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Table of ContentsExecutive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2SECTION 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.2 Women, work and unions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6OUR FINDINGSSECTION 2 Work realities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.1 The harsh impact of the loss of unionized jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.2 From full-time to precarious work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.3 Working poor in the care economy: homecare and healthcare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15SECTION 3 What unions mean to women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183.1 The union advantage for women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183.2 The undermining of workers’ rights and union gains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22SECTION 4 What keeps women going. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254.1 Hard realities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254.2 The next generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264.3 Hopes and aspirations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28SECTION 5 Changing lives, claiming power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305.1 The Toronto Public Library Workers Union (TPLWU) CUPE Local 4948 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305.2 A New Horizon in Labour Organizing: US fast food workers take to the streets . . . . . . . . . . . 325.3 Campaign to raise the minimum wage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335.4 Unifor Community Chapters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345.5 Live-in care givers and homeworkers — Migrante and the USW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365.6 Organizing PSWs: SEIU Healthcare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36SECTION 6 Changes women want . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.1 In conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366.2 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36SECTION 7 How we did the research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

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