Exam-like exercise set

Question 44.1 (2 points) Oceansa. exchange energy with the atmosphere.b. transfer heat toward the poles.c. are a source of atmospheric water vapor.d. all of the abovee. none of the above4.2 (2 points) At which of the following latitudes does the atmosphere transfer more energy polewardthan oceans do?a. 25 degreesb. 40 degreesc. 50 degreesd. 60 degreese. 75 degrees4.3 (2 points) The Ekman spirala. is initiated by persistent surface winds.b. is unrelated to Coriolis force.c. only occurs in equatorial waters.d. results in subsurface water moving directly opposite to surface winds.e. all of the above4.4 (2 points) Ocean upwellinga. brings warm water to the surface.b. typically results in nutrient-poor surface waters.c. occurs along the coast of Northern California.d. requires poleward winds running parallel to the western coast of a continent.e. does not involve Ekman transport.4.5 (2 points) An El Niño event is triggered whena. the Pacific equatorial currents grow in strength.b. trade winds weaken or reverse direction.c. upwelling increases along the coast of Ecuador and Peru.d. ocean waters around Indonesia increase in temperature.e. La Niña is halfway through its cycle.(answers: d,a,a,c,b)4.6 (5 points) Draw a map showing the overall structure of surface flow in the world’s oceans, andidentifying the main currents.4.7 (5 points) Explain the causes and nature of Ekman transport.4.8 (5 points) What effects does El Niño have on the ocean, atmosphere, and global climate?4