Volume V (2) - Institute for Plasma Focus Studies

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Large scale Fusion Experiments • Tokamaks: Low density, long confinement plasmas • Laser Implosions: Super-dense, sub-nanosecond plasmas Pinches: Dense, microsecond plasmas Smaller scale Fusion Experiments
• <strong>Plasma</strong> <strong>Focus</strong> (PF)- Introduction – remarkably copious source of multiple radiation: x-rays, fast electrons, ions and plasma stream – Fusion neutrons demonstrated even in table top devices – same energy density at storage energy levels of 0.1-1000 kJ; hence scalability of neutrons
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A Selection of published/presented
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The Universal Plasma Focus Facility
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Response to “Comment on ‘Pinch
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1276 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SC
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023309-2 Lee et al. J. Appl. Phys.
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IOP PUBLISHING PLASMA PHYSICS AND C
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Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 51 (20
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IOP PUBLISHING PLASMA PHYSICS AND C
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J Fusion Energ DOI 10.1007/s10894-0
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224 J Fusion Energ (2010) 29:223-23
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226 J Fusion Energ (2010) 29:223-23
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228 J Fusion Energ (2010) 29:223-23
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230 J Fusion Energ (2010) 29:223-23
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Neutron yield saturation in plasma
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151503-3 S. Lee Appl. Phys. Lett. 9
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• Introduction Plan of Talk • D
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1971: David Potter published “ Nu
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1997 ICDMP (International Centre fo
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Most important general property of
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Diagnostics from modelling: The Mod
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Imaging the Radial Phases of the Pl
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a radius Radial inward shock phase
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Plasma focus circuit
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Dynamic Resistance depends on speed
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The role of the current • Current
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From Measured Current Waveform to M
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Fitting computed Itotal waveform to
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Current in kA Voltage in kV Diagnos
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Speeds in cm/usec SXR Power in GW n
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•.b
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Desirable characteristics of a Mode
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Insight into Neutron saturation •
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Illustrating Yn ‘saturation’ ob
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Comparing Itotal for small & large
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Illustrating the dominance of DR0 a
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We have shown that: constancy of DR
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Conclusions and Discussion Diagnost
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Conclusions and Discussion Beyond s
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Thank You Acknowledge contributions
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Appendix: Dynamic Resistance Consid
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certainly more consistent with all
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where for the temperatures of inter
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This compares to an earlier study c
Page 111 and 112: Conclusion Numerical experiments ca
Page 113 and 114: NUCLEAR&RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
Page 123 and 124: Fusion Energy and the Plasma Focus
Page 125 and 126: STARS:- Nature’s Plasma Fusion Re
Page 127 and 128: Natural Fusion Reactors vs Fusion E
Page 129 and 130: Introductory: What is a Plasma? Mat
Page 131 and 132: Major technological applications
Page 133 and 134: Scenario: World Population stabiliz
Page 135 and 136: Without a new abundant source of en
Page 137 and 138: Collisions in a Plasma The hotter t
Page 139 and 140: Isotopes of hydrogen- Fuel of Fusio
Page 141 and 142: Conversion of mass into Energy
Page 143 and 144: Summary of Conditions Technological
Page 145 and 146: Low Density, Long-lived Approach (M
Page 147 and 148: agnetic Yoke to induce Plasma Curre
Page 149 and 150: Inside JET
Page 151 and 152: Energy confinement time t scales as
Page 153 and 154: International Collaboration to deve
Page 155 and 156: ITER Construction has now started i
Page 157 and 158: FIRE: Incorporates Many Advanced Fe
Page 159 and 160: The other approach: Pulsed Super-hi
Page 161: Cross-sectional view of the KOYO-F
Page 165 and 166: THE PLASMA FOCUS (PF) • The PF is
Page 167 and 168: Radial Compression (Pinch) Phase of
Page 169 and 170: Same Energy Density in small and bi
Page 171 and 172: Chart from M Scholz (November 2007
Page 173 and 174: Comparing generator impedance & Dyn
Page 175 and 176: At IPFS, we have shown that: consta
Page 177 and 178: Possible ways to improve Yn: Conclu
Page 179 and 180: Conclusion: • Tokamak programme i
Page 191 and 192: Latest Trends in Plasma Focus Fusio
Page 193 and 194: When matter is heated to high tempe
Page 195 and 196: Superior method for super-dense- ho
Page 197 and 198: z=0 Two Phases of the Plasma Focus
Page 199 and 200: Plasma Focus Devices in Singapore T
Page 201 and 202: Small PF, high rep rate for materia
Page 203 and 204: High Power Radiation from PF • Po
Page 205 and 206: Modern Status Now PF facilities (sm
Page 208: PF-1000, IPPLM, Warsaw Charging vol
Page 211: Computed Properties of the PF1000:
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PF-3 Experimental Setup- with plasm
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Experiments with liners Long radial
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KPF-4 (“PHOENIX”), SPhTI, Sukhu
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Some conclusions of plasma- wall in
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International Collaboration • Pla
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IAEA Co-ordinated Research Programm
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Chart from M Scholz (November 2007
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Comparing generator impedance & Dyn
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Confirming Ipeak saturation is due
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Insight- neutron saturation • A m
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Ongoing IPFS numerical experiments
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Plasma Focus Advanced Fuel Fusion
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Conclusions and Discussion Latest T
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Content • Thermonuclear fusion re
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Tokamak-planned nuclear fusion reac
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Introductory: What is a Plasma? Mat
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Major technological applications
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Scenario: World Population stabiliz
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Without a new abundant source of en
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Nuclear Fusion If a Collision is su
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Release of energy in Fusion
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Fusion Energy Equivalent 50 cups wa
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Energy-Demand and Supply: 3% demand
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1Q=10 18 BTU~10 21 J World reserves
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Thermalised parameter for D-T, D-D
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Mean free paths and mean free times
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Containing the Hot Plasma Long-live
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Schematic of Tokamak
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JET (Joint European Torus) • Proj
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JET X-Section
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Fusion Temperature attained Fusion
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ITER (International Thermonuclear E
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Q>10 and Beyond ITER : to demonstra
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Potential Next Step Fusion Burning
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Pulsed Fusion: Radiation Compressio
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Large scale Fusion Experiments •
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Superior method for dense pinches
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The Plasma Dynamics in Focus HV 30
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High Power Radiation from PF • po
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One of most exciting properties of
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Yn ‘saturation’ observed in num
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Confirming Ipeak saturation is due
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THANK YOU Appreciation to the follo
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Plan of Talk • Description of PF
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One method: electrical discharge th
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THE PLASMA FOCUS • The PF is divi
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Radial Compression (Pinch) Phase of
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Plasma Focus Devices in Singapore T
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300J PF: (2.4 µF, T/4 ~ 400 ns, 15
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Applications (non-fusion) SXR Litho
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3 4 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 PF SXR Schemat
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X-ray Micromachining
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Other Applications • Studies on R
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Most important general property of
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Modern Status Now PF facilities (sm
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PF 1000 ICDMP Poland-M Scholz
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An interesting trend-Numerical Expe
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Plasma Focus PF-3 Built in 1983 •
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12 C0 S Experimental set-up - Dust
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KPF-4 (“PHOENIX”), SPhTI, Sukhu
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Presented by A.Tartari, University
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UNU/ICTP Training Programmes AAAPT
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Neutron yields N against energy E,
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Insight into Neutron saturation •
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Illustrating Yn ‘saturation’ ob
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Illustrating the dominance of DR0 a
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We have shown that: constancy of DR
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Conclusions and Discussion Yn satur
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Plasma Fusion Energy Technology S L
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STARS:- Nature’s Plasma Fusion Re
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Natural Fusion Reactors vs Fusion E
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Introductory: What is a Plasma? Mat
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Major technological applications
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Scenario: World Population stabiliz
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Without a new abundant source of en
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Collisions in a Plasma The hotter t
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Isotopes of hydrogen- Fuel of Fusio
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Conversion of mass into Energy
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Summary of Conditions Technological
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Low Density, Long-lived Approach (M
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Magnetic Yoke to induce Plasma Curr
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Inside JET
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Energy confinement time t scales as
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International Collaboration to deve
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ITER A more detailed drawing
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Vacuum & Cryogenics Vacuum vessel:
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BLANKET: covers the interior surfac
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An extensive diagnostic system (50
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Plasma Heating • The temperatures
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Cooling and heat Transfer
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Q>10 and Beyond ITER : to demonstra
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Potential Next Step Fusion Burning
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Pulsed Fusion: Radiation Compressio
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Large scale Fusion Experiments •
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• Plasma Focus (PF)- - remarkably
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The Plasma Dynamics in Focus HV 30
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High Power Radiation from PF • po
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INTI UC Centre for Plasma Research
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Same Energy Density in small and bi
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One of most exciting properties of
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LogYn, Yn in 10^10 Global Scaling L
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Schematic of Plasma Focus Axial Pha
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Comparing generator impedance & Dyn
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IPFS-INTI UC Project: we have shown
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Beyond saturation?-to stimulate the
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This latest research breakthrough b
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THANK YOU Appreciation to the follo
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IOP PUBLISHING JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D
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J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42 (2009) 0
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Backward high energy ion beams from
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074506-3 Backward high energy ion b
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This article appeared in a journal
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Fig. 1. Layout of time resolved and
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Fig. 5. A “fitted” current trac
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Volume V (2) - Institute for Plasma Focus Studies

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