2_SK Handa.pdf - World Petroleum Council

Primary Upgrading Process SelectionDelayed Coking• Offers low liquid product yielddue to 25~35% coke make & ~10% gas make.• Products have high aromaticcontent, not suitable for FCCfeedstock.• Not favorable fromenvironmental considerations.• Coke disposal by gasification.SDA & Hydroconversion• Super critical solvent extractiongets high DAO yield (70~80%).• DAO is of high quality achievedby selectively removing solidasphaltenes.• Without SDA, hydroconversionmay suffer from shorter cyclelength caused by catalyst fouling.• Pitch disposal by gasification.Delayed coking is not an idealoption for upgrading heavy /bituminous feedstocks though itrequires lower capital investment.SDA combined withHydroconversion can producehigher liquid volume of betterquality Syncrude but the capitalcost is higher.www.engineersindia.com