into thetesting of quorum-sensing inhibitors in invasive ICU devices(AusIndustry IPIC grant), the microbiology of human probioticformulations (through to the final round of AusIndustry grantprocess), and the antibacterial activities of ion channel inhibitors forresistant CF pathogens (developmental stages). Modelling ofbacterial population evolution under selection pressure and theimpact of real-time diagnostics in the critically ill will be a primaryfocus in the future.

NHMRC Centre of Clinical ResearchExcellence to improve outcomes inimmuno-suppressed haematology patientsThis prestigious 5-year grant was awarded to CIDM in collaborationwith the Haematology Department of Westmead Hospital, theNational Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance andresearch groups from the Universities of Sydney, New South Walesand Western Sydney. In the first year projects in prevention,diagnostics and ethical issues have been initiated, and five PhDstudents will be in place in 2006. Involving infectious diseases,haematology and ethics research, this centre aims are to improveoutcomes in immuno-suppressed haematology patients andprovide multidisciplinary research training in these areas.Centre for Virus ResearchHerpes simplex virus immunologyHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infection causing primarily cold soreand genital herpes are widespread in the Australian community,with an estimated 60-80% of adults infected with HSV-1 and 10-20% infected with HSV-2. Our group focuses on two main areas:examining the interaction of HSV and specialized immune cellssuch as dendritic cells (DC) and T cells and determining proteintargets for T cells directed against virus-infected cells. In the pastyear, we have extended our efforts in mapping out the mechanismsof HSV interference with DC, the key cell type responsible foralerting the immune system to act against the impending infection.In addition, we have been defining peptide antigens for CD4 T cellswhich have a pivotal role in HSV infection, aiming to improvepresent genital herpes vaccine candidates.Herpes simplex protein interactionThe work of this group involves elucidating the way in which herpessimplex virus assembles and moves within human nerve cells.Understanding such biological processes will allow development ofnew antiviral drugs as well as a novel viral gene therapy vector fortreatment of various neurological disorders. This group haspublished in the Journal of Biological Chemistry an article definingone possible way in which the virus moves along human nervecells. This movement depends on an interaction between a herpesviral protein VP26 and a cellular molecular motor dynein. This nowpaves the way for development of a minimal gene delivery vectorbased on the herpes viral protein VP26.HIV protein functions and interactionsThe primary goal of this group is to understand the function ofseveral HIV proteins on a molecular level, with the long term aim ofidentifying novel antiviral therapeutics. Research projects includethe elucidation of nuclear import of the HIV pre-integration complex(PIC) in collaboration with Prof David Jans at Monash University,understanding the role and function of Vpr isolated from AIDSpatients and in AIDS pathogenesis, investigation of the role of thecytoplasmic tail of the HIV glycoprotein 41, and determining the roleof methylation in HIV replication in collaboration with Dr. DavidHarrich at the Queensland Institute of Medical Research. During2005, members of this group attended several national meetingsand presented virology lectures at the University of Sydney. GroupLeader, Dr Sabine Piller, was invited to be the guest editor for aspecial issue of Current Drug Targets to be published in 2006.HIV molecular pathogenesisThis group aims to understand the very early interactions of the HIVvirus with host cells of the body, predominantly human dendritic cells(DCs). These are likely to be one of the first cells to come intocontact with HIV within the genital tract. In 2005, this grouppublished the importance of the C type lectin receptors (CLRs), afamily of receptors found on the surface of the DCs that HIV uses tobind to and gain entry into the cell. They also developed a modelcell which mimics Langerhan cells in the skin and vaginal mucosacreating a very useful tool for future studies. Additionally researchersdescribed both infection rates within these cell populations andexamined the kinetics of virus degradation and dissemination.As a result of this research this group is targeting the CLRs on thevarious DC populations to develop novel strategies to interfere withthis mechanism using either soluble receptors as decoys binding tothe virus and/or by direct antagonism of the HIV binding receptorsusing small molecules. Initial studies indicate that if we can preventinfection, we can reduce or even prevent viral trafficking at a veryearly stage of infection. In parallel this group continues to search forother novel HIV binding receptors as potential drug targets andmaintain research examining global gene changes that HIV induceson the host cell using DNA microarray technology. Such studies giveinsights as to how HIV infection subverts the host cell and impairsthe function of the immune system.Retroviral geneticsThe Retroviral Genetics Laboratory is working on several key areasof HIV pathogenesis and diagnostics. Firstly, they are focussing onmechanisms of HIV disease progression and factors influencing thenatural control of HIV in a subset of HIV-infected individuals whosurvive for several years without antiretroviral treatment. The maingoal is to identify the innate immune factors conferring advantage tohost survival and also to define how some of the innate factors,such as CD8 antiviral factors, deteriorate during treatment and itsimplications in anti-HIV treatment. Secondly, this group is studyinghow HIV-1 strains interact with each other to generate additive andsynergistic effects and form fitter HIV variants. These studies mayexplain how recombination in HIV strains provides advantage infavour of virulence, transmission and efficient dispersal. Thirdly, theyare characterizing molecular traits of viruses from the brain of HIVinfectedindividuals with and without dementia. Identification of thesetraits may define neurotropism of HIV, which plays a significant rolein HIV dementia. The lab is also actively engaged in studying anddeveloping diagnostic tools for the detection of viruses such asSARS, avian influenza and HIV, using new technologies.

Viral immunobiology and apoptosisSpecialized white blood cells (lymphocytes) have an amazingcapacity to expand in number in order to counter a virus infection,and then to contract, after the resolution of the infection. The criticalcontrol factors that regulate these processes are the focus of thisgroup’s research. Understanding what regulates expansion andcontraction within the immune system is vital for the design ofvaccines, for using cells for immunotherapy treatments, and fordeveloping therapies for autoimmune disorders such as lupus, MSand arthritis. This group has discovered a key role for deathinducingcytokines (Tumour Necrosis Factor, TRAIL and Fas Ligand)in controlling these processes, and simultaneously identified a newmechanism of how viruses like Smallpox control these processesthrough the production of a viral death-receptor homologue.Cytomegalovirus researchThe research program of this group focuses on determining themolecular mechanisms underlying infection and disease caused byhuman cytomegalovirus (CMV). They aim to provide a much betterunderstanding of how CMV functions in order to provide a rationalbasis for the development of therapies to limit the seriousconsequences of CMV disease in transplant recipients. This virus isa member of the Herpesvirus family of viruses that infects most ofthe population. Although disease in healthy individuals is usuallymild, CMV causes very serious, sometimes fatal disease inimmunocompromised individuals such as bone marrow and solidorgan transplant recipients. CMV is also the leading infectiousdisease cause of serious disease in neonates, includingneurological damage such as deafness and mental retardation. TheCMV Research Group is currently identifying viral genes expressedduring the different phases of infection to determine how CMVfunctions to facilitate disease. This work has led to a number ofpublications in prestigious international journals and the awarding ofa number of highly competitive NHMRC grants (both project andprogram grant funding).Varicella zoster virusThe varicella zoster virus (VZV) research lab focuses on manyaspects of the immunobiology and pathogenesis of VZV.Researchers work with a human herpesvirus which infects up to90% of the population and causes chickenpox (varicella)predominantly in childhood and shingles (herpes zoster) in middleto old age people. Whilst VZV usually causes relatively mild diseasein healthy individuals, VZV still causes significant morbidity inchildren and adults. VZV causes life-threatening disease inimmunocompromised individuals such as patients who are elderlyor have HIV disease. Herpes zoster affects many elderly individualsand a major complication is prolonged severe pain or post-herpeticneuralgia (PHN), both severely debilitating and which often requiresfollow-up medical care for months or years after the initial attack.Despite its significant impact on the community, little is knownabout the molecular details of how this virus functions. The VZVresearch lab with NHMRC project grant funding and internationalcollaborators aim to improve our understanding of how VZVinfection affects specialised human cells in order to make furtheradvances in antiviral therapies as well as improve vaccine designfor the treatment or prevention of VZV disease and the cripplingcomplication of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN).NHMRC Program Grant in viral infections ofglobal importanceThis program grant consists of a consortium of biomedicalresearchers from the Westmead Millennium Institute, BurnetInstitute, the University of New South Wales and Alfred Hospital tostudy basic aspects of HIV and Herpesvirus biology ultimatelyaimed at developing new therapies, diagnostics and vaccines. Thesix chief investigators in Sydney and Melbourne bring together agroup of over 40 investigators and postgraduate students.Australian Centre for HIV and HepatitisVirology Research (ACH2)The Australian Centre for HIV and Hepatitis Virology Research isfunded by the Population Health Division of the CommonwealthDepartment of Health for the purpose of translating biomedicalresearch in HIV and Hepatitis C into healthcare and biotechnologyoutcomes, filling a niche of early proof of concept funding. Thesecond aim is to provide laboratory support in virology andimmunology for clinical research in HIV and Hepatitis C in Australia.Success is measured by patents, healthcare initiatives,commercialisation agreements and NHMRC Development andARC Linkage Grants. The Directorate of the Centre is based at theWestmead Millennium Institute but collaborates closely with theBurnet Institute in Melbourne. It disperses over $2 million annuallyto researchers in virology and immunology around Australia.Centre for Transplant andRenal ResearchNHMRC Centre of Clinical ResearchExcellence in Renal Medicine and PancreaticIslet Cell TransplantationCurrently this unit is the first and only centre in Australia to havesuccessfully developed a clinical pancreatic islet cell transplantprogram. This has resulted from a decade of pancreatic islet celltransplant research which has allowed us to develop thetechniques necessary to isolate quality islets for clinical use. It isa true indication of our bench-to-bedside research philosophy.The initial pilot trial involved six patients that had severe metaboliccomplications from their diabetes. Five of the six had markedimproved metabolic outcomes after successful pancreatic islettransplantation and three patients no longer required insulininjections for periods of time. Two of the patients remained offinsulin injections for more than two years. This initial successresulted in the Federal Government allocating more than $30million

to Type I diabetes research in the country. A large proportion ofthis has been dedicated to a formal clinical trial of pancreatic isletcell transplantations. Our unit has submitted an ambitiousproposal to further our studies in this area.Pancreatic Islet Xenotransplantation ResearchCurrently pancreatic islet cell transplantation is the only known curefor Type I diabetes. If this therapy is to become more effective andmore wide spread it will be necessary to find an alternative sourceof insulin producing cells. In collaboration with researchers inMelbourne and Adelaide we are investigating the use of pigpancreatic islet cells for future transplantation in human patients.Our current research is focused on understanding the mechanismsof early islet cell loss. This appears to be due to a combination ofclotting and early cellular rejection. Our data would suggest thatproducing pigs whose islet cells express several human proteinsthat regulate clotting and rejection may be sufficient to allow thistissue to be used safely in patients. This information has been usedto develop a new line of pigs that have been genetically modifiedso that they may be better suited to clinical transplantation.Australia is the world leader in pig transgenesis and this ambitiouscollaborative project between four research institutes is makingsubstantial progress in the development of pig islet cellxenotransplantation.Transplantation Immunity and ToleranceThe aim of this group is to better understand the mechanisms ofrejection of pancreatic islet xenografts and to develop novelstrategies for suppressing this immune response. The group hasmade several novel findings in understanding the role macrophagesplay in the rejection of pig islet grafts. In particular we have shownthat macrophages have surprisingly specific and sophisticatedrecognition response for identifying pig tissue. At present work inthis area is focusing on understanding the molecular mechanismsresponsible for this recognition. In particular we have focused on agroup of macrophage receptors called toll receptors and havefound that they have an important role in regulating macrophagerecognition of pig tissue. The group is also investigating novelstrategies to induce tolerance to transplanted islet tissue and tofurther reduce the requirement for long-term immunosuppression.In particular they are focusing on the role of a regulatory T cellcalled CD4CD25+ T cells. They have found that these cells arecapable of inducing tolerance to islet allografts and have beguninvestigating their role in maintaining tolerance to pig islet cells.The ultimate aim is to develop a cell based therapy which can beused to suppress rejection and reduce requirements forimmunosuppression.Chronic Allograft Nephropathy ResearchThe aim of this group is to increase our knowledge about themechanisms for the long-term loss of renal transplants. Currenttreatment strategies are very good at preventing acute cellularrejection but over time renal transplants are still lost to a complexprocess known as Chronic Allograft Nephropathy. The group hasbeen at the forefront of this research internationally and by studyingprotocol biopsies has identified several novel factors responsible forthis chronic graft loss. The focus of the group now is to understandthe molecular mechanisms responsible for this loss and to identifyimportant factors that promote this molecular ‘footprint’.This investigation is done by using genomics or gene chips whichallows us to study the role of thousands of genes from renaltransplant biopsy specimens that have been taken at designatedtime points. Preliminary findings suggest that these genes areupregulated quite early after transplantation and their activation ismaintained over time. The ultimate aim is to identify a geneticfootprint that would identify patients at increased risk of chronicallograft nephropathy. Ultimately it could be used to monitor theeffect of novel therapies used to treat this condition.Renal Failure ResearchThe aim of this group is to increase knowledge about the role oftubular interstitial injury in kidney damage and to define newtreatment strategies for progressive chronic renal disease. Inparticular, our experiments concentrate on investigating howdifferent inflammatory molecules and cells interact with the renalinterstitium in human and animal models, with a view to developinga DNA vaccination against these molecules as an innovativetherapeutic strategy. In collaboration with other research centres,the IDEAL (Initating Dialysis Early and Late) trial aims to determinethe ideal time to commence dialysis for end-stage renal disease,and is progressing well with 90% of the patients required recruitedto the study.Kidney Regeneration GroupThis group is investigating the role of cell cycle regulatory proteinsand other intracellular signal transduction pathways in mediatingkidney tubular epithelial cell growth and atrophy. The longtermgoal is to develop new therapeutic approaches to correct abnormaltissue growth and regeneration in chronic kidney disease.Institute of Dental ResearchProteomics and structural genomics oforal pathogensResearchers at the Institute of Dental Research have completed acomprehensive study of the proteomes of the oral pathogenStreptococcus mutans and the commensal Streptococcus gordoniiunder planktonic and biofilm growth conditions. Several candidateproteins have been identified and implicated in the growth of

streptococcal biofilms. They are now targeting these specificproteins that are differentially expressed in these conditions with aview to controlling this pathogenic organism that is stronglyimplicated in the initiation of dental caries. In conjunction with thebiofilm studies of S.gordonii, researchers are also investigating thegrowth and nutritional requirements of this bacterium when it actsas a pathogen in the disease infective endocarditis. Using astructural genomics approach, the objective is to design specificinhibitors as adjuncts in therapy.Polymicrobial aetiology of caries progressionA molecular phylogeny approach was combined with real-timePCR estimation to define the consortia that extend the cariouslesion in dentine. Recent data obtained by in situ hybridisationanalysis on tissue sections has indicated that in contrast to theanaerobic organisms that predominate in the consortia withincarious dentine, oxygen tolerant organisms appear to lead the finalphase of invasion of the vital dental pulp. This work is providing anobjective basis for the development of diagnostic indicators and ofenhanced therapeutic protocols for the management of thiscommon disease process.Targeted control of oral pathogensInvestigation has demonstrated that the bacterium causingperiodontal disease, Porphyromonas gingivalis is susceptible toantimicrobial adducts designed to exploit the unique bindingcharacteristics of the porphyrin receptor HA2. In 2006, theseadducts will be tested for efficacy as selective topical agents in theelimination of this organism. The objectives are to develop agentsthat serve as adjuncts to therapy of periodontal disease and astools to break the cycle of transmission. Additionally, the cysteineproteinase-haemagglutinin complexes of P. gingivalis weredemonstrated to exert powerful modulating action on localimmunity and researchers are now attempting to dissect themechanism of action. Oral bacteria initiate cross-reactive autoantibodyresponses to epithelial cells. One of the antigens identifiedis CD24. Ligation of this heavily glycosylated receptor powerfullyregulates the expression of epithelial differentiation genes, aproperty that could explain the poorly structured lining epitheliumthat is considered to critically mediate disease.Determinants of oral infection in high-riskAboriginal communitiesBacteria of the class Bacteroides were determined to be dominantsoft tissue pathogens. Using a molecular approach the maternalload of key pathogens was shown to predict early colonisation ofinfants with the potential to confer life-long susceptibility. This datawill underpin strategies to break this cycle of disease by preventingtransmission to infants.Institute for Immunology andAllergy ResearchImmunogenetic research intomultiple sclerosisMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that affects over15,000 people in Australia alone. Whilst the trigger of MS isunknown, studies indicate that genetic factors may make certainindividuals more susceptible to the disease. The research of thisgroup concentrates on identifying these genetic differences andusing this knowledge to create more effective prevention andtreatment. In 2005, the MS group continued development of anew angle for the treatment of multiple sclerosis which we hadpatented last year, as well as providing an antibody testing service toensure MS patients are receiving the best and most appropriatetreatment for their disease type. Discovering the genetic factors ofMS requires large scale experiments involving sizable numbers ofpatients and our research team are members of the largest geneticlinkage study into MS in the world. This year the InternationalMultiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium completed the mostcomprehensive study of genes linked to MS to date. Host immunegenes affecting MS may affect development of other diseases, anddiscoveries of genetic variation from MS work are now being appliedto studies on hepatitis C in collaboration with the Storr Liver Unit.Molecular genetics of atopic dermatitis(eczema) and asthmaThe research program investigating the genetic basis of allergicdisorders was established in late 2001. Since then, researchershave focussed on establishing a large cohort of children with severeatopic dermatitis (eczema) to help identify genetic variants in genesthat are involved in this and other allergic disorders such asasthma. In this regard, this group has successfully identified severalgenes that are important in controlling how the immune systemworks in allergic individuals. This has resulted in publications ininternational journals and the awarding of an NHMRC Project Grantto Dr. Graham Jones and collaborators at the Garvan andQueensland Institute for Medical Research. Although therecruitment of allergic children and adults for genetic studies isongoing, a significant component of the research will now seek tobetter understand how the genes we have identified control theimmune system and how small genetic differences (called singlenucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs) between healthy and allergicindividuals change the way these genes are activated and work.Researchers hope that by using the tools of cell biology andgenetics they can uncover new insights into what goes wrong inthe immune system of allergic individuals and how this mightbe corrected.

CancerWestmead Institute for Cancer ResearchThe Westmead Institute for Cancer Research aims toconduct research into the molecular and cellular basis ofhuman cancer and leukaemia to improve the prevention,treatment and cure of these devastating diseases.

Breast cancer researchThe Breast Cancer Research Group is investigating the role ofoestrogen and progesterone in the development of the normalbreast and in breast cancer. These hormones are fundamentalregulators of normal cell growth and differentiation, and are alsocrucial to the development and progression of breast cancer.Progesterone has a pivotal role in normal female reproduction in theuterus, ovary, mammary gland and brain. This group has previouslyidentified a change in expression of two forms of the progesteronereceptor, PRA and PRB, in cancer. Work in 2005 has focussed onfurther identifying the cellular consequences of this change. Geneexpression profiles have shown a distinct shift in the ability of a cellto respond to progesterone when the two forms of the PR areimbalanced, and this is associated with changes in signallingpathways important in maintenance of normal cell biology.The mechanisms through which PR controls gene expression havealso been explored, researchers demonstrating that receptorsaggregate with other key components of transcriptional machinerywhen they are activated. This aggregation process is disrupted inhuman cancers, and current studies in the group are aimed atexploring the aggregation process and identifying the functionalconsequences of its disruption in cancer.Cell cycle researchThe INK4a/ARF sequence on chromosome 9 encodes twodistinctly different proteins, known as p14ARF and p16INK4a. Bothof these tumour suppressor proteins have critical roles inmaintaining the genetic integrity of a wide range of cell types andresearchers in this group are investigating their function, movementand binding partners. Mutations that inactivate p14ARF orp16INK4a are common in many different human cancers. Whilep16INK4a is mutated in approximately a third of families with ahistory of melanoma, this group have found that a subset ofmelanoma-affected families also carry mutations that alter thelocalisation and function of p14ARF. The p14ARF tumoursuppressorprotein binds to a range of cellular targets, and thisgroup is investigating what impact these novel partners have on thefunctions of p14ARF.This group recently proposed that p14ARF mediates a processcalled sumoylation, by promoting the attachment of the proteinSUMO to other proteins. Sumoylation regulates cellular activity byaltering the location of some proteins and modulating the activity ofothers. Researchers are exploring the downstream effects ofp14ARF-induced sumoylation, and the consequences whenp14ARF is mutated. Melanoma cancers are notoriously resistant tochemotherapy and this group has confirmed that p14ARF can cooperatewith various chemotherapeutic agents to induceprogrammed cell death in melanoma cells. Thus, genes regulatedby p14ARF may provide alternative targets for new drugs to killmelanoma tumours that have lost p14ARF protection.Familial cancerMost cancers are due to genetic changes that accumulate in thecells with age, but in 5 to 10 per cent of cases a patient’s familyhistory suggests the presence of an inherited gene mutation thatincreases their cancer risk. The clinical arm of this group operates aservice assessing genetic susceptibility to breast, ovary, bowelcancer and melanoma. In conjunction, many patients are enrolled incollaborative, genetic-epidemiological studies investigating thefamilial aspects of cancer.The service is part of a study of breast ductal lavage, investigatingits use as a surveillance tool in women at high risk of breast canceras well as participating in the international GOG-199 study, aimedat assessing the usefulness of screening alone vs preventivesurgery in women at increased risk of ovary and fallopian tubecancer. Researchers have continued their role in the study oftamoxifen in breast cancer prevention for those at higher risk basedon family history. In addition, they have continued to collaborate inthe investigation of the psychosocial aspects of genetic testing forcancer susceptibility by participating in studies of decision aids forpatients considering genetic testing, the impact of genetic testingon males in breast cancer families, and the influence of genetictesting results on discrimination in relation to insurance.The laboratory’s research program has been successfully directedtowards improved screening for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations andcontinues to focus on improvements to screening and theunderstanding of the gene mutations that are detected byscreening. We have also worked with Translational Oncology toinvestigate the pathological features of breast cancer in womenwho carry a germline mutation in the ATM gene.Gene expression in cancerThe Gene Expression Group studies the effect of cancer mutationson specific proteins in the cell, with emphasis on cellular alterationsthat lead to breast and colon cancer. This group aims to discovernew pathways that control the action of proteins in normal cells,and to develop drugs or other reagents that correct defects inthese pathways in cancer cells.Mutations in the BRCA1 are common in many breast cancers andthis group is investigating how mutations disrupt the BRCA1protein’s normal function. The BRCA1 protein senses DNA damageby monitoring dividing cells and, in response to DNA damage,initiates gene repair processes in the nucleus to prevent errorsbeing transmitted to new cells. BRCA1 has a partner, BARD1;their interaction helps facilitate the DNA-repair process. This groupdiscovered that unbound BRCA1 and BARD1 proteins, arenormally free to shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Whenbound together they become confined to the nucleus, an essentialstep in activating the complexed proteins for their crucial role inDNA-repair and cell-survival. This group has also identified a classof BRCA1 gene mutations that display an unexpected influence on

the BRCA1 proteins that carry this mutation. The mutant BRCA1proteins are positioned differently inside the cell, and are preventedfrom entering the nucleus and complexing with BARD1. This findingprovides another mechanism for changes in DNA repair elicited byBRCA1 gene mutations in breast cancer.This team is also investigating two genes that appear to play keyroles in colorectal cancer: beta catenin and the tumour-suppressorgene APC. APC shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus,where it performs its tumour-suppressor function. This group hasshown that mutant proteins are actively transported in and out ofthe nucleus. In fact, it turns out that cancer-mutated forms of APCcan “shuttle” faster than the normal APC molecule, and theinvestigators aim to determine if this increase in the protein’strafficking rate contributes to the cancer process.Gynaecological cancerOvarian cancer, the most lethal of the gynaecological cancers, isthought to originate from mutations in epithelial cells encasing theovary and little is known about the genes involved in turning healthyovarian epithelial cells cancerous. The Gynaecological CancerGroup have identified several candidate genes that may be involvedin the initial steps leading to cancer. Most ovarian cancers areinitially sensitive to chemotherapy with the platinum-based drugscarboplatin or cisplatin, but eventually develop resistance. Thisgroup has identified a list of genes whose expression levels differbetween resistant and drug-sensitive cells. They have found thatone of these genes is over-expressed in resistant ovarian cancercells and low expression levels correlate with increased sensitivity toplatinum drugs. This gene is also higher in tumours from patientsthat have a worse clinical outcome. The group has submitted aprovisional patent application on the discovery, and is now seekingcompounds to reduce expression of this gene, that could be usedin combination with platinum drugs to treat ovarian cancer.The Australian Ovarian Cancer Study (AOCS) is a majorcollaborative project funded by the US Department of Defence andAustralian Cancer Councils involving WMI, the Queensland Instituteof Medical Research, Peter McCallum Cancer Centre, and over 20Australian hospitals. AOCS aims to recruit ovarian cancer patientsand create a library of biospecimens for analysis to identify genesinvolved in ovarian cancer. Comprehensive epidemiological data arealso collected to help identify environmental and life-style riskfactors and patients are monitored for a minimum of five years,recording all details of their treatment and its outcome. The data willbe correlated with risk-factor data and tumour-gene profiles toidentify factors for predicting clinical outcome and, eventually,improve the survival of patients with ovarian cancer. More than1600 patients and 1000 cancer-free control women have beenrecruited to the study so far and the analysis phase begins in 2006.Leukaemia and bone marrow researchThis program consists of two main research groups. TheLeukaemia Cell Biology Group is investigating acute lymphoblasticleukaemia (ALL). The most common childhood cancer, ALL arisesin the bone marrow from cells that normally develop into B cells(antibody producing cells). ALL cells are highly dependent on thebone marrow for their growth and survival and this group isinvestigating this dependency with the aim of disrupting thissupportive function. The group has identified SDF-1 as a majorbone marrow derived factor supporting ALL cells. Drugs that blockthe effects of SDF-1 are available and inhibit the growth of ALL cellsin the laboratory. The group is currently testing the ability of thesedrugs in a human leukaemia mouse model. It is anticipated thatthese drugs will enhance the effectiveness of current chemotherapyagents with minimal toxicity, decrease the total dose ofchemotherapy required and help increase the cure rates in patientswith a poor prognosis. This group continues to search for factorsthat are important for the survival and proliferation of ALL cells.Currently the Wnt family of growth factors is being examined aspotential growth regulatory factors in ALL. Wnt proteins areproduced by both the supportive cells in the bone marrow and theleukaemic cells themselves. This group has demonstrated thatthese factors are capable of enhancing the growth and survival ofALL cells. This relative importance of these proteins is currentlybeing investigated.The Cell Therapies group is focused on investigating the use oftargeted cells for the treatment of infectious and malignant diseaseand has continued to develop its clinical program ofcytomegalovirus (CMV) specific cytotoxic T cell administration topatients with impaired immune systems. The group is currentlyrunning a clinical trial of CMV specific T cell administration forpatients recovering after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation,and has resulted in a rapid increase in the percentage of specificcells seen in the circulation. Researchers are in the process ofgaining approval for a gene therapy trial of CMV that will expandentry criteria into the T cell trial and will result in a broader targetspecificity of CMV antigens. Laboratory research is ongoing into thedevelopment of cell therapy for other infections including the fungaldisease Aspergillus and the viral illness varicella zoster thatcommonly affect immunocompromised individuals. In addition, thisgroup is also studying the development of cell therapy for treatmentof minimal residual leukaemia following bone marrowtransplantation. They have optimised a methodology for stimulationof donor T cells with recipient leukaemia cells utilising acombination of different cytokines at various stages of cell culture.

Genetic epidemiology of cancerFor many people, genes have a strong effect on their risk of cancer.This group focuses on identifying the genes concerned, showinghow they work and discovering how genetic risk interacts with theenvironment to cause cancer.In collaboration with researchers from Queensland and the US,researchers in this group have shown that a region of chromosome1 harbours a new melanoma-susceptibility gene and that this isoften deleted in melanomas. This suggests that this gene isnormally a protective tumour-suppressor and may be relevant toboth inherited and non-inherited melanomas. This Group leads theAustralian Melanoma Family Study (AMFS), with researchers fromthe University of Melbourne and the Queensland Cancer FundEpidemiology Research Unit. One of the world’s largestpopulation-based studies of melanoma, over 1100 people whohave developed melanoma before age 40 have been enrolled plustheir family members. Early-onset melanoma can be indicative ofincreased susceptibility, but little is known about what genescontribute to risk in this setting. Work on these projects, and theother objectives of GenoMEL, the international melanoma geneticsconsortium, was recognised in 2005 by a prestigious new five-yearnetwork program grant from the European Commission, the onlyone awarded in the life and health sciences. This will fund, amongother things, powerful new mapping studies of the genes causingincreased melanoma risk.In collaboration with researchers from Prince of Wales Hospital andthe University of Sydney, this group have been investigatingperception of melanoma risk and the psychological consequencesof high melanoma risk and genetic testing in our melanomafamilies. These are among the first such research studies anywherein the world and reports from this work are currently under review.Zebrafish have also been the focus of an important collaborationwith the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research to understandmelanoma genetics. A strain of these fish has been geneticallyengineered to produce a mutant form of the NRas cancer gene inits pigment-producing skin cells, which are similar to those inhumans that give rise to melanoma. The importance of this work isthat fish can be cross-bred easily, enabling the other genes that areinvolved in the melanoma process to be identified.This team is involved in the international Breast Cancer LinkageConsortium, which has recently completed the world’s largest andmost comprehensive search of the human genome for breastcancersusceptibility genes. The Australian kConFab consortiumhas provided the large numbers of families necessary to supportthis project and its first major report, with clues to the location ofnew breast cancer genes, was recently accepted for publication.Students in this group have worked to identify genetic andenvironmental risk factors involved in non-melanoma skin cancers.They have been studying, for the first time, families of people whohave developed basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or squamous cellcarcinoma (SCC) by early middle age. In 2005 we have shown thata gene (PTCH1), which is involved in a specific, rare form of familialBCC does not make a major contribution to early-onset BCC, evenwhen there is a strong family history of the disease, indicating othergenes must be involved.Translational oncologyThe aim of the Translational Oncology group is to facilitate thetransfer of knowledge from basic cancer research into clinicalpractice, and to address research to clinically important questions.To do this, the group operates a range of collaborations with clinicaloncology practitioners and other researchers in the Sydney WestArea Health Service in addition to an independent research program.In 2005, the group continued to investigate methods to assistdetermination of optimal chemotherapy dosage for cancer patients.Researchers in this group have taken a novel approach; using anuclear medicine scanning technique to determine the rate atwhich the liver is able to clear a marker compound as a potentialindicator of the rate at which chemotherapy may be cleared.Researchers demonstrated that results were variable in cancerpatients and related to variants in the gene that characterises oneof the main elimination proteins in the liver. In on-going work, therelationship between this elimination marker and clearance ofvarious chemotherapy drugs is being examined.Interestingly, the same proteins that function to eliminate drugs fromthe body are sometimes present on cancer cells and there hasbeen speculation that they may enable the tumour to resisttreatment by pumping drugs away from the cancer. This possibilitywas investigated in collaboration with the Gynaecological Cancergroup. The ability of the elimination protein MRP2 (ABCC2) totransport the drug cisplatin was compared in ovarian cancersamples from patients who had achieved a good clinical responseto cisplatin and patients who had a poor response. This showed itwas unlikely that presence of MRP2 on ovarian cancer cells plays amajor role in determining treatment outcome.

Liver & MetabolicStorr Liver UnitThe Storr Liver Unit studies liver function in both healthand disease states as well as the impact of liver diseaseson human health. We investigate better ways to preventor cure liver disease, aim to define the clinicopathologicaland genetic factors that predispose a person to liverinjury and liver cancer and determine how complicationscan be detected early to improve adverse clinicaloutcomes. The Unit is at the forefront of internationalclinical trials that seek to identify new therapies for thetreatment of liver disorders.

Throughout 2005 Professor Geoffrey Farrell has been onsabbatical with Professor Nelson Fausto, Department of Pathology,University of Washington, performing studies on geneticsusceptibility to carcinogen-induced liver cancer in mice and itsrelationship to aspects of hepatic lipid turnover. At WMI, ProfessorFarrell’s group continued to investigate how the processes ofoxidative stress, peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor gamma(PPAR gamma) and COX-2 activation modulate the development ofliver cancer. During 2005 Professor Farrell tendered his resignationand will leave WMI in early 2006. It is anticipated that a new StorrProfessor will be appointed by mid 2006.NHMRC Centre of Clinical ResearchExcellence in Liver DiseaseEstablished in 2003, the NHMRC Centre of Clinical ResearchExcellence (CCRE) to Improve Outcomes in Chronic Liver Diseaseconsists of several multifaceted projects including early detection(screening) and better management of liver cancer, nutritionalintervention in advanced liver disease, and nutritional, dietary andexercise intervention for patients with early stages of chronic liverdisease. During 2005, we have continued to actively recruit patientsfor the various projects including a cancer screening program nowinvolving in excess of 220 patients at three Sydney hospitals, and alifestyle intervention study which has enrolled ~150 subjects. TheCCRE researchers have published papers during 2005 on thesubject of their research, and further publications are expected in2006, following analysis of the datasets.Molecular and cellular basis of liver diseaseIn recognition of an outstanding track record in research, the Unit,along with investigators at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital wasawarded a prestigious NHMRC Program Grant (2005-2009) valuedat over $4 million to further study the molecular and cellular basis ofhuman liver diseases. Projects encompassed in the Programinclude studies on the pathological basis of non-alcoholicsteatohepatitis, which is the most common cause of liver damagein Western society, chronic hepatitis C, hepatic fibrosis andcirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis and ischaemia-reperfusion injury.The core investigators have since established highly focusedresearch groups to conduct the studies outlined in the proposal.The Unit was also successful in obtaining two further NHMRCproject grants for 2006 to conduct research into genetic studies ofhepatitis C disease progression and on liver injury.Molecular PharmacologyThe focus of the Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory is toinvestigate the regulation of genes within the liver involved in themetabolism or breakdown of therapeutic drugs as well as toxicsubstances produced within the body, such as bile acids.The research has already produced outcomes that are havingsignificant impact on healthcare. Work on the mechanisms bywhich some drugs cause the metabolism of other drugs to beaccelerated, causing drug-drug interactions, has led to moreeffective tests to detect such unwanted properties early in the drugdevelopment process. Several patents, some of which have alreadybeen licensed to industry, now cover the applications of this work.An exciting extension of this work is to understand how drugs aremetabolised in the brain, which is the target organ for approximatelyone-third of all drugs (e.g. anti-depressants, anti-psychotics,analgesics), a process that presently is poorly understood.Recent work on bile acid metabolism and elimination has lead todiscoveries that are likely to result in improved therapies for patientswith liver diseases in which the flow of bile is obstructed (cholestaticliver diseases). In addition to two existing NHMRC project grants,this group has now received further funding from the NHMRC toprogress this work to the implementation of new therapies for suchpatients that will prevent or retard cholestatic liver injury that oftenresults in the development of cirrhosis. This work will be performedin collaboration with the laboratory of Prof Ron Evans at the SalkInstitute and Prof Antoine Hadengue, Geneva University Hospitals.Portions of this work have recently been published in the form oftwo papers in the highly prestigious Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences, USA.An exciting area of research is determining why patients withadvanced cancer not involving the liver have impaired drugmetabolism by the liver, which results in life-threatening toxicity fromsome anti-cancer drugs. Work performed in collaboration with theCancer Centre at Concord Hospital is determining why thishappens and utilizing novel humanized transgenic mouse modelscreated at the WMI, we are developing therapies to counteract thisserious problem.

Neuroscience &VisionBrain Dynamics CentreCentre for Vision ResearchResearchers in the Neuroscience and Vision division aimto shed light on the functioning of the human brain and eyein both health and disease. Using a combination of imagingtechnology, molecular biology and epidemiology,researchers are investigating the causes of emotionaldisorders, mental illness and visual disorders.

Brain Dynamics CentreSchizophrenia and psychosisPsychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are characterised bydebilitating symptoms such as hallucinations, paranoia, dramaticpersonality change, disorganised thinking, loss of motivation andcognitive ability.Working with the Western Sydney First Episode Psychosis Project,researchers are using clinical, neuropsychological,electrophysiological and radiological investigations to determine aprofile of changes that define the first episode of psychosis andpredict the subsequent course of the illness. Funded by theSchizophrenia Fellowship of NSW, NISAD, Pfizer (fellowship), ARCand the NSW Department of Health, initial results indicate thatyoung people with first episode psychosis (FEP) already suffersignificant neuropsychological and functional deficits including aloss of cortical grey matter.Gamma phase synchrony research on these young peopleindicated that FEP was characterised by a loss and delay of earlyfrontal brain synchrony. Results also point towards an earlyseparation between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder whereyoung people with first episode schizophrenia displayed worseneuropsychological functioning which failed to improve over time.This work is being extended with the ongoing collection of mooddisorder data to further elucidate the mechanisms of bothschizophrenia and affective psychosis. All results demonstrate theimportance of early diagnosis and immediate treatment in cases ofFEP in young people. Initial treatment research focused oncognitive remediation programs has shown significantimprovements in cognitive functions, including attention,concentration, executive processing and speed of processing.ADHD and Conduct DisorderAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined by lack ofattention and concentration, commonly occurring with hyperactivity,and can lead to difficulties in learning and disruptive behaviour.Current research aims to identify the profile of brain markersdissociating ADHD from healthy peers, to evaluate the effects ofRitalin on these markers and to determine the impact of sexdifferences on these effects. This work is currently being extendedto investigate the effect of non-stimulant treatments.Children with Conduct Disorder display a range of antisocialbehavioural problems and without successful treatment, thesebehaviours may continue on to adulthood. Whilst effectivetreatments do exist, diagnostic heterogeneity means some patientsdon’t respond to traditional treatment strategies. Attempts todisentangle this heterogeneity have shown that children with highlevels of “callous-unemotional” traits tend to have poor treatmentresponse. Researchers aim to evaluate emotion processing andautonomic arousal functioning in children with both low and highCU traits to identify more targeted treatments for Conduct Disorder.Anorexia nervosaAnorexia nervosa is a debilitating and chronic illness defined byextreme food restriction, weight loss and emotional disturbances.Little is understood of the psychological and biological factors thatcause this serious disorder. Researchers are using brain imagingmeasures combined with psychological testing to identify if thisdisease could be caused by disturbances in the brain regionsresponsible for emotional functioning to identify why and howanorexia develops.

Cognitive neuroscience and theemotional brainResearchers in this program aim to identify and explore linksbetween brain function, cognition and emotion by focussing onhow the brain determines what is and what is not significant. UsingfMRI, ERP’s and new measures of brain connectivity, researchersaim to identify the location of brain networks for perception ofemotion (fear, anger, disgust, happy and sad). Initial results indicatethere are specialised networks for emotions associated with oursurvival, such as fear.Supported by a prestigious Pfizer Fellowship, A/Prof Lea Williamsand her team are focussing on functional brain connectivity inrelation to emotional brain function, other sources of significanceand the “disconnections” which define psychiatric illnesses. Thisresearch program also aims to evaluate the effectiveness ofpharmaceutical intervention in restoring functional brain connectivityin complex brain disorders. Other research involves investigatingage and gender differences in emotional brain function andcognition. Results from this research may provide insights as togender differences in vulnerability to emotion-related disorders suchas psychosis, PTSD and ADHD as well as the age- related processof cognitive decline.Neuroscientists are increasingly willing to speculate aboutconsciousness, and identifying the neural mechanism of consciousexperience is important in elucidating the factors that distinguishhumans from primates. The study of non-conscious emotionperception is also a central step in understanding the mechanismsof anxiety disorders. Researchers in the Brain Dynamics Centreare integrating a range of neuroimaging techniques tocomprehensively understand the neural mechanisms of consciousand unconscious processing.A significant ARC Linkage Grant enabled the Brain DynamicsCentre to collaborate with researchers from University of Sydneyand University of NSW to integrate brain imaging with genetics. The“Development of integrated biological markers of brain function”collaboration has enabled new projects to be established into theidentification of genetic polymorphisms contributing to variation inbrain function; Prediction of response to antidepressant treatmentin major depressive disorder; and the integration of genotypes withphenotypic data to develop neuropsychological, EEG/ERP and MRIprofiles of known genotypes.Post traumatic and stressPost traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the most commontraumatic psychiatric disorder to emerge after trauma exposure.Researchers are investigating the identification of temporal andbiological markers for PTSD and the mechanisms of trauma andstress and how these are related to life events.PTSD and depression often present with similar symptoms and alack of precise guidelines for diagnosis lead to increased chance ofmalingering. Research conducted in 2005 involved investigationsinto identifying markers for biological assessment to objectivelyidentify and index PTSD. Further research being conducted incollaboration with both Australian and American groups aims to useEEG to determine if PTSD is a disorder of low approach motivation(similar to depression) or a disorder of high withdrawal motivation(like anxiety). Orienting mechanisms underlie important survivalfunctions from diverting attention to significant or novel stimuli toavoiding harm from aversive stimuli. Research funded by the ARCaims to identify the mechanisms involved with human orienting andinvestigate links with psychological disorders such as PTSD, ADHDand schizophrenia. Finally, investigations are also being conductedinto how childhood trauma may influence physiological stressresponses such as neuroticism or insomnia and whether this canbe used a predictor of depression in later life.Brain modellingThe Brain Modelling Unit collaborates with other groups, locally andinternationally, to develop new methods for biophysical modellingand analysis of electrophysiological and neuroimaging data, as wellas refining and enhancing existing imaging techniques used in otherareas of the Brain Dynamics Centre. The unit developed the firstunified model of the brain based on real physiological information.This model allows us to understand how our data links to real brainactivity and its breakdown in disorder.Brain Resource InternationalDatabase and BRAINnetThe Brain Dynamics Centre is closely affiliated with the BrainResource Company giving scientists the opportunity to undertakeresearch using the Brain Resource International Database (BRID).This database provides a consolidated library of data onpsychological function, cognition, brain function, brain structureand genetics for healthy male and female subjects across a rangeof ages. All data is collected using controlled and standardisedprocedures from labs located in USA, Europe and Australia.BRAINnet is an independent international scientific networkconvened by the Brain Dynamic Centre that oversees access toBRID data. The unique composition of BRID means it can be usedacross scientific disciplines and diseases.

Centre for Vision ResearchRetinal vascular signs and systemic vascularoutcomes in the Blue Mountains Eye StudyThe Blue Mountains Eye Study commenced in 1992 and hasbecome a benchmark population-based study in ophthalmology.As well as defining the prevalence, incidence and risk factors foreye diseases, many novel systemic associations have beenexplored. Mortality and cause of death information from this studyhave recently been used to investigate risks of cardio-vascularevents and cancer mortality. Retinal photographs from participantshave enabled us to assess retinal microcirculation changes inrelationship to systemic vascular outcomes, including incidentstroke and stroke related death, cardio-vascular deaths andincident hypertension in older people. This project will first examinechange in retinal vessel signs over 10 years.Cataract surgery and risk of age-relatedmacular degeneration (AMD)Cataract surgery is the most frequently performed surgicalprocedure, and AMD is the leading cause of blindness in olderpeople. Previous studies suggest at least a 3-fold higher risk ofprogression to end stage AMD after cataract surgery. This projectaims to confirm whether the risk of developing AMD increases aftercataract surgery among older individuals (60+ years). Researchershave recruited more than 1100 patients undergoing cataractsurgery at Westmead Hospital and from private ophthalmologistrooms, and 400 have been re-examined 6 months post-operatively.These patients will be followed up to 2 years initially.Retinal vascular signs in acutestroke patientsResearchers are currently assessing the incidence of retinalvascular signs in collaboration with the Retinal Vascular ImagingCentre (RetVIC) in Melbourne to expand the research scope toacute stroke patients and dementia in older persons. This multicentre(Sydney, Melbourne and Singapore) clinical cohort studycommenced in 2005, recruiting patients with acute stroke. Retinalphotographs are taken and retinal vessel signs are assessed inrelationship to stroke subtypes and prognosis. To date, over 100patients have been recruited in Sydney and over 150 in Melbourne.The Sydney Myopia StudyRates of myopia (or short-sightedness) are increasing rapidly inEast Asia. This project aims to assess prevalence and risk factorsassociated with myopia, in school children aged 6 years and 12years. At the end of 2005 a total of 1740 6-year-old and 235312-year-old children have been examined. Reports from the studyhave highlighted a relatively low prevalence of myopia in Sydney,and have also defined the causes and frequency of visualimpairment and important childhood eye conditions like amblyopia(reduced vision in one eye) and strabismus (squint).

Cardio-respiratoryLudwig Engel Centre for Respiratory ResearchCentre for Heart ResearchResearchers in this division are dedicated to theunderstanding of common cardio-respiratory disorders.Combining laboratory research and clinical studies, researchprojects include the patho-physiological basis of respiratoryand sleep disorders, and investigations into abnormal heartrhythm and sudden death.

Ludwig Engel Centre forRespiratory ResearchSleep disordered breathingThe Ludwig Engel Centre has a particular emphasis on sleepdisordered breathing with an international reputation for researchingthe mechanisms underlying the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome(OSAS). In this disorder, patients experience repetitive episodes ofthroat blockage during sleep leading to complete cessation ofbreathing for short periods of time. Researchers are working tounderstand the processes associated with the occurrence ofobstructed breathing during sleep in order to improve the treatmentsavailable for this important disorder. Current research programsinclude investigations into the physiology of the upper airway andthe cardiovascular complications of OSAS. New research areas for2006 will allow us identify intermediate phenotypes in obstructivesleep apnoea patients and begin to establish the genetic basis forsleep disordered breathing.Work will soon begin on development of a biomechanicalcomputational model of the hydrostatic mechanics of the tissuespace surrounding the upper airway and its influence on upperairway patency. The role of surface tension of the upper airway liningliquid in the control of upper airway patency during sleep isan ongoing area of research interest, as is the effects of snoring onblood pressure control and stroke.Asthma and chronic obstructivepulmonary diseaseAsthma now affects the lives of over 2 million Australian children andadults. Despite decades of research into the causes and treatmentof asthma, the prevalence of asthma in the population continues torise. A major research interest of this research group is the influenceof mouth versus nose breathing on the occurrence of asthmaticsymptoms. The nose warms, humidifies and filters inspired air,whereas mouth breathing exposes the lungs to unheated, dry,unfiltered air which may contribute to the occurrence or worseningof an attack. Research in this lab recognised that asthmatic subjectshave altered perception of nasal obstruction, leading them to switchto mouth breathing more readily than healthy individuals, and thatthis switch may contribute to the development of an asthmaepisode. Currently, researchers are investigating whether nasalbreathing can help to resolve an episode of asthma. New researchinto chronic obstructive pulmonary disease will examine the value ofaerobic exercise training to the overall benefits of short pulmonaryrehabilitation programmes.Cystic fibrosisCystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal inherited diseaseaffecting Australians. In CF, altered salt transport across the liningof the airways leads to drying of the airway surface, impeding theprocesses that remove mucus from the lungs. Mucus retentionmakes the lungs very susceptible to repeated bacterial infections.Researchers in this group are currently investigatingelectrophysiological abnormalities in CF and determining theinteraction between airway surface divalent ions and the underlyinggenetic defect so that potential new treatments can be developed.

Centre for Heart ResearchPrevention of sudden deathSudden death is usually caused by an abnormal heart rhythmproduced by a problem in the ventricles of the heart. Ventriculartachycardia and ventricular fibrillation are the two major heartrhythms responsible for sudden death and both are the subject ofresearch currently being performed by this group. Some abnormalheart rhythms can be treated by minimally invasive procedures inwhich abnormal electrical pathways in the heart are ablated.Attempts to cure ventricular tachycardia using percutaneouscatheters have been hampered by the inadequacies of conventionalmapping and ablation techniques. Researchers in this group havedesigned a catheter that could create a deeper ablation lesion thanis possible with maximal conventional therapy. A prototype catheterwas constructed in-house and tested using an ex-vivo ovine model.The prototype catheter was shown to create lesions that weresignificantly deeper and just as wide as lesions created withconventional catheters. Efforts are also being directed at improvedmapping procedures for determining the underlying mechanismsof ventricular arrhythmias and facilitating curative therapy. Thiswork gained additional support in 2005 by the awarding of aNHMRC Project Grant.Ventricular fibrillation is also a cause of sudden death andcommonly occurs at the time of a heart attack. The mechanismof this electrical problem that stops the heart beating effectively isincompletely understood. Researchers are studying the behaviourof electrical currents in the heart during ventricular fibrillation to tryand detect patterns that may allow new treatments for thisimportant abnormal heart rhythm.Atrial fibrillationAtrial fibrillation results in chaotic beating of the heart and is the mostcommon cause of abnormal heart rhythm. It is due to abnormalelectrical activation of the upper part of the heart called the atria.Recently a curative minimally invasive treatment has been developedfor atrial fibrillation. There are large groups of patients for whom thistreatment is not effective. The Cardiology Research Centre isperforming basic and applied studies to improve the safety andefficacy of treatment for atrial fibrillation. These include studies ofopen heart and minimally invasive techniques for cure of atrialfibrillation.Alternative energy sources for treatment ofabnormal heart rhythmsPercutaneous, minimally invasive techniques to treat abnormal heartrhythms require delivery of alternating electrical current. Thistechnique is used to heat abnormal parts of the heart and interruptshort circuits responsible for the rhythm problems. There areimportant limitations to this technique. In an attempt to createdevices that overcome some of the current difficulties with existingtechnology, cardiology researchers are investigating alternativeenergy sources such as microwaves. This ARC funded project is acollaboration with the University of Technology.Imaging and cardiac functionEchocardiography uses ultrasound waves to study cardiac structureand function. Ultrasound is a safe and effective way to visualize theheart. Researchers have used echocardiography to monitor andevaluate atrial size and function after procedures to treat atrialfibrillation. New techniques have been used to develop noninvasiveparameters of total and segmental atrial function. Two and threedimensional atrial volume estimation has also been performed toevaluate atrial remodeling after restoration of normal rhythm. Theseresults may help to alter techniques and treatments currently usedfor atrial fibrillation. This work is supported by funding from theNational Heart Foundation.

FundingNational Health & Medical Research Council Grants * 8,057,369Other Grants * 6,250,802Infrastructure Grants 2,317,232Other Income 875,578Total 2005 Income ($) 17,500,981Excludes income from hospital clinical trials. *Includes fellowships and scholarships.Funding OrganisationsIn 2005 the Institute received researchfunding from the following majororganisations. We thank them fortheir support.Australian Dental Research FoundationAustralian Lung FoundationAnthony Rothe FoundationAustralian Research CouncilAustralian Centre for HIV and HepatitisVirology ResearchBiogenCancer Institute of NSWClive and Vera Ramaciotti FoundationCommonwealth Department of Health andAgeingCure Cancer AustraliaDental Board of NSWGlaxoSmithKlineJohnson & Johnson ResearchHeart Foundation of AustraliaJuvenile Diabetes Research FoundationLeukaemia FoundationMeat and Livestock AustraliaMerck, Sharpe and DohmeMotor Accident Authority of NSWNational Breast Cancer FoundationNational Institutes of Health USANational Health & Medical Research CouncilNovartis Pharmaceuticals Australia Pty LtdNSW Cancer CouncilNSW Ministry for Science and MedicalResearchNSW HealthPfizer PharmaciaPhilip Bushell FoundationRetina AustraliaRobert W Storr BequestThe Millennium FoundationUniversity of Sydney

Organisation ChartWMI Advisory BoardChair – Mr Paul BellDirectorProfessor Tony CunninghamDivisions and groupsInfection & ImmunityCentre for Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyDirector, Prof Tania SorrellCentre for Transplant and Renal ResearchDirector - Transplantation, A/Prof Philip O’ConnellDirector - Renal Medicine, Prof David HarrisCentre for Virus ResearchDirector, Prof Tony CunninghamInstitute of Dental ResearchDirector, Prof Neil HunterInstitute for Immunology and Allergy ResearchDirector, Prof Graeme StewartCancerWestmead Institute for Cancer ResearchDirector, Prof Rick KeffordLiver & MetabolicStorr Liver UnitDirector, Prof Geoff FarrellDirector - Clinical Hepatology, Prof Jacob GeorgeDirector - Molecular Pharmacology, Prof Christopher LiddleNeuroscience & VisionBrain Dynamics CentreDirector, A/Prof Lea WilliamsCentre for Vision ResearchDirector, Prof Paul MitchellCardio-respiratoryCentre for Heart ResearchDirector, Dr Pramesh KovoorLudwig Engel Centre forRespiratory ResearchDirector, A/Prof John WheatleyChief Operating OfficerMark DadoScientific OperationsManager, Glenn HoldenFacilities and Grant AdministrationManager, Mark SmithFinanceManager, Mark WissamHuman ResourcesManager, Amanda CloutInformation TechnologyManager, Ian MageeCommunicationsManager, Gayle McNaughtScience CouncilChair, A/Prof Christine Clarke

Advisory Board andCouncil of GovernorsAdvisory Board MembersMr Paul BellChairProfessor Gavin Brown AO, FAAVice-Chancellor and Principal, University of SydneyProfessor Peter Castaldi AOChairman, Area Health Advisory Council,Sydney West Area Health ServiceMr Philip ChronicanGroup Executive, Westpac Institutional BankProfessor Tony CunninghamDirector, Westmead Millennium InstituteMr Patrick WildePresident, The Millennium FoundationMr James WakimPast President, The Millennium FoundationManaging Director, Arab Bank AustraliaGovernorsMr Jim Bosnjak OAMChairman, Bosnjak Investment GroupProfessor Jeremy ChapmanNetwork Director Acute Interventional Medicine,Sydney West Area Health ServiceProfessor Ian Gust AOProfessor Janice ReidVice-Chancellor, University of Western SydneyDr Peter FarrellChief Executive Officer, ResMed AustraliaMr David Greatorex AO

Staff ListInfection andImmunityCentre for VirusResearchDirectorProf. Tony CunninghamDeputy DirectorDr Barry SlobedmanAdmin AssistantMs Janine MurrayLab ManagerMs Rebecca HowardClinical TrialsClinical Trials Co-OrdinatorMs Maggie PiperResearch OfficerMs Janette TaylorCytomegalovirusResearchResearch Group LeaderDr Barry SlobedmanResearch AssociateDr Josh SternResearch OfficerMiss Winnie GarciaPhD StudentsMr Selmir AvdicMr Allen CheungMs Joanne TanHonours StudentMr Michael GodwinHerpesImmunopathogenesisResearch Group LeadersProf Tony CunninghamDr Min KimDr Monica Miranda-SaksenaResearch FellowDr Hirotaka Takahashi(until February 2005)Research OfficerDr Lidija BosnjakResearch AssistantMr Bibing TijonoPhD StudentMrs Anupriya AggarwalOverseas Exchange StudentMr Farhad FazelHerpes ProteinChemistryResearch Group LeaderDr Russell DiefenbachPhD StudentsMs Debbie KoMs Branka MijatovMs April MortonHonours StudentsMiss Amber CampbellMs Rachael EddowesMs Kathrina OgdenHIV MolecularPathogenesisResearch Group LeadersProf Tony CunninghamDr John WilkinsonResearch OfficersMs Jennifer ClarkeDr Andrew HarmanDr Heather DonaghyResearch AssistantsMiss Joanne DableMr Joey LaiMiss Valerie MarsdenMiss Monique Nicolle(until June 2005)PhD StudentsMiss Kerrie DunstanDr Susan MaddocksMs Sarah WatsonHIV Protein Functionand InteractionResearch Group LeaderDr Sabine PillerResearch AssistantsMiss Jodi AllenMiss Eleanor HitchenMr Jeff LiangPhD StudentsMiss Judy EdmondsMs Vicki KassoufHIV Retroviral GeneticsResearch Group LeaderDr Nitin SaksenaResearch FellowDr Bin WangStaff SpecialistDr Dominic DwyerPhD StudentsMs Da’ed HaddadMiss Meriet Mikhail(until May 2005)Ms Megan SteainMasters StudentsMrs Maria ArriagaMr Hemal JoshiMs Chenda KolMr Meet ShahHonours StudentMiss SubotheniThavaneswaranVaricella zosterResearchResearch Group LeaderDr Allison AbendrothResearch AssistantMiss Elizabeth SloanPhD StudentsMr Joshua BowlesMs Kavitha GowrishankarHonours StudentMs Jennifer HuchInstitute for DentalResearchDirectorProf. Neil HunterDeputy DirectorProf. Nick JacquesHonorary ResearchAssociateA/Prof. John Gibbins.Honorary Research FellowDr Bettine WebbSenior Research ScientistDr Derek HartySenior LecturerDr Liz MartinPost-doctoral FellowMs Ping YeResearch FellowsDr Roy ByunDr Cheryl ChappleDr Mangala NadkarniDr Cathy RathsamDr Peter YunResearch AssistantsMiss Gina BrowneMiss Ruth EatonTecnhical OfficersMrs Mara CvejicMs Mary Simonian

PhD StudentsMs Kim ChhourMs Alice LenMrs Deborah Macarthur(until September 2005)Ms Hong YuInstitute forImmunology andAllergy ResearchDirectorProf. Graeme StewartPA to Graeme StewartMs Helen SmartLab ManagerMr Stephen SchibeciClinical Trials Co-ordinatorMrs Pamela BurtonImmunologyRegistrarDr Lucinda BerglundClinical Research LeadersDr David FulcherA/Prof. Rob HeardA/Prof. Connie KatelarisViral Immunobiologyand ApoptosisResearch Group LeaderDr Lisa SedgerResearch AssistantMrs Sarah OsvathHonours StudentMs Maha MarmassaniGenetics of MultipleSclerosisResearch Group LeaderDr David BoothPost-doctoral FellowDr Fiona McKayResearch AssistantMrs Najwa MarmashPhD StudentsMr Matthew BugejaMs Suzy Teutsch(until April 2005)Masters StudentMiss Louisa SwainImmunogeneticsScientific OfficerDr Marc BuhlerImmunogenetics ofAsthmaResearch Group LeaderDr Graham JonesResearch AssistantMs Emily ClarkePhD StudentMs Natalie HartleyHonours StudentMs Nusrat RahmanMolecular ImmunologyPost-doctoral FellowDr Salvador GalaPhD StudentMr Elwyn GabuteroCentre for Transplantand Renal ResearchDirector – TranplantationA/Prof Philip O’ConnellDirector – NephrologyProfessor David HarrisClinical Islet andXenotransplantationSenior Research FellowDr Wayne HawthorneResearch AssistantsTina PatelRebecca StokesJane BurgessJennifer O’HaraMatthew VitaloneKelly HuckerStudentsAbe ChandraMoses WavamunnoSatoshi AkimaMeg JardineDenbigh SimondNephrologySenior ScientistDr Yiping WangSenior Research OfficerDr Deepika MahajanDr Guoping ZhengResearch AssistantsYuet-Ching TayStudentsYing (Cindy) WangXiaohong (Jill) QinVincent LeeChenchen JiangKidney RegenerationResearch Group LeaderDr Gopala RanganResearch AssistantsJason CoombesStudentsCam GhatoraEllein MreichImmunobiological ResearchSenior Research FellowDr Shounan YiResearch AssistantHong HaStudentsOuyang LiJing Jing WuLab ManagerGary MartinicCentre for InfectiousDiseases andMicrobiologyDirectorProf. Tania SorrellPA to Tania SorrellMrs Ramona NegreBusiness ManagerMs Helen PinchenClinicalVisiting Medical OfficerDr Kay McKinnonPublic HealthResearch EpidemiologistMs Heather Gidding

Bacterial PathogenesisResearch Group LeaderA/Prof Jon IredellSenior Research OfficerDr Sally PartridgeScientific OfficerMrs Belinda RoychoudhryTechnical OfficerMrs Lee ThomasPhD StudentsMs Jubelle ValenzuelaMs Deborah BlanckenbergMr Bjorn EspedidoMr Andrew GinnMr Pierre Kyme(until September 2005)Masters StudentMrs Lee ThomasFungal PathogenesisResearch Group LeaderDr Julianne DjordjevicSenior Research FellowDr Uwe HimmelreichSenior Research OfficerDr Alfred WidmerResearch OfficerDr Catherine WuMs Michelle Larsen(until July 2005)Research AssistantsMs Sue DowdMrs Ranjini GanendrenMs Christabel WilsonTechnical OfficerMs Damla PowerPhD StudentsMs Orla MorisseyDr Geoffrey PlayfordMs Atitee Rosemary SiafakasMiss Kylie TurnerMolecular MycologyResearch Group LeaderA/Prof. Wieland MeyerResearch AssistantMs Krystyna MaszewskaPhD StudentsMr Popchai NgamskulrungrajMiss Luciana Trilles(until September 2005)Mr Haydar Karaoglu(until July 2005)Masters StudentMs Patricia Escandon(until December 2005)MycologySenior Scientific OfficerDr Catriona HallidayResearch OfficerMs Jesse LayHonours StudentMiss Anna LauVirologyResearch AssistantMs Belinda HerringCancerWestmead Institute forCancer ResearchDirectorProf. Richard KeffordDeputy DirectorA/Prof. Ken BradstockEA to Rick KeffordMs Annette ArkellSecretary to Ken BradstockMs Ursula TyndallLab ManagerDr Greg KaplanAdmin AssistantMs Carol GodsonTechnical AssistantMrs Alicia Smith-WildeyTissue Culture Co-ordinatorMs Caitlin van Holst PellekaanSenior Scientific Officer,Flow CytometryMs Mary SartorBreast CancerResearch Group LeaderA/Prof. Christine ClarkePostdoctoral FellowDr Dinny GrahamResearch OfficerDr Patricia MoteResearch AssistantMs Usha SalagamePhD StudentsMs Rebecca Arnett-MansfieldMiss Kelly Avery(until July 2005)Ms Hazel HillBreast CancerTissue BankProject ManagerMrs Jane CarpenterDatabase AdministratorMr James MillerCell Cycle ResearchResearch Group LeaderDr Helen RizosPost-doctoral FellowDr Jwan Khal(Until June 2005)Research OfficerDr Therese BeckerResearch AssistantsMs Heather McKenzieMrs Mal IrvineMiss Ana AyubPhD StudentsMiss Prerna BadhwarMr Stuart GallagherMr Sebastian HaferkampLeukaemia CellularTherapiesResearch Group LeaderA/Prof. David GottliebSenior Scientific OfficersMs Vicki AntonenasDr Anna HansenResearch OfficerDr Anita GamvrellisDr Haiping Sun(until February 2005)Research AssistantMr Leighton ClancyMr Adam Cisterne(until April 2005)Research TechnicianMiss Elles Simonetti(until February 2005)PhD StudentsMs Jenny LauDr Ken MicklethwaiteFamilial CancerClinical DirectorA/Prof. Judy KirkResearch Group LeaderDr Jenny LearyRegistrarDr Annabel GoodwinResearch FellowDr Susan Shanley(until November 2005)Hospital ScientistMs Tracey Davis(until February 2005)Scientific OfficerMs Barb GuildResearch AssistantMs Monique DysonGenetic CounsellorsMs Sheridan O’Donnell(Until Feb 2005)Ms Jaime JessenMs Poonam ZodgekarData ManagersMs Abhinanda RoyMrs Anna Silvester(until May 2005)Mrs Nishath SyedOffice AdministratorMiss Cathleen KuznesoffGene ExpressionResearch Group LeaderDr Beric HendersonPost-doctoral FellowsDr Myth Tsz Shun MokDr Manisha SharmaDr Mariana BrocardoResearch AssistantMr Cameron Flegg(until March 2005)PhD StudentsMiss Wendy AuMrs Varsha TembeGynaecologicalOncologyResearch Group LeadersDr Anna deFazioA/Prof Paul HarnettResearch OfficerDr Lyndee ScurrResearch AssistantsMs Catherine KennedyMs Yoke-Eng ChiewPhD StudentMiss Natalie GavaHonours StudentMiss Kylie Pryor

Leukaemia Cell BiologyResearch Group LeaderDr Linda BendallResearch AssociateDr John HewsonResearch OfficerDr Aileen dela PenaResearch AssistantMs Rana BarazPhD StudentsMs Shiva GaundarMr Julius JuarezMr Naveed KhanMelanoma and GeneticEpidemiologyResearch Group LeaderA/Prof. Graham MannResearch OfficerDr Gulietta PupoBiospecimen ManagerMiss Chantelle Agha-HamiltonProject Co-ordinatorMs Helen SchmidResearch AssistantsMs Elizabeth HollandMr James IndstoMrs Barbara PetersMr Alex RussellMrs Gina SherryMs Caroline WattsPhD StudentsDr Caroline Thoo(until August 2005)Dr ChaiyapornBoonchalermvichian(until June 2005)Mrs Robyn DalziellDr Sally de ZwaanDr Angelo SklavosMasters StudentMr Menno Dijksttra(until March 2005)Translational OncologyResearch Group LeadersA/Prof Christine ClarkeDr Rosemary BalleineResearch AssistantMiss Pamela ProvanPhD StudentMiss Lucy WebsterLiver andMetabolicStorr Liver UnitDirector, Storr Liver UnitProf. Geoff FarrellPA to Geoff FarrellMrs Joan Longhurst(until February 2005)Admin AssistantMrs Dianne Stephens(until February 2005)Lab ManagerMs Linda FrostClinical HepatologyDirector - ClinicalHepatologyProf Jacob GeorgeCCRE Project LeaderDr Rosemary CarneyClinical Research FellowDr Ian CuaHepatitis C Project OfficerDr Priyanka BandaraResearch FellowDr Dev SamarasingheDr Rita LinResearch AssistantMs Shirley CoverdalePhD StudentDr Hossein PoustchiClinical TrialsDietitianMrs Jennifer GreenMiss Lauren McGrathRegistered NursesMrs Jasmin CaneteMrs Caroline PfeffercornResearch NurseMs Seng Kee TeoTechnical OfficerMrs Lee RussellTechnical OfficerMs Keshni SharmaSecretaryMs Diane WestPhD StudentMs Amanda Johnston(until July 2005)Molecular HepatologyClinical Research FellowDr Ian Bookman(until February 2005)Senior Research OfficerDr Jun Yu(until June 2005)Research FellowDr Narci Teoh(until September 2005)Research OfficersMs Aileen dela PenaMs Helen HouDr Liang Qiao(until May 2005)Dr Rena (Hong Xia) ZhangDr Deama Amr(until Nov 2005)Research AssistantsMrs Jayshree SeshaMs Wan Man Wu(until May 2005)Senior Technical OfficerMs Jacqueline Field(until December 2005)Technical AssistantMiss Jenny ChengPhD StudentMs Claire LarterNASH StudiesResearch OfficersDr Roslyn LondonDr Jianhua WangResearch AssistantsMrs Joanne BrymoraMs Natasha PeraMr MehdiRamezani MoghadamMolecularPharmacologyDirector - MolecularPharmacologyProf Chris LiddleSecretaryMs Bev HackettClinical Research FellowDr Catherine Stedman(until April 2005)Research OfficerDr Anne LehnertResearch AssistantMs Sally CoulterTechnical AssistantMs Caroline WilsonOverseas Exchange StudentMs Marloes Nooitgedacht(until December 2005)PhD StudentsMs Deama Amr(until February 2005)Miss Marina KacevskaDr Rohini SharmaNeuroscienceand VisionBrain Dynamics CentreDirectorA/Prof Lea WilliamsDeputy Director, ClinicalResearchDr Anthony HarrisDeputy Director, BasicResearchDr Chris RennieHead, IntegrativeNeuroscience ProgramA/Prof Evian GordonHead, Borderline PersonalityResearchEmeritus Professor RussellMearesProject OfficerMs Jan AmbroseComputer Systems OfficerMr Alex PhanAttention DeficitHyperactivity DisorderADHD Co-ordinatorMr Daniel Hermens(also PhD Student)Post-doctorate/FellowDr Ilario Lazzaro(honorary)Clinical InvestigatorsDr Simon ClarkeDr Michael KohnPhD StudentMr Nick Cooper

Brain ModellingHead of UnitDr Chris RennieProf Peter RobinsonPost-doctorate/FellowsDr Michael Breakspear(honorary)Dr Jong-Won KimDr Peter LoxleyDr Donald Rowe(honorary)Senior Research OfficerDr Dimitri MelkonyanResearch AssociateDr Peter DrysdalePhD StudentsMr Matthew BartonMr Alan ChiangMr Jonathon ClearwaterMr Richard GrayMr Hal HenkeMr Sacha Van AlbadaMs HuiYing WuHonours StudentMr Cliff KerrCognitiveNeuroscienceHead of UnitA/Prof Lea WilliamsResearch AssociatesMs Justine GattMs Stacey KuanMs Danielle Mathersul(also see Depression)Ms Donna Palmer(also PhD Student)Ms Belinda Liddell(also PhD Student)PhD StudentsMs Ainslie HatchMr Kristan KangMs Pamela MarshHonours StudentsMs Josephine D’AgostinoMr Stuart GrieveMs Corinne RennebergDepressionPost-doc/FellowDr Andrew KempPhD StudentMr Patrick HopkinsonHonours StudentMs Danielle MathersulPost-traumatic StressDisorderHead of UnitProf Richard BryantPost-doctorate/FellowDr Kim FelminghamResearch AssociateMs Elena SimmsPhD StudentsMs Leah CampbellMs Erin FalconerMs Fiona McCallumSchizophreniaHead of UnitDr Anthony HarrisSenior Research OfficerDr Pritha DasPhD StudentsMr Gary FlynnMs Daniella ToscanaMr Thomas WhitfordCentre for VisionResearchDirectorProf. Paul MitchellDeputy DirectorDr Jie Jin WangAdmin OfficerMs Kirsten JakobsenAdmin AssistantMs Maria WangMs Anastacia RochtchinaSenior Scientific OfficerDr Xiao Yang WangNutritional EpidemiologistDr Vicki FloodClinical Trials Co-ordinatorMs Amie ChoData EntryMs Gail LeddinData Manager/StatisticianMs Elena RochtchinaStatisticianMs Annette KifleyMr George BurlutskyStudy Co-ordinatorMs Tania de LorynMs Rochelle EverillMs Katherine Dabich(until March 2005)Ms Sarah McDonald(until June 2005)Ms Donella Burridge(until July 2005)Photographic GraderMs Bronwen TaylorMs Victoria CasattoMs Rita Perri(until July 2005)Photographic Grader/DataManagerMiss Ava TanResearch AssistantsMr Michael CosstickDr Son HuynhMs Mireille MoffittMs Nirvana Naidoo(until July 2005)PhD StudentsMr Alan BarclayDr Ee-Munn ChiaMs Sudha CugatiDr Samantha FraserbellDr Jenny IpDr Anne LeeDr Gerald LieuDr Dana RobaeiDr Paul HealeyMasters StudentDr Shweta KaushikDr Thuan PhamDr Elvis OjaimiCardio-RespiratoryLudwig Engel Centrefor RespiratoryResearchDirectorA/Prof. John WheatleyAssociate Director, ResearchDr Terence AmisPA to John WheatleyMrs Kath ConquestStaff SpecialistsDr Kristina KairaitisA/Prof. Peter MiddletonDr Tracey RobinsonResearch OfficerDr Mervat HallaniResearch StudyCo-ordinatorMrs Sharon LeeIT Support OfficerMiss Yarlini Gnaneswaran(until December 2005)Cystic FibrosisCo-ordinatorMs Jenny BishopResearch AssistantsMr Jerrad Borodzicz(until May 2005)Ms Karen Bovington(until July 2005)Ms Terese Davis(until September 2005)Ms Lauren Howitt(until March 2005)Miss Manisha VermaMr Jason AmatouryMs Louise TylerMs Joan StevensPhD StudentMs Jyotishna NarayanMasters StudentMs Rita PerriCentre for HeartResearchDirectorDr Pramesh KovoorClinical CardiacSenior Staff SpecialistProf. David RossCardiac researchStaff Specialist/SeniorLecturersDr Liza ThomasDr Stuart ThomasStaff SpecialistDr Aravinda ThiagalingamResearch AssistantsMiss Michelle MikhailMr Gary WuMrs Anita BoydTecnhical OfficersMr Tony BarryMrs Vicki EipperPhD StudentMr Jim PouliopoulosMasters StudentDr Suzanne EshooMrs Tanya McKayRegistered Research NurseFiona Cox(Until December 2005)Arun Narayun(Start December 2005)Annemarie Gerke(Start December 2005)

ExecutiveInstitute DirectorProf Tony CunninghamChief Operating OfficerMr Mark DadoExecutive AssistantMs Claire WolczakOperations &SupportOperations ManagerMr Glenn HoldenManager, Facilitiesand Grant AdministrationMr Mark SmithFinance ManagerMr Mark WissamHuman Resources ManagerMs Amanda CloutMarketing &Communications ManagerMs Gayle McNaughtLab ManagersMs Rebecca HowardDr Greg KaplanMs Linda FrostMr Stephen SchibeciMr Gary MartinicIT ManagerMs Robyn Jones(until Feb 2005)Mr Ian MageeAdmin OfficerMs Brenda WilsonBiomedical EngineerDr Rob WilkinsSafety & Training OfficerMr Brian HorsfieldComputer Support OfficersMs Chris CannonMr Blair LawtonMr Bruno MarionMr Adrian PlummerFinance OfficersMr Satish SharmaMs Debra TuckerEthics OfficersMrs Tina GoodenoughMrs Paula EwingsHR AdministratorMiss Amie Sellwood(until October 2005)ReceptionMrs Gail LadnerResearch FacilitiesCo-ordinatorsMrs Christine BrowneMs Caitlin van Holst PellekaanWash Room TechniciansMs Carol DevineMrs Hongya LiuStores OfficerMr Cecil NastCore ResearchFacilitiesBioinformaticsBioinformatics OfficerMr Michael Kirk(until October 2005)Confocal MicroscopyImaging OfficerMs Jacqui MillsDNA MicroarrayMircoarray TechnicianMr Christopher Bye(until September 2005)Ms Chi Hua(until April 2005)Flow CytometryFlow Cytometry TechnicianMs Sanda LumHistologyHistology TechnicianMs Aysen YukselProtein ProductionFacilityProteomics OfficerDr Eve DiefenbachTransgenicsTransgenic AnimalCo-OrdinatorMs Sandie BrownWestmead DNAManagerMr Ilya HennerTechnical OfficerMr Alex Shaw(until October 2005)Electron MicroscopeLaboratoryE.M. Unit Co-ordinatorMr Ross Boadle

PublicationsAdams LA, Bulsara M, Rossi E, DeBoerB, Speers D, George J, Kench J, FarrellG, McCaughan W and Jeffrey GP.Hepascore – An accurate validatedpredictor of liver fibrosis in chronichepatitis C infection. Clinical Chemistry.51:1867-1873.Aghmesheh M, Edwards L, Clarke CL,Byth K, Katzenellenbogen BS, RussellPJ, Friedlander M, Tucker KM, de FazioA. Expression of steroid hormonereceptors in BRCA1-associated ovariancarcinomas. Gynecological Oncology97(1):16-25.Ahern V, Brennan M, Ung O, Kefford R.Locally advanced and inflammatorybreast cancer. Aust Fam Physician.Dec;34(12):1027-32.Alexander DM Trengove C, Johnston P,Cooper T, August JP & Gordon E.Separating individual skin conductanceresponses in a short interstimulusintervalparadigm. J Neurosci Methods146, 116-123.Au WW, Henderson BR. The BRCA1RING and BRCT domains cooperate intargeting BRCA1 to ionizing radiationinducednuclear foci. J Biol Chem280(8):6993-7001.Baird PN, Richardson AJ, Craig JE,Rochtchina E, Mackey DA, Mitchell P.The Q368STOP myocilin mutation in apopulation-based cohort: the BlueMountains Eye Study. Am JOphthalmology 139(6):1125-6Bandara P, George J, McCaughan G,Naidoo D, Lux O, Salonikas C, Kench J,Byth K, Farrell GC. Antioxidant levels inperipheral blood, disease activity andfibrotic stage in chronic hepatitis C.Liver Int 25(3):518-26.Becker TM, Ayub AL, Kefford RF, MannGJ, Rizos H. The melanoma-associated24 base pair duplication in p16INK4a isfunctionally impaired. Int J Cancer20;117(4):569-73.Becker TM, Rizos H, de la Pena A,Leclercq IA, Woodruff S, Kefford RF,Mann GJ. Impaired inhibition of NFkappaBactivity by melanomaassociatedp16INK4a mutations.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.332(3):873-9.Bendall L, Campana D, Iwamoto S,Bradstock K. Chemokines and theirreceptors in disease. Histol Histopathol.20(3):907-26.Bendall LJ, Baraz R, Juarez J, Shen W,Bradstock KF. Defective p38 mitogenactivatedprotein kinase signalingimpairs chemotaxic but not proliferativeresponses to stromal-derived factor-1alpha in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Cancer Res. 65(8):3290-8.Bernhard OK, Diefenbach RJ,Cunningham AL. New insights into viralstructure and virus-cell interactionsthrough proteomics. Expert RevProteomics. 2(4):577-88.Booth DR, Arthur AT, Teutsch SM, ByeC, Rubio J, Armati PJ, Pollard JD,Heard RN, Stewart GJ; The SouthernMS Genetics Consortium. Geneexpression and genotyping studiesimplicate the interleukin 7 receptor inthe pathogenesis of primary progressivemultiple sclerosis. J Mol Med.83(10):822-30.Bosnjak L, Jones CA, Abendroth A,Cunningham AL. Dendritic cell biologyin herpesvirus infections. Viral Immunol.18(3):419-33.Bosnjak L, Miranda-Saksena M, KoelleDM, Boadle RA, Jones CA,Cunningham AL. Herpes simplex virusinfection of human dendritic cellsinduces apoptosis and allows crosspresentationvia uninfected dendriticcells. J Immunol. 15;174(4):2220-7.Bradstock K. Lymphoma: the good, thebad and the ugly. Med Today 6(9): 25-33.Bradstock KF, Matthews JP, LowenthalRM, Baxter H, Catalano J, Brighton T,Gill D, Eliadis P, Joshua D, Cannell P,Schwarer AP, Durrant S, Gillett A,Koutts J, Taylor K, Bashford J, Arthur C,Enno A, Dunlop L, Szer J, Leahy M,Juneja S, Young GA; AustralasianLeukaemia and Lymphoma Group. Arandomized trial of high-versusconventional-dose cytarabine inconsolidation chemotherapy for adultde novo acute myeloid leukemia in firstremission after induction therapycontaining high-dose cytarabine. Blood.105(2):481-8.Breakspear M, Stam, CJ. Dynamics ofa neural system with a multiscalearchitecture. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 1-24.Brennan M, French J, Houssami N, KirkJ, Boyages J. Breast cancer in youngwomen. Aust Fam Physician.34(10):851-5.Brickman AM, Paul RH, Cohen RA,Williams LM, MacGregor KL, JeffersonAL, Tate DF, Gunstad J, & Gordon E.Category and letter verbal fluencyacross the adult lifespan: Relationship toEEG theta power Arch ClinNeuropsychology 20,561-573.Brocardo M, Nathke IS, Henderson BR.Redefining the subcellular location andtransport of APC: new insights using apanel of antibodies. EMBO Reports6(2):184-90.Bryant RA, Felmingham KL, Kemp AH,Barton M, Rennie CJ, Gordon E &Williams LM. Neural networks ofinformation processing in PosttraumaticStress Disorder: A Functional MRIStudy. Biol Psychiatry 58, 111-118.Bugeja MJ, Booth DR, Bennetts BH,Heard RN, Burgner D, Stewart GJ. Aninvestigation of NOS2A promoterpolymorphisms in Australian multiplesclerosis patients. Eur J Hum Genet.13(7):815-22.Bugge E, Nicholson IA, Thomas SP.Comparison of bipolar and unipolarradiofrequency ablation in an in vivoexperimental model. Eur J CardiothoracSurg. 28(1):76-80; discussion 80-2.Byrne JA, Balleine RL, Fejzo MS,Mercieca J, Chiew YE, Livnat Y, StHeaps L, Peters GB, Byth K, Karlan BY,Slamon DJ, Harnett P, Defazio A. Tumorprotein D52 (TPD52) is overexpressedand a gene amplification target inovarian cancer. Int J Cancer20;117(6):1049-54.Cali L, Wang B, Mikhail M, Gill MJ,Beckthold B, Salemi M, Jans DA, PillerSC, Saksena NK. Evidence for hostdrivenselection of the HIV type 1 vprgene in vivo during HIV diseaseprogression in a transfusion-acquiredcohort. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses.21(8):728-33.Campana D, Iwamoto S, Bendall L,Bradstock K. Growth requirements andimmunophenotype of acutelymphoblastic leukaemia progenitors.Blood 105(10):4150.Campbell LT, Currie BJ, KrockenbergerM, Malik R, Meyer W, Heitman J, CarterD. Clonality and recombination ingenetically differentiated subgroups ofCryptococcus gattii. Eukaryot Cell.4(8):1403-9.Chandrasekaran S, Rochtchina E,Mitchell P. Effects of caffeine onintraocular pressure: the Blue MountainsEye Study. J Glaucoma. 14(6):504-7.Chapman JR, O’Connell PJ, NankivellBJ. Chronic renal allograft dysfunction.J Am Soc Nephrol. 16(10):3015-26.Chapman JR. Commentary:harmonizing the regulators.Transplantation. 79(6):638.Chapman JR. Longitudinal analysis ofchronic allograft nephropathy:Clinicopathologic correlations. KidneyInt Suppl. 99:S108-12.Chew CB, Potter SJ, Wang B, WangYM, Shaw CO, Dwyer DE, Saksena NK.Assessment of drug resistancemutations in plasma and peripheralblood mononuclear cells at differentplasma viral loads in patients receivingHAART. J Clin Virol. 33(3):206-16.Chhour KL, Nadkarni MA, Byun R,Martin FE, Jacques NA, Hunter N.Molecular analysis of microbial diversityin advanced caries. 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The Millennium FoundationThe Millennium Foundationis the main fundraising bodysupporting WestmeadMillennium Institute.The Foundation assists the Institute by providing scholarships andgrants each year. These grants include ‘initiating’or ‘start-up’ grantswhich enable young doctors and scientists to commence anexciting and significant career in medical research. ‘Top-up’ grantsare then provided to enablethe continuation of their vital work.Additionally, the Foundation raises funds to support our researchteams to continue the ongoing search for cures and treatments.Funds are raised typically from a number of sources includingcorporate partners, individual donors, community giving, bequestsand events.Fundraising highlights for 2005A Night With The Stars – Held at the Westin Hotel Sydney in March2005, a record 860 guests, where entertained by a host of wellknown stars and celebrities as well as leading politicians. Guestsdug deep and an outstanding $500,000 was raised on the night.A big thank you to Yum! Restaurants International and all othersponsors and supporters of the night.Pollie Pedal 2005 – The 7th Pollie Pedal was held in April withparticipants cycling over 1,000 kms from Sydney to Tamworth andback to Sydney. Organised by The Hon Tony Abbott’s office andThe Millennium Foundation, this year’s ride raised a record$200,000. We are grateful for the support of sponsors and thecyclists who participated in the event.Clubs Race Day – The Millennium Foundation’s annual Club RaceDay held at Rosehill Gardens is always a great event on ourcalendar. Always well supported by the clubs of Western Sydneyand their suppliers, the day raised $52,000.Holroyd Rotary Princess Quest – Six lively and enthusiastic youngwomen took on the task of raising money for the 2005 HolroydRotary Princess Quest which benefited Ovarian Cancer. Togetherthey raised a outstanding $50,000.Chinese Banquet – The NSW Chefs Association held its inauguralCharity Gala Dinner in November 2004. 30 of NSW’s most famousChinese Chefs prepared a sumptuous eight course dinner andraised over $40,000 to aid a liver disease laboratory. Thank you tothe NSW Chefs Association.How can you help us?Medical research relies on the supportof individuals, business, community andservice groups.Any assistance you can give, large or small,is valuable and amounts over $2.00 are taxdeductible.Donations can be made by sending acheque, money order or credit card detailsto the following address:The Millennium FoundationPO Box 74Westmead NSW 2145Telephone +61 2 9845 6289Fax +61 2 9687 0956Email foundation@wmi.usyd.edu.auFor more information about how youcan help support medical research,call our toll free number: 1800 639 037

Westmead MillenniumInstitute at a glanceResearch DivisionsInfection and ImmunityCentre for Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyCentre for Virus ResearchCentre for Transplant and Renal ResearchInstitute of Dental ResearchInstitute for Immunology and Allergy ResearchCancerWestmead Institute for Cancer ResearchLiver and MetabolicStorr Liver UnitNeuroscience and VisionBrain Dynamics CentreCentre for Vision ResearchCardio-respiratoryCentre for Heart ResearchLudwig Engel Centre for Respiratory ResearchCore Research FacilitiesBioinformaticsConfocal MicroscopeDNA MicroarrayDNA SequencerElectron MicroscopeFlow CytometryProtein ProductionDNA irradiationCollaborative Research CentresNHMRC Centre of Clinical ResearchExcellence to Improve Outcomes in ChronicLiver DiseaseNHMRC Centre of Clinical ResearchExcellence in Renal MedicineNHMRC Centre of Clinical ResearchExcellence to Improve Outcomes inImmunosuppressed Haematology PatientsAustralian Centre for HIV and HepatitisVirology ResearchThe Sydney Myopia StudyThe Sydney Paediatric Eye StudyThe Blue Mountain Eye StudyAustralian Melanoma Family StudyNSW Breast Cancer Tissue BankInternational Melanoma ConsortiumKathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortiumfor Research into Familial Breast CancerThe IDEAL Trial - Initiating DialysisEarly and LateGenes Associated with Multiple Sclerosisin Europeans (GAME)Swedish and Australian Collaborationfor Research into Atopic DermatitisNational Pancreas Transplantation Centredesigned and produced by the gallery

Darcy Road, PO Box 412Westmead NSW AustraliaTelephone +61 2 9845 9000Fax +61 2 9845 9100www.wmi.usyd.edu.au