Katrina’s Aftermathnot just because, day after day, we’reforced to write about conditions thatcould destroy us, such as weak leveesand the receding coastal buffer zone.Everyone in the newsroom has beenforced to confront questions that havefaced everyone who has returned toNew Orleans, especially people whosehomes were ruined. Rebuild or demolish?Stay or move?There are no right answers, norwrong ones. But each choice involves—and creates—stress. Two policemenkilled themselves, as did the brotherof a colleague whose pediatric practicehad, literally, washed away afterhis little patients evacuated with theirparents. Mental health counselors arebusy, and prescriptions for anti-anxietyand anti-depression medications haverisen significantly throughout the area.They have become so commonplace inpost-Katrina New Orleans that the relativemerits of such drugs as Wellbutrin,Cymbalta and Xanax are discussed asroutinely—and openly—as the fortunesof the New Orleans Saints, ourpro-football team.But sometimes, for some people,everything can become too much. JohnMcCusker, one of our photographerswho had stayed behind in New Orleansto chronicle the destruction of hishometown, was deeply troubled. Hishouse had been ruined, and insurersrefused to give him the reimbursementhe needed. One night in August 2006,McCusker snapped. He led police on awild, careening chase through UptownNew Orleans and finally begged themto shoot him after he pinned an officerbeneath his car. After being broughtdown with a Taser, McCusker was ledoff in handcuffs to jail and, later, toone of the city’s few remaining psychiatricbeds.McCusker, who is back at work, discussedhis stress in an interview witha Brown <strong>University</strong> student: “Somenights … just in despair you lay in yourbed, and like you’re a three-year-oldand you just lay there and say, ‘Oh, myGod. I want to go home.’ And you can’tgo home.” McCusker’s desperation hithard because it forced us to realize thatwe were all still coping with a lot ofthe same pressure.Yet we keep at our jobs, surroundedin our newsroom by desks once occupiedby colleagues who have movedaway. Some desks have new occupants,talented young journalists who aredrawn by the story of a lifetime. AsNew Orleans struggles to rebuild, wehave to keep documenting what happens.As we do so, we walk a tightrope,trying to remain professional withoutseeming cold. Ours is a sacred obligation,and it’s nowhere near over. I tooksome wry satisfaction from an editorof a Hiroshima paper—one of a longprocession of journalistic visitors to ournewsroom—who said his city, whichan atomic bomb had leveled in August1945, was thriving.That’s good to know, but will ourrecovery take 60 years?Supportive spouses, friends andcolleagues are invaluable. Through ourwork, strong ties have been formedthat more than one colleague likenedto the bonds that soldiers form incombat. That’s an apt comparison, butthere’s a difference. People who fightwars—or cover them—usually havesafe, comfortable homes to return to.Our war came to us, and it’s nowherenear over. John Pope is a reporter for The Times-Picayune.A Forceful Voice About a City’s SurvivalWith the ‘transformative power of anger, I was converted into a full-time columnistwho took on the serious work of defending a city.’By Jarvis DeBerryAjournalist given a new beat orassigned a new topic is expectedto be an instant expert, an authorityon a subject that’s somewhatunfamiliar. A good journalist, therefore,must be a quick study. “It doesn’tmatter how long you’ve known it,” I’veheard some of my colleagues say. “Whatmatters is that you know it.”When the subject is New Orleans,however, the honest journalist willadmit that instant expertise is impossibleto attain. It is a place that oftenseems impossible to figure out if onlybecause of its many contradictions. Forexample, New Orleans is a city heavilyinfluenced by France and West Africaand Spain and Haiti and, to some extent,even America, and yet maintainsan attitude that it doesn’t want to beinfluenced by outsiders.New Orleans takes some gettingused to.It is a place where the people sing,even when all they’re doing is talking.It is a place where “Baby” is not onlywhat the waitress calls you when she’stopping off your coffee, but is also howone grown man might refer to anotherwithout the suspicion that either oneis gay. It is home to accents that arenever conveyed accurately in the moviesand to grammatical constructions32 <strong>Nieman</strong> Reports / Fall 2007
Long-Term Coverageand mispronunciations that confoundthe newcomer until he considers thatEnglish was not the city’s first language.Nor was it the second.Knowing those things can help acolumnist writing for the daily newspaper,but embracing those quirks helpseven more. That is, it is not enough toknow New Orleans’s peculiar history;that can be found in books. It is moreimportant to acknowledge that thedifferences represent a perfectly acceptableway of being and to rememberthat because the city doesn’t want tobe like any place else, comparing itto every place else is a surefire way toboth insult its residents and overlookits unique charm.Accepting the city for what it is doesnot mean accepting things the way theyare. If everything were perfect, therewould be no columnists. No, it meansaccepting New Orleans’s idiosyncrasies,its multiple personalities, as thepositives they are while blasting awayat those things that threaten the city’sway of life, if not its very existence.Who’d have thought that we’d everbe talking about threats to the city’sexistence? Or that there would ever be adebate as to whether this city—this cityof all cities—should continue to exist?The Times-Picayune can’t have but oneforceful opinion on that topic, and I’vebeen fortunate enough to be one of theones who gets to express it.Defending New OrleansI wrote a weekly column for the newspaperbefore catastrophic levee failuresput 80 percent of New Orleans underwater, but those columns now appearto me to have been written by a differentperson. There’s a difference betweenwriting from a city where everybodywants to come at least once to party andwriting from a city that some governmentofficials say no longer deserves tobe. Before the storm, I was an editorialwriter who had fun writing a weeklycolumn. Thanks to an executive decisionby editor Jim Amoss and editorialpage editor Terri Troncale, but moresignificantly to the transformativepower of anger, I was converted intoa full-time columnist who took on theserious work of defending a city.I was not born in New Orleansand, given the city’s aforementionedresistance to outsiders’ opinions, thatis probably reason enough for someNew Orleanians to ignore what I haveto say. Just the other day I heard a localpundit exclaim, “You don’t chooseto be a New Orleanian. You’re born aNew Orleanian.” He was serious. Byhis definition, I will never, can never,be of this city.But I am not a mercenary. This fightAccepting the city forwhat it is does not meanaccepting things the waythey are. If everythingwere perfect, therewould be no columnists.for the city’s survival is as personal forme as it is for the native born. I knowwhat it’s like to lose a house, a car,and one’s entire community in onefell swoop. I know what it’s like to seeone’s personal belongings in a soddenheap on a buckled-up hardwoodfloor. I know what it’s like to say I havesomething—a book, a CD, an articleof clothing, a photograph—and in themiddle of that sentence stop myself andsay, “Well, I used to have ….”I think of myself as an advocate forthose who used to have. Granted, notall those who used to have will alwaysthink of me as an advocate for them.Though everybody here is in agreementthat New Orleans should continue tobe, there is no consensus as to how itshould be. I am in favor of a denser city,where most people live on the city’snatural ridges and fewer people livein the areas that were populated afterthe swamps were pumped dry. However,many people who live in thoseneighborhoods respond that the ArmyCorps of Engineers promised themprotection, too, and that they have asmuch right to go home as anybody else.Besides, insurance settlements must bespent on the damaged property. Whereelse can they go?In the larger sense, it doesn’t matterif my readers and I disagree about someof the <strong>issue</strong>s related to rebuilding. Whatmatters is that my opinions are builton a foundation of love and respect forthe city and its culture and that I notpretend to be objective when thosereaders are desperate for someone whowill passionately defend them.Though I am personally in as muchtrouble and dealing with as much worryas the people I interview, I cannotimagine a more enviable assignment.Hurricane Katrina, with the exceptionof the terrorist attacks of 2001, is themost significant American news storyof this young century. Some may haveoriginally categorized it as a weatherstory, but it’s much more wide reachingthan that. Can an American cityreally die before our eyes? What are theconsequences of long-term poverty, asepitomized by what happened here? Ishomeownership really the safest wayto build wealth? What happens whenthe people in a relatively isolated citybecome a diaspora? How does thefederal government respond when itis to blame for much of the ineptitudewe’ve experienced? Who have webecome—both as a forgetful and dismissivenation and as a city trying toreform itself?The opportunity to write about thesethings has come at a great cost. To bethe observer and commentator, I’ve hadto live in a struggling city where I amalso the thing observed. But I wouldn’thave it any other way. New Orleans ismy home. I long ago stopped tryingto figure it out, even stopped trying tofigure out why I live here. The simpleanswer is that it’s the experience for me.And it’s the experience that hundredsof thousands of those making up thediaspora long to know again. Jarvis DeBerry is a columnist at TheTimes-Picayune.<strong>Nieman</strong> Reports / Fall 2007 33