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Index<br />

Current<br />

Version 6.6 <strong>of</strong> 25.11.2012: Proposition concerning the simplex method proved.<br />

Introduction (revised: 25.09.2011)<br />

What is the aim <strong>of</strong> this homepage?<br />

Informatics (revised: 25.09.2011)<br />

Radio computing, internet and co, programming with Stair and sorting and searching<br />

Linguistics (revised: 09.04.2011)<br />

Binary <strong>font</strong>, <strong>font</strong> <strong>Fon<strong>to</strong></strong>, ambisexuality, planned language Lango and language <strong>of</strong> science<br />

Mathematics (revised: 25.11.2012)<br />

Geometry, equitable distributing, set theory, nonstandardanalysis, optimisation, representations,<br />

transcendent numbers and calculation <strong>of</strong> times<br />

Philosophy (revised: 10.05.2011)<br />

Consciousness, reference theory, interview, problem solutions and knowledge representation<br />

Physics (revised: 30.10.2011)<br />

Oscillations and universe<br />

Politics (revised: 11.04.2009)<br />

The political site <strong>of</strong> the religion <strong>of</strong> love on www.relil.org<br />

Religion (revised: 21.02.2011)<br />

Description <strong>of</strong> www.relil.eu, www.relil.net and www.relil.de<br />

About me (revised: 06.09.2009)<br />

<strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong><br />

Bibliography (revised: 21.11.2012)<br />

Books used<br />

Subject catalogue (revised: 25.09.2011)<br />

Central terms<br />

Definitions and glossary (revised: 13.02.2011)<br />

Terms used differently<br />

Private (revised: 05.12.2008)<br />

Admission only by user and password<br />

Revisional his<strong>to</strong>ry:<br />

25.11.2012: Optimisation improved and mathematics extended. #44<br />

12.06.2012: Nonstandardanalysis and mathematics completed. #43<br />

07.04.2012: Nonstandardanalysis improved. #42<br />

06.04.2012: Transcendent numbers and mathematics improved. #41<br />

05.04.2012: Set theory improved. #40<br />

30.10.2011: Formulas in oscillations prettified.<br />

29.10.2011: Nonstandardanalysis altered resp. completed. #39<br />

25.10.2011: Mathematics, set theory and transcendent numbers altered resp. extended. #38<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 1 <strong>of</strong> 154


25.09.2011: Radio computing inserted. #37<br />

22.09.2011: Sorting and searching extended. #36<br />

09.07.2011: Sorting and searching as well as nonstandardanalysis completed. #35<br />

07.06.2011: Transcendent numbers completed. #34<br />

10.05.2011: Reference theory and universe extended. #33<br />

09.04.2011: Language <strong>of</strong> science extended. #32<br />

07.03.2011: Language <strong>of</strong> science inserted, introduction and linguistics completed. #31<br />

13.02.2011: Programming with Stair inserted, introduction and informatics completed. #30<br />

11.01.2011: Consciousness extended. #29<br />

07.12.2010: Introduction changed, philosophy rephrased and consciousness inserted as well<br />

as carried over from reference theory. #28<br />

12.11.2010: Geometry inserted and introduction and mathematics extended. #27<br />

06.11.2010: Problem solutions completed. #26<br />

05.11.2010: Problem solutions completed. #25<br />

09.10.2010: Reference theory extended. #24<br />

17.09.2010: Sorting and searching extended. #23<br />

13.09.2010: Reference theory completed. #22<br />

11.09.2010: Reference theory completed. #21<br />

03.06.2010: Nonstandardanalysis inserted and introduction and mathematics extended. #20<br />

30.05.2010: Set theory extended. #19<br />

11.04.2010: Introduction, informatics and sorting completed by searching. #18<br />

21.03.2010: Introduction, informatics and sorting completed. #17<br />

13.03.2010: Oscillations extended. #16<br />

07.03.2010: Problem solutions inserted and introduction and philosophy extended. #15<br />

16.01.2010: Set theory completed. #14<br />

27.12.2009: Knowledge representation completed. #13<br />

23.11.2009: Physics renamed oscillations, universe inserted and physics rewritten. #12<br />

01.10.2009: Transcendent numbers improved and extended. #11<br />

06.09.2009: Mathematics extended and with introduction plus About me amended. #10<br />

03.09.2009: Set theory, transcendent numbers and informatics improved and extended. #9<br />

11.07.2009: Reference theory extended. #8<br />

28.06.2009: Representations inserted. #7<br />

30.05.2009: Informatics extended. #6<br />

24.05.2009: Mathematics and set theory fundament<strong>all</strong>y reworked. #5<br />

25.04.2009: Pages migrated <strong>to</strong> XHTML 1.1, search function improved and used files more<br />

uniformly renamed.<br />

25.02.2009: Interview completed. #4<br />

22.02.2009: Subject catalogue improved and homepage from HTML migrated <strong>to</strong> XHTML.<br />

25.01.2009: Politics completed by election procedure. #3<br />

11.01.2009: Set theory amended and transcendent numbers inserted. #2<br />

05.12.2008: Size- and colour change and also RSS feed inserted.<br />

21.11.2008: Planned language Lango improved and extended. #1<br />

09.11.2008: Set theory improved.<br />

28.09.2008: Linguistics finelier subdivided <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> binary <strong>font</strong>, <strong>font</strong> <strong>Fon<strong>to</strong></strong>, ambisexuality (new)<br />

and planned language Lango.<br />

24.08.2008: Optimisation inserted.<br />

05.07.2008: Internet and co extended.<br />

20.06.2008: Knowledge representation completed.<br />

04.05.2008: Introduction and politics completed.<br />

03.05.2008: Definitions and glossary inserted.<br />

29.04.2008: Error site set up and language independent code programmed.<br />

20.04.2008: Statistics inserted and politics extended.<br />

13.04.2008: Homepage after W3C validated and PHP code as text inserted.<br />

06.04.2008: Introduction and mathematics extended and politics newly inserted.<br />

05.04.2008: Informatics reworked and internet and co and sorting newly inserted.<br />

24.02.2008: Linguistics completed.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 2 <strong>of</strong> 154


17.02.2008: Linguistics and introduction completed.<br />

11.02.2008: About me changed.<br />

05.01.2008: Linguistics and calculation <strong>of</strong> times (outlook) extended.<br />

16.12.2007: Linguistics changed.<br />

01.12.2007: Religion inserted.<br />

06.11.2007: Linguistics extended.<br />

26.10.2007: Bibliography inserted and introduction completed.<br />

16.09.2007: Calculation <strong>of</strong> times completed.<br />

09.09.2007: Letters in linguistics changed.<br />

19.08.2007: Linguistics extended by letters.<br />

29.07.2007: Reference theory extended.<br />

17.06.2007: Linguistics completed.<br />

05.05.2007: Linguistics completed by grammar for verbs.<br />

01.05.2007: Linguistics corrected and extended.<br />

20.04.2007: Linguistics extended.<br />

15.04.2007: Reference theory completed.<br />

30.03.2007: Linguistics changed and completed.<br />

29.03.2007: Linguistics and introduction changed and extended.<br />

24.02.2007: Reference theory extended.<br />

18.02.2007: Reference theory completed.<br />

11.02.2007: Numbers/set theory shortened <strong>to</strong> set theory.<br />

29.01.2007: Physics inserted.<br />

23.01.2007: Numbers/set theory extended.<br />

22.01.2007: Numbers/set theory completed.<br />

07.01.2007: Numbers/set theory changed.<br />

02.01.2007: Numbers/set theory completed by more examples.<br />

01.01.2007: Numbers/set theory extended by considerations concerning the approximation<br />

order.<br />

31.12.2006: Mathematics completed.<br />

30.12.2006: Informatics completed with considerations <strong>to</strong> the n-dimensional space.<br />

23.12.2006: Reference theory completed.<br />

05.11.2006: About me revised.<br />

04.11.2006: Reference theory extended.<br />

02.10.2006: Reference theory completed.<br />

09.09.2006: Reference theory extended.<br />

03.09.2006: Complete revision <strong>of</strong> the sites.<br />

01.09.2006: I found the religion <strong>of</strong> love.<br />

27.08.2006: Reference theory, God, God and man and theodicy extended.<br />

20.08.2006: Prayers by dependence prayer extended.<br />

12.08.2006: Theodicy extended.<br />

06.08.2006: God and theodicy completed.<br />

30.07.2006: Private sec<strong>to</strong>r with Web log as diary set up.<br />

25.07.2006: Reference theory extended.<br />

20. and 23.07.2006: Virtue doctrine completed.<br />

16.07.2006: Theodicy extended.<br />

13.07.2006: Basics completed.<br />

09.07.2006: Linguistics completed by Braille, keywords and descriptions updated.<br />

08.07.2006: Linguistics written.<br />

07.07.2006: Theodicy extended, Website search inserted.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 3 <strong>of</strong> 154


Current<br />

25.11.2012: Proposition concerning the simplex method proved.<br />

12.06.2012: Riemann hypothesis disenchanted.<br />

20.10.2011: Publication <strong>of</strong> the e-book "Relil - Religion und Lebensweg".<br />

25.09.2011: Presenting the idea <strong>of</strong> radio computing.<br />

13.02.2011: Presentation <strong>of</strong> the programming concept Stair.<br />

07.12.2010: Definition and localisation <strong>of</strong> consciousness.<br />

12.11.2010: Ch<strong>all</strong>enge <strong>of</strong> several axioms <strong>of</strong> the Euclidean geometry.<br />

05.11.2010: Depiction that the right measure and world view are necessary.<br />

09.10.2010: Evidence that each being-entity is infinite-dimensional and can be imagined from<br />

arbitrarily sm<strong>all</strong> as any-dimensional spheres.<br />

11.09.2010: Pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> the theoretical equivalence and infinity <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> worlds and the previous<br />

finiteness <strong>of</strong> our world.<br />

30.05.2010: Definition <strong>of</strong> the complex and real numbers.<br />

11.04.2010: Elucidation <strong>of</strong> fast indexing and <strong>of</strong> searching in O(1).<br />

21.03.2010: Presentation <strong>of</strong> the sorting procedure immediate sort.<br />

07.03.2010: Solution <strong>of</strong> the mind-body, qualia, determinism and causality problem.<br />

16.01.2010: Pro<strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> the minimax-proposition for sets.<br />

27.12.2009: Description <strong>of</strong> the knowledge representation.<br />

23.11.2009: Presentation <strong>of</strong> two models <strong>of</strong> the universe.<br />

24.05.2009: Numbers <strong>of</strong> algebraic numbers now proved.<br />

11.01.2009: Sensational breakthrough in the field <strong>of</strong> transcendent numbers achieved.<br />

15.10.2008: Ambisexuality established and English translation improved.<br />

28.09.2008: I solve the problem <strong>of</strong> the ambisexual personal pronoun in the third person singular.<br />

24.08.2008: I consider how God solves optimisation problems.<br />

20.06.2008: I consider how knowledge is s<strong>to</strong>red.<br />

06.04.2008: I consider details <strong>to</strong> the qualified democracy.<br />

01.12.2007: I convert the homepage <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> PHP and MySQL.<br />

06.11.2007: I build the <strong>font</strong> <strong>font</strong>o.<strong>ttf</strong>.<br />

16.09.2007: I consider new letters <strong>to</strong> the International Phonetic Alphabet.<br />

09.09.2007: I read "Mind Time" by Benjamin Libet.<br />

19.08.2007: I consider n-dimensional letters.<br />

29.07.2007: I consider further issues about the multidimensional time.<br />

17.06.2007: I improve further details <strong>of</strong> the planned language.<br />

05.05.2007: I consider the application <strong>of</strong> the octal principle <strong>to</strong> the planned language.<br />

01.05.2007: I consider the grammar for verbs.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 4 <strong>of</strong> 154


Introduction<br />

What is the aim <strong>of</strong> this homepage?<br />

This homepage is result <strong>of</strong> my independent considerations. The ideas come almost exclusively<br />

from L, for what I gave thanks by service <strong>to</strong> zer. It is <strong>to</strong> a large extent not scientific<strong>all</strong>y<br />

oriented, but sh<strong>all</strong> address a market as wide as possible. The individual web pages are<br />

rather skimped.<br />

Citations <strong>of</strong> other authors are missing. If an author should think, my considerations are zis<br />

then I will insert appropriate citations if ze wants. But it is a bibliography specified that includes<br />

literature in my possession, not the few that I have borrowed.<br />

The homepage attends <strong>to</strong> informatics, linguistics, mathematics, philosophy, physics, politics<br />

and religion.<br />

In the informatics part, I show how radix sort can sort by appropriate s<strong>to</strong>rage support in two<br />

steps and apply it <strong>to</strong> simpler and simpler architectures. Furthermore, the sorting procedure<br />

bitsort is presented as well as fast searching and indexing. Knowledge <strong>of</strong> informatics studies<br />

is helpful. Radio computing enables, by simultaneous radioing on different frequencies, par<strong>all</strong>el<br />

computing through par<strong>all</strong>el communication <strong>of</strong> each memory cell with each other one.<br />

Programming with Stair presents a programming concept for development environments,<br />

with which source codes can be converted <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> ones <strong>of</strong> other programming languages, or<br />

rule-based <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> freely chosen notations. Internet and Co outlines what role the internet could<br />

play in the future, what the multifunction device strap could serve for and what could apply<br />

for transport and machines.<br />

Below linguistics, a binary <strong>font</strong> is presented that goes without keyboard. Furthermore, the<br />

appurtenant planned language Lango is outlined and the <strong>font</strong> <strong>Fon<strong>to</strong></strong> for the International<br />

Phonetic Alphabet presented. The ambisexual grammar for English and German is elucidated<br />

below ambisexuality. The language <strong>of</strong> science <strong>of</strong>fers a linguistic<strong>all</strong>y correct and futureoriented<br />

expression <strong>of</strong> scientific results.<br />

Mathematics treats geometry, equitable distributing, nonstandardanalysis, optimisation, infinite<br />

sets, representations, transcendent numbers and calculation <strong>of</strong> times. The set theory<br />

clarifies how many elements important infinite sets have. The nonstandardanalysis <strong>of</strong>fers<br />

new definitions <strong>to</strong> obtain more precise mathematical statements. For the transcendent numbers<br />

necessary and sufficient criteria are specified. The geometry ch<strong>all</strong>enges several axioms.<br />

Below optimisation I present how L solves optimisation problems. For understanding, knowledge<br />

<strong>of</strong> mathematics studies is necessary. Below representations simplification and exactitude<br />

<strong>of</strong> expressions are weighed against each other. Moreover, there are some examples <strong>of</strong><br />

use for probability calculation at school. Concerning calculation <strong>of</strong> times, I present a new calendar<br />

and a new calculation <strong>of</strong> times based on the octal system and give examples for<br />

whose application <strong>to</strong> length specifications.<br />

Below philosophy, one finds the beginning <strong>of</strong> the reference theory that represents the radix<br />

for the description <strong>of</strong> our world. Below consciousness, this is defined, described and it is outlined,<br />

<strong>of</strong> what we should be aware. In the interview I explain briefly what fascinates me by<br />

philosophy, what I contributed there and how should be philosophised. The problem solutions<br />

contain solutions <strong>to</strong> important philosophical problems. The knowledge representation<br />

happens with information methods on mathematical radix using the substance term.<br />

Below physics in the context <strong>of</strong> youth research 1983, I dealt with selected oscillations <strong>of</strong><br />

mass points in the plane. Here their period time is determined approximately on the basis <strong>of</strong><br />

radius <strong>of</strong> curvature, initial height and backwards pushing force without integration. To under-<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 5 <strong>of</strong> 154


stand, a study <strong>of</strong> mathematics or physics is helpful. There is a test for the mathematical pendulum.<br />

Furthermore, two models <strong>of</strong> the universe are presented and their experimental verifiability<br />

is discussed.<br />

Concerning the issues politics and religion as well as lectures, <strong>see</strong> the sites www.relil.org,<br />

www.relil.eu. www.relil.de and the wiki on www.relil.net.<br />

The sitemap contains also a revisional his<strong>to</strong>ry; the definitions and the glossary list only terms<br />

that are new or are used differently than usual.<br />

And now much pleasure with my homepage!<br />

(It does not depend on the pictures: From the texts peace sh<strong>all</strong> emanate.)<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 6 <strong>of</strong> 154


Informatics<br />

Internet and Co deals with some aspects <strong>of</strong> the future internet: How can examinations be<br />

conducted with the aid <strong>of</strong> the internet? How can an identification (number), the ID, assigned<br />

uniquely <strong>to</strong> each person, usefully be applied in connection with the internet? What types <strong>of</strong><br />

content will be on the internet? How can information user pr<strong>of</strong>iles simplify search processes<br />

on the internet?<br />

What tasks could a multifunction device c<strong>all</strong>ed strap fulfil? What can modern clothes achieve<br />

(for deafblind people)? How can virtual reality be realised (in rooms and in the brain)? How<br />

can goods be transported quickly in future? What are the consequences for pr<strong>of</strong>essions in<br />

the future? What must be in future considered for intelligent machines?<br />

Programming with Stair presents a programming concept for development environments,<br />

with which source codes can be converted <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> ones <strong>of</strong> other programming languages, or<br />

rule-based <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> freely chosen notations. The programming language Clare provided in it is<br />

capable <strong>of</strong> learning (by adding rules and meta-rules) and has activatable (self-) optimisation<br />

algorithms that adapt themselves nearer the time <strong>to</strong> the individual circumstances.<br />

Below sorting and searching an O(1)-sorting algorithm with two steps is presented if the<br />

hardware is not limited. This procedure is adapted <strong>to</strong> different real conditions. By simple<br />

hardware adaption (organisation <strong>of</strong> memory locations preferably as tree <strong>of</strong> degree 2 t with<br />

natural t) an O(n)-procedure (bitsort) can be specified for n successively read input values.<br />

Furthermore is described how one can fast index and search in O(1).<br />

Radio computing enables, by simultaneous radioing on different frequencies, par<strong>all</strong>el computing<br />

through par<strong>all</strong>el communication <strong>of</strong> each memory cell with each other one. Thus, n values<br />

can be sorted in O(1), the indexing <strong>of</strong> database tables becomes widely obsolete. Networking<br />

and cloud computing solve with radio technology various problems much faster than<br />

before, what can be accessed comfortably at home.<br />

L can solve <strong>all</strong> problems <strong>of</strong> any world in a higher world at one go by singling out those from<br />

<strong>all</strong> possible solutions with recording the solution formations by (comparative) sorting that satisfy<br />

the solution criteria. On substantial comparisons can largely be foregone by gödelisation.<br />

Consequently, <strong>all</strong> problems are for zer in the same complexity class O(1).<br />

Ze does not get around the formation <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> possibilities, since crucial problems are irreducible<br />

in terms <strong>of</strong> complexity. For our (finite) world, this means that in it crucial problems are not<br />

solvable. This does not mean, however, that we cannot solve the problems important for us,<br />

but only, that we cannot answer <strong>all</strong> scientific questions.<br />

Theorem: All problems <strong>of</strong> a finite world can be solved in O(1).<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: Conditions are checked by inserting the complete solution space <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the conditions at<br />

once, possibly by par<strong>all</strong>el processing. Calculations are accelerated by summarising calculation<br />

steps. Continued summarising yields an over<strong>all</strong> calculation step. Hence the claim follows,<br />

since every finite solution space can also be constructed in one step.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 7 <strong>of</strong> 154


Radio Computing<br />

How can a memory cell communicate with as many other ones by radio chips at different<br />

frequencies in order <strong>to</strong> support par<strong>all</strong>el computing? How can in this way sorting <strong>of</strong> n values<br />

be improved from O(n log n) <strong>to</strong> O(1) and thus the indexing <strong>of</strong> tables in databases become<br />

obsolete?<br />

If each radio chip transmits (simultaneously) at the frequency that corresponds <strong>to</strong> the value,<br />

transformed <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the sm<strong>all</strong>est positive natural interval valid for <strong>all</strong> values, <strong>of</strong> the associated<br />

memory cell, then the counterpart stations receive these new values sorted in O(1) and they<br />

can output them in O(1), if they are hierarchic<strong>all</strong>y organised as a binary tree, while first the 0node<br />

and then the 1-node sends <strong>to</strong> its parent node.<br />

If the parent node is still not taken, it s<strong>to</strong>res the value <strong>of</strong> the 0-node. For each free further<br />

parent node, the procedure is the same and the 1-node is pulled behind. This is al<strong>to</strong>gether<br />

possible in O(log n), thus enabling an output <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> nodes by traversing the resulting binary<br />

tree in O(n). Equal values are first made different by appending a sequence number in O(n).<br />

It is clear that the radio distances depend only on the size <strong>of</strong> the radio chips and that the radio<br />

must not be disturbed from the outside. Here weak (if need be shielded) signals and a<br />

predetermined frequency range are advisable. Possibly, first an implementation in datacentres<br />

is provided, as long as the radio chips are still relatively large, but this is for example not<br />

a big problem because <strong>of</strong> the increasing cloud computing.<br />

For fewer frequencies than values <strong>to</strong> be transmitted, use FSO or microwaves, or double the<br />

number <strong>of</strong> transmission runs for each additional bit. If the frequency values are sm<strong>all</strong>er than<br />

the values <strong>to</strong> be transmitted, so another transmission run for the subsequent sorting is necessary,<br />

for every transcending by a further frequency range. If applicable, for addition<strong>all</strong>y<br />

occurring values, overflow areas are advisable (e.g. for table queries).<br />

If one arranges the radio chips in a straight line, and puts in each case two <strong>of</strong> these lines<br />

crosswise one above the other, they can, if they are confronted with, send without intersection,<br />

and one gets along with one or few frequencies. Thus, k + 1 tables can be joined in a<br />

query in O(1) instead <strong>of</strong> O(n log k n). However, the necessity for serial processing sets limits<br />

<strong>to</strong> the par<strong>all</strong>el (radio) computing.<br />

The radio technology can also be used <strong>to</strong> implement par<strong>all</strong>el transmission <strong>of</strong> par<strong>all</strong>el adders<br />

or other (linear) arithmetic operations (e.g. comparisons). In conjunction with networks and<br />

fast data transmission (e.g. DSL), it can be par<strong>all</strong>el calculated in combination (e.g. <strong>to</strong> solve<br />

(linear) optimisation problems in linear time). Also associative problems can be par<strong>all</strong>el<br />

solved (better than in the brain).<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 8 <strong>of</strong> 154


Internet and Co<br />

Exams<br />

To guaranty the authenticity <strong>of</strong> information (e.g. for exams), appropriate safety mechanisms<br />

are necessary. The authentication can be done by biometric procedures. Supervised computers<br />

are suitable as the only fore<strong>see</strong>able inexpensive solutions. Unsupervised computers<br />

can be easily outwitted since information can be channelled in from unwanted side (e.g. human<br />

or computer).<br />

The supervised computers must be able <strong>to</strong> identify, s<strong>to</strong>re and display for usage the brought<br />

along <strong>all</strong>owed additive information as such and <strong>to</strong> prevent or <strong>to</strong> channel the access <strong>to</strong> the<br />

internet specific<strong>all</strong>y. For this purpose, both appropriate standards and intelligent verification<br />

methods are <strong>to</strong> develop if one wants <strong>to</strong> accomplish a certain comfort.<br />

A simple way is <strong>to</strong> specify the <strong>all</strong>owed URLs for the browser. Au<strong>to</strong>matic image recognition<br />

procedures that can filter out undesirable sites are not suitable because the sites can be<br />

coded and the velocity <strong>of</strong> decoding is the problem. Thus, only sites that have a fixed incorruptible<br />

authorship and no hidden areas come <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> question.<br />

A reliable control can only be ensured if the assignment <strong>of</strong> URL and content can not be manipulated<br />

(beware <strong>of</strong> generic URLs). The brought along additional information may be protected<br />

by appropriate passwords (exam on the internet) and decrypted before the exam. The<br />

cus<strong>to</strong>mising <strong>of</strong> programs for additional information must not take up <strong>to</strong>o much time.<br />

For this purpose, pr<strong>of</strong>iles <strong>of</strong> the programs should be able <strong>to</strong> be safely s<strong>to</strong>red passwordprotected<br />

that will only need <strong>to</strong> be imported (requires appropriate programming <strong>of</strong> the programmes).<br />

If the internet should evolve <strong>to</strong> the extent that there every program is available,<br />

this problem is omitted. This is certainly desirable since special knowledge is <strong>to</strong> test as a rule<br />

by special programmes, <strong>to</strong>o.<br />

Programmes that cannot be c<strong>all</strong>ed up via internet may, however, be c<strong>all</strong>ed up via appropriate<br />

controlled remote connections (velocity should be no longer a problem in the future). It is<br />

more difficult when the exam situation requires special hardware (such as surgery). There<br />

will always be exams that are <strong>to</strong> be conducted only at certain places. Most exams can be yet<br />

realised with standard equipment.<br />

Is knowledge from certain time units in demand, a questionnaire is appropriate that, varied at<br />

given times, the examinees have <strong>to</strong> answer at the same time. For the success, a certain percentage<br />

<strong>of</strong> correct answers for individual fields may be demanded, which can vary depending<br />

on the field. Multiple-choice questions facilitate the evaluation on the computer, as long as<br />

the au<strong>to</strong>matic language comprehension is limited.<br />

For exams via internet, the result <strong>of</strong> the au<strong>to</strong>matic evaluation can be made public immediately<br />

after the end <strong>of</strong> the exam time. The exam possibilities and fairness require in any case<br />

sometime the internet: Nobody can be expected <strong>to</strong> have retained <strong>all</strong> needed knowledge in<br />

memory. The irreplaceable accomplishment <strong>of</strong> man is in the creative and information connecting<br />

field.<br />

To protect the personality <strong>of</strong> the examinee, it may be necessary <strong>to</strong> conduct exams on the<br />

internet anonymously. For this purpose, the testing centre should <strong>of</strong>fer signatures on the<br />

internet that are available after selection by the examinee only <strong>to</strong> this <strong>to</strong> identify himself. Furthermore,<br />

the testing centre should <strong>of</strong>fer anonymous (temporary) email accounts under that<br />

the examinee can view the exam result with the signature and a password.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 9 <strong>of</strong> 154


Email<br />

Votings on the internet are also easily possible if the identity <strong>of</strong> the voter can be uniquely<br />

clarified. Everybody should get assigned at birth a free e-mail account <strong>to</strong> that <strong>all</strong> emails are<br />

sent, needing a unique identification <strong>of</strong> the recipient. This email account would have even a<br />

higher status than the letterbox, concerning security aspects.<br />

It could be (also) managed till the early infancy by the legal guardians. For this purpose,<br />

every person would have <strong>to</strong> have internet access in case <strong>of</strong> need. This could be inst<strong>all</strong>ed in<br />

public authorities. Their employees would then have <strong>to</strong> help those in the operating that alone<br />

are not in a position <strong>to</strong> do so. The operating must be possible voice-operated in the future<br />

without a keyboard having <strong>to</strong> be used.<br />

Each person should also be assigned at birth a worldwide unique identification (number) that<br />

can be pronounced as a name (<strong>see</strong> linguistics) and serves <strong>of</strong>fici<strong>all</strong>y as such. This also serves<br />

as a signature <strong>of</strong> important documents. It is <strong>to</strong> consider whether this ID is uniquely generated<br />

from biometric data that do not change during life. Simpler is the query in a safe database.<br />

The consequential use <strong>of</strong> the ID also <strong>all</strong>ows finding certain contents about oneself quickly<br />

and reliably on the internet. With increasing improvement <strong>of</strong> spam protection the email account<br />

assigned at birth can be linked <strong>to</strong> the ID uniquely and for everybody recognisably: e.g.<br />

[ID]@mail.world. Each person should be provided with a free web space where ze can present<br />

zerself.<br />

Contents<br />

This should, for example, be accessible at www.[ID].net.world and free <strong>of</strong> unwanted content.<br />

Over this administra<strong>to</strong>rs watch that are appointed by the future world government. Each<br />

presentation should be drafted in the future world language, so that everybody can easily<br />

and quickly get an idea. For the <strong>of</strong>ficial part an obliga<strong>to</strong>ry pr<strong>of</strong>ile can be made. It may be<br />

linked <strong>to</strong> unobjectionable private home pages.<br />

People who do not want <strong>to</strong> position own content are represented by minimal content as they<br />

among others e. g. can be found in an identity card. Everybody is <strong>to</strong> be enlightened about zis<br />

s<strong>to</strong>red data and their location. When creating one’s own content the authorities assist within<br />

their means. What can be listed by a uniform questionnaire everybody can demand (even in<br />

part) as content.<br />

A worldwide valid law determines the volume <strong>of</strong> the minimum contents. It is conceivable, for<br />

example, that publicly only ID and nationality may be published. Since nationality in the future<br />

plays a less and less important role in view <strong>of</strong> the world civil society, it is quite conceivable<br />

that the law only the ID views as liable <strong>to</strong> publication. One only knows then that this ID<br />

exists, but no more.<br />

The principle <strong>of</strong> equality has no bite here since each person must be able <strong>to</strong> determine by<br />

himself <strong>to</strong> what extent ze wants <strong>to</strong> represent zerself in the public. Authorities are entitled <strong>to</strong><br />

attend their duties by s<strong>to</strong>ring much more data concerning an ID. Everybody can only demand<br />

within the valid laws <strong>to</strong> view the data s<strong>to</strong>red about zer. Sufficient data privacy is always <strong>to</strong><br />

guarantee.<br />

Who publishes data on www.[ID].net.world assents explicitly that the data may be used for <strong>all</strong><br />

legal purposes. This includes in particular the au<strong>to</strong>mated processing. Each person is <strong>to</strong> be<br />

informed about what can be done with zis data theoretic<strong>all</strong>y and practic<strong>all</strong>y, so that ze receives<br />

a comprehensive idea and can realise the scope <strong>of</strong> zis decision.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 10 <strong>of</strong> 154


The right <strong>to</strong> freedom <strong>of</strong> self-expression includes that the published data have not <strong>to</strong> be truthful.<br />

This should be clear <strong>to</strong> everybody. Nobody can demand a correction. Nobody can also<br />

demand that somebody corrects the truthful data published elsewhere if the privacy rights <strong>of</strong><br />

the described are not violated.<br />

Is somebody public figure, ze can defend zerself <strong>to</strong> a lesser extent against depictions <strong>of</strong><br />

zerself since the legitimate interest <strong>of</strong> the general public can conflict with zis personality<br />

rights. A core <strong>of</strong> individual rights but always remains inviolable since the dignity <strong>of</strong> man must<br />

be respected. The laws <strong>of</strong> world government regulate particulars and this is not <strong>to</strong> be subject<br />

here.<br />

A person may reply fictitious statements about facts concerning zerself with a counter statement,<br />

which has <strong>to</strong> be published also on the internet, regardless <strong>of</strong> its truthfulness at the<br />

place <strong>of</strong> its occurrence. It does not matter how many times the homepage is c<strong>all</strong>ed. Will the<br />

depiction be sufficiently corrected or be withdrawn, the right <strong>to</strong> publish the counter statement<br />

expires.<br />

The freedom <strong>of</strong> publication <strong>all</strong>ows that publications about a described person have not <strong>to</strong> be<br />

notified <strong>to</strong> this person, since ze can easily browse the internet because <strong>of</strong> zis ID for depictions<br />

<strong>of</strong> zis person by zerself. If the described person wants <strong>to</strong> be informed about this, one<br />

should be in keeping with this wish by mailing <strong>to</strong> zis wished email address since this does not<br />

represent a significant expense.<br />

Mobile internet reception should be possible: via satellite or sufficiently densely distributed<br />

hotspots etc. The control <strong>of</strong> the internet should be possible by language (headset), data<br />

gloves and eye movements. The moni<strong>to</strong>r is replaced by semi-transparent <strong>to</strong> switch data<br />

glasses (with prompter), whereby for each eye contents <strong>of</strong> various kinds can be <strong>see</strong>n - even<br />

for 3D representations <strong>of</strong> the same content.<br />

On the internet one can arrange radio broadcasts in future on one’s own. Newscasts can be<br />

specific<strong>all</strong>y read <strong>to</strong> (by a female, male or child's voice). In so doing, one can select specific<strong>all</strong>y<br />

the speaker's voice (e.g. <strong>of</strong> the partner). Pieces <strong>of</strong> music can be selected specific<strong>all</strong>y or<br />

pools. The cost is comparable <strong>to</strong> that <strong>of</strong> sound radio or television broadcasting. One can create<br />

programs for others.<br />

These can be combined with own broadcasts (going live with a microphone or webcam). Examples<br />

are own concerts or play stagings, art exhibitions with virtual <strong>to</strong>urs and explanations,<br />

(collective) karaoke, commercial spots for own products, workshops or conference circuits.<br />

Since the future on the internet is multimedia, much is thinkable right up <strong>to</strong> the 3D film.<br />

With the increasing development <strong>of</strong> speech recognition and translation programs au<strong>to</strong>matic<br />

simultaneous translations via internet are imaginable – by being delayed introduction <strong>of</strong> the<br />

worldwide uniform planned language. The more intelligent the programs are, the more likely<br />

they can correct an error in speaking, and, if necessary, interpose explanations. It remains <strong>of</strong><br />

course reserved <strong>to</strong> the internet user what ze permits or initiates au<strong>to</strong>nomously.<br />

In order <strong>to</strong> simplify the search processes, the existing idea <strong>of</strong> au<strong>to</strong>nomously <strong>see</strong>king agents<br />

is extended <strong>to</strong> (standardised) information user pr<strong>of</strong>iles that specify the wishes <strong>of</strong> the user for<br />

a site, and <strong>to</strong> which then each site can react by corresponding queries and displaying only or<br />

primarily the desired contents. For this purpose, the programming language PHP, for example,<br />

or the browser could be extended.<br />

The web site content would be <strong>to</strong> categorise smartly and could be queried by these categories.<br />

The browser should be able <strong>to</strong> summarise the contents that are scattered across several<br />

sites, on one site <strong>to</strong> obtain a clear representation. On<strong>to</strong>logy concepts should be included<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 11 <strong>of</strong> 154


meaningfully (e.g. through on terms formulated query rules that browser and PHP then<br />

evaluate).<br />

The advantages <strong>of</strong> this approach are in the free determination <strong>of</strong> categories that have not <strong>to</strong><br />

occur in the site and also can consist <strong>of</strong> whole sentences and <strong>of</strong> rules that can be complex,<br />

without extending the search time significantly. Since queries are based on searching in<br />

sorted data, suitable data s<strong>to</strong>rage is <strong>to</strong> choose, as sorting and reference theory with substances<br />

and references suggest.<br />

Strap, clothes and virtual reality<br />

Portable computers can be connected <strong>to</strong> the so-c<strong>all</strong>ed strap, which as a multi-function device<br />

serves for authentication, is worn like a watch and takes over whose functions with display,<br />

option <strong>to</strong> telephone and key function. The functions <strong>of</strong> the strap can be currently (partly) enabled<br />

or disabled: through language or <strong>to</strong>uch. The strap has integrated a simple computer.<br />

It works even without a computer connection, replacing an implanted chip. When it is laid<br />

down, an alarm can be prepared that is triggered when it is not activated in a specified period<br />

again in a certain way. Certain functions should be always disabled for security reasons if the<br />

strap is laid down. The alarm can let send the integrated transmitter messages <strong>to</strong> the security<br />

forces.<br />

One can also justify the strap so that the events <strong>of</strong> the last few hours around its wearer are<br />

recorded (black-box function). This recording can be sent out when an alarm occurs or at the<br />

request <strong>of</strong> the wearer. In order that criminals have no possibility <strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>p the transfer process,<br />

a running transfer <strong>to</strong> a secure computer can happen or the transmission must be sufficiently<br />

quick.<br />

Since the coordinates <strong>of</strong> the wearer are also transferred, the last place <strong>of</strong> residence prior <strong>to</strong> a<br />

possible kidnapping is always known. Versions <strong>of</strong> the strap may also be used as an electronic<br />

tag. Everyone should consider precisely what functions <strong>of</strong> the strap are enabled or<br />

disabled, since many conclusions regarding his behaviour are possible – be the (encrypted)<br />

transfer even so secure.<br />

Modern clothes can also contribute <strong>to</strong> the information transfer: So information can be absorbed<br />

with the body surface as a pattern <strong>of</strong> different pressures or different temperatures.<br />

Thus, images and language become easily transferable <strong>to</strong> deafblind. If the habiliment is connected<br />

with rangefinder or correspondent image analysis s<strong>of</strong>tware, even the white cane can<br />

be dropped.<br />

Connecting the habiliment with other measuring devices, e.g. magnetic fields, pollutant concentrations<br />

can be inconspicuously evaluated and everything else, what can be measured as<br />

scaled substance or evaluated by programmes (for example fluctuations in the voice or skin<br />

or eye contact <strong>of</strong> the counterpart, which can give hints on certain emotional states).<br />

If the habiliment is programmable - input via voice, <strong>to</strong>uch or evaluation <strong>of</strong> the viewing direction,<br />

the measured variables can be easily changed. Imagination about what can be measured<br />

has no limits. A connection <strong>to</strong> the internet and databases increases the information<br />

available again. However, prices also will rise with the requirements - and decrease with a<br />

high number <strong>of</strong> units again.<br />

The path <strong>to</strong> virtual reality can lead in rooms (CAVE) in addition <strong>to</strong> projection procedures on<strong>to</strong><br />

suitable coated surfaces - whereby a computer computes the image <strong>to</strong> project for objects<br />

existing in the room (compensation <strong>of</strong> dis<strong>to</strong>rtion) - also via programmable w<strong>all</strong>paper that can<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 12 <strong>of</strong> 154


e operated like the clothes above. Even 3D effects can be achieved by this (higher dimensions<br />

as a projection).<br />

The surfaces <strong>of</strong> the room can be segmented at work for different contents and can be individu<strong>all</strong>y<br />

addressed. Given these possibilities, the inability <strong>of</strong> man for par<strong>all</strong>el processing becomes<br />

displeasingly noticeable. As long as ze is not a cyborg, ze remains reliant on computer<br />

assistance. Direct influence on the brain is therefore so attractive because impressions<br />

have not <strong>to</strong> be communicated materi<strong>all</strong>y (sensory organs).<br />

Transport and machines<br />

In order <strong>to</strong> transport goods quickly and reliably from warehouses and collecting points <strong>to</strong> the<br />

consumers, partly underground express connections are established. The volume <strong>of</strong> goods is<br />

not more than 0.125 cubic metres (0.5 m) 3 since bigger goods can be transported slower.<br />

Computers compute optimal network utilisation and collision avoidance. They also inform<br />

technicians about occurred jams.<br />

Type <strong>of</strong> transport could be for example magnetic suspension technology in combination with<br />

vacuum tunnels. The goods may be collected and posted at easily accessible shipping<br />

points. Whether will be transported partly (with a different technology) <strong>to</strong> the households<br />

must be reconsidered. Foods can be, for example, centr<strong>all</strong>y prepared at the collecting points.<br />

By centralising also unusual wishes can be fulfilled.<br />

The individual containers for the transport can be streamlined. Integrated chips control the<br />

unmanned system. Only a few minutes pass by between order and delivery. The transport<br />

fees are low in relation <strong>to</strong> the value <strong>of</strong> the goods if the containers are filled well: driving<br />

should be more expensive. Many occupations that we know <strong>to</strong>day will vanish or are performed<br />

by robots or computers.<br />

Only where complicated conversations with people arise, where creative performance, years<br />

<strong>of</strong> experience and special skills are needed, where must be complexly organised and coordinated,<br />

man is still in demand. Physical work and everything, for what rules can be laid down,<br />

is vulnerable <strong>to</strong> replacement. Our world will be <strong>to</strong> manage with much less people. However,<br />

the needs will considerable increase.<br />

The differences between man and machine will wane more and more: human beings will<br />

have properties <strong>of</strong> machines and vice versa. Man will die if ze wants <strong>to</strong>: <strong>to</strong> get <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the subsequent<br />

world - at a point <strong>of</strong> time which ze has chosen. Fatal accidents will continue <strong>to</strong> occur<br />

- but more rarely. The question for the domination through the machines will arise: concerning<br />

this, man, however, will find a solution.<br />

The solution is control and moni<strong>to</strong>ring. The information that accumulates in a machine is<br />

checked by appropriate programs. Certain functions in a machine may not be disabled without<br />

disabling the machine itself. With this, an interdiction <strong>of</strong> coding in certain areas is associated,<br />

respectively that what is coded, must be able <strong>to</strong> be decoded simultaneously by certain<br />

programs.<br />

Machines need a central, unforgeable and by rota <strong>to</strong> renew approval that can be checked up<br />

at any time - like the over<strong>all</strong> status <strong>of</strong> the machine. Simpler checkups must be possible by<br />

owner and police, complex ones may be reserved for specialists. There have <strong>to</strong> be enacted<br />

laws against criminality committed by machines that hold manipula<strong>to</strong>rs and owners responsible.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 13 <strong>of</strong> 154


Programming with Stair<br />

Stair is a programming concept for development environments and stands for standardised<br />

transformation after individual rules. It provides a programming language Clare (coding language<br />

after rule environment), which is capable <strong>of</strong> learning (by adding rules and meta-rules)<br />

and where activatable (self-) optimisation algorithms are available that adapt themselves<br />

nearer the time <strong>to</strong> the individual circumstances and are so complex as their intelligence<br />

yields, or a reasonable behaviour <strong>of</strong> the running time and an acceptable effort suggests.<br />

Its rule-based individual notation can be, within the feasible scope, freely chosen and is recorded<br />

in (per programming language used) exchangeable modules, which are collected in a<br />

rule environment. It can be, as far as possible, transformed <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> any other feasible notation<br />

(also <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> a general standard), comfortably after individu<strong>all</strong>y selected rules, in order <strong>to</strong> share<br />

it with others. Coding suggestions can be easily selected in the IDE.<br />

By appropriate selecting its modules, it can be kept lean. The use <strong>of</strong> sample code <strong>of</strong> the target<br />

programming language, which can be, for example, received via the internet, enables<br />

also realising code, for that (yet) no favourable rules exist. Since source code is used, the<br />

string operations insert, delete and replace are sufficient as basic operations. Modularisation<br />

and text editing can also be au<strong>to</strong>mated in the target programming language.<br />

Discussion: Stair is interesting if source code is <strong>to</strong> be converted (on a large scale) at pace<br />

<strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> other programming languages, for example, because these have advanced concepts, if<br />

the own notation is <strong>to</strong> be maintained for different programming languages, as possible, for<br />

example, because they are shorter, or in order <strong>to</strong> do not need <strong>to</strong> adjust oneself, or <strong>to</strong> optimise<br />

code, or <strong>to</strong> prove its correctness with further <strong>to</strong>ols.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 14 <strong>of</strong> 154


Sorting and Searching<br />

Is sorting <strong>of</strong> values in O(1) possible? Yes it is, in two steps.<br />

Suppose we had no hardware restrictions: The memory be organised in the form <strong>of</strong> a tree <strong>of</strong><br />

degree k and have k m+1 memory locations with k m+1 = 2 h with natural h. Each memory location<br />

can s<strong>to</strong>re every value <strong>to</strong> be sorted completely. Do values exist multiply, be a consecutive<br />

index attached <strong>to</strong> every value, both constituting the new value. Each value be coded in the ksystem<br />

and let w. l. o. g. maximum k m values <strong>to</strong> be sorted.<br />

K m data lines branch from the root, each k m-1 from the two successors, each k m-2 from whose<br />

successors etc. Each z-th intermediate node corresponds hierarchic<strong>all</strong>y with the z-th digit in<br />

the k-system <strong>of</strong> the value <strong>to</strong> be sorted. In the leaves alternatively the addresses <strong>of</strong> the values<br />

instead <strong>of</strong> the values themselves can be s<strong>to</strong>red. Then, in one step, <strong>all</strong> the values can be<br />

s<strong>to</strong>red in the leaves and in a further one fetched back sorted in the root. It is sufficient <strong>to</strong><br />

move the values so far <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the tree until they separate.<br />

Have we now a limit <strong>of</strong> one data line per memory location, the values must be read in succession.<br />

The attaching <strong>of</strong> an index for multiple values can now be dropped since multiple<br />

values can be managed in a separate list. Every intermediate node memorises which values<br />

went through it by setting the corresponding bit for each value <strong>to</strong> 1. This bit is set <strong>to</strong> 0 if the<br />

intermediate node has no successors <strong>to</strong> read anymore. One starts with the sm<strong>all</strong>est value at<br />

a time for ascending sorting order, with the largest for a descending one.<br />

It results the complexity O(n) (s<strong>to</strong>ring, testing the successor, masking the bits, reading). If an<br />

additional value is <strong>to</strong> sort, an additional complexity <strong>of</strong> O(log n) arises (binary search in a<br />

sorted list). If d data lines are used, decreases the complexity <strong>of</strong> sorting by a fac<strong>to</strong>r 1/d. If the<br />

values are g-times as long as a memory location can contain, the complexity increases by a<br />

fac<strong>to</strong>r g.<br />

If the memory is not organised as a tree <strong>of</strong> degree k, the complexity increases by a fac<strong>to</strong>r<br />

logkn because then each intermediate node <strong>to</strong> a value must be read. The more one can find<br />

<strong>of</strong> a tree <strong>of</strong> degree k in the memory organisation, the lower is the complexity. If the first k p<br />

memory locations should be used otherwise, so <strong>all</strong> intermediate nodes <strong>of</strong> the p-th level are <strong>to</strong><br />

search. The complexity increases thereby margin<strong>all</strong>y if the memory is filled good, but otherwise<br />

accordingly more with the worst-case fac<strong>to</strong>r O(k p ).<br />

Currently viable, non-par<strong>all</strong>el sorting algorithms, based on the swapping <strong>of</strong> the n input values,<br />

have a complexity <strong>of</strong> O(n log n). This value can be significantly underbid as described<br />

by the procedure following radix sort.<br />

In the following the optimal sort algorithm bitsort is presented. It sorts stable with at <strong>all</strong> times<br />

equal time complexity O(n) and needs O(n) additional s<strong>to</strong>rage space. Here is assumed that<br />

the comparison <strong>of</strong> two values needs the time complexity O(1), the values are present as bit<br />

sequence and <strong>all</strong> bits <strong>of</strong> a value can be also processed in O(1). It is furthermore presupposed<br />

that the s<strong>to</strong>rage is realised as binary tree and the path from root <strong>to</strong> leaf can be run through<br />

also in O(1). If p is the number <strong>of</strong> par<strong>all</strong>el steps for par<strong>all</strong>el bitsort, so the time complexity is<br />

O(n/p).<br />

Once a value has been processed, the values inserted so far are available sorted. Inserting<br />

an additional value has the time complexity O(1). After each insertion, the m values can be<br />

output with time complexity O(m). The s<strong>to</strong>rage must be provided with a certain own intelligence:<br />

Each s<strong>to</strong>rage node must be able <strong>to</strong> s<strong>to</strong>re the value that reaches it independently and<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 15 <strong>of</strong> 154


<strong>to</strong> pass it <strong>to</strong> the next s<strong>to</strong>rage node, if it was already visited, resp. <strong>to</strong> give it back <strong>to</strong> the central<br />

unit, if it was still not visited, after it s<strong>to</strong>red the value. The next s<strong>to</strong>rage node at each time results<br />

from the corresponding bit <strong>of</strong> the value within the s<strong>to</strong>rage hierarchy.<br />

The bits <strong>of</strong> a value are at each time - beginning with the leading bit - processed as long until<br />

a difference <strong>to</strong> the compared value or equality is certain. Every value is compared with a binary<br />

tree whose root represents the most significant bit <strong>of</strong> the value. In each leaf <strong>of</strong> the binary<br />

tree reached by comparison, the most significant bit is set 1. At the end <strong>of</strong> the comparisons<br />

with the value, a leaf s<strong>to</strong>res either the number <strong>of</strong> the values for this leaf, the address <strong>of</strong><br />

a list that contains the addresses for this value, or, if the bits <strong>of</strong> the value were still not processed<br />

completely, the value itself or the bit rest. The bit chain is always then broken up at the<br />

position where a leaf is built. Very many bits <strong>of</strong> the same value can be s<strong>to</strong>red with their number.<br />

This is advisable, for example, for floating point numbers in exponential representation.<br />

The lists can be summarised <strong>to</strong> one list, if every entry refers <strong>to</strong> its successor (predecessor) <strong>of</strong><br />

the same value resp. <strong>to</strong> null, if there is none.<br />

In <strong>all</strong> the sorting procedures in that values are sorted with a bit length <strong>of</strong> l = q a with address<br />

length a, the time complexity increases per value from O(1) <strong>to</strong> O(q). If O(r) is the average<br />

value <strong>of</strong> O(q), thus in the time complexity <strong>of</strong> the sorting procedure at least one O(n) is <strong>to</strong> be<br />

replaced by O(r n). If s is the average <strong>of</strong> the number <strong>of</strong> different (!) values that end up in a<br />

bucket after sorting up <strong>to</strong> bit length a and whose bit length is greater than a, then the time<br />

complexity <strong>of</strong> the sorting procedure is O((log s + r) n). The mentioned values <strong>of</strong> a bucket are<br />

s<strong>to</strong>red per bucket in an AVL tree (or in a B-tree, if they are s<strong>to</strong>red in a relatively slower external<br />

memory with respect <strong>to</strong> the main memory). There is worked each time always only with<br />

the significant part value <strong>of</strong> address length <strong>of</strong> a value.<br />

If one forgoes that the values <strong>of</strong> each processing <strong>of</strong> a value are present completely sorted,<br />

then the time complexity O(r n) can be maintained for the complete sorting by using two areas<br />

<strong>of</strong> main memory. The values are first sorted up <strong>to</strong> address length <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> buckets and then<br />

further sorted address length for address length (i.e. part value for part value), bucket for<br />

bucket. The processing <strong>of</strong> the values whose part value previously processed is equal is<br />

counted as one run. It is presupposed here that reading and writing <strong>of</strong> the part values <strong>of</strong> a<br />

value and its address on <strong>all</strong> runs are on average completely counted as O(r).<br />

The second area <strong>of</strong> main memory is deleted after each run <strong>to</strong> be available for the next run,<br />

until the bucket is processed. In<strong>to</strong> the first area <strong>of</strong> main memory, always only the addresses<br />

in the current sort sequence are written back, before the values with equal part value just<br />

processed are further sorted. Each value is <strong>to</strong> be s<strong>to</strong>red contiguously in memory, so that can<br />

be accessed quickly <strong>to</strong> any part value. About the time complexity can be admittedly argued.<br />

The values <strong>of</strong> a bucket and <strong>all</strong> the addresses should fit <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the main memory <strong>to</strong> avoid relatively<br />

long loading times.<br />

Both procedures can be combined well: First the O(r n)-procedure for master data, then the<br />

O((log s + r) n)-procedure for transaction data. Sorted data can be s<strong>to</strong>red in O(n) in main<br />

memory and AVL- resp. B-tree. Thus especi<strong>all</strong>y indices can be quickly built for non-indexed<br />

columns in database queries. For large tables, it makes a significant difference, whether an<br />

index is built in O(r n) instead <strong>of</strong> O(r n log n), and then a value can be searched on average<br />

in O(log s + r) instead <strong>of</strong> O(log n + r) or worse. Using skilfully a sufficiently large main memory<br />

several indexes can easily be kept simultaneously. For numbers, r is usu<strong>all</strong>y quite sm<strong>all</strong>,<br />

depending on the accuracy, and s also for a corresponding distribution. The same is true for<br />

(compressed) words, if the memory size corresponds <strong>to</strong> that <strong>of</strong> <strong>to</strong>day commerci<strong>all</strong>y available<br />

computers. Sorting by merging <strong>of</strong> arbitrarily many sorted lists is also possible in O(r n).<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 16 <strong>of</strong> 154


Discussion <strong>of</strong> bitsort: It is well suited for par<strong>all</strong>el programming and stable. It is optimal under<br />

the presuppositions made. Bitsort does only what is absolutely required, it is optimal for the<br />

rapid ongoing building <strong>of</strong> indices in (relatively fast growing) databases and for searching (<strong>see</strong><br />

below). Search trees need not <strong>to</strong> be balanced. It beats for values with relatively few bits<br />

(maxim<strong>all</strong>y address length) and corresponding hardware <strong>all</strong> sorting procedures known <strong>to</strong> me,<br />

if the values have <strong>to</strong> be read successively. One should consider carefully whether an adaptation<br />

<strong>of</strong> the hardware pays <strong>of</strong>f <strong>to</strong> achieve the described time complexity. The implementation<br />

<strong>of</strong> an appropriate memory with relatively low intelligence is admittedly simple and saves more<br />

complex processors, but by using sufficiently many <strong>of</strong> these or par<strong>all</strong>el processing (e.g. par<strong>all</strong>el<br />

use <strong>of</strong> memory areas) the term log r in O(r n) can be made less than 1.<br />

In support <strong>of</strong> sorting and searching in heterogeneous (distributed) databases (for instance <strong>of</strong><br />

different database models), a database query language can be used that <strong>all</strong>ows a unified<br />

data manipulation, with the aid <strong>of</strong> dynamic<strong>all</strong>y generated data structures from these (e.g.<br />

under a uniform interface), as long as the records have a somehow similar structure. It can<br />

decide dynamic<strong>all</strong>y, based on corresponding demands (possibly anticipa<strong>to</strong>rily), which manipulation<br />

steps are <strong>to</strong> be performed. It must be provided only with the corresponding memory<br />

information <strong>of</strong> the databases with the setup <strong>of</strong> the database structures.<br />

Changes <strong>of</strong> the programme code and data (such as the integration <strong>of</strong> further databases) at<br />

run time can be provided, if sufficient security mechanisms (including authorisation checking<br />

and setting locks) are available. The indices may be built up, for example par<strong>all</strong>el or on times<br />

<strong>of</strong> low charge, depending on their size, with different data structures - adapted <strong>to</strong> the individual<br />

presentation <strong>of</strong> the problem or optimised. Possibly a temporary merging or par<strong>all</strong>el accessing<br />

is sufficient. High-octane standards can facilitate the implementation <strong>of</strong> such a database<br />

language clearly.<br />

Outlook on the graph theory: Let n be the number <strong>of</strong> nodes <strong>of</strong> a finite simple connected<br />

graph. (If it is not simple, <strong>all</strong>ow by sorting out in O(n) only the sm<strong>all</strong>est par<strong>all</strong>el edge and no<br />

loops. If it is not connected, remove in O(n) <strong>all</strong> isolated nodes.) Since sorting and par<strong>all</strong>el<br />

adding and comparing is possible in O(1), Dijkstra's algorithm yields each time a shortest<br />

path in it in at most O(n), if negative weights are excluded. How can we compute in it a minimum<br />

and a maximum spanning tree in O(n log n) or even in O(log n)?<br />

Let each node correspond <strong>to</strong> a different natural number. Then the edges that spring from it<br />

can be each time par<strong>all</strong>el sorted in at most O(n) or O(1). Let be <strong>all</strong> edges coloured white at<br />

the beginning. Each node adds the sm<strong>all</strong>er and then the greater number <strong>of</strong> the nodes involved<br />

<strong>of</strong> the edge with the sm<strong>all</strong>est weight <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> white-coloured edges <strong>to</strong> this bit by bit as<br />

value that spring from it and s<strong>to</strong>res the sm<strong>all</strong>est value that reaches it. This is at most O(n) or<br />

O(1) possible. Then, each node has one nearest adjacent node and the edges, each consisting<br />

<strong>of</strong> two nodes <strong>of</strong> the same minimum spanning tree, are coloured black. This is also at<br />

most O(n) or O(1) possible.<br />

Now the process continues with the white-coloured edges in at most O(log n) steps, where<br />

the sm<strong>all</strong>est value <strong>of</strong> a minimum spanning tree can be determined in at most O(n) or O(1),<br />

until an over<strong>all</strong> minimum spanning tree is created in at most O(n log n) or O(log n). An over<strong>all</strong><br />

maximum spanning tree can be calculated by subtracting each time edge weights from a<br />

sufficiently large constant as new edge weights.<br />

By calculating the shortest paths, e.g. a traffic control system can be simulated in the computer<br />

that responds <strong>to</strong> changing conditions by modifying the edge weights. Packet collisions<br />

can be prevented if the nodes are numbered consecutively, and each time the packet gets<br />

the first chance that passes through the previous node with the sm<strong>all</strong>est number. Hereby<br />

collisions can be minimised by presetting road users interim targets on less-loaded routes.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 17 <strong>of</strong> 154


© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 18 <strong>of</strong> 154


Linguistics<br />

The linguistics devotes itself <strong>to</strong> the diverse linguistic issues.<br />

Below binary <strong>font</strong> without keyboard, a <strong>font</strong> keyboard without letters <strong>to</strong> be entered is presented<br />

that is based on the binary system.<br />

The <strong>font</strong> <strong>Fon<strong>to</strong></strong> contains newly-designed letters for the International Phonetic Alphabet and is<br />

the basis for the planned language Lango.<br />

Below ambisexuality in each case a new ambisexual personal pronoun for the third person<br />

singular for the English resp. German language and further grammatical changes are proposed,<br />

as they are applied in the word <strong>of</strong> L.<br />

The planned language Lango is a future world language whose root words are determined<br />

through a democratic computerised voting. The related grammar is stated.<br />

The language <strong>of</strong> science <strong>of</strong>fers a linguistic<strong>all</strong>y correct and future-oriented expression <strong>of</strong> scientific<br />

results. In addition, a trenchant picture <strong>of</strong> present science is drawn.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 19 <strong>of</strong> 154


Binary <strong>font</strong> without keyboard<br />

The past <strong>font</strong>s appeared rather illogical in the structure and needed a keyboard for the input.<br />

Here a new phonetic<strong>all</strong>y accurate <strong>font</strong> with 36 phonetic characters is presented that can represent<br />

16 * 1024 * 1024 different characters by one sign. Some <strong>of</strong> them can represent whole<br />

words. It is in the following about suggestions, from which can be deviated natur<strong>all</strong>y. Therefore<br />

little is concretised, since it concerns the idea.<br />

The characters <strong>of</strong> the primary system consist <strong>of</strong> ten bits <strong>of</strong> that four stand for the vowels in<br />

the middle part, three for the hierarchic consonants in the left part and three for the grammatical<br />

consonants in the right part. The bits are arranged on a circle (<strong>to</strong>p, bot<strong>to</strong>m, left, right)<br />

and the circles are abreast. The bits can be arranged also differently.<br />

If one or two <strong>of</strong> the three parts remain empty, one dot is set above beside or over the remaining<br />

part in a condensed representation for the identification <strong>of</strong> the part that is missing in each<br />

case, so that one can recognise which parts are missing. However, only the bits are entered<br />

that can be set. No sounds are assigned <strong>to</strong> the dots. All this can be managed by a programme.<br />

Each bit is assigned <strong>to</strong> a finger respectively the thenar. This assignment can be chosen unrestricted,<br />

should be however standardised. So thumbs and index fingers for the vowels can<br />

be used, the remaining fingers and the thenar for the consonants. If a finger or the thenar is<br />

lowered on the desk <strong>to</strong>p, then the associated bit is set.<br />

In the primary system, 16 syllables can be represented. To the vowels belong a (corresponds<br />

<strong>to</strong> 4, right), e (1, left), i, o (2, <strong>to</strong>p) and u (bot<strong>to</strong>m), the umlauts ae (5), oe (3), ue and ao (6 as<br />

in law) and the diphthongs ai, au, ei, oi, ui (7) and ou (as in low), because these occur frequently.<br />

The i consists <strong>of</strong> a complete circle, for the diphthongs with i the bit <strong>of</strong> the associated<br />

vowel is omitted. The 0 corresponds <strong>to</strong> y, which is spoken without opening the lips (like hm<br />

without m).<br />

The (grammatical) consonants in the initial sound are k (1, nouns, personal pronouns), p (2,<br />

adverbs, prepositions), l (3, plural), w (4, accusative like ch in German teich), t (5, adjectives),<br />

f (6, verbs), s (7, accusative plural) and c (0, links like sh in shoe). The final sound is<br />

the same and the real grammatical consonant. The fourth bit is represented by m, which follows<br />

in the initial sound after and in the final sound before the consonants.<br />

The sounds that cannot be represented with twelve bits are represented with further four bits<br />

within the circles (horizont<strong>all</strong>y, perpendicularly and two diagonals). The consonants read g<br />

(1), b (2), r (3), x (4 like ch in German buch), d (5), v (6), z (7) and j (0 like j in journal). They<br />

correspond <strong>to</strong> the primary system in the order. The fourth bit is n, which follows in the initial<br />

sound after and in the final sound before the consonants. So we have again twelve bits, <strong>to</strong><br />

which one switches, as <strong>all</strong> ten fingers respectively the thenars are lowered on the desk <strong>to</strong>p.<br />

If the bits should not be sufficient, further ones can be added. They can be "written" with the<br />

feet or elbows or knees. Ersatz consonants are h (like th in thin) and q (like th in the). Bit<br />

combinations with m or n can be spoken also as other sounds: e.g. xn like the hither<strong>to</strong> h, dn<br />

such as English th and so on.<br />

If mankind should succeed <strong>to</strong> be able <strong>to</strong> use the thoughts in the brain, - it is with additional<br />

technology - this is omitted. Then less characters than complete pictures are thought, and<br />

these are converted in characters. Since whole words can be written at once, a clear speed<br />

increase is <strong>to</strong> be expected. However, the complete character set cannot be exploited completely,<br />

since, because <strong>of</strong> the danger <strong>of</strong> mix-ups, sufficient gaps must remain (thin <strong>all</strong>ocation).<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 20 <strong>of</strong> 154


The conversion for blind persons is likewise simple. Addition<strong>all</strong>y deaf-mutes can communicate<br />

with the hands (and fingertips). Since one is substanti<strong>all</strong>y faster with the keyboard, as<br />

long as par<strong>all</strong>el processing is <strong>to</strong>o difficult for man, it is <strong>to</strong> focus in the following on the keyboard<br />

and the dependence on the phonetic transcription (a character - a sound). The conventional<br />

characters are more eidetic than the bit combinations and thus easier catchy (maintaining<br />

<strong>of</strong> his<strong>to</strong>ry).<br />

The "keyboard" could consist <strong>of</strong> a "data glove" that determines the correct "key" from the<br />

relative movement <strong>of</strong> the fingers. So substanti<strong>all</strong>y more "keys" could be mapped. Furthermore,<br />

the "keys" could be rearranged by considering the frequency <strong>of</strong> the characters and/or<br />

letters. As long as there is no unitary language, cus<strong>to</strong>misable country versions are here useful.<br />

The "keyboard" can be specified by three-dimensional holography or two-dimensional<br />

laser light.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 21 <strong>of</strong> 154


Font <strong>Fon<strong>to</strong></strong><br />

To the International Phonetic Alphabet, there is in the future an own new <strong>font</strong>: <strong>font</strong>o.<strong>ttf</strong>. Thus,<br />

the language <strong>of</strong> the future can be formed in such a way that each sound corresponds <strong>to</strong> a<br />

letter and vice versa. There are uniform letters: one does not distinguish between upper and<br />

lower case. All letters are horizontal symmetrical and have two heights. Similar sounds are in<br />

principle also similarly written.<br />

The more seldom vowels get, compared <strong>to</strong> the more frequent vowels, one more line, the<br />

voiced consonants, compared <strong>to</strong> the voiceless, a close form. In the n-dimensional representation,<br />

the two-dimensional letters are laid on the surfaces <strong>of</strong> an n-dimensional cube. Since<br />

no two unequal letters can be transformed by rotation <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> another, they are always good <strong>to</strong><br />

recognise.<br />

Plosives contain a v, nasals a point, trills consist <strong>of</strong> a circle with a horizontal bar at the <strong>to</strong>p,<br />

taps/flaps have addition<strong>all</strong>y a horizontal bar at the bot<strong>to</strong>m, lateral fricatives contain an E,<br />

whose upper and lower end point <strong>to</strong> the middle crossbar, approximants can be identified by<br />

two par<strong>all</strong>el lines and lateral approximants consist at least <strong>of</strong> a circle, from which two bars<br />

diverge.<br />

<strong>Load</strong> <strong>Fon<strong>to</strong></strong>.<strong>ttf</strong> <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> <strong>your</strong> <strong>font</strong> <strong>direc<strong>to</strong>ry</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>see</strong> <strong>all</strong><br />

characters properly!<br />

Digits: 0 (0), 1 (1), 2 (2), 3 (3), 4 (4), 5 (5), 6 (6), 7 (7), 8 (8), 9 (9).<br />

Vowels:<br />

Opening Location Roundness Unicode IPA Alt ISO <strong>Fon<strong>to</strong></strong><br />

close front unrounded U+0069 i Alt+0105 i i<br />

close front rounded U+0079 y Alt+0121 y y<br />

close central unrounded U+0268 ɨ Alt+0073 I I<br />

close central rounded U+0289 ʉ Alt+0089 Y Y<br />

close back unrounded U+026F ɯ Alt+0085 U U<br />

close back rounded U+0075 u Alt+0117 u u<br />

near-close near-front unrounded U+026A ɪ Alt+0239 ï ï<br />

near-close near-front rounded U+028F ʏ Alt+0207 Ï Ï<br />

near-close near-back rounded U+028A ʊ Alt+0216 Ø Ø<br />

close-mid front unrounded U+0065 e Alt+0101 e e<br />

close-mid front rounded U+00F8 ø Alt+0248 ø ø<br />

close-mid central unrounded U+0258 ɘ Alt+0069 E E<br />

close-mid central rounded U+0275 ɵ Alt+0244 ô ô<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 22 <strong>of</strong> 154


close-mid back unrounded U+0264 ɤ Alt+0079 O O<br />

close-mid back rounded U+006F o Alt+0111 o o<br />

mid central U+0259 ə Alt+0212 Ô Ô<br />

open-mid front unrounded U+025B ɛ Alt+0232 è è<br />

open-mid front rounded U+0153 œ Alt+0246 ö ö<br />

open-mid central unrounded U+025C ɜ Alt+0200 È È<br />

open-mid central rounded U+025E ɞ Alt+0214 Ö Ö<br />

open-mid back unrounded U+028C ʌ Alt+0193 Á Á<br />

open-mid back rounded U+0254 ɔ Alt+0225 á á<br />

near-open front unrounded U+00E6 æ Alt+0230 æ æ<br />

near-open central U+0250 ɐ Alt+0198 Æ Æ<br />

open front unrounded U+0061 a Alt+0097 a a<br />

open front rounded U+0276 ɶ Alt+0224 à à<br />

open back unrounded U+0251 ɑ Alt+0065 A A<br />

open back rounded U+0252 ɒ Alt+0192 À À<br />

Consonants:<br />

Manner Place Voice Unicode IPA Alt ISO <strong>Fon<strong>to</strong></strong><br />

Plosive bilabial voiceless U+0070 p Alt+0112 p p<br />

Plosive bilabial voiced U+0062 b Alt+0080 P P<br />

Plosive alveolar voiceless U+0074 t Alt+0116 t t<br />

Plosive alveolar voiced U+0064 d Alt+0084 T T<br />

Plosive retr<strong>of</strong>lex voiceless U+0288 ʈ Alt+0100 d d<br />

Plosive retr<strong>of</strong>lex voiced U+0256 ɖ Alt+0068 D D<br />

Plosive palatal voiceless U+0063 c Alt+0099 c c<br />

Plosive palatal voiced U+025F ɟ Alt+0067 C C<br />

Plosive velar voiceless U+006B k Alt+0107 k k<br />

Plosive velar voiced U+0067 g Alt+0075 K K<br />

Plosive uvular voiceless U+0071 q Alt+0113 q q<br />

Plosive uvular voiced U+0262 ɢ Alt+0081 Q Q<br />

Plosive glottal voiceless U+0294 ʔ Alt+0202 Ê Ê<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 23 <strong>of</strong> 154


Nasal bilabial voiced U+006D m Alt+0109 m m<br />

Nasal labiodental voiced U+0271 ɱ Alt+0077 M M<br />

Nasal alveolar voiced U+006E n Alt+0110 n n<br />

Nasal retr<strong>of</strong>lex voiced U+0273 ɳ Alt+0241 ñ ñ<br />

Nasal palatal voiced U+0272 ɲ Alt+0209 Ñ Ñ<br />

Nasal velar voiced U+014B ŋ Alt+0078 N N<br />

Nasal uvular voiced U+0274 ɴ Alt+0234 ê ê<br />

Trill bilabial voiced U+0299 ʙ Alt+0062 b b<br />

Trill alveolar voiced U+0072 r Alt+0114 r r<br />

Trill uvular voiced U+0280 ʀ Alt+0082 R R<br />

Tap/Flap labiodental voiced U+? ? Alt+0223 ß ß<br />

Tap/Flap alveolar voiced U+027E ɾ Alt+0226 â â<br />

Tap/Flap retr<strong>of</strong>lex voiced U+027D ɽ Alt+0194 Â Â<br />

Fricative bilabial voiceless U+0278 ɸ Alt+0118 v v<br />

Fricative bilabial voiced U+03B2 β Alt+0086 V V<br />

Fricative labiodental voiceless U+0066 f Alt+0102 f f<br />

Fricative labiodental voiced U+0076 v Alt+0070 F F<br />

Fricative dental voiceless U+03B8 θ Alt+0103 g g<br />

Fricative dental voiced U+00F0 ð Alt+0071 G G<br />

Fricative alveolar voiceless U+0073 s Alt+0115 s s<br />

Fricative alveolar voiced U+007A z Alt+0083 S S<br />

Fricative postalveolar voiceless U+0283 ʃ Alt+0122 z z<br />

Fricative postalveolar voiced U+0292 ʒ Alt+0090 Z Z<br />

Fricative retr<strong>of</strong>lex voiceless U+0282 ʂ Alt+0252 ü ü<br />

Fricative retr<strong>of</strong>lex voiced U+0290 ʐ Alt+0220 Ü Ü<br />

Fricative palatal voiceless U+00E7 ç Alt+0231 ç ç<br />

Fricative palatal voiced U+029D ʝ Alt+0074 J J<br />

Fricative velar voiceless U+0078 x Alt+0120 x x<br />

Fricative velar voiced U+0263 ɣ Alt+0088 X X<br />

Fricative uvular voiceless U+03C7 χ Alt+0243 ó ó<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 24 <strong>of</strong> 154


Fricative uvular voiced U+0281 ʁ Alt+0211 Ó Ó<br />

Fricative pharyngeal voiceless U+0127 ħ Alt+0240 ð ð<br />

Fricative pharyngeal voiced U+0295 ʕ Alt+0208 Ð Ð<br />

Fricative glottal voiceless U+0068 h Alt+0104 h h<br />

Fricative glottal voiced U+0266 ɦ Alt+0072 H H<br />

Lateral Fricative alveolar voiceless U+026C ɬ Alt+0238 î î<br />

Lateral Fricative alveolar voiced U+026E ɮ Alt+0206 Î Î<br />

Approximant labiodental voiced U+028B ʋ Alt+0245 õ õ<br />

Approximant alveolar voiced U+0279 ɹ Alt+0213 Õ Õ<br />

Approximant retr<strong>of</strong>lex voiced U+027B ɻ Alt+0199 Ç Ç<br />

Approximant palatal voiced U+006A j Alt+0106 j j<br />

Approximant velar voiced U+0270 ɰ Alt+0066 B B<br />

Lateral Approx. alveolar voiced U+006C l Alt+0108 l l<br />

Lateral Approx. retr<strong>of</strong>lex voiced U+026D ɭ Alt+0076 L L<br />

Lateral Approx. palatal voiced U+028E ʎ Alt+0227 ã ã<br />

Lateral Approx. velar voiced U+029F ʟ Alt+0195 Ã Ã<br />

Klick bilabial non-pulm. U+0298 ʘ Alt+0210 Ò Ò<br />

Klick dental non-pulm. U+01C0 ǀ Alt+0253 ý ý<br />

Klick (post)alveolar non-pulm. U+01C3 ǃ Alt+0221 Ý Ý<br />

Klick pala<strong>to</strong>alveolar non-pulm. U+01C2 ǂ Alt+0254 þ þ<br />

Klick alveolar lateral non-pulm. U+01C1 ǁ Alt+0222 Þ Þ<br />

Implosive bilabial voiced U+0253 ɓ Alt+0237 í í<br />

Implosive dental/alveolar voiced U+0257 ɗ Alt+0205 Í Í<br />

Implosive palatal voiced U+0284 ʄ Alt+0236 ì ì<br />

Implosive velar voiced U+0260 ɠ Alt+0204 Ì Ì<br />

Implosive uvular voiced U+029B ʛ Alt+0242 ò ò<br />

Other symbols:<br />

Manner Place Voice Unicode IPA Alt ISO <strong>Fon<strong>to</strong></strong><br />

Fricative labiovelar voiceless U+028D ʍ Alt+0119 w w<br />

Approximant labiovelar voiced U+0077 w Alt+0087 W W<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 25 <strong>of</strong> 154


Approximant labiopalatal voiced U+0265 ɥ Alt+0203 Ë Ë<br />

Fricative epiglottal voiceless U+029C ʜ Alt+0235 ë ë<br />

Fricative epiglottal voiced U+02A2 ʢ Alt+0233 é é<br />

Plosive epiglottal voiceless U+02A1 ʡ Alt+0201 É É<br />

Fricative alveolopalatal voiceless U+0255 ɕ Alt+0228 ä ä<br />

Fricative alveolopalatal voiced U+0291 ʑ Alt+0196 Ä Ä<br />

Flap lateral alveolar voiced U+027A ɺ Alt+0229 å å<br />

Fricative velopalatal voiceless U+0267 ɧ Alt+0197 Å Å<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 26 <strong>of</strong> 154


Ambisexuality<br />

L gave me the idea <strong>to</strong> introduce the following ambisexual personal pronouns in the third person<br />

singular for the word <strong>of</strong> L, and <strong>to</strong> propose them <strong>to</strong> be taken over <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the German resp.<br />

English language: ze in English and zie in German.<br />

The letter z is <strong>to</strong> found an own root word, which is also <strong>to</strong> apply in other languages, provided<br />

that this does not lead <strong>to</strong> a collision with present words. Letters like j (declinable <strong>to</strong>o badly) or<br />

x (<strong>to</strong>o un-German) are ineligible and were also considered. There should be no confusion<br />

with words <strong>of</strong> the in each case other language and a basic similarity be observed.<br />

The declination in English is ze (subjective), zer (objective), zerself (reflexive) and zis (possessive).<br />

The suffix for nouns is -rel. The preponderance <strong>of</strong> the female deduction reflects the<br />

fact that the male personal pronoun was hither<strong>to</strong> predominant and thus a poetic justice is <strong>to</strong><br />

establish.<br />

The declination in German is zie (nominative), zihrer (genitive), zihr (dative and the beginning<br />

<strong>of</strong> the associated possessive pronoun) and zihn (accusative). The related articles read don,<br />

doren, dor and don; the relative pronouns don, doren, dor and don. The suffixes for adjectives,<br />

substantives, pronouns and the indefinite article read -on, -or, -or and -on in the singular<br />

and -onen in the plural. The declination <strong>of</strong> the adjectives in connection with the articles<br />

and substantives reads: einon/don -e -on (nominative and accusative) and einor/dor -en -or<br />

(genitive and dative). Man is replaced by on, -mann and -frau by -on. For the preponderance<br />

<strong>of</strong> female deduction applies the same as in English.<br />

Examples (for the German language)<br />

God is in the religion <strong>of</strong> love denoted with L and is ambisexual, so it reads: don L. One finds<br />

the ambisexual form <strong>of</strong> a male noun, either by replacing the male suffix by on: don Mession<br />

(from: der Messias) and don Pries<strong>to</strong>n (from: der Priester), or by appending: don Bischöfon<br />

(from: der Bisch<strong>of</strong>). Adjectives between article and noun remain unchanged: don gute Betreuon<br />

(from: der gute Betreuer).<br />

Zie zeigt dor aufmerksamen Schiedsor den Brief dor Pr<strong>of</strong>essoror (from: Er/sie zeigt dem/der<br />

aufmerksamen Schiedsmann/Schiedsfrau den Brief des Pr<strong>of</strong>essors/der Pr<strong>of</strong>essorin). Einon<br />

Vermittlon zwischen den Anwäl<strong>to</strong>nen, doren Weisheit zihr zum Vorteil gereichte, machte<br />

donselbe auf zihren Fehler aufmerksam (from: ein/eine Vermittler/in zwischen den Anwälten/Anwältinnen,<br />

dessen/deren Weisheit ihm/ihr zum Vorteil gereichte, machten denselben/dieselbe<br />

auf seinen/ihren Fehler aufmerksam).<br />

The changes interfere ins<strong>of</strong>ar little, since there are only additional words. Thus it still reads:<br />

Niemand, dem ... and not nieond, dor ... About this the last word certainly has not yet been<br />

spoken :-).<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 27 <strong>of</strong> 154


Planned language Lango<br />

Only capital letters are written. In adjectives is the vowel a inserted, in adverbs the vowel e<br />

and in prepositions the vowel u and personal pronouns have the vowel <strong>of</strong> nouns (o in the<br />

singular, i in the plural). The latter do not have a sex (also by occupations it is omitted).<br />

There are no articles. There is no case (subject-predicate-object-rule). To place the object<br />

first, this is preceded with a preposition in case <strong>of</strong> need. Comparisons <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> words are assigned<br />

in the positive <strong>to</strong> the numbers <strong>of</strong> 1 <strong>to</strong> 3, in the negative <strong>to</strong> the numbers <strong>of</strong> 7 <strong>to</strong> 5 (<strong>see</strong><br />

octal clock).<br />

Verbs consist <strong>of</strong> the stem and inserted time. There is a question, a subjunctive and a passive<br />

particle. The tenses are formed as follows: Present (umlaut aj), imperative (in the sentence<br />

preceded present), future I (uj), future II (finish particle and future I), past perfect (finish particle<br />

and past), past (oj) and perfect (finish particle and present). The directions are read <strong>of</strong>f<br />

also from the octal clock and assigned <strong>to</strong> the numbers. The modal verbs are assigned <strong>to</strong> the<br />

verb <strong>to</strong> be and <strong>to</strong> the numbers as follows: Neutral 0, can 1, may 2, like 3, want 4, sh<strong>all</strong> 5,<br />

need 6 and must 7.<br />

The words are formed after the languages up <strong>to</strong> now according <strong>to</strong> the following rules:<br />

1) Priority is given <strong>to</strong> the word formation with most speakers,<br />

2) the most frequently used words are the shortest ones - for this purpose for each word<br />

maximum lengths are determined and if they are exceeded at the selection, alternatives are<br />

searched for,<br />

3) enough gaps are <strong>to</strong> mind (also for future terms): if the words are <strong>to</strong>o similar (the specified<br />

number is exceeded), also alternatives are searched for,<br />

4) at collisions is <strong>to</strong> switch <strong>to</strong> rarer languages,<br />

5) similar words that are not derived from each other, must have distinct meanings,<br />

6) there is for the moment only one meaning, as precisely determined as possible, per word,<br />

7) if a word has in a previous language several meanings, so a ranking <strong>of</strong> the meanings is<br />

specified, which determines what meaning gets a chance, if the word is the winner,<br />

8) the order <strong>of</strong> the determination is: noun, adjective, adverb, verb, remaining lexical categories,<br />

i.e. starting from the noun, the remaining lexical categories are determined by specifying<br />

for each word the corresponding meaning,<br />

9) diacritics, suprasegmentals, pitches, stress and <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong>nation are not recorded and lead <strong>to</strong> no<br />

difference in meaning (principle <strong>of</strong> licence <strong>of</strong> dialect),<br />

10) the standard emphasis is on every second syllable <strong>of</strong> the word measured from the end.<br />

The vocabulary <strong>of</strong> the planned language Lango is democratic<strong>all</strong>y determined: First, <strong>all</strong> the<br />

words <strong>of</strong> the existing languages coming <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> question are filed in a database. To be able <strong>to</strong><br />

concentrate on the main languages, the language with the most root words is identified.<br />

Then, the <strong>to</strong>tal population number is divided by the number <strong>of</strong> root words <strong>of</strong> the language<br />

with the most root words.<br />

Thus one obtains the minimum number <strong>of</strong> speakers that a language needs <strong>to</strong> be considered.<br />

Proceeding more accurately, also <strong>all</strong> foreign root words in the language with the most root<br />

words are considered. Alternatively, one can divide the <strong>to</strong>tal population number by the <strong>to</strong>tal<br />

number <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> meanings.<br />

After the languages are identified <strong>to</strong> be taken <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> account, a multilingual dictionary is compiled<br />

as a database in that the translations and meanings <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> words are located. Then the<br />

determined meanings are assigned <strong>to</strong> fields <strong>of</strong> daily life in such a way that in each field so<br />

many meanings are located as the population divided by the sm<strong>all</strong>est number <strong>of</strong> speakers <strong>to</strong><br />

be taken <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> account indicates.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 28 <strong>of</strong> 154


Then, for each language, the relative frequency <strong>of</strong> occurrence in the entire vocabulary <strong>of</strong> the<br />

language per (presumable) meaning is determined. To have a uniform, but language individual<br />

standard text, the most comprehensive electronic dictionary is employed as basis and<br />

first mainstay. Missing records are translated so that each language is represented by the<br />

same amount.<br />

As second mainstay texts are taken <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> account that are <strong>of</strong> special importance in a language.<br />

These texts are weighted by a democratic election <strong>of</strong> the speakers. For this purpose,<br />

a list is created from that each speaker may choose maximum one-tenth. If ze chooses less<br />

text, zis choice is weighted proportion<strong>all</strong>y higher.<br />

The third mainstay is the colloquial language. At this, newspapers, magazines, television and<br />

radio broadcasts are determined for a representative period with the weighting <strong>of</strong> their use in<br />

the population <strong>of</strong> speakers <strong>of</strong> a language. Each mainstay is equ<strong>all</strong>y considered. Untranslatable<br />

root words are replaced by the most common foreign root word or determined by voting.<br />

The name <strong>of</strong> the planned language is replaced by the root word for language that accepted<br />

the bid. The grammar is determined by a working group in that the members are represented<br />

by their strength <strong>of</strong> languages. It would be nice if my grammar proposed would be taken <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong><br />

account. The same is true for my letters from the <strong>font</strong> <strong>Fon<strong>to</strong></strong>. The grammar always has priority<br />

over the vocabulary: All meanings are processed appropriately <strong>to</strong> the grammar.<br />

Now, the formation <strong>of</strong> the vocabulary can start. A field is determined by random genera<strong>to</strong>r. A<br />

meaning is chosen by random genera<strong>to</strong>r. It is chosen first the meaning with the highest number<br />

<strong>of</strong> similarity. This arises from the number <strong>of</strong> languages resp. number <strong>of</strong> speakers, accounting<br />

for the corresponding root words if one looks only at its similarity between the languages.<br />

At equality the random genera<strong>to</strong>r decides.<br />

With the number similarity determination the relative frequency <strong>of</strong> occurrence in the relevant<br />

languages is determined concerning the part <strong>of</strong> the word, after <strong>all</strong> composites, based on the<br />

part <strong>of</strong> the word, were counted and <strong>all</strong> inflection forms after the grammar. The frequency is<br />

converted <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> points and multiplied with the word number. The point value is entered for <strong>all</strong><br />

languages involved.<br />

Now, the language with the most speakers in the languages without points is selected and<br />

the meaning is sought with the highest number <strong>of</strong> similarity. At equality the random genera<strong>to</strong>r<br />

decides. Calculation is as above. The points are entered and the next important not considered<br />

language is processed. The process will continue as long until each language according<br />

<strong>to</strong> its frequency has been adequately considered.<br />

It is ongoing paid attention <strong>to</strong> the proportional consideration <strong>of</strong> languages: Where the largest<br />

deficits are, will be continued (difference <strong>of</strong> the actual with the percentage numbers due <strong>to</strong>). If<br />

a field is exhausted, the random genera<strong>to</strong>r determines the next one. The surplus percentage<br />

points are transferred from the previously handled field.<br />

Languages, whose number <strong>of</strong> speakers is not enough <strong>to</strong> be percent<strong>all</strong>y considered in the<br />

language groups, are involved anyway: They may suggest words as foreign words that exist<br />

only in their language and proper nouns that belong <strong>to</strong> their language and represent it. The<br />

proposals are yet grammatic<strong>all</strong>y adapted.<br />

Proper names such as rivers, mountains, places, buildings, etc. are always denoted in the<br />

language that most speakers speak in the area in that the object is located. By presence <strong>of</strong><br />

various languages one proceeds like the main procedure (percental consideration). Personal<br />

names are written as the owner or his legal representative intend <strong>to</strong>. The laws <strong>of</strong> other states<br />

may provide other things: than applies the law.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 29 <strong>of</strong> 154


Each speaker decides among which languages ze wants <strong>to</strong> be counted (or the legal representative).<br />

For this purpose, more comprehensive elections can be held: To choose are <strong>all</strong><br />

existing languages in descending order according <strong>to</strong> their number <strong>of</strong> speakers.<br />

Per language a maximum <strong>of</strong> five crosses can be made. Addition<strong>all</strong>y one can make a single<br />

cross <strong>to</strong> choose <strong>all</strong> languages (<strong>of</strong>fered as a single option). The crosses are converted <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong><br />

percentages. Each voter has one vote, what corresponds <strong>to</strong> 100 %. Then there is the percentage<br />

<strong>of</strong> the <strong>to</strong>tal elec<strong>to</strong>rate that includes every human being.<br />

Election workers advise the illiterate. Invalid b<strong>all</strong>ots are not counted. Who stays away from<br />

the election is also not counted. The elec<strong>to</strong>ral process is fair <strong>to</strong> those that speak more than<br />

one language or want <strong>to</strong> favour languages that they do not speak.<br />

If it comes <strong>to</strong> conflicts in the definition <strong>of</strong> the vocabulary, because a word was once already<br />

assigned, alternatives within the two words are searched for: first for the new word, then for<br />

the old one. In the unlikely event that there are more meanings than corresponding words or<br />

root words, either artificial words are <strong>to</strong> form or meanings <strong>to</strong> assign <strong>to</strong> existing words or root<br />

words (homonyms). In the latter case, the most common use is awarded the contract.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 30 <strong>of</strong> 154


Language <strong>of</strong> science<br />

What language <strong>of</strong> science is appropriate? How are scientific results expressed, linguistic<strong>all</strong>y<br />

correct and future-oriented? What has <strong>to</strong> be considered in this case? These questions are <strong>to</strong><br />

be answered in the following.<br />

Within and outside <strong>of</strong> science applies: No appropriate text can emerge without sufficient personal<br />

maturity. Who has this will avoid (conventional) phrases as far as possible, even if their<br />

use is highly esteemed, <strong>to</strong> a large extent, or demanded. No one can upgrade a poor paper,<br />

in front <strong>of</strong> a sufficiently developed reviewer by parlance or talebearing, or present it in a significantly<br />

more favourable light.<br />

Such behaviour is repulsive and does a disservice <strong>to</strong> science. In the future, only texts will<br />

endure that stand clearly alo<strong>of</strong> from that, since, with the exponential growth <strong>of</strong> knowledge, no<br />

one will bother <strong>to</strong> take note <strong>of</strong> the poor texts, in the light <strong>of</strong> the many good ones. Who does<br />

not want <strong>to</strong> perish thus will have <strong>to</strong> think properly, and must also give zis thoughts the right<br />

form.<br />

The worse mistakes are the wrong, insufficient or superfluous thoughts. Who only wants <strong>to</strong><br />

fill the pages and publish (at any price) has them surely. Who spends much time here wastes<br />

it, but <strong>of</strong>ten incentives, such as a title, are the stronger argument than the quality, even if only<br />

expensive linguistic garbage emerges. The number <strong>of</strong> basic<strong>all</strong>y worthless "papers" runs unfortunately<br />

worldwide <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> a few million texts.<br />

Is it bad enough that decidedly <strong>to</strong>o many superfluous and irrelevant research projects are run<br />

in science, and, even worse, financed (at the expense <strong>of</strong> the general public), since the persuasive<br />

power is stronger than the mind, which can be easily proven by the "results", so it is<br />

standing <strong>to</strong> reason <strong>to</strong> use a language that <strong>all</strong>ows for as many as possible, without difficulty,<br />

<strong>to</strong> separate the wheat from the chaff.<br />

Present science is far <strong>to</strong>o <strong>of</strong>ten characterised <strong>to</strong> roll out weak thoughts, ranting, overprecise<br />

and simple, leading <strong>to</strong> believe, with as many level-depressing quotes, a completeness (<strong>of</strong> the<br />

still insufficient), yet passing the essential, since it would otherwise flinch from its own justification,<br />

although it lost it by this, as easy reflections and back translations show.<br />

A winning presentation is mostly sacrificed in favour <strong>of</strong> drily "scientificalness", which is accompanied<br />

by self taboos and its formalised unimaginativeness, since scientific wit wants <strong>to</strong><br />

contrast with the "ordinary" one. If wit would actu<strong>all</strong>y be made obliga<strong>to</strong>ry, the craftsmanship<br />

science would be overch<strong>all</strong>enged, since this form <strong>of</strong> upgrading would contradict the cold neutrality<br />

that makes it such an exciting experience <strong>to</strong>day.<br />

If scientists <strong>all</strong>ow themselves <strong>to</strong> rate, then preferably about the stupidity <strong>of</strong> those who published<br />

so poorly earlier, so that only the own superiority could correct this, if they want <strong>to</strong><br />

serve with a scientific<strong>all</strong>y presentable result at <strong>all</strong>, since even the sm<strong>all</strong>est new tail constitutes<br />

scientific progress and dangles then conspicuously from the graduation cap or preliminary<br />

<strong>to</strong> the own name.<br />

Equ<strong>all</strong>y popular is <strong>to</strong> rate in a (poorly) hidden manner, because <strong>of</strong> the self-imposed value<br />

freedom, by choosing words that (also) can be rated pejorative (and actu<strong>all</strong>y must be), but<br />

what the respective author is forgiven, because oneself does not think much better, or knuckles<br />

under <strong>to</strong> the "luminary", who is, as contrasted with a beginner, entitled <strong>to</strong> this, after the<br />

thorny climbing the peak <strong>of</strong> science.<br />

If one would confront a scientist with a brief, novel and fruitful text, it could be still so ingenious<br />

and significant and ze would not accept it as such, or take note <strong>of</strong> it, if it would not meet<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 31 <strong>of</strong> 154


the conventional and outdated standards, which do not reveal anything about the value <strong>of</strong> a<br />

paper, but, on the contrary, reduce it relatively. This must be avoided and made clearly conscious.<br />

It is outrageous, which trivial things <strong>of</strong> course are transformed <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> unmeaning results, under<br />

the guise <strong>of</strong> science, by extensive and costly studies, empiric<strong>all</strong>y on the cusp <strong>of</strong> the predicable<br />

at <strong>all</strong> resp. meaningless, with scarce expressiveness and slight significance multiply "secured",<br />

and at a high price regaled as the eggs <strong>of</strong> Columbus on symposia, congresses, etc.<br />

No subject is <strong>to</strong>o absurd, as that it is not suitable for the meticulous scientific exploration and<br />

squandering generation <strong>of</strong> (hypo-) theses, since science is at best ashamed <strong>of</strong> its impatience,<br />

which the reality produces, but is actu<strong>all</strong>y an expression <strong>of</strong> its lack <strong>of</strong> restraint and<br />

immoderateness resp. brazenness <strong>to</strong> pretty up verbosely that what is not worth knowing, and<br />

<strong>to</strong> defend it against <strong>of</strong>fences <strong>of</strong> decency.<br />

Who dares <strong>to</strong> c<strong>all</strong> the (scientific) significance <strong>of</strong> the results <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> question is confronted with<br />

elusive spurious arguments, which turn every X <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> a U, but emphasise above <strong>all</strong> the necessity<br />

for the survival <strong>of</strong> humanity, which enables the knowledge <strong>of</strong> science <strong>to</strong> preserve its<br />

power. When it comes <strong>to</strong> its existence, science cannot take a joke, just as little as with the<br />

loss <strong>of</strong> influence in society.<br />

If the majority would trust in divine revelation and its common sense more than in the undeserved<br />

opinion leadership <strong>of</strong> science, because <strong>of</strong> the verifiability and (<strong>see</strong>ming) objectivity <strong>of</strong><br />

scientific results, so it would quickly be on <strong>to</strong> science and start <strong>to</strong> give back the distinction <strong>to</strong><br />

it that it deserves, by defining, better and more strictly, the standards for science for the good<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong>.<br />

Who wants <strong>to</strong> experience <strong>of</strong> what science is vain needs only <strong>to</strong> follow the way it presents<br />

itself in its publications and lectures, when it demonstrates its learnedness, in <strong>of</strong>f-hook terminology,<br />

and <strong>of</strong>ten bossy as overly didactic, in strict accordance with the scientific pecking<br />

order. It is dissected and reinterpreted in endless discussions, what already comes out <strong>of</strong><br />

one's ears again.<br />

In numerous animal experiments, the animals suffer for the most superfluous questions, only<br />

because science does not want <strong>to</strong> control its insatiable curiosity, or wants <strong>to</strong> prove that for<br />

what its reason is not sufficient, or where it is <strong>to</strong>o comfortable for appropriate alternatives.<br />

The greed for comfort, (dubious) fame and long-lasting luxury as possible incites it more than<br />

the cognition that a happy and fulfilling life follows the divine order.<br />

Instead <strong>of</strong> building on solid foundations, it rather erects swashbuckling theoretical buildings,<br />

which everyone with a clear mind shuns, because <strong>of</strong> its bookish inaccessibility and insufficiency.<br />

In doing so, it loses the essentials completely out <strong>of</strong> sight and knits with primitive scientific<br />

manner an inextricable b<strong>all</strong> <strong>of</strong> mental aberrations that passes by life and only gives<br />

trouble <strong>to</strong> anyone who must be concerned with it.<br />

Quality, as well as aesthetics, suffers from the fury <strong>of</strong> publishing, and so the treatises are <strong>to</strong><br />

read again and again as testimonials <strong>of</strong> the personality and the character <strong>of</strong> their authors,<br />

since their language and their content still disclose what the authors would prefer <strong>to</strong> conceal.<br />

Who lives agreeable <strong>to</strong> L and refined zerself intensively is not concerned with things that are<br />

unworthy for L, since ze aims at higher goals than extremely giving zerself airs.<br />

Instead <strong>of</strong> respecting the individuality <strong>of</strong> the individual and doing justice <strong>to</strong> zer in zis uniqueness,<br />

science makes general statements about so large groups that their significance is vanishingly<br />

sm<strong>all</strong>. In doing so, it tries <strong>to</strong> reduce everything, if possible, <strong>to</strong> one principle and <strong>to</strong><br />

jam the diversity <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> a scientific corset that satisfies its drive for simplicity. But it depends on<br />

the right amount <strong>of</strong> both.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 32 <strong>of</strong> 154


Who develops, in the relationship with L, the greatness that comes from L knows how ze<br />

brings zer thinking, concentrated on the essentials, in the right form and spares others the<br />

mistakes that we find in science <strong>to</strong>day. One may find the drawn picture in a given case exaggerated,<br />

but it shows how science basic<strong>all</strong>y is in our time. The way out <strong>of</strong> the grievance was<br />

shown clearly. It is always worthwhile <strong>to</strong> go it for the good <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong>.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 33 <strong>of</strong> 154


Mathematics<br />

The following results in the field infinity, set theory, transcendent numbers and nonstandardanalysis<br />

have <strong>to</strong> be c<strong>all</strong>ed sensational!<br />

Because <strong>of</strong> the finiteness <strong>of</strong> our world, there are certain difficulties <strong>to</strong> treat the infinite. One<br />

difficulty is the question whether one sh<strong>all</strong> define the number <strong>of</strong> elements <strong>of</strong> the set <strong>of</strong> algebraic<br />

numbers finite or infinite. The finite definition <strong>of</strong>fers significant advantages <strong>of</strong> handling<br />

and stands in the tradition. It is also shown that the set <strong>of</strong> natural, integer, rational, algebraic,<br />

real and complex numbers is not closed. Hence, the difference <strong>of</strong> algebraic numbers is no<br />

longer necessarily algebraic, what complicates the theory <strong>of</strong> the transcendent numbers.<br />

A trans-rational and transcendent number can also consist <strong>of</strong> a finite continued fraction, in<br />

which the last partial denomina<strong>to</strong>r is infinitely large. Would it be identified with a convention<strong>all</strong>y<br />

rational number by setting the last partial fraction equal <strong>to</strong> zero, it would simultaneously<br />

solve a linear equation with integer as with trans-integer coefficients. This identification leads<br />

<strong>to</strong> contradictions, if the first equation is subtracted several times from the second one and the<br />

solution <strong>of</strong> every newly emerged equation is determined, and is therefore incorrect. Correct is<br />

working with approximate fractions.<br />

One can show by (convention<strong>all</strong>y natural and trans-natural) induction that one, starting with<br />

the set <strong>of</strong> convention<strong>all</strong>y natural numbers, can diagonalise up <strong>to</strong> any power according <strong>to</strong><br />

Can<strong>to</strong>r, so that <strong>all</strong>(!) infinite sets are equipotent <strong>to</strong> the set <strong>of</strong> convention<strong>all</strong>y natural numbers,<br />

if one uses Hilbert's translations as an aid. This contradic<strong>to</strong>riness is met with the proposition<br />

that there is for no set a bijection <strong>to</strong> its proper subset. Hence, Dedekind-infinity and Hilbert's<br />

hotel are destroyed, since the image sets <strong>of</strong> translations <strong>of</strong> every set lead out <strong>of</strong> this.<br />

Every number <strong>of</strong> elements <strong>of</strong> a set can be specified by reference <strong>to</strong> the set <strong>of</strong> convention<strong>all</strong>y<br />

natural numbers. Only from the exact construction instruction it can be specified precisely.<br />

Thus, it makes an important difference if one treats <strong>all</strong> multiples <strong>of</strong> five and constructs<br />

thereby the associated set in such a way that one times each convention<strong>all</strong>y natural number<br />

with five or that one deletes <strong>all</strong> numbers, up <strong>to</strong> each fifth, from the set <strong>of</strong> the convention<strong>all</strong>y<br />

natural numbers. Can<strong>to</strong>r regarded such sets as <strong>of</strong> the same cardinal number. If one considers,<br />

however, bijections correctly, one receives on the one hand the number <strong>of</strong> the set <strong>of</strong> the<br />

convention<strong>all</strong>y natural numbers or on the other hand a fifth <strong>of</strong> it.<br />

Can<strong>to</strong>r's distinction between merely countable and uncountable sets is <strong>to</strong>o undifferentiated.<br />

The correct treatment <strong>of</strong> bijections yields the statement that, concerning the number, there<br />

are infinite many sets between the set <strong>of</strong> convention<strong>all</strong>y natural numbers and the one <strong>of</strong> convention<strong>all</strong>y<br />

real numbers. Thus, the continuum hypothesis gets a new answer. Furthermore,<br />

the asymp<strong>to</strong>tic function <strong>of</strong> the number <strong>of</strong> algebraic numbers is determined.<br />

Since individual n-ness belongs <strong>to</strong> every natural number n that cannot be derived from its<br />

predecessors or successors, there is no complete system <strong>of</strong> axioms in mathematics, because<br />

with each new number something irreducible new emerges. If one confines, however,<br />

<strong>to</strong> selected aspects, a finite system <strong>of</strong> axioms for a finite number <strong>of</strong> entities can be specified.<br />

Each level <strong>of</strong> infinity refuses completeness <strong>all</strong> the more.<br />

Theories are based on presuppositions. In mathematics, they are <strong>of</strong>ten expressed by axioms<br />

that may be true or false, what can possibly be proven by other considerations. Thus, <strong>all</strong><br />

theories are incomplete and, as the case may be, beyond that contradic<strong>to</strong>ry. Instead <strong>of</strong> explicit<br />

axioms, (implicit) definitions are more suitable in that the existence <strong>of</strong> the specified is<br />

tacitly presupposed, until refutation.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 34 <strong>of</strong> 154


Mathematics is not value-free. There can be always stated (rational) reasons why one procedure<br />

is <strong>to</strong> choose over the other one.<br />

The geometry gives definitions and remarks on Euclidean geometry that ch<strong>all</strong>enge several<br />

axioms, using results <strong>of</strong> set theory.<br />

The question <strong>of</strong> a fair distribution <strong>of</strong> persons deals less about the theoretical content than<br />

about practical application. Here a spread-sheet analysis is used.<br />

In the nonstandardanalysis, integration, differentiation, continuity, convergence and limit<br />

value for finite and infinite (convention<strong>all</strong>y not measurable) sets are redefined and examples<br />

given, as well as for discontinuous functions, <strong>to</strong> obtain better, more precise and more elegant<br />

mathematical statements (also for known propositions <strong>of</strong> analysis). Two finiteness criterions<br />

are given, one for series and one for products and the Riemann hypothesis is proved.<br />

With the optimisation is presented how optimisation problems can be solved and which role<br />

the best-path method could play here.<br />

Below representations simplification and exactitude <strong>of</strong> expressions are weighed against each<br />

other and the resulting desirable proceeding, deriving from this, is ethic<strong>all</strong>y outlined.<br />

Below transcendent numbers necessary and sufficient criteria for transcendence are stated.<br />

There are some numbers determined as transcendent from that one previously did not know<br />

this. Transcendent numbers are essenti<strong>all</strong>y the sum <strong>of</strong> an algebraic and a sufficiently sm<strong>all</strong><br />

or sufficiently large number. The transcendence <strong>of</strong> a number can be furthermore characterised<br />

via the product and sum proposition. Algebraic numbers, however, are determined by<br />

the zeros <strong>of</strong> polynomials with convention<strong>all</strong>y integer or convention<strong>all</strong>y rational coefficients.<br />

From this, criteria for transcendence can be directly derived from the coefficients <strong>of</strong> the polynomials.<br />

The greatest-prime criterion is also efficient. Fin<strong>all</strong>y, the approximation <strong>of</strong> algebraic<br />

numbers and their distances is treated.<br />

In the calculation <strong>of</strong> times is shown how one can apply the octal system practic<strong>all</strong>y worldwide<br />

and what the advantages are here. Besides introducing a new calendar and a new calculation<br />

<strong>of</strong> clock time, the octal system is applied also <strong>to</strong> the SI-units metre (m) and second (s)<br />

and some practical examples are given. There are reasons given why the octal system can<br />

completely replace the decimal system.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 35 <strong>of</strong> 154


Geometry<br />

Axiom: Everything possible exists – until someone finds out its impossibility.<br />

Definition: Everything, possible, existence, something, different, whole, not and space are<br />

substantial terms, which cannot be defined without a circle. A part is something that forms,<br />

with something distinct from it, <strong>to</strong> wit somehow different, a whole. A point is, according <strong>to</strong><br />

Euclid, something that has no parts. Two points are identical, if they differ by nothing else<br />

than their designation (otherwise non-identical). Then they coincide (otherwise they do not).<br />

Definition: Two non-identical points are c<strong>all</strong>ed, with two options, starting and end point and,<br />

considered as a whole, elementary line segment or pair (<strong>of</strong> points). A chain <strong>of</strong> elementary<br />

line segments consists <strong>of</strong> an initial elementary line segment and possibly further elementary<br />

line segments, whose starting point each coincides with the end point <strong>of</strong> an elementary line<br />

segment different from them, where the end points are each pairwise non-identical, as well<br />

as starting and end point are uniquely determined.<br />

Definition: A starting point <strong>of</strong> the chain <strong>of</strong> elementary line segments is then c<strong>all</strong>ed, in each<br />

case, connected with its end point. A chain <strong>of</strong> elementary line segments, for that three points<br />

<strong>of</strong> it, chosen freely, satisfy the triangle inequality for every metric (selected in each case) always<br />

with equality, is c<strong>all</strong>ed line segment. Depending on its length, it is c<strong>all</strong>ed (in-) finite. The<br />

maximal line segment, with as many points as the number <strong>of</strong> the real numbers, defined in set<br />

theory, is c<strong>all</strong>ed straight line. More specific<strong>all</strong>y, a line segment is only a chain <strong>of</strong> elementary<br />

line segments that was cut out from a straight line at its starting and end point. One can define<br />

(in-) finite line segments with (in-) finitely many points and obtains this way four different<br />

possibilities <strong>to</strong> define line segments.<br />

Definition: Line segments are c<strong>all</strong>ed congruent, if their starting and end points have in each<br />

case the same Euclidean distance. A point y <strong>of</strong> a line segment is located between two points<br />

x and z different from it and among themselves, if for the Euclidean norm ||x - z|| = ||x - y|| +<br />

||y - z||. If we have addition<strong>all</strong>y ||x - y|| = ||y - z|| = ½ ||x - z||, it builds the middle between x<br />

and z. If the three points are not located on a line segment, so each is located between the<br />

two others, depending on the perspective. If two not end-point-identical line segments have<br />

an identical starting point, and if their end points coincide with the starting resp. end point <strong>of</strong><br />

another line segment, so <strong>all</strong> three edge a triangle and are c<strong>all</strong>ed sides <strong>of</strong> the triangle, whose<br />

three starting resp. end points are c<strong>all</strong>ed vertices <strong>of</strong> the triangle.<br />

Definition: If we duplicate a triangle by letting coincide (combining) the two corresponding<br />

sides so that the original (starting point) end point coincides with the duplicated (end point)<br />

starting point, we obtain a par<strong>all</strong>elogram, if it is yet ensured that the original triangle vertex<br />

that is not on the combined side has maximum distance from the associated duplicated vertex,<br />

with regard <strong>to</strong> the Euclidean norm. Here, two corresponding sides and their partial line<br />

segments are c<strong>all</strong>ed par<strong>all</strong>el.<br />

Definition: A point <strong>of</strong> a line segment is c<strong>all</strong>ed its inner point, if it is not identical with its starting<br />

and end point. Two line segments intersect at a point, if they have only an inner point in<br />

common. The geometry is c<strong>all</strong>ed free <strong>of</strong> point identity, if we permit in their over<strong>all</strong> result <strong>of</strong> the<br />

point-set no identical points, otherwise open for point identity.<br />

Remark: Angles are defined via scalar product, Euclidean norm and cosine function as usual,<br />

hyperplanes, circles, spheres, etc. by the sufficiently known equations. This can also happen<br />

otherwise (for example as by Hilbert). It is gener<strong>all</strong>y useful <strong>to</strong> specify maximum distances <strong>of</strong><br />

the points. In the non-Euclidean geometry, the definitions parti<strong>all</strong>y vary.<br />

Result: For shorter defined straight lines, arbitrarily many counter-examples, with the above,<br />

can easily be given for the par<strong>all</strong>el axiom, Pasch's axiom, the axiom <strong>of</strong> line completeness<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 36 <strong>of</strong> 154


and several other axioms and their equivalents. This was <strong>to</strong> be shown. The par<strong>all</strong>el axiom is<br />

redundant in Euclidean geometry, since a par<strong>all</strong>el straight line through a further point is<br />

uniquely determined by its maximality. Any other straight line through this point has a point<br />

that has another distance as that <strong>to</strong> the original straight line, and can therefore not be par<strong>all</strong>el<br />

<strong>to</strong> it. The Archimedean axiom is <strong>to</strong> extend <strong>to</strong> a trans-natural number <strong>of</strong> ablations <strong>of</strong> a line<br />

segment, which cannot be done beyond the starting and end point <strong>of</strong> a straight line, or <strong>to</strong><br />

replace by the Archimedean proposition (in the finite case). Pasch's axiom is also dispensable<br />

if one considers that a straight line must completely pass the interior <strong>of</strong> a triangle because<br />

<strong>of</strong> its maximality, including its boundary. There must be only enough inner points per<br />

side. Maximality means here that longer straight lines than the real numbers define are not <strong>to</strong><br />

be considered.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 37 <strong>of</strong> 154


Equitable Distributing<br />

In life, there is <strong>of</strong>ten distribution unfairness. Although the following is not new, equitable distributing<br />

is <strong>to</strong> be demonstrated by examples that occur daily at school:<br />

1. How are work-results distributed equitably?<br />

2. How does one channel groups equitably through the cafeteria?<br />

3. How does one form equitably groups in physical instruction?<br />

To 1.: The work results are put down first alphabetic<strong>all</strong>y, arranged according <strong>to</strong> the names <strong>of</strong><br />

the present pupils (in trays, on the table or the like). The names are or will be put down alphabetic<strong>all</strong>y<br />

in a spread-sheet analysis (except the missing pupils). Behind each name a<br />

random number is produced. The names are arranged according <strong>to</strong> the random number. The<br />

pupils are c<strong>all</strong>ed according <strong>to</strong> this order (possibly in groups) so that they can receive their<br />

work results.<br />

To 2.: At the beginning, groups with members are formed that would like <strong>to</strong> dine <strong>to</strong>gether or<br />

are <strong>to</strong> do this. These groups (-names) become arranged as under 1. described. Then for<br />

each group (the available output time) * group size/diners is computed. The second group<br />

goes <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the cafeteria if the time determined for the first group is past. The third group follows<br />

if addition<strong>all</strong>y the time for the second group has elapsed and so on. If necessary, the<br />

points in time have <strong>to</strong> be computed rounded. If singular groups can do only <strong>to</strong> certain time<br />

intervals, they are distributed first on the time intervals. Then the procedure continues with<br />

the remainder time for the remaining.<br />

To 3.: At the beginning, groups <strong>of</strong> same capacity are formed and the individual names are<br />

written in a firm sequence one below the other and after an assigned group number numbered<br />

seri<strong>all</strong>y. If group members are missing, they are first filtered, as e.g. the entry "missing"<br />

is noted behind their name and afterwards is selected after the empty entries.<br />

The group size should be a multiple <strong>of</strong> the number <strong>of</strong> groups that can be formed. The sequence<br />

<strong>of</strong> the names should be firm, for reasons <strong>of</strong> the probability. Changes <strong>of</strong> the capacity<br />

are considered in changed groups. Behind each name, the numbering is divided by the number<br />

<strong>of</strong> groups. If the numbering does not begin with 0, a number must be subtracted before<br />

accordingly. The decimal places <strong>of</strong> the received values are truncated. This can be attained<br />

also by a rounding <strong>of</strong> the values reduced by 1/2. In a further column, now random numbers<br />

are registered.<br />

Whereupon the three columns are only arranged according <strong>to</strong> the values determined first,<br />

then addition<strong>all</strong>y according <strong>to</strong> the random numbers. In a fourth column, beginning from<br />

above, the numbers from 1 <strong>to</strong> number <strong>of</strong> groups are registered. After the last value, it is<br />

again continued with 1 up <strong>to</strong> the number <strong>of</strong> groups and so on. Now the numbers are sorted<br />

again according <strong>to</strong> names. Fin<strong>all</strong>y the group assignments can be announced in alphabetical<br />

order.<br />

If the number <strong>of</strong> pupils who can be divided is not a multiple <strong>of</strong> the number <strong>of</strong> groups, proxies<br />

from the same group should be formed <strong>to</strong> each name. The names that have the sm<strong>all</strong>est<br />

time absent by sitting out are intended for sitting outs. They deputise for their deputies (e.g.,<br />

if there are several runs in an instruction unit). The time absent is credited accordingly.<br />

A simple procedure with a dice (instead <strong>of</strong> a computer) functions as follows: The pupils are<br />

set up ordered according <strong>to</strong> their (self-determined or over-directed) capacity on a line. The<br />

one with the highest capacity is assigned <strong>to</strong> one <strong>of</strong> the groups by throwing the dice. The next<br />

one is determined under the remaining groups by the dice and so on. If each group has a<br />

member, it is continued as with the one with the highest capacity now with the one with the<br />

henceforth highest capacity.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 38 <strong>of</strong> 154


Without considerable aids, groups can be formed also as follows: All pupils are requested <strong>to</strong><br />

move respectively in a circle after their capacity coincident<strong>all</strong>y. Couple formation is prevented<br />

with the request "A and B apart <strong>to</strong> the circle line!". After the command "s<strong>to</strong>p!" everyone remains<br />

at his place. One <strong>of</strong> the pupils is now requested <strong>to</strong> leave its place and move on an<br />

approximate circle line around the remaining or around in each case a group.<br />

After a further command "s<strong>to</strong>p!" the pupils are divided by imaginary straight lines <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> groups.<br />

First, the intersection is build the straight line forms through the break point <strong>of</strong> the one who<br />

stands on the circle line and the respective centre <strong>of</strong> the circle with the group circle line. The<br />

groups are defined by par<strong>all</strong>el straight lines that go par<strong>all</strong>el <strong>to</strong> the straight line through the<br />

respective intersection and the respective centre <strong>of</strong> the circle.<br />

These procedures are more equitable than the judging selection by individual pupils. Three<br />

capacities are sufficient according <strong>to</strong> experience.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 39 <strong>of</strong> 154


Set theory<br />

Preliminary remark: Sufficiently known axioms define the convention<strong>all</strong>y real numbers ℝ (as<br />

<strong>to</strong>t<strong>all</strong>y ordered field) and convention<strong>all</strong>y complex numbers ℂ (with additional imaginary unit i),<br />

<strong>all</strong> numbers ≠ 0 with absolute value ≤ � resp. ≥ 1/� and � := ⌊1 + max ℝ⌋ - ⌊max ℝ⌋/� ⌊max ℝ⌋<br />

(<strong>see</strong> transcendent numbers and below), which can be continued in <strong>all</strong> infinity with the same<br />

opera<strong>to</strong>rs and is realised this way in the following. Hereby, the completeness axiom can be<br />

relinquished (<strong>see</strong> below). The convention<strong>all</strong>y natural numbers ℕ* are defined therein as <strong>all</strong><br />

emerging sums by adding 1 <strong>to</strong> 0 (with 0 as ℕ), convention<strong>all</strong>y integer numbers ℤ by adding<br />

the additive inverses <strong>of</strong> ℕ, the convention<strong>all</strong>y rational numbers ℚ by fractions with convention<strong>all</strong>y<br />

integer numera<strong>to</strong>r and convention<strong>all</strong>y natural denomina<strong>to</strong>r ≠ 0.<br />

Definition: A complex number whose absolute value is greater than � is c<strong>all</strong>ed infinite. A<br />

complex number different from zero whose absolute value <strong>of</strong> its reciprocal is infinite is c<strong>all</strong>ed<br />

infinitesimal. Convention<strong>all</strong>y real numbers that are not convention<strong>all</strong>y rational are c<strong>all</strong>ed irrational.<br />

Definition: The sum p(x) = amx m + am-1x m-1 + ... + a1x + a0 is c<strong>all</strong>ed polynomial. Here m ∈ ℕ* is<br />

the degree <strong>of</strong> the polynomial if am ≠ 0, and the ak ∈ ℤ with k ∈ ℕ≤m are c<strong>all</strong>ed coefficients (<strong>of</strong><br />

the polynomial). The conventional complex numbers x that let the sum become zero (soc<strong>all</strong>ed<br />

zeros <strong>of</strong> the polynomial) are c<strong>all</strong>ed algebraic. The corresponding sets are Aℝ in the<br />

real case and Aℂ in the complex one. In the special case am = 1 one speaks <strong>of</strong> algebraic integers.<br />

Convention<strong>all</strong>y complex numbers x that let no polynomial become zero are c<strong>all</strong>ed transcendent.<br />

Definition: Algebraic numbers that are denoted by finitely many concrete figures are c<strong>all</strong>ed<br />

concretely given, the ones that can be denoted this way concretely specifiable. Both <strong>to</strong>gether<br />

form the subset <strong>of</strong> concrete numbers, which is symbolised as well as for the subsets <strong>of</strong> algebraic<br />

numbers with the prefix c . Infinitesimal numbers and those in that the absolute value is<br />

maxim<strong>all</strong>y a concretely specifiable number are c<strong>all</strong>ed finite. The remaining algebraic numbers<br />

are c<strong>all</strong>ed inconcrete, and the prefix symbol is u . They form an interstage between the<br />

(in any case finite) concrete and the infinite numbers.<br />

Definition: Algebraic numbers can be denoted by (am, am-1, ..., a1, a0; g, h; #l, Mv; w, p)s,<br />

whereby the number 0 is represented with g = h = a0 = 0, with g ∈ ℕ* (ℤ 0 (< 0), with g = 0, h ∈ ℕ* (ℤ 0 (<<br />

0), and the remaining algebraic numbers are so correspondingly. #l specifies the number l ∈<br />

ℕ* <strong>of</strong> zeros if at least for one ak, a variable is used, Mv the number v ∈ ℕ <strong>of</strong> multiple zeros.<br />

With a minimal polynomial (with a0 = 0 only for the polynomial x = 0) for the specification s<br />

the letter m is denoted, otherwise the letter n. The numeric value is represented by w with<br />

precision p.<br />

Remark: In this way the zeros <strong>of</strong> a polynomial with integer or rational coefficients can be<br />

strictly <strong>to</strong>t<strong>all</strong>y ordered, if multiple zeros are not distinguished. The particulars g, h, # l, Mv, s,<br />

w and p can be omitted as the case may be (e.g. for rational numbers). The (|ℕ|+2)-tuple (0,<br />

..., 0, am, ..., a0, g, h)m with natural ak form a lexical strict well-ordering for the algebraic numbers.<br />

Remark: The sets continued <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> infinity are preceded by ~ , numbers residing in infinity by<br />

trans- and their corresponding sets by T . The conventional notation is used for the conventional<br />

and trans-conventional numbers. If the conventional numbers are meant, this is indicated<br />

by the preceding word conventional. The number <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> elements <strong>of</strong> a set M is denoted<br />

with |M|. If the carrier <strong>of</strong> an interval is unclear, it follows the interval.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 40 <strong>of</strong> 154


Examples: The concretely specifiable numbers (1, 0, 0, 0, -1)n are given as 1, -1, i, -i. The<br />

concretely given golden number (1 + √5)/2 is denoted as (1, -1, -1; 1, 0; 1.618033, 10 -6 )m.<br />

The number 0.⥘ = 0.11...11 with |ℕ*| ones after the comma is inconcrete and different from<br />

the concretely given number1/9, since 9 × 0.⥘ = 0.99...99 = 1 - 10 -| ℕ *| ≠ 1. Hence it is transcendent<br />

(cf. transcendent numbers) and would have <strong>to</strong> be denoted for instance as (9 ×<br />

10 | ℕ *| , 1 - 10 | ℕ *| ).<br />

Definition: A number a + bi with a, b ∈ ℚ is c<strong>all</strong>ed convention<strong>all</strong>y complex-rational. A number<br />

±b1/b2 ± ib3/b4 is c<strong>all</strong>ed trans-complex-rational if for k ∈ {1, 2, 3, 4} with b2b4 ≠ 0 for at least<br />

one bk |bk| ∈ ~ ℕ≥|ℕ| applies - with convention<strong>all</strong>y integer bk else. The complex numbers that<br />

satisfy polynomial equations p(x) = 0 <strong>of</strong> degree or with integer coefficients <strong>of</strong> absolute value ≥<br />

|ℕ| form with the algebraic ones the field <strong>of</strong> hyper-algebraic numbers with infinitely many subfields.<br />

The pro<strong>of</strong>s and results are obtained as for the algebraic numbers. Analogously there<br />

are also hyper-transcendent numbers.<br />

Remark: The assertion that |ℝ| should equal 2 | ℕ | states that <strong>all</strong> convention<strong>all</strong>y real numbers<br />

can be developed <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> dual numbers. Against this speaks, on the one hand, that many convention<strong>all</strong>y<br />

rational numbers can be represented only approximately as dual numbers and<br />

much more that convention<strong>all</strong>y real numbers may be also sums with sm<strong>all</strong>er exponents <strong>of</strong> 2<br />

than the 2 -n set minimal. For example, the number ⅓ is only approximately included as<br />

0.01010101... and must be distinguished from it.<br />

Proposition: For no set, there is a bijection <strong>to</strong> its proper subset.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: We prove this by (convention<strong>all</strong>y natural and trans-natural) induction, starting with the<br />

single<strong>to</strong>n and progressing over multi-element sets by successively adding an element. The<br />

same result is obtained if one removes an element from a set and wants <strong>to</strong> find a bijection for<br />

the resulting set: There is none, because the missing element cannot be replaced. The natural<br />

induction again proves the claim.<br />

Conclusion: Thus especi<strong>all</strong>y Dedekind-infinity and Can<strong>to</strong>r's diagonal argument are discounted,<br />

since ℕ is a proper subset <strong>of</strong> ℚ. A translation <strong>of</strong> an infinite set always leads out <strong>of</strong><br />

this set. Thus Hilbert's hotel is destroyed. Concerning the continuum hypothesis is <strong>to</strong> say that<br />

there is an infinite number <strong>of</strong> sets whose number <strong>of</strong> elements lies between that <strong>of</strong> ℕ and that<br />

<strong>of</strong> ℝ.<br />

Completion lemma: The set <strong>of</strong> convention<strong>all</strong>y natural numbers is not closed concerning addition.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: If one forms by bijection <strong>to</strong> ℕ the set 2ℕ, so this contains elements that cannot be contained<br />

in ℕ, since the odd numbers are missing in 2ℕ. On the other hand, for <strong>all</strong> k ∈ ℕ also k<br />

+ k must be included in ℕ. This contradiction implies the assertion.<br />

Conclusion: The convention<strong>all</strong>y rational, algebraic, real and complex numbers as well as<br />

their supersets are also not closed concerning addition, because they are based on the addition<br />

<strong>of</strong> convention<strong>all</strong>y natural numbers, resp. then the addition for some elements cannot be<br />

anymore be appropriately defined, because it cannot go beyond | ~ ℕ|. The lack <strong>of</strong> completion<br />

is also transferable <strong>to</strong> multiplication and inversion, since they build on the addition. Sum, difference,<br />

product and quotient <strong>of</strong> two concretely given numbers are always concretely specifiable.<br />

All this results especi<strong>all</strong>y from the following<br />

Minimax proposition: In every non-empty parti<strong>all</strong>y ordered set, each chain contains exactly<br />

one minimal and one maximal element, and thus the set itself at least one each.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: For finite sets, the claim is clear. Infinite chains and such with inconcretely natur<strong>all</strong>y<br />

many elements are isomorphic <strong>to</strong> sets consisting only <strong>of</strong> consecutive ordinal numbers - start-<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 41 <strong>of</strong> 154


ing with 0. Consider now the set [0, 2 | ℕ | ] ~ ℕ. This is isomorphic <strong>to</strong> the homogeneous set ([0,<br />

2 | ℕ | ] ~ ℕ)/2 | ℕ | , which that consists <strong>of</strong> the numbers {0, 1, ½, ¼, ¾, ⅛, ⅜, ⅝, ⅞, ...}, emerged by<br />

successively bisecting the distances <strong>of</strong> the elements, by dint <strong>of</strong> the mapping k ↦ k / 2 | ℕ | for k<br />

∈ [0, 2 | ℕ | ] ~ ℕ. It has exactly the minimal element 0 and the maximal element 1. By thinning, the<br />

assertion holds also for the set ℕ by dint <strong>of</strong> the mapping 2 k ↦ k, with what the notation |ℕ|,<br />

with the maximum element |ℕ*|, is justified. The assertion now follows by natural induction<br />

for <strong>all</strong> sm<strong>all</strong>er ordinal number sets by removing elements from ([0, 2 | ℕ | ] ~ ℕ)/2 | ℕ | with 1/2 | ℕ | -<br />

steps, and for <strong>all</strong> bigger ordinal number sets by successively still increasing the exponent |ℕ|.<br />

Indefiniteness lemma: About the minimal and maximal elements <strong>of</strong> an inconcrete or infinite<br />

set, only a more precise statement can be made if there are decision criteria present. This<br />

particularly applies <strong>to</strong> the element with the sm<strong>all</strong>est or the greatest absolute value <strong>of</strong> the real<br />

and complex numbers.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: Clear.<br />

Definition: The greatest concrete or finite element max c Aℝ is denoted as �, the sm<strong>all</strong>est inconcrete<br />

one greater than � as �+ and the sm<strong>all</strong>est infinite one greater than � as �+ as well<br />

as the absolutely greatest one max ~ ℝ as �∞.<br />

Example: It is undecidable whether |ℕ| is even or not, since who examines the middle <strong>of</strong> ℕ<br />

as homogeneous isomorphic interval [0, 1]ℕ/|ℕ| = ℕ/|ℕ| can only find something (extensive)<br />

and not nothing, which would be, contradic<strong>to</strong>rily, divisible, what makes the argument circular.<br />

Therefore we cannot say, whether being or non-being is attributed <strong>to</strong> the middle, whether it is<br />

element or not. For | c ℕ|, we would need also more precise information.<br />

Remark: ℕ is uniquely determined, but not in every respect. From ℕ = {0} ∪ {n + 1 finite : n ∈<br />

ℕ} and 1 + max ℕ ∉ ℕ, no contradiction can be construed, since from the assumption ∃ n ∈ ℕ<br />

(n + 1 ∉ ℕ) only follows, without contradiction, n = max ℕ. In <strong>all</strong> subsets <strong>of</strong> ~ ℂ, the opera<strong>to</strong>rs<br />

permitted in <strong>all</strong> subsets <strong>of</strong> ℂ can be used in the same way (transfer principle), which is <strong>to</strong> be<br />

shown in individual cases, but remains undone here because <strong>of</strong> their number.<br />

Remark: The symbol ∞ can be adjoined <strong>to</strong> the complex and real numbers, with which can be<br />

calculated as with a variable and whose value is <strong>to</strong> be greater than �∞. Since division by 0 is<br />

not defined, due <strong>to</strong> the lack <strong>of</strong> uniqueness in calculations, one can manage this with replacing,<br />

wherever it is opportune, for example, ±0 by ±1/∞, depending on which direction one is<br />

interested in, and calculating with ∞ as described above. Then calculating is again unique<br />

and consistent. Considering vague limits can be avoided, but every replacement should be<br />

carefully considered where it makes sense, and it should not be arbitrarily switched between<br />

the symbols. In this way, integral and differential for each operation on the complex and real<br />

numbers can be defined such that each function is everywhere integrable and differentiable -<br />

at least as a directional derivative (<strong>see</strong> nonstandardanalysis).<br />

Definition: Let the circular constant � be defined as area or the half circumference <strong>of</strong> the unit<br />

circle. Let Euler's number e be defined as solution <strong>of</strong> the equation x i� = -1. Then, let a logarithm<br />

function ln be defined by e ln z = z and the corresponding power function by z s s ln z<br />

= e<br />

with complex s and z. In this way, the exponentiation can be defined (symbolic<strong>all</strong>y). Computation<strong>all</strong>y,<br />

one will usu<strong>all</strong>y have <strong>to</strong> be content with approximations.<br />

Lemma: The Archimedean property does not apply for infinitely many real numbers.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: Let a ∈ ℝ>1 and b = 1/|ℕ*|. Then applies b n ≤ 1 < a for <strong>all</strong> n ∈ ℕ.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 42 <strong>of</strong> 154


Archimedean proposition: There is a n ∈ (c) ℕ with b n > a, iff for a > b with a, b ∈ ℝ>0 a/b <<br />

| (c) ℕ*| applies.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: If a/b ≥ | (c) ℕ*| applies, then also a/b ≥ n is valid for <strong>all</strong> n ∈ (c) ℕ.<br />

In the following, the behaviour for inconcrete n ∈ ℕ is considered.<br />

Remark: Let be m ∈ ℕ the maximum <strong>all</strong>owable degree <strong>of</strong> the polynomial and n the maximum<br />

absolute value that the convention<strong>all</strong>y integer coefficients ak <strong>of</strong> the polynomials amx m + am-1x m-<br />

1 + ... + a1x + a0 with k ∈ ℕ≤m are <strong>to</strong> take. This is justified since the ak are not distinguished<br />

against each other. The number <strong>of</strong> convention<strong>all</strong>y algebraic numbers corresponds <strong>to</strong> the<br />

number <strong>of</strong> zeros <strong>of</strong> the so defined normalised irreducible polynomials: The greatest common<br />

divisor gcd <strong>of</strong> their coefficients is 1 and it applies am > 0 and a0 ≠ 0.<br />

Theorem: For the number Am <strong>of</strong> convention<strong>all</strong>y algebraic numbers (<strong>of</strong> the polynomial degree<br />

m, and thus in general) applies the asymp<strong>to</strong>tical equation<br />

m<br />

� �� � �<br />

��m�1� m<br />

m<br />

� � �� � �<br />

z m 2n 1 n<br />

A � � O z m 2n � 1 ln n ,<br />

where � is the Riemann zeta function and z(m) the (average) number <strong>of</strong> zeros <strong>of</strong> a polynomial.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: To determine the number <strong>of</strong> the reducible polynomials, multiply a left polynomial fac<strong>to</strong>r,<br />

with coefficients whose absolute value is maxim<strong>all</strong>y one, successively by two and check<br />

how great the coefficients <strong>of</strong> a right polynomial may maxim<strong>all</strong>y become when building the<br />

product. For this O(ln n) steps are necessary and the multiplications by two are neutralised in<br />

each step by the divisions by two. The fac<strong>to</strong>r 1/�(m+1) provides for the elimination <strong>of</strong> polynomials<br />

with gcd(a0, a1, ..., am) ≠ 1. To eliminate multiples <strong>of</strong> the prime p, the multiplication <strong>of</strong><br />

the number <strong>of</strong> polynomials with (1-p -m-1 ) is required. Building the product over <strong>all</strong> the primes<br />

and developing the fac<strong>to</strong>rs <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> geometric series yields, after multiplying, the fac<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong><br />

1/�(m+1). If exactly one coefficient is 0, �(m+1) would be <strong>to</strong> be replaced by �(m). This replacement<br />

is, however, equ<strong>all</strong>y covered by the correction term as the polynomials that have<br />

more than one coefficient equal <strong>to</strong> 0. In the case m = 1, the correction term O(n ln n) is necessary<br />

if one calculates the number <strong>of</strong> the convention<strong>all</strong>y rational numbers via Euler's <strong>to</strong>tient<br />

function as<br />

n<br />

�<br />

4 �(k) �1.<br />

For m > 1, the correction term O(z(m)(2n+1) m ln n) cannot be ex-<br />

k�1 ceeded because <strong>of</strong> the divisibility circumstances, so that it is justified and the claim follows.<br />

Remark: In the complex case, according <strong>to</strong> the fundamental theorem <strong>of</strong> algebra applies z(m)<br />

= m. In the real case, z(m) is asymp<strong>to</strong>tic<strong>all</strong>y equal <strong>to</strong> 2/� ln m + O(1) after (Mark Kac, "On the<br />

average number <strong>of</strong> real roots <strong>of</strong> a random algebraic equation. II.", Proc. London Math. Soc.<br />

50 (1949), 390-408. MR 11:40e).<br />

Examples: For m = 1 one obtains 12n 2 /� 2 + O(n ln n) convention<strong>all</strong>y rational solutions. For m<br />

= 2 one obtains 4n 3 /�(3) + O(n 2 ln n) convention<strong>all</strong>y real solutions, since a convention<strong>all</strong>y real<br />

polynomial <strong>of</strong> degree 2 has two convention<strong>all</strong>y real zeros with probability ½. For am = 1 one<br />

obtains z(m)(2n+1) m + O(z(m)(2n+1) m-1 ln n) convention<strong>all</strong>y algebraic integer solutions. That<br />

what was said above about z(m) here also applies.<br />

Examples: For m = n = |ℕ|, we obtain in the real case<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 43 <strong>of</strong> 154


and in the complex case<br />

* 2 � �<br />

ln<br />

A � �O<br />

ln<br />

�<br />

* 2<br />

� �<br />

A � �O ln .<br />

Examples: The set <strong>of</strong> convention<strong>all</strong>y algebraic numbers contains no numbers whose absolute<br />

value is less than 1/(|ℤ| | ℕ* | |ℕ| 2 ) or greater than |ℤ| | ℕ* | |ℕ| 2 . The number <strong>of</strong> the set <strong>of</strong> complex<br />

(real) numbers includes as many elements as one <strong>all</strong>ows. These can be created, among<br />

other techniques, by continued exponentiation.<br />

Remark: The determination <strong>of</strong> the number <strong>of</strong> elements <strong>of</strong> any constructed (in-) finite set must<br />

consider exactly its construction before it can be related <strong>to</strong> the number <strong>of</strong> convention<strong>all</strong>y<br />

natural numbers. This should be, due <strong>to</strong> its simple construction, used as basis. Without<br />

knowing the construction <strong>of</strong> a set, their number cannot be (uniquely) determined. If there are<br />

several construction options, the most plausible should be used, i.e. it should represent (in-)<br />

finiteness in the best possible way, in the sense <strong>of</strong> differentiation. Since this requires a value<br />

judgement, it has not <strong>to</strong> be uniquely determined. If one does not agree on a single construction<br />

option, despite rational reasoning, so the calculated number <strong>of</strong> elements <strong>of</strong> the set is <strong>to</strong><br />

state with its construction.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 44 <strong>of</strong> 154


Nonstandardanalysis<br />

Preliminary remark: In the following, the notations from the set theory are applied and let be<br />

always m, n ∈ ℕ*. The integration and differentiation on arbitrary always non-empty subsets<br />

A <strong>of</strong> the sets ℂ n or ℝ n with arbitrary n are studied (especi<strong>all</strong>y for convention<strong>all</strong>y nonmeasurable,<br />

inconcrete and infinite sets, as well as discontinuous functions). A generalisation<br />

<strong>to</strong> other sets is easily possible.<br />

Definition: For z0 ∈ ℂ n and the Euclidean norm ||z0|| z ∈ ℂ n with the set <strong>of</strong> neighbourhood relations<br />

B ⊆ ℂ n ×ℂ n is c<strong>all</strong>ed neighbour ñB(z0) <strong>of</strong> z0 ≠ z with (z0, z) ∈ B if there is no w ∈ ℂ n with z<br />

≠ w ≠ z0 and (z0, w) ∈ B, as well as (w, z) ∈ B with<br />

||z0 - w|| + ||w - z|| = ||z0 - z||.<br />

The set ÑB(z0) <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> neighbours <strong>of</strong> z0 with respect <strong>to</strong> B is c<strong>all</strong>ed neighbourhood <strong>of</strong> z0 with<br />

respect <strong>to</strong> B. The irreflexive, but not necessarily symmetric neighbourhood relations in B are<br />

noted always as (predecessor, successor) in the form (z0, �z0) or (�z0, z0), whereby � and<br />

� are pronounced "suc" and "pre". Let be z0 ∈ A and f: A → ℂ m . In the following, the pro<strong>of</strong>s<br />

with predecessors are usu<strong>all</strong>y omitted, since they run similarly <strong>to</strong> those with successors.<br />

Then f is c<strong>all</strong>ed �B-successor-continuous in z0 if for infinitesimal � ∈ ℝ>0 applies:<br />

||f(�B z0) - f(z0)|| < �.<br />

If f is for <strong>all</strong> �B z0 ∈ ÑB(z0) �B-successor-continuous, then one speaks simply <strong>of</strong> �B-<br />

continuity. If the inequality applies only for � = 1/�, one speaks simply <strong>of</strong> (B-successor-) continuity.<br />

If one writes x0 for each z0, x for each z, and ℝ for each ℂ, we obtain the convention<strong>all</strong>y<br />

real case. The �B-predecessor-continuity results analogously.<br />

Remark: In practice, we will determine � by estimating (after consideration <strong>of</strong> any jump discontinuities<br />

<strong>of</strong> f). If B is obvious or unimportant, it can be omitted. This is in the following always<br />

the case if B = B1×...×Bn with Bk ∈ {ℂ, ℝ} for k ∈ [1, n]ℕ applies.<br />

Definition: Let f be a (uniquely) defined function f: A → ℂ m . Then<br />

d �B zBf(z) := f(�B z) - f(z)<br />

is c<strong>all</strong>ed B-differential <strong>to</strong>wards �B z <strong>of</strong> f in z ∈ A. If f is the identity, that is f(z) = z, we write<br />

d �B zBz instead <strong>of</strong> d �B zf(z). If A or �B z are obvious or unimportant, they can be omitted.<br />

The convention<strong>all</strong>y real case results analogously as above.<br />

Definition: The function �B: A → ~ ℝ≥0 with dBxk, dByk ∈ ℝ>0 for <strong>all</strong> k ∈ [1, n]ℕ and <strong>all</strong> z = x + iy<br />

∈ A ⊆ ℂ n with x, y ∈ ℝ n as well as<br />

� �� �<br />

B(A) dBx dBy<br />

z�A1�k�n k k<br />

with �B(∅) = |∅| = 0 is c<strong>all</strong>ed exact B-measure <strong>of</strong> A and A B-measurable, provided there is for<br />

no w ∈ A with xk ≤ Re wk ≤ xk + dBxk and yk ≤ Im wk ≤ yk + dByk for <strong>all</strong> k ∈ [1, n]ℕ for a z ∈ A a<br />

j ∈ [1, n]ℕ, so that xj < Re wj < xj + dBxj or yj < Im wj < yj + dByj is fulfilled. For A ⊆ ℝ n , the<br />

formula can be analogously simplified <strong>to</strong><br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 45 <strong>of</strong> 154


� �� �<br />

B(A) dBx .<br />

x�A1�k�n Remark: Obviously, �B(A) is additive and uniquely determined, i. e., if A is a union <strong>of</strong> pairwise<br />

disjoint sets Ak with k ∈ ~ ℕ, so we have<br />

�<br />

~<br />

k�<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 46 <strong>of</strong> 154<br />

k<br />

� �<br />

�B(A) � �B<br />

A .<br />

It is moreover strictly mono<strong>to</strong>ne, i.e. for sets A, D ⊆ ℂ n (ℝ n ) with A ⊂ D applies<br />

�B(A) < �B(D). Thus, it measures more accurately than other measures and is optimal, since<br />

it turns out neither sm<strong>all</strong>er nor greater than the individual distances <strong>of</strong> the points par<strong>all</strong>el <strong>to</strong><br />

the coordinate axes amount, because it merely considers the neighbourhood <strong>of</strong> a point. Concepts<br />

such as �-algebra or null sets are not needed here, since the empty set is the only null<br />

set here.<br />

Definition: With the notations above, the B-derivative <strong>to</strong>wards �B z <strong>of</strong> the function f, then<br />

<strong>to</strong>wards �B z exactly B-differentiable, in A at the position � ∈ A ⊆ ℂ is defined as<br />

dBf( �) f( B �) � f( �)<br />

f� B�B(<br />

�) : � �<br />

,<br />

dB� B�<br />

� �<br />

provided the difference quotient in the middle is defined.<br />

If A or �B z are obvious or unimportant, they can be omitted. The convention<strong>all</strong>y real case<br />

results analogously as above, and one speaks for �B w > w ∈ ℝ <strong>of</strong> the right-sided exact<br />

B-derivative fr′B(w), and for �Bw < w one does <strong>of</strong> the left-sided exact derivative fl′B(w).<br />

If the derivatives match <strong>to</strong>wards <strong>all</strong> neighbours, one speaks correspondingly <strong>of</strong> the exact derivative<br />

f′B(�) (f is then in ℂ convention<strong>all</strong>y regarded as holomorphic).<br />

Remark: Differentiability thus can be easily established. One can define the exact derivative<br />

in the convention<strong>all</strong>y real case alternatively also everywhere there as<br />

f( B w) � f( B w)<br />

f� bB(w):<br />

�<br />

B w� B w<br />

where the quotient is defined. This has the advantage that fb′B(w) can be regarded more as<br />

"tangent slope" in the point w, which can become rather zero for a local extremum, especi<strong>all</strong>y<br />

if f is �B-continuous in w. This is convenient, for example, if one wants <strong>to</strong> characterise the<br />

exact values <strong>of</strong> �B w and �B w only as arbitrarily close <strong>to</strong> w, or wants <strong>to</strong> round the exact<br />

derivatives suitably, in order <strong>to</strong> provide simple derivation rules, if necessary. The transfer <strong>to</strong><br />

the convention<strong>all</strong>y complex is done analogously.<br />

Definition: With z ∈ A ⊆ ℂ and f: A → ℂ as well as where dBz resp. �B z is defined,<br />

�<br />

z�A �<br />

f(z)dBz : � f(z)( B z �z)<br />

z�A is c<strong>all</strong>ed the exact B-integral in A over f(z) and f(z) is c<strong>all</strong>ed B-integrable. For �: [a, b[A → ℂ,<br />

A ⊆ ~ ℝ and f: ℂ → ℂ,<br />

k


� �<br />

f( �)dB � : � f( �(t)) � �D(t)dDt<br />

� t �[a,b[A<br />

with dDt > 0, �D t ∈ ]a, b]A and �B �(t) = �(�Dt) (so especi<strong>all</strong>y for A = ℝ, B maximal in ℂ 2<br />

and D maximal in ℝ 2 ) is c<strong>all</strong>ed the exact path integral <strong>of</strong> f along the path �. The convention<strong>all</strong>y<br />

real case results analogously as above. We write specific<strong>all</strong>y for<br />

�: [a, b[ℝ → ℝ and x ∈ D = ℝ:<br />

b<br />

f(x)dx � f(x)dx.<br />

� �<br />

�<br />

Remark: Obviously, the exact integration is a special case <strong>of</strong> summation. The exact integral<br />

coincides on the conventional ℂ or ℝ widely with conventional integrals; f must yet not be<br />

continuous and also else the conditions are significantly weaker, in order that the integral<br />

exists. For A = ℂ or ℝ, A can be omitted. Obviously, the exact integral is linear and, in the<br />

convention<strong>all</strong>y real case, mono<strong>to</strong>ne. The art <strong>of</strong> integrating consists in correctly summarising<br />

the addends.<br />

Definition: The exact B-integral in A ⊆ B1×...×Bn over a function f: A → C1×...×Cm, then<br />

B-integrable, with Bk, Cj ∈ {ℂ, ℝ} and k ∈ [1, n]ℕ, j ∈ [1, m]ℕ, z ∈ A is defined by<br />

� 1 1 n m 1 n<br />

� �<br />

z�A �zn�Bnz1�B1zn�Bnz1�B1�z�A © 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 47 <strong>of</strong> 154<br />

a<br />

� �<br />

f(z)dBz : � ... f (z)dBz ...dBz ,..., ... f (z)dBz ...dBz � .<br />

� � � � �<br />

Remark: Obviously, we have<br />

�<br />

x�A dBx ��B(A),<br />

if dBxk > 0 is fulfilled for <strong>all</strong> x ∈ A ⊆ ℝ n and <strong>all</strong> k ∈ [1, n]ℕ as well as the conditions mentioned<br />

for the exact B-measure.<br />

Remark: Analogously, the exact integral can be alternatively defined. But the original definitions<br />

are <strong>to</strong> handle the easiest way. If applicable, there is an appropriate Landau notation. If<br />

the result <strong>of</strong> differentiation lies outside <strong>of</strong> the domain, it should be replaced by the number<br />

lying closest <strong>to</strong> it, within the domain. If the number is not uniquely determined, the result is <strong>to</strong><br />

consist <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> these numbers, or one may choose one (e.g. after a uniform rule).<br />

Definition: If<br />

dB(F(z))<br />

F�B z : � � f z<br />

dBz<br />

� � � �<br />

applies for <strong>all</strong> z ⊆ A ⊆ ℂ and <strong>all</strong> dBz ∈ ℂ with f: A → ℂ, so F(z) is c<strong>all</strong>ed B-antiderivative <strong>of</strong> f in<br />

A. In the convention<strong>all</strong>y real, left-sided and right-sided B-antiderivatives Fl(x) and Fr(x) with<br />

x ∈ ℝ can be distinguished, depending on whether we face the left-sided or right-sided<br />

B-derivative.<br />

Remark: Obviously, the B-antiderivatives <strong>of</strong> a function differ from each other only by a convention<strong>all</strong>y<br />

complex or real addend. B-antiderivatives <strong>of</strong> discontinuous functions can usu<strong>all</strong>y<br />

only be obtained by adding them up and skilfully combining them, such <strong>of</strong> piecewise �Bcontinuous<br />

functions easier (for example, by reversing the rules <strong>of</strong> derivation).<br />

r<br />

T


Definition: A set A ⊆ B1×...×Bn with Bp ∈ {ℂ, ℝ} for <strong>all</strong> p ∈ [1, n]ℕ and h ∈ ~ ℝ>0 is c<strong>all</strong>ed<br />

h-homogeneous, if �B zj = xj + h + iyj + ih applies for <strong>all</strong> zj ∈ Bj = ℂ and �B xk = xk + h for <strong>all</strong><br />

xk ∈ Bk = ℝ with j, k ∈ [1, n]ℕ.<br />

Example: Let be [a, b[h[1, n] ~ ℤ a non-empty h-homogeneous subset <strong>of</strong> [a, b[ℝ with B = ]a,<br />

b]h[1, n] ~ ℤ. For infinitesimal h and � = -a = b - h, [a, b[h[1, n] ~ ℤ is comparable with the conventional<br />

ℝ. Let be Tr furthermore a right-sided B-antiderivative <strong>of</strong> a taylor series t, not necessarily<br />

convergent in [a, b[h[1, n] ~ ℤ, and f(x) := t(x) + �(-1) x/h with convention<strong>all</strong>y real x and �<br />

≥ 1/�. For infinitesimal h, f is nowhere continuous, and can therewith nowhere be convention<strong>all</strong>y<br />

differentiated and integrated in [a, b[h[1, n] ~ ℤ, but it applies exactly for <strong>all</strong> h:<br />

and<br />

�<br />

~<br />

x �[a,b[h<br />

2 ( 1)<br />

f �<br />

��<br />

rB(x) �t� rB(x)<br />

�<br />

dBx<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 48 <strong>of</strong> 154<br />

x<br />

h<br />

a b<br />

h h<br />

� �<br />

�<br />

f(x)dBx � T r(b) � T r(a)<br />

� ( �1) � ( �1)<br />

.<br />

2<br />

Remark: ℝ is, however, not h-homogenous, as long from x ∈ ℝ always is <strong>to</strong> follow 1/x ∈ ℝ: If<br />

it is assumed h-homogenous for x in the interval ]0, 1[, so applies 1/x - 1/(x + h) = h/(x (x +<br />

h)) > h. Something similar is true, if ℝ is assumed h-homogenous for values > 1 and their<br />

reciprocals are considered. It is thus precisely <strong>to</strong> specify, with which definition and construction<br />

<strong>of</strong> ℝ it is dealt, e.g. with a h-homogenised ℝh. Analogously, there is also the<br />

h-homogenous set ℚh <strong>of</strong> rational numbers with max ℚh = -min ℚh = |ℕ| and h = min |w| =<br />

1/max kgV(1, 2, ..., m), with |ℚh| = kgV(1, 2, ..., m) (|ℤ| - 1) + 1 ≤ |ℚ| for w ∈ ℚ. Obviously,<br />

calculating in the conventional ℝ corresponds <strong>to</strong> calculating in ℚh. If the set Aℝ <strong>of</strong> the real<br />

algebraic numbers is h-homogenised, it is just at least as dense as the conventional ℝ, as<br />

one can easily realise with the h-homogenisation <strong>of</strong> the set ℕ ∪ {√2}.<br />

Remark: Much more important, interesting and relevant, for computers, are the hhomogeneous<br />

sets Bk with natural k that emerge by continued halving <strong>of</strong> the unit distance. If<br />

one agrees on an accuracy <strong>of</strong> representation 2 -k , so it can be calculated with this maximal<br />

accuracy <strong>of</strong> calculating. The h-homogenised ℝh should also be isomorphic <strong>to</strong> such an infinite<br />

set, where h = 2 -k is <strong>to</strong> be assumed minimal possible for x ∈ Bk and now trans-natural k. For<br />

every additional number x, concerning a h-homogenous underlying set, the newly emerged<br />

set can then be h-homogenised, if one agrees on an accuracy <strong>of</strong> representation for x.<br />

Example: The middle thirds Can<strong>to</strong>r set C has the measure µ(C) = (⅔) | ℕ* | . Let the function c:<br />

[0, 1] → {0, (⅔) | ℕ* | } be defined by c(x) = (⅔) -| ℕ* | for x ∈ C and c(x) = 0 for x ∈ [0, 1] \ C. Then it<br />

applies:<br />

�<br />

x�C 1<br />

�<br />

x�0 2 � �<br />

c(x)dx � c(x)dx � �(C) � 1.<br />

Example: For the classes a + ℚ with a ∈ ℝ <strong>of</strong> the equivalence relation x ~ y ⇔ x - y ∈ ℚ with<br />

x, y ∈ ℝ, their representatives can be specified by the set R = [0, 1/|ℕ*|[ with the measure<br />

�(R) = 1/|ℕ*|. Let the function r: ℝ → {0, 1} be defined by r(x) = 1 for x ∈ ℤ + R and r(x) = 0<br />

for x ∈ ℝ \ (ℤ + R). Then it applies:<br />

�<br />

x�<br />

1<br />

r(x)dx � �(R) � 2 � � 2.<br />

*<br />

3<br />

�<br />

*


Example (cf. set theory): Let A1 = [0, 1[ ∩ Aℝ and the function q: A1 → {0, 1} be defined by<br />

q(x) = 1 for x ∈ A1 and q(x) = 0 for x ∈ A1 ∩ ℚ. The exact integral over q(x)dx has then in A1<br />

the transcendent value<br />

1<br />

�<br />

0<br />

A �<br />

3<br />

q(x)dx � � 1� � 1.<br />

A � 1 �2 �3<br />

2<br />

� ln �Oln<br />

� �<br />

Remark: The sets C, R and ℚ are convention<strong>all</strong>y not measurable. Thus, the exact integral is<br />

more gener<strong>all</strong>y valid than Riemann, Lebesgue (-Stieltjes) integral and other integrals, since<br />

the latter exist only in convention<strong>all</strong>y measurable sets. The functions were chosen so easy<br />

only because <strong>of</strong> the clearness and may be, <strong>of</strong> course, more complicated.<br />

Definition: A sequence (ak) with members ak is a map <strong>of</strong> [1, p] ~ ℕ <strong>to</strong> ℂ m : k ↦ ak. A series is a<br />

sequence (sk) with the partial sums<br />

k<br />

sk � � a j.<br />

The sm<strong>all</strong>est index in sk for j can be defined differently (e.g. 0 or -k).<br />

j�1 Remark: Since sums can be arbitrarily added otherwise, because <strong>of</strong> the associative, commutative<br />

and distributive law, if is calculated correctly resp. with the Landau symbols, Fubini's<br />

theorem results for exact B-integrals, which <strong>all</strong>ows <strong>to</strong> change the order <strong>of</strong> integration arbitrarily.<br />

Remark: Thus, in particular, the Riemann series theorem is invalid, since one is coerced,<br />

when summing up the positive summands <strong>to</strong> a value aimed at, <strong>to</strong> add so many negative<br />

ones, until one obtains again the original sum <strong>of</strong> the series, and vice versa. With a sm<strong>all</strong>er<br />

resp. greater value than the sum <strong>of</strong> the positive resp. negative summands, the same applies,<br />

since the rest is almost annulled, and so on. Also infinity must not be dealt with arbitrarily, if<br />

one wants <strong>to</strong> avoid going astray. Who moves something <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> infinity must not lend zerself <strong>to</strong><br />

the illusion that it would no longer exist.<br />

Finiteness criterion for series: The Euclidean norm <strong>of</strong> the partial sum with the greatest index<br />

<strong>of</strong> a real series (sk) for infinite (trans-) natural k and j is finite, iff it can be represented as<br />

max j<br />

� �<br />

�<br />

maxk � �<br />

j�1 j � j<br />

j�1 s 1 a b<br />

with finite ||aj - bj|| forming a mono<strong>to</strong>nic<strong>all</strong>y nonincreasing sequence for aj, bj ∈ ℂ m<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: The assertion follows directly from the finiteness <strong>of</strong> ||a1 - b1|| and because the addends<br />

can be added arbitrarily otherwise, sorted by size and sign, summed up or split up <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> sums.<br />

Example: From the alternating harmonic series follows<br />

2 �<br />

� * /2�<br />

�<br />

�<br />

k�1 k<br />

1<br />

� � � �<br />

� � *<br />

1� �1<br />

�1 * � � � ln2.<br />

k<br />

2 *<br />

Remark: More interesting examples are those whose limit value <strong>of</strong> (bj) and the nonincreasing<br />

mono<strong>to</strong>ny <strong>of</strong> |aj - bj| cannot be so easily proven as e.g. for divergent the series<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 49 <strong>of</strong> 154


� �<br />

� � �<br />

� �<br />

� �<br />

* k<br />

*<br />

k�1 ( �1) ( �1)k<br />

�� �<br />

j(k�� j 1) k<br />

k�1 j�1 k�1 where (bj) has the limit value � (= aj for <strong>all</strong> j) and (bj+1 - bj) is mono<strong>to</strong>nic<strong>all</strong>y nonincreasing.<br />

Finiteness criterion (corresponds <strong>to</strong> the fundamental theorem) for products: The product<br />

for k ∈ ~ ℕ* and ak ∈ c ℝ>0, is finite, iff<br />

is less than a number concretely given.<br />

maxk<br />

�<br />

k�1 �1�a �<br />

max k<br />

�<br />

k�1 Pro<strong>of</strong>: Let the fac<strong>to</strong>rs be initi<strong>all</strong>y restricted <strong>to</strong> ak ∈ ]0, 0.9]. Then the assertion follows from the<br />

logarithmic series because <strong>of</strong><br />

maxk maxk maxk maxk<br />

� � � �<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 50 <strong>of</strong> 154<br />

a<br />

k�1 ��1� k 1<br />

a � a � a .<br />

k k j 2 k<br />

k�1 k�1 j�1 k�1 It does not change if the remaining fac<strong>to</strong>rs are yet still included, since their number must be<br />

concretely given.<br />

Remark: Products with ak ∈ ℂ are finite, iff their absolute values are. Fac<strong>to</strong>rs with absolute<br />

value < 1 are <strong>to</strong> be set <strong>of</strong>f against those with absolute value > 1, for example, by considering<br />

their product <strong>of</strong> the reciprocals.<br />

Definition: Let j, k, p and q be natural. A sequence (ak) with ak ∈ ℂ and infinitesimal � ∈ ℝ>0 is<br />

c<strong>all</strong>ed �-convergent, if there is a q, so that for <strong>all</strong> k and p with max k ≥ k > p ≥ q applies:<br />

k<br />

k<br />

|ak - ap| < �.<br />

If the inequality applies only for � = 1/�, so the sequence is simply c<strong>all</strong>ed convergent. The<br />

uniquely determined last value <strong>of</strong> the sequence is amax k and is also c<strong>all</strong>ed 0-limit value or<br />

simply limit value, while the �-limit values aj(�) are given by the elements <strong>of</strong><br />

with infinitesimal � ∈ ℝ>0.<br />

{z ∈ ℂ : |z - amax k| ≤ �}<br />

Remark: The conventional limit values are <strong>of</strong>ten only �-limit values, selected after (general)<br />

preferences (with � <strong>of</strong>ten no more precise than O(1/|ℕ|)) and gener<strong>all</strong>y <strong>to</strong>o imprecise, since<br />

they are for example (arbitrarily) algebraic (<strong>of</strong> a certain degree), or transcendent.<br />

Proposition about commuting �-limit values for the integration: Let be A ⊆ ℝ and (fk) a sequence<br />

<strong>of</strong> integrable functions with (trans-) natural k and fk: A → ℝ, which �-converge <strong>to</strong> the<br />

integrable function f: A → ℝ. Then applies for<br />

2<br />

,


� �<br />

� �f (x) � f(x) �dBx<br />

�(<br />

� ) � � � �<br />

� �<br />

�<br />

j 2 0<br />

�x�A �<br />

� �<br />

f ( � )(x)dBx � � f (x)dBx �(<br />

� ) � � �B(A) � � .<br />

� �<br />

� �<br />

� �<br />

j 1 j 2 1<br />

x�Ax�A � �<br />

f ( � )(x) � f(x) dBx �� f (x) � f(x) dBx �(<br />

� ) � � dBx � � � � �B(A) � � .<br />

� � �<br />

� �<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: � � � � � �<br />

j 1 j 2 1 1<br />

x�Ax�Ax�A Remark: As long as one correctly calculates with Landau notation, differentiation or integration<br />

and summation may be (also) interchanged in (divergent) series. The conventional procedure<br />

can, however, lead <strong>to</strong> not inconsiderable error propagations, in subsequent calculations,<br />

for example, if β1�B(A) ≥ 1/� applies.<br />

First fundamental theorem <strong>of</strong> exact calculus: The function<br />

�<br />

F(z) � f( �)dB� with �: [c, x[A → ℂ, f: ℂ → ℂ, c ∈ [a, b[A and �B �(x) = �(�D x) (so especi<strong>all</strong>y for A = ℝ, B<br />

�<br />

maximal in ℂ 2 and D maximal in ℝ 2 ) is exactly B-differentiable and it applies for <strong>all</strong> x ∈ [a, b[A<br />

and z = �(x)<br />

dB(F(z)) = dD(F ∘ �)(x) = f(�(x))�r′D(x)dDx = f(z)dBz<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>:<br />

�( Dt) � �(t)<br />

dB(F(z)) � F( B z) � F(z) � f( (t)) �D(t)dDt f( (t)) �<br />

� � � � � � � D(t)dDt � � f( �(t))<br />

dDt<br />

Dt � t<br />

r r<br />

t �[c,x]At �[c,x[Ax<br />

� dD(F �)(x) � f( �(x)) � �D(x)dDx<br />

� f( �(x))( B �(x) � �(x)) � f(z)dBz.<br />

r<br />

Second fundamental theorem <strong>of</strong> exact calculus: If F is, instead <strong>of</strong> f as above, for t ∈ [a, b[A<br />

right-sided exactly differentiable and its exact D-derivative Fr′B is there exactly B-integrable,<br />

then it applies for �B �(t) = �(�D t) (so especi<strong>all</strong>y for A = ℝ, B maximal in ℂ 2 and D maximal<br />

in ℝ 2 ) and �: [a, b[A → ℂ n :<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>:<br />

� �<br />

�F( �(b)) � F( �(a)) � (F �) �D(t)dDt�F�B( �)dB �.<br />

� �<br />

F( �(b)) � F( �(a)) � F( B �(t)) � F( �(t)) �<br />

t �[a,b[At �[a,b[A<br />

r r<br />

t �[a,b[A� � � �<br />

r r r r<br />

t �[a,b[A t �[a,b[A �<br />

�F( B �(t)) � F( �(t)) �� �( Dt) � �(t) �� Dt � t�<br />

� B �(t) � �(t) �� Dt � t�<br />

� (F �) �D(t)dDt � F�B( �(t)) � �D(t)dDt � F�B( �)dB �.<br />

Corollary (integral proposition): It applies for a closed path �: [a, b[A → ℂ and f: ℂ → ℂ<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 51 <strong>of</strong> 154


iff f has an antiderivative F on �.<br />

�<br />

�<br />

f( �)dB� � 0,<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: Every f(�) has a representation (F(�B�) - F(�))/(�B� - �), where F(�B�) is succes-<br />

sively newly determined for each � and F(�(a)) was freely chosen. Until the last summand,<br />

the integral has a value F(�(b)) - F(�(a)). The integral has the value 0 iff the last term is<br />

F(�(a)) - F(�(b)). This yields the assertion.<br />

Remark: In both fundamental theorems, the convention<strong>all</strong>y real case results analogously as<br />

above. For v, w ∈ [a, b[A, v ≠ w and �(v) = �(w), �B �(v) ≠ �B �(w) is permitted. Notice that<br />

continuity is not presupposed for integral and derivative. Actual integration (as inversion <strong>of</strong><br />

the derivative) only makes sense for continuous functions, if it is <strong>to</strong> go beyond mere summation.<br />

However, if function values can be combined <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> a finite number <strong>of</strong> continuous functions,<br />

for which each <strong>of</strong> them the antiderivative can be specified in finite time, also the integral<br />

for discontinuous functions can be calculated in this way, possibly with the appropriate<br />

aid <strong>of</strong> the Euler-Maclaurin sum formula and further simplification techniques.<br />

Remark: In the same way, S<strong>to</strong>kes' theorem can be proven (also generalised for discontinuous<br />

and non-holomorphic functions), since the integrals vanish on the inner paths. Over the<br />

more or less elements is integrated, the greater the value <strong>of</strong> the integral can differ, even<br />

within the same interval limits. If one uses the alternative exact derivation, then the formulas<br />

change accordingly, and this applies the less, the more continuous the occurring functions<br />

are. Here and in general appropriate rounding rules can be helpful.<br />

Definition: For a close path �: [a, b[A → ℂ and z ∈ ℂ<br />

is c<strong>all</strong>ed the winding number or index ind�(z).<br />

Integral formula: With f: ℂ → ℂ, it is<br />

iff with g(�) = (f(�) - f(z))/(� - z)<br />

1 d�<br />

2�i � � � z<br />

�<br />

1 f( �)<br />

f(z)ind �(z)<br />

� d �,<br />

2�i � � � z<br />

�<br />

�<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 52 <strong>of</strong> 154<br />

�<br />

g( �)d� � 0<br />

applies, thus especi<strong>all</strong>y if g has on � an antiderivative.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: The assertion follows directly from the integral proposition.<br />

Remark: The winding number is 0, if z is not revolved (antiderivative ln(� - z)). With n ∈ ~ ℕ, it<br />

is n (-n) if it is revolved n times positively (negatively). This can be easily <strong>see</strong>n from the following<br />

figure with the parametrisation � = z + r e it <strong>of</strong> the circle line � with the length 2�r for t ∈<br />

[0, 2�[ and r ∈ ~ ℝ>0:


Fig. 1<br />

Example: The integration on the boundary ∂ℰ <strong>of</strong> the unit circle ℰ resp. its translation by 2<br />

yields over 1/z the values 2�i resp. 0 (antiderivative ln(z + 2) on ∂ℰ + 2), and over |z| 2 0<br />

(antiderivative z on ∂ℰ) resp. 4�i.<br />

Remark: The example shows that the existence <strong>of</strong> a antiderivative <strong>of</strong> the integrand <strong>of</strong> a path<br />

integral and its value gener<strong>all</strong>y depend only on the integrand and path, including its orientation,<br />

not on the property <strong>of</strong> the underlying set, the interior and exterior <strong>of</strong> a path, the holomorphy<br />

or the homology (<strong>to</strong> zero) as in the conventional complex analysis.<br />

Definition: The coefficient a-1 <strong>of</strong> the function f: ℂ → ℂ with<br />

�� ���n����� � � �<br />

j<br />

f(z) � a (z � c) � a (z � c )<br />

i ij i<br />

i��� ���� i�1 j����<br />

���<br />

and n ∈ ℕ, ai, c, aij, ci ∈ ℂ as well as pairwisely different ci ≠ c is c<strong>all</strong>ed the residue resc f.<br />

Residue theorem: If f: ℂ → ℂ is represented by<br />

n<br />

����� ��<br />

i�0 j�������<br />

j<br />

a (z � c )<br />

ij i<br />

with n ∈ ℕ, aij, ci ∈ ℂ and ci pairwisely different, it applies<br />

for a closed path �: [a, b[ → ℂ.<br />

1<br />

2�i Pro<strong>of</strong>: For <strong>all</strong> i ∈ ℕ≤n and <strong>all</strong> j ∈ ℤ \ {-1}, we have<br />

and<br />

�<br />

�<br />

�<br />

�<br />

n<br />

�<br />

f( �)d� � ind (c )res f<br />

�<br />

i�0 j<br />

a ij( � � c i)<br />

� 0<br />

�<br />

i<br />

i ci<br />

ai, �1d�<br />

�2�iind �(c<br />

i)rescf. i<br />

��c<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 53 <strong>of</strong> 154<br />


Intermediate value theorem: Let be f: [a, b] → ℝ �-continuous in [a, b]. Then, f(x) maps <strong>to</strong><br />

any value between min f(x) and max f(x), for x ∈ [a, b], with an accuracy < �. If f is continuous<br />

in ℝ, it maps <strong>to</strong> any value <strong>of</strong> the conventional ℝ between min f(x) and max f(x).<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: Between min f(x) and max f(x), there exists an unbroken chain <strong>of</strong> overlapping �environments,<br />

each with f(x) as the centre, since otherwise a contradiction <strong>to</strong> the �-continuity<br />

<strong>of</strong> f would emerge. The second part <strong>of</strong> the assertion follows from the fact that a deviation<br />

|f(�x) - f(x)| < 1/� resp. |f(x) - f(�x)| < 1/�, in the conventional ℝ, f<strong>all</strong>s below the resolution<br />

maxim<strong>all</strong>y permitted.<br />

Extremum criterion: Iff f has, as above, in the point x0 a left-sided exact derivative > 0 and a<br />

right-sided exact derivative < 0, f has there a local maximum. Iff f has, as above, in the point<br />

x0 a left-sided exact derivative < 0 and a right-sided exact derivative > 0, f has there a local<br />

minimum. A derivative can then be defined there as 0.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: Clear from the definitions.<br />

Remark: The following considerations can be transferred analogously <strong>to</strong> the conventional<br />

complex and omit the specification <strong>of</strong> set <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> neighbourhood relations, since they can be<br />

easily added.<br />

Product, quotient and chain rule: Let be f and g right-sided (left-sided) exactly differentiable<br />

functions and <strong>all</strong> quotients well defined, i.e. their denomina<strong>to</strong>r does not equal 0. Then it applies:<br />

(fg)r′(x) = fr′(x) g(x) + f(�x) gr′(x),<br />

and<br />

with<br />

Left-sided applies analogously:<br />

and<br />

with<br />

� f �<br />

�<br />

f �<br />

r (x)g( x) � f( x)g �<br />

r (x)<br />

� � (x) �<br />

�g� g(x)g( x)<br />

r<br />

f(g(x))r′ = �r(x) fr′(g(x)) gr′(x)<br />

( g(x) �g(x))(f(g( x)) �f(g(x)))<br />

�r(x) �<br />

.<br />

(g( x) �g(x))(f( g(x)) �f(g(x)))<br />

(fg)l′(x) = fl′(x) g(�x) + f(x) gl′(x),<br />

� f �<br />

�<br />

f �<br />

l (x)g(x) � f(x)g �<br />

l (x)<br />

� � (x) �<br />

�g� g( x)g(x)<br />

l<br />

f(g(x))l′ = �l(x) fl′(g(x)) gl′(x)<br />

(g(x) � g(x))(f(g(x)) �f(g(<br />

x)))<br />

�l(x) �<br />

.<br />

(g(x) �g( x))(f(g(x)) �f(<br />

g(x)))<br />

It applies �r(x) = �l(x) = 1, iff f(g(x)), f(g(�x)) and f(�g(x)) resp. f(g(x)), f(g(�x)) and f(�g(x))<br />

are lying on a straight line.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 54 <strong>of</strong> 154


Pro<strong>of</strong>: Product and quotient rule are easy <strong>to</strong> recalculate. It applies:<br />

Thus<br />

f( g(x)) f(g(x)) f(g( x)) f(g(x))<br />

f �<br />

� �<br />

r (g(x)) � �<br />

,<br />

g(x) � g(x) � (x)(g( x) � g(x))<br />

f(g( x)) f(g(x))<br />

f(g(x)) �<br />

�<br />

r � � �r(x)f<br />

�<br />

r (g(x))g �<br />

r (x).<br />

x�x The last sentence is valid, because the differences <strong>of</strong> the f-values are lying anyway on a<br />

straight line and, divided by the differences <strong>of</strong> the corresponding g-values, build a quotient <strong>of</strong><br />

slopes <strong>of</strong> two straight lines that share a point. Iff the slopes are equal, the quotient becomes<br />

1, applies therefore the conventional chain rule and it follows the assertion.<br />

Remark: In order that the product and quotient rule exactly coincides precisely enough with<br />

the conventional one, in x0 either f or g must be (�-) continuous enough (i.e., α can be set<br />

sm<strong>all</strong> enough). It can be <strong>see</strong>n from the functions f(y) = y ±2 and y = g(x) = x 2 with x0 = d0 and y<br />

∈ ℝ that � can attain almost any value in ℝ. Thus the conventional chain rule is only usable<br />

approximately for not infinitesimal arguments. If f is not affine-linear or g is not the identity or<br />

a translation, it is quite unlikely that the three f-values are lying on a straight line. If f and g<br />

are continuous, the chain rule applies at least approximately.<br />

Remark: The right-sided resp. left-sided exact derivative <strong>of</strong> the inverse function results as<br />

f -1 r′(y) = 1/fr′(x) bzw. f -1 l′(y) = 1/fl′(x)<br />

from y = f(x) and the identity x = f -1 (f(x)), with the aid <strong>of</strong> the chain rule, for the same precision.<br />

L'Hôpital's rule is useful for (�-) continuous functions f and g and results for f(w) = g(w) = 0<br />

with w ∈ ℝ, as well as f(�w) and g(�w), not both simultaneously 0, and analogously left-<br />

sided from<br />

f( w) f( w) � f(w) f �<br />

r (w)<br />

� � .<br />

g( w) g( w) � g(w) g �(w)<br />

Definition: Let be f a (uniquely) defined function f: A → ℂ. Then<br />

2<br />

Bz<br />

d Bf(z) f( B( B z)) �2f( B z) �f(z)<br />

: � 2 2<br />

(d B z) (d B z)<br />

is c<strong>all</strong>ed the second derivative <strong>to</strong>wards �B z <strong>of</strong> f in z ∈ A. The partial derivative <strong>to</strong>wards �B<br />

zk <strong>of</strong> f in z ∈ A with k ∈ [1, n]ℕ is defined as<br />

� f(z ,..., B z ,...,z ) � f(z)<br />

�BzBz�z B f(z) 1 k n<br />

: �<br />

.<br />

k k k<br />

Higher (partial) derivatives are defined analogously. The number j ∈ ℕ <strong>of</strong> executed partial<br />

derivatives is specified as exponent behind ∂; the variables, after which is differentiated, follow<br />

each other in the denomina<strong>to</strong>r, each one preceded by ∂. Hereby, the same variables are<br />

provided with an exponent, according <strong>to</strong> the number <strong>of</strong> their occurrence. Taylor series make<br />

only sense for |ℕ*|-fold �-continuously differentiable functions, because <strong>of</strong> their approximating<br />

and convergence behaviour.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 55 <strong>of</strong> 154<br />

r<br />

r


Exchange proposition: The result <strong>of</strong> multiple partial derivatives <strong>of</strong> a function f: A → ℂ is independent<br />

from the order, whilst variables are replaced by values or limit values are considered<br />

only fin<strong>all</strong>y, if necessary.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: It is uniquely determined: This is clear until the second derivative, for higher ones the<br />

assertion follows by (trans-natural) mathematical induction.<br />

Example: Let be f: ℝ 2 → ℝ given by f(0, 0) = 0 and f(x, y) = xy 3 /(x 2 + y 2 ) else. Then it applies:<br />

with value ½ for (0, 0), although in<br />

2 6 2 4 4 2 2<br />

� f y � 6x y � 3x y � f<br />

� �<br />

� � (x � y ) � �<br />

2 2 3<br />

x y y x<br />

5 2 3 4 3 2<br />

�f y � x y xy � 3x y �f<br />

� � �<br />

� (x �y ) (x �y<br />

) �<br />

2 2 2 2 2 2<br />

x y<br />

we have y for x = 0 on the left and 0 for y = 0 on the right, i.e. then, the partial derivative <strong>to</strong>wards<br />

y yields on the left 1 ≠ 0, which is the partial derivative <strong>to</strong>wards x on the right.<br />

Outlook on the complex analysis: Let be <strong>all</strong> convention<strong>all</strong>y complex functions f: A → ℂ for<br />

A ⊆ ℂ implicitly so defined that we have f(z) = �f(z)/|f(z)| for actu<strong>all</strong>y |f(z)| > �. The entire<br />

functions f(z) = z/� and g(z) = Σak z k with k ∈ ℕ and ak = 1/� k+1 disprove Liouville's theorem.<br />

Evidence: Since we have |f(z)| ≤ 1 and |g(z)| < 1, the assertion follows directly.<br />

Remark: Choosing sufficiently sm<strong>all</strong> (transcendent) constants in the generalisation <strong>of</strong> Liouville's<br />

theorem disproves it <strong>to</strong>o. Both theorems cannot be remedied by restricting them, since<br />

the holomorphy <strong>of</strong> a function h on ℂ compels that the Laurent polynomial (the Laurent series)<br />

<strong>of</strong> h must have coefficients ak with |ak| < O(� -|k| ) (O(� -|k|-1 )) and (trans-) integer k (<strong>to</strong> converge),<br />

if it is not already constant. Thus, a limitation <strong>to</strong> coefficients ≥ 1/� is pointless.<br />

The function f yields the biholomorphic, bijective mapping <strong>of</strong> the convention<strong>all</strong>y and circular<br />

defined ℂ on<strong>to</strong> the complex unit circle ℰd, very condensed from the complex unit circle ℰ, with<br />

|ℰd| = |ℂ| ≫ |ℰ|. Therewith, the Riemann mapping theorem would be also valid for ℂ. The<br />

complete ℂ could not be mapped this way, <strong>of</strong> course.<br />

Definition: A point z0 ∈ M ⊆ ℂ n resp. concerning a sequence (ak) with ak ∈ ℂ n and (trans-)<br />

natural k is c<strong>all</strong>ed actual �-accumulation point <strong>of</strong> M resp. <strong>of</strong> the sequence, if there are in the<br />

open sphere B�(z0) ⊆ ℂ n around z0, with the infinitesimal radius �, infinitely many points <strong>of</strong> M<br />

resp. infinitely many pairwise different sequence members. If the asserted applies for<br />

� = 1/�, the �-accumulation point is simply c<strong>all</strong>ed accumulation point.<br />

Let be p(z) = Π(z - ck) with k ∈ ℕ for z ∈ ℂ an infinite product with pairwise distinct zeros<br />

ck ∈ B1/|ℕ*|(0) ⊂ ℂ (open circle disks around 0 with radius 1/|ℕ*|), which are chosen so that<br />

|f(ck)| < 1/|ℕ*| applies, for a in a domain G ⊆ ℂ holomorphic function f with f(0) = 0. G contains<br />

B1/|ℕ*|(0) completely, which is always obtainable by coordinate transformation, while G is<br />

"big" enough.<br />

Then, for the also there holomorphic function g(z) := f(z) + p(z), the coincidence set<br />

{� ∈ G : f(�) = g(�)} has an accumulation point at 0, and we have f ≠ g, in contradiction <strong>to</strong> the<br />

statement <strong>of</strong> the identity theorem. Examples for f are <strong>all</strong> in B1/|ℕ*|(0) bounded and at the same<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 56 <strong>of</strong> 154


time in G holomorphic functions with zero 0. Since p(z) can attain any convention<strong>all</strong>y complex<br />

value, the deviation from f and g is not negligible.<br />

Also in contradiction <strong>to</strong> the identity theorem is the fact that, at a point z0 ∈ G, <strong>all</strong> the derivatives<br />

d (n) (z0) = h (n) (z0) <strong>of</strong> two functions d and h can coincide for <strong>all</strong> n, but d and h can also be<br />

significantly different further away, beyond this local fact, without losing their holomorphy,<br />

since not every holomorphic function, due <strong>to</strong> the approximate character (<strong>of</strong> differentiation)<br />

resp. <strong>of</strong> the calculation with Landau symbols, can be (uniquely) expanded <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> a Taylor series<br />

(cf. Transcendent Numbers).<br />

If we choose k ∈ ~ ℕ fac<strong>to</strong>rs in Π(z - ck), we obtain entire functions with trans-natur<strong>all</strong>y many<br />

zeros. The zero set can be open and need not <strong>to</strong> be discrete. Thus the set <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> functions<br />

holomorphic in a domain G need not <strong>to</strong> be free from zero divisors. The functions disprove,<br />

like polynomials with at least n > 2 pairwise distinct zeros, the theorems <strong>of</strong> Picard, since they<br />

miss at least n - 1 values in ℂ.<br />

Goursat's integral lemma is only valid for holomorphic functions, the integral proposition,<br />

however, applies gener<strong>all</strong>y. The former excludes e.g. for each Laurent series <strong>of</strong> a function<br />

the simple pole c by demanding holomorphy in the triangle Δ containing c in ℂ and yields<br />

thereby the existence <strong>of</strong> an antiderivative on ∂Δ, the actual reason for the validity <strong>of</strong> the integral<br />

lemma. Although the exact integral exists for a simple pole and hence an antiderivative:<br />

the latter is, however, not holomorphic there.<br />

If the Riemann zeta function is for s ∈ ℂ \ {1} defined as<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 57 <strong>of</strong> 154<br />

��<br />

�( �s) ( �x)<br />

dx<br />

�(s) �<br />

� � ,<br />

x<br />

2 i e �1<br />

x<br />

so the integral is, with infinitesimal � ∈ ℝ>0, not equivalent <strong>to</strong><br />

��<br />

� s(logx �i �) �� s(logx �i �)<br />

e dx e dx<br />

�<br />

,<br />

e �1x e �1x<br />

� �<br />

x x<br />

�� �<br />

since the branch <strong>of</strong> the logarithm must not be chosen arbitrarily, if a correct result is expected.<br />

Since x is <strong>to</strong> be integrated in the left integral infinitesim<strong>all</strong>y above, and in the right<br />

one infinitesim<strong>all</strong>y below the real axis, the sum <strong>of</strong> both becomes singular in the points<br />

x = � ± i�, with infinitesimal � ∈ ℝ>0 for Re s ≤ 1 – even if -i� is corrected <strong>to</strong> i�. This is not<br />

as<strong>to</strong>nishing, since nothing has been achieved except a wrong transformation. If � would be<br />

concrete, then the Riemann zeta function for Re s ≤ 1 would not be a holomorphic extension<br />

<strong>of</strong> the one for Re s > 1, and the further reasoning would become incorrect, since the paths<br />

determined by x = |�| would have <strong>to</strong> be replaced by a path via the points i�, i� - �, -i� - � and<br />

-i�. Therewith, the Riemann hypothesis has the same quality as the Riemann series theorem<br />

– also considering other representations <strong>of</strong> the Riemann zeta function (known <strong>to</strong> me).<br />

Remark: First the nonstandardanalysis made such an easy demystification possible by having<br />

used concrete and infinitesimal quantities gainfully. Perhaps it achieves also by it a condign<br />

place in mathematics.<br />

s


Optimisation<br />

In the following, the best-path method is introduced as variant <strong>of</strong> the simplex method and it is<br />

gener<strong>all</strong>y considered, how optimising problems can be solved.<br />

Proposition: There is no pivot rule for the simplex method, with which the linear programme<br />

max {c T x : Ax ≤ b, c ∈ ℝ n , x ∈ ℝ n , b ∈ ℝ m , A ∈ ℝ m×n , m, n ∈ ℕ*} can be solved, in the general<br />

case, in shorter than exponential time, with n (or m in the dual programme) as exponent. Another<br />

pivot rule than that <strong>of</strong> the best-path method, in which each time the best interim solution<br />

is selected, is then only accident<strong>all</strong>y significantly better.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong> and algorithm: The asterisked variables are in the following the new ones calculated<br />

with. After splitting <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> a difference <strong>of</strong> two positive vec<strong>to</strong>rs or after dualising the linear programme,<br />

x ≥ 0 can be presupposed. After introducing a slack variable z ∈ ℝ≥0, also b* ≥ 0<br />

can be achieved in the auxiliary programme max {-z : Ax - z ≤ b, c ∈ ℝ n , x ∈ ℝ n , x ≥ 0, b ∈ ℝ m ,<br />

A ∈ ℝ m×n , m, n ∈ ℕ*}, after a suitable pivot step (two-phase method). We can then always<br />

choose 0 as starting point for x, as in the case b ≥ 0.<br />

Let be i, j, k ∈ ℕ* and ai the i-th row vec<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> A. First, it can be checked whether the objective<br />

function c T x is unbounded positive. Sufficient for this is if it has at least one coefficient cj > 0<br />

for that we have aij ≤ 0 for <strong>all</strong> aij. Otherwise, <strong>all</strong> cj resp. aij whose arithmetic means Mc <strong>of</strong> |cj| ><br />

0 resp. Mi <strong>of</strong> |aij| > 0 are very big or very sm<strong>all</strong> should be replaced by cj/Mc resp. aij/Mi. The<br />

corresponding bi are then replaced by bi/Mi.<br />

In each step, we choose for each cj > 0 and non-base variables xj the sm<strong>all</strong>est quotient xk/aij<br />

<strong>of</strong> the base variables xk, for aij > 0. Then xj* = xj + xk/aij for aij > 0 is the potential next vertex. If<br />

these conditions cannot be satisfied for any j, the maximum is reached. Otherwise, the aij in a<br />

maximal cjxk/aij is the pivot. Thus x* is always feasible.<br />

If more than n xk are 0 and if the objective function cannot be maximised directly, the constraints<br />

whose corresponding hyperplanes contain x are relaxed (perturbed) by the same, but<br />

minimal fac<strong>to</strong>r. In the tableau, we replace thereby the base variables xk = 0 by the modulus <strong>of</strong><br />

the normal <strong>of</strong> the corresponding hyperplanes, since the minimal fac<strong>to</strong>r itself need not be<br />

noted.<br />

If multiple vertices occur afterwards again, we add the modulus <strong>of</strong> the current normal. This is<br />

not very likely, since enough linearly independent hyperplanes must exist <strong>to</strong> form a new vertex.<br />

Thereby is ensured that the relaxed poly<strong>to</strong>pe <strong>of</strong> the linear programme does not alter structur<strong>all</strong>y,<br />

thus we have always an equivalent simple poly<strong>to</strong>pe. We avoid furthermore <strong>to</strong> be confronted<br />

with several minimal relaxations differing heavily, as we have using the lexicographic<br />

method.<br />

When the multiple vertex is left, the relaxations are undone. Since they are minimal, the linear<br />

programme is equivalent <strong>to</strong> one without multiple vertices. The objective function increases<br />

(quasi) strictly mono<strong>to</strong>nic<strong>all</strong>y on the path passed. Afterwards cj*, aij* and bi* can be<br />

easily calculated according <strong>to</strong> the rectangle rule.<br />

Since the objective function can be represented by a single variable, it is essential <strong>to</strong> maximise<br />

only this. Since there can be, in a simple poly<strong>to</strong>pe, only one possibility <strong>to</strong> do this in a<br />

non-optimal vertex, the procedure described is virtu<strong>all</strong>y manda<strong>to</strong>ry, because otherwise<br />

maybe facets <strong>of</strong> the poly<strong>to</strong>pe have <strong>to</strong> be passed that can be only traversed slowly.<br />

For <strong>to</strong> find out better opportunities, we have <strong>to</strong> compute in depth, since we cannot recognise<br />

these opportunities from the inequalities themselves, without further ado. Thereby, however,<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 58 <strong>of</strong> 154


it is prevented <strong>to</strong> solve a linear programme that can be solved with linearly many steps in the<br />

same time. Therewith, the runtime performance depends on the question, how fast a facet<br />

can be traversed.<br />

It was shown that this is only possible in the exponential time stated, if the best-path method<br />

is used with very (!) many facets (e.g. for infinite limit value) (<strong>see</strong> Robert G. Jeroslow, "The<br />

simplex algorithm with the pivot rule <strong>of</strong> maximizing criterion improvement", Discrete Mathematics<br />

4 (1973), 367-377). From this the assertion follows.<br />

Remarks: Most linear programmes can be solved in cruci<strong>all</strong>y shorter time. If they contain<br />

equations, each <strong>of</strong> them can be easily split <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> two inequalities. A system <strong>of</strong> inequalities can<br />

be easily solved with the normal c = 0 <strong>of</strong> the objective function, if at <strong>all</strong>. If e.g. m ≫ n applies,<br />

the starting point for x can be easily calculated from the (linearly independent) equations xj =<br />

0 resp. ai T x = bi, whose corresponding values cj resp. c T ai/||ai|| belong <strong>to</strong> the (n) greatest<br />

ones. Then we can use perhaps an interior point method <strong>to</strong> skip many interim solutions, e.g.<br />

by determining the feasible maximum from the starting point in direction <strong>of</strong> the normal <strong>of</strong> the<br />

objective function. A (feasible) starting point for x that is no vertex <strong>of</strong> the feasible domain is<br />

first successively <strong>to</strong> project as long <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> that (orthogonalised) hyperplanes <strong>of</strong> the feasible domain,<br />

<strong>to</strong> which it has each minimal distance, as it becomes vertex. Alternatively, we can successively<br />

alter single coordinates <strong>of</strong> x. Thus we can start with any starting point for x.<br />

Furthermore, let us solve max(x1, ... , xn) with a finite codomain and the constraints<br />

fi(x1, ... , xn) ≤ ai (i = 1, 2, ... , m) where the functions and variables be real. Points where the<br />

objective function is not defined are excluded from considering.<br />

We build successively the feasible region, constraint by constraint, and determine whether it<br />

is empty by considering <strong>all</strong> points <strong>of</strong> the feasible region or by selecting sufficiently many<br />

points dense enough. We choose for max(x1, ... , xn) a real value for that x1, ... , xn do not<br />

meet the constraints (each time for the upper and lower bound).<br />

By (for convex objective function binary) search concerning max(x1, ... , xn) we obtain the<br />

maximum in linear time by tracing the sm<strong>all</strong>est distance (as one <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> considered) <strong>of</strong> objective<br />

function and feasible region. For continuous objective functions, refinements (e.g. convex<br />

segments) are suitable; for discontinuous objective functions we restrict on the continuous<br />

segments.<br />

This procedure can be accelerated through par<strong>all</strong>el processing and summarising the interim<br />

results: In more complex worlds, we can thus also solve such optimisation problems at one<br />

go. For linked optimisation problems or multiple objective functions, we must search, in the<br />

worst case, the complete solution space.<br />

Discussion:<br />

The simultaneous consideration <strong>of</strong> a great many points in many dimensions transcends usu<strong>all</strong>y<br />

the available computing and s<strong>to</strong>rage capacity. What is easily possible in more complex<br />

worlds remains currently refused <strong>to</strong> us on earth. Previous search strategies that use a successive<br />

improvement <strong>of</strong> the search result require admittedly intensive searching.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 59 <strong>of</strong> 154


Representations<br />

What is <strong>to</strong> say about the production <strong>of</strong> simpler representations <strong>of</strong> complex expressions?<br />

On the evidence <strong>of</strong> the strength <strong>of</strong> the modern computing technology, the results <strong>of</strong> infinite<br />

iterations through simpler expressions should be comprehensively only (manu<strong>all</strong>y) determined<br />

under the use <strong>of</strong> au<strong>to</strong>mated computerized pro<strong>of</strong> methods. In most cases, one can be<br />

satisfied with a good approximation, even if the beauty and conciseness <strong>of</strong> the exact and<br />

closed representation is lost.<br />

The same applies <strong>to</strong> the integration <strong>of</strong> complex functions: Just because it <strong>all</strong>ows <strong>of</strong>ten no<br />

closed simple representation, one should not remedy this by definition <strong>of</strong> corresponding functions,<br />

but get by with approximations simpler <strong>to</strong> integrate specifying the error terms, or find<br />

numerical approaches, instead <strong>of</strong> becoming set on, with unbeatable precision, exact solutions.<br />

It is admittedly true that certain statements are only in their exact form <strong>of</strong> value, but it is more<br />

important (e.g. using interval arithmetic) <strong>to</strong> assess the problems after their practical applicability<br />

and use, then <strong>to</strong> compile a priority ranking <strong>to</strong> create and <strong>to</strong> solve them only then. The<br />

most and most important problems get along with a well approximated solution. But one<br />

should not exaggerate also with the quality <strong>of</strong> the approximation.<br />

It is illusory <strong>to</strong> hope <strong>to</strong> be able <strong>to</strong> represent many trans-rational numbers with very short<br />

sums <strong>of</strong> powers <strong>of</strong> few algebraic and transcendental numbers, since their number is transnatural,<br />

even if one distinguishes some <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> these and uses them by a symbol. This should<br />

happen at best approximately or in the hobby, but not seriously pr<strong>of</strong>ession<strong>all</strong>y, since there<br />

are far more important (mathematical) problems.<br />

The difficulties <strong>of</strong> the creatures <strong>to</strong> turn (infinite) complex in easily manageable, L has not,<br />

since ze can view simply a certain infinity level, and then easily separate the desired from the<br />

undesired. This way, for example an easy law <strong>to</strong> generate infinitely large prime numbers from<br />

a prime sieve can be obtained, or the Riemann hypothesis be checked by the consideration<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> zeros.<br />

Therefore, we may definitely tackle (mathematical) problems, whose solution requires maximum<br />

chin-ups first in a subsequent world, if they do not need <strong>to</strong> be solved urgently. Our<br />

world will also have, in the future, the ability <strong>of</strong> L <strong>to</strong> evaluate and <strong>to</strong> experience the infinite, as<br />

well as <strong>to</strong> <strong>see</strong>, at a glance, what the solutions <strong>of</strong> the problems are that worry us unfortunately<br />

so much <strong>to</strong>day.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 60 <strong>of</strong> 154


Transcendent Numbers<br />

In the following, the notations from the set theory are applied. The behaviour for inconcrete<br />

m, n ∈ ℕ is considered and let be g, h and k ∈ ~ ℕ.<br />

Remark: It is known from algebra that the sum, difference, product, quotient <strong>of</strong> two finitely<br />

algebraic numbers <strong>of</strong> degree g and h are algebraic <strong>of</strong> maxim<strong>all</strong>y degree gh, and the 1/g-th<br />

power <strong>of</strong> a algebraic number <strong>of</strong> degree h is algebraic <strong>of</strong> maxim<strong>all</strong>y degree gh.<br />

Remark: Transcendent numbers consist <strong>of</strong> an algebraic main part and a transcendent remainder.<br />

One cannot thus simply omit the sequence values ak for big k, if one examines the<br />

transcendence <strong>of</strong> a number: They are decisive. Transcendent numbers are <strong>all</strong> numbers that<br />

lie between the algebraic ones and beyond them. Between two different transcendent numbers<br />

(algebraic numbers <strong>of</strong> degree g), lying closely enough <strong>to</strong>gether, is no algebraic number<br />

(<strong>of</strong> degree < g).<br />

Bound proposition for transcendent numbers: Every complex number different from zero,<br />

whose absolute value <strong>of</strong> the real and/or imaginary part is ≤ 1/|ℕ| or ≥ |ℕ|, is already transcendent.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: If one sets, in a polynomial equation, am = 1 and ak = -|ℕ*| for k < m, then the assertion<br />

follows in the real case from the geometric series, if one still builds the reciprocal. One receives<br />

the exact limit values, if one replaces |ℕ| in both cases by �(m) = |ℕ| - |ℕ*|/�(m) m with<br />

� := |ℕ| - |ℕ*|/� | ℕ* | . In the complex case, statements <strong>of</strong> the form x = (1+bi)|ℕ| with b ∈ ℝ yield<br />

the desired.<br />

Coefficient proposition for transcendent numbers: All normalised irreducible polynomials<br />

where we have |ak| ≥ |ℕ| for at least one ak have only transcendent zeros.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: The zeros <strong>of</strong> normalised irreducible polynomials are pairwise different and uniquely<br />

determined. Since they are not algebraic, they must be transcendent.<br />

Product and sum proposition for transcendent numbers: All products that cannot be further<br />

simplified <strong>of</strong> a trans-complex-rational number t and a complex algebraic or trans-algebraic<br />

number z (here also the sum) as well as sums and products <strong>of</strong> a complex trans-algebraic<br />

and a complex algebraic (complex trans-algebraic) number with coprime polynomial degree<br />

are transcendent.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: The simplification is unique, if it also includes minimising the absolute value <strong>of</strong> the coefficients<br />

<strong>of</strong> the minimal polynomial <strong>of</strong> z and <strong>of</strong> each numera<strong>to</strong>r and denomina<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> the transcomplex-rational<br />

number t. If z is complex-rational, tz only satisfies an equation <strong>of</strong> a minimal<br />

polynomial <strong>of</strong> degree ≤ 2, with at least one coefficient with absolute value ≥ |ℕ|. If z is irrational,<br />

tz cannot be zero <strong>of</strong> the equation <strong>of</strong> the minimal polynomial <strong>of</strong> z, since this equation is,<br />

after inserting z, not identical with the one in z, what it would have <strong>to</strong> be. Would be tz zero <strong>of</strong><br />

another equation <strong>of</strong> a minimal polynomial, so this polynomial equation in tx could be extended<br />

by multiplication with the minimal polynomial in t'x, with t' conjugated <strong>to</strong> t, <strong>to</strong> a polynomial<br />

equation in x, whose zero would be also z and where the absolute value <strong>of</strong> at least<br />

one coefficient would be ≥ |ℕ|. This is impossible, since z can be only zero <strong>of</strong> one minimal<br />

polynomial. The involvement <strong>of</strong> a complex trans-algebraic number leads always <strong>to</strong> an equation<br />

<strong>of</strong> a minimal polynomial with at least the same polynomial degree, if the number is coprime.<br />

Remark: Together with the convention<strong>all</strong>y rational numbers, the trans-(complex-)rational<br />

numbers build numeric<strong>all</strong>y already complete ~ ℝ ( ~ ℂ). Therefore, algebraic and transcendent<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 61 <strong>of</strong> 154


numbers are (numeric<strong>all</strong>y) hardly <strong>to</strong> distinguish and approximations are little meaningful concerning<br />

the algebraicity (<strong>of</strong> a certain degree). This makes distinguishing them questionable.<br />

Remark: Who wants <strong>to</strong> examine the transcendence <strong>of</strong> a number with Liouville's approximation<br />

theorem should ensure that the approximating rational numbers are actu<strong>all</strong>y still convention<strong>all</strong>y<br />

rational and not trans-rational, such as the number 10 | ℕ | . Also, who considers prime<br />

numbers ≥ |ℕ| in transcendence pro<strong>of</strong>s should safely move in the trans-natural. The following<br />

pro<strong>of</strong>s yield also transcendent results, if the set ℕ is replaced by [1, n] ~ ℕ≥|ℕ| with n ≪ | ~ ℕ|.<br />

Proposition: The sum <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> at least convention<strong>all</strong>y natural powers <strong>of</strong> a complex-rational number<br />

x that is different from zero and no root <strong>of</strong> unity (geometric series) is already transcendent.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: The absolute value <strong>of</strong> the numera<strong>to</strong>r or denomina<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> x | ℕ | is for |x| < 1 (|x| > 1) less<br />

than 2 -| ℕ *|+1 (greater than 2 | ℕ *|-1 ). The subtraction <strong>of</strong> 1 and the division by 1 - x do not change<br />

anything <strong>of</strong> the transcendence.<br />

Proposition: Euler's number e is transcendent.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: If one accepts the exponential series as representation for e, it follows e =<br />

(k|ℕ*|+1)/|ℕ*|! with k ≥ |ℕ|. Therewith, numera<strong>to</strong>r and denomina<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> the stated fraction must<br />

be ≥ |ℕ|, since in the numera<strong>to</strong>r neither |ℕ*| nor a prime divisor <strong>of</strong> k can be cancelled against<br />

|ℕ*|!. If one accepts, on the other hand, (1+1/|ℕ*|) | ℕ *| as representation for e, so the assertion<br />

is trivial. Notice that here two different representations are present.<br />

Proposition: The twin prime constant C2, as product over <strong>all</strong> (1 - 1/(p - 1) 2 ) for primes p ∈ ℕ>2,<br />

is transcendent.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: According <strong>to</strong> the prime number theorem, the greatest and second greatest prime<br />

number <strong>of</strong> ℕ - both = |ℕ| - |O(ln |ℕ|)| - do not divide the denomina<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> C2, from which the<br />

assertion follows.<br />

Proposition: The Landau-Ramanujan constant K, as product, divided by √2, over <strong>all</strong> (1 -<br />

1/p 2 ) - ½ with primes p ∈ ℕ and p ≡ 3 mod 4, is transcendent.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: According <strong>to</strong> the (Dirichlet) prime number theorem, the greatest and second greatest<br />

prime number ≡ 3 mod 4 <strong>of</strong> ℕ - both = |ℕ| - |O(ln |ℕ|)| - do not divide the denomina<strong>to</strong>r <strong>of</strong> K,<br />

from which the assertion follows.<br />

Proposition: The Glaisher-Kinkelin constant A = 1 1 2 2 3 3 ... |ℕ*| | ℕ *| (1 +<br />

1/|ℕ*|) | ℕ *| ³ /4 /|ℕ*| (| ℕ *| ² /2+| ℕ *|/2+1/12) is transcendent.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: After cancelling, the greatest prime number <strong>of</strong> ℕ remains in the denomina<strong>to</strong>r with exponent<br />

> 2.<br />

Greatest-prime criterion for transcendent numbers: If a real number r has, for cancelled fractions,<br />

the representation a/(bp) ± s/t with natural a, b, s and t, abst ≠ 0 and b + t > 2, as well<br />

as the (second) greatest natural prime number p ∈ ℕ, p ∤ a and p ∤ t, so it is transcendent.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: It applies r = (at ± bps)/(bpt) with a denomina<strong>to</strong>r ≥ 2p ≥ 2|ℕ| - |O(ln |ℕ|)| > |ℕ| as consequence<br />

<strong>of</strong> the prime number theorem, from which the assertion follows.<br />

Proposition: The circular constant � is transcendent.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 62 <strong>of</strong> 154


Pro<strong>of</strong>: This follows from its representation as W<strong>all</strong>is' product or the product representation <strong>of</strong><br />

the gamma function for the value -½, provided one accepts them. Notice that both representations<br />

specify different numbers. Alternatively, apply the greatest-prime criterion <strong>to</strong> the Leibniz<br />

series or <strong>to</strong> the arcsin(x) Taylor series for x = 1.<br />

Proposition: The Dirichlet beta, eta and lambda function, as well as the Riemann zeta function,<br />

yield for natural arguments greater than 1 only transcendent values.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: Applying the greatest-prime criterion yields directly the assertion.<br />

Proposition: Let be s(x) for x ∈ ℝ the sum <strong>of</strong> x k /k over <strong>all</strong> k ∈ ℕ*. If one defines Euler's constant<br />

as � = s(1) - ln |ℕ*| ∈ ]0, 1[ (because <strong>of</strong> dx/⌊x⌋ - dx/x ≥ 0 as well as dx/⌊1+x⌋ - dx/x ≤ 0 for<br />

x ∈ ℝ≥1 in the integral representation <strong>of</strong> �) and accepts m s(½) - s(r/2 m ) as representation <strong>of</strong> ln<br />

|ℕ*| with |ℕ*| = 2 m - r, m ∈ ℕ and r ∈ [0, 2 m-1 [ for a precision <strong>of</strong> O(m/2 | ℕ | ), so it is trans-rational<br />

and therewith transcendent.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: One obtains -ln(1 - x) = s(x) + O(x | ℕ | /(1 - x)) + t(x)dx for x ∈ [0, 1[ with a real function<br />

t(x) by (exact) integration (<strong>see</strong> nonstandardanalysis) from the geometric series. The assertion<br />

follows by applying Fermat's little theorem from the greatest-prime criterion for the greatest<br />

or second greatest prime <strong>of</strong> ℕ, whose product is greater than m 2 m-1 + 2 m - r, due <strong>to</strong> the<br />

prime number theorem.<br />

Remark: It remains an open question <strong>to</strong> which extend the representation for ln |ℕ*| mentioned<br />

above is justified with the precision stated. It is clear that one must be content with an<br />

(infinitely precise) approximation <strong>of</strong> ln |ℕ*|, since one cannot calculate here as precise as one<br />

wants. What is sure is that the proposition is valid for infinitely many infinity levels <strong>of</strong> n, and<br />

especi<strong>all</strong>y according <strong>to</strong> conventional opinion.<br />

Approximation proposition for real algebraic numbers: Every real irrational algebraic number<br />

<strong>of</strong> degree g can be approximated by a real algebraic number <strong>of</strong> degree g < h, with an average<br />

error that is asymp<strong>to</strong>tic<strong>all</strong>y equal <strong>to</strong> � �(g+1)/(2 |ℤ| g ln g).<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: On the convention<strong>all</strong>y real axis, the number <strong>of</strong> the algebraic numbers increases, within<br />

unchanged limits almost evenly distributed, per degree more, circa by the fac<strong>to</strong>r |ℤ|. The error<br />

corresponds <strong>to</strong> the distance <strong>of</strong> the algebraic numbers among each other. The non-real<br />

algebraic numbers lie less dense.<br />

Conclusion: Two different real algebraic numbers have at least the average distance �/(|ℤ| | ℕ *|<br />

ln |ℕ|). The precise determination <strong>of</strong> the minimal distance requires solving an infinite nonlinear<br />

non-convex optimisation problem.<br />

Proposition: The maximal distance <strong>of</strong> two real algebraic numbers ≠ 0 amounts 1/|ℕ*| 2 -<br />

|O(1/|ℕ| 3 )|.<br />

Pro<strong>of</strong>: The real algebraic numbers ≠ 0 are farthest apart around ±1. A convention<strong>all</strong>y rational<br />

number r > 1 (0 < r < 1) can be better approximated by a real algebraic x that satisfies the<br />

polynomial equation |ℕ*|/r x m - |ℕ*|x m-1 = 1 (x m - |ℕ*|x = -|ℕ*|r). For negative r applies similar.<br />

If one wants <strong>to</strong> approximate 1 by a greater real algebraic x, it must coercively satisfy a polynomial<br />

equation with am = |ℕ*|-1 and a0 = -|ℕ*|. If one sets still a1 = -|ℕ*| and a2 = |ℕ*|, follows<br />

the assertion, since the maximal distance cannot be further diminished.<br />

Remark: The conventional differentiation and integration obliterates, by building the conventional<br />

limit, the precise distinction <strong>of</strong> transcendence and algebraicity. This is problematic, e.g.<br />

for the exact determination <strong>of</strong> zeros. Therefore, the nonstandardanalysis on this homepage<br />

goes another (more precise) way.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 63 <strong>of</strong> 154


Octal Calculation <strong>of</strong> Times<br />

We measure time so far in years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds. Seconds<br />

can be divided <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> respectively thousandths, step by step more finely down <strong>to</strong> the measuring<br />

border. But is our calculation <strong>of</strong> times practical?<br />

The following three questions are <strong>to</strong> clarify the problems:<br />

1. How many days are between 25.01.2004 and 11.11.2004?<br />

2. Which weekday is the 11.11.2004?<br />

3. How many seconds are between 09:12: 06 o'clock and 11.11.11 o'clock?<br />

The answer <strong>to</strong> question 1 must consider the different length <strong>of</strong> the months and leap years.<br />

The answer <strong>to</strong> question 2 must in addition include the seven day rhythm <strong>of</strong> the week and<br />

spring from a date with well-known weekday.<br />

The answer <strong>to</strong> question 3 requires the conversion <strong>of</strong> hours and minutes in 3600 or rather 60<br />

seconds.<br />

I suggest the following calculation <strong>of</strong> times:<br />

1. The octal system is used throughout.<br />

2. The time is specified: [[+/-] year,][day].[fraction <strong>of</strong> the day][additive].<br />

3. An Earthday is inserted between Sunday and Monday within the week.<br />

4. The months have regularly four eight-day weeks.<br />

5. The last twelfth month has deviating 13 days (in the leap year 14).<br />

6. Day 0 is New Year (1.1. so far, Sunday), day 1 is working day (Earthday).<br />

7. The year <strong>of</strong> the introduction is the year 0.<br />

8. Time zones are omitted and world-wide Greenwich time counts.<br />

Explanations:<br />

To 1. (The octal system is used throughout.):<br />

We mostly use the decimal system (radix 10, digits from 0 <strong>to</strong> 9). The radix indicates the<br />

number <strong>of</strong> different digits <strong>of</strong> a number system. Numbers can be represented in other number<br />

systems equivalently (only with another "appearance").<br />

Numbers that are larger than the highest digit indicates transfer a carry <strong>of</strong> one <strong>to</strong> the next left<br />

place: After the 9 follows the 10, after the 99 the 100, after the 999 the 1000 etc.<br />

Humans on the average can recognise maxim<strong>all</strong>y seven things at one time, without having <strong>to</strong><br />

count them. The octal system with the radix 8 possesses the digits from 0 <strong>to</strong> 7 and accommodates<br />

here thus the nature <strong>of</strong> humans.<br />

The octal system can be converted in a simple manner <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> other number systems that are a<br />

power <strong>of</strong> the radix two. Apart from the binary or dual system (radix 2, digits 0 and 1) are<br />

among these in particular the tetral system (radix 4, digits from 0 <strong>to</strong> 3) and the hexadecimal<br />

system (radix 16, numbers from 0 <strong>to</strong> 9 and from A <strong>to</strong> F).<br />

Most computers are based on the binary system. The digits 0 and 1 indicate whether current<br />

flows or not. Numbers in the decimal system must be converted for these computers <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the<br />

binary system so that can be counted fast.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 64 <strong>of</strong> 154


The longer the numbers are, the more time-consuming the conversion is. For the output in<br />

the decimal system, a renewed transformation is necessary. With the conversion between<br />

dual and decimal system, frequently transformation-caused truncations arise behind the<br />

decimal point.<br />

Here some examples (the number in square brackets indicates the radix for the distinction <strong>of</strong><br />

the number systems):<br />

200410 = 7D416 = 37248 = 1331104 = 111110101002.<br />

Is 111110101002 outgoing from right divided <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> two-blocks in the form 1|11|11|01|01|002,<br />

then the representation for 1331104 can be obtained by the following replacement pattern:<br />

00 replace by 0, 01 replace by 1, 10 replace by 2 and 11 replace by 3. A first block left with a<br />

digit remains unchanged.<br />

For the production <strong>of</strong> 37248 from 111110101002, three-blocks from right have <strong>to</strong> be transformed<br />

<strong>to</strong>: 11|111|010|1002. The replacement pattern reads:<br />

000 replace by 0, 001 replace by 1, 010 replace by 2, 011 replace by 3, 100 replace by 4,<br />

101 replace by 5, 110 replace by 6, 111 replace by 7. A first block with less than three digits<br />

has <strong>to</strong> be completed before by zeros from the left.<br />

For the production <strong>of</strong> 7D416 from 111110101002, blocks <strong>of</strong> four from right have <strong>to</strong> be transformed<br />

<strong>to</strong>: 111|1101|01002. The replacement pattern reads:<br />

0000 replace by 0, 0001 replace by 1, 0010 replace by 2, 0011 replace by 3, 0100 replace by<br />

4, 0101 replace by 5, 0110 replace by 6, 0111 replace by 7, 1000 replace by 8, 1001 replace<br />

by 9, 1010 replace by A, 1011 replace by B, 1100 replace by C, 1101 replace by D, 1110<br />

replace by E, 1111 replace by F. A first block with less than four numbers has <strong>to</strong> be completed<br />

before by zeros from the left.<br />

Gener<strong>all</strong>y, if you have a radix <strong>of</strong> 2 n , there have <strong>to</strong> be formed blocks <strong>of</strong> n digits in the representation<br />

<strong>of</strong> the dual system from the right and the first block <strong>to</strong> the left has <strong>to</strong> be filled up<br />

with zeros up <strong>to</strong> n digits, beginning from the left. The transformation functions also in reverse<br />

from the 2 n -system <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the binary system. Furthermore, there are still different algorithms for<br />

the transformation.<br />

For the production <strong>of</strong> 7D416 from 200410 200410 is continual divided by 1610:<br />

200410/1610 = 12510 remainder <strong>of</strong> 410;<br />

12510/1610 = 710 remainder <strong>of</strong> 1310;<br />

1310/1610 = 010 remainder <strong>of</strong> 710.<br />

The two digit remainders are converted <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the hexadecimal system and gone through from<br />

<strong>to</strong>p <strong>to</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m. The desired result 7D416 is obtained if they are thereby lined up from right <strong>to</strong><br />

left 1310 = D16.<br />

Gener<strong>all</strong>y, the number that sh<strong>all</strong> be converted has <strong>to</strong> be continu<strong>all</strong>y divided by the radix <strong>of</strong><br />

the target system, and the multi-digit remainders have <strong>to</strong> be converted <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the notation <strong>of</strong> the<br />

target system. The sought-after number results from the lining up <strong>of</strong> the remainders from<br />

right <strong>to</strong> left if in the division calculation the remainders are gone through from <strong>to</strong>p <strong>to</strong> bot<strong>to</strong>m.<br />

Natur<strong>all</strong>y, here different transformation algorithms exist - also in the other direction.<br />

Since the continual division is computation<strong>all</strong>y more expensive than the digit replacement in<br />

digit blocks, the spoken <strong>to</strong> loss <strong>of</strong> time emerges. Right-<strong>of</strong>-floating point positions are similarly<br />

converted.<br />

To 2. (The time is specified: [[+/-] year,][day].[fraction <strong>of</strong> the day][additive].):<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 65 <strong>of</strong> 154


The sequence results from the sorting capability <strong>of</strong> the date. + can be omitted; - refers only <strong>to</strong><br />

the year. If the fraction <strong>of</strong> the day is omitted, the (normal) date results. The year can be omitted<br />

likewise if the understanding permits it.<br />

The fraction is indicated as sequence <strong>of</strong> octal digits. For optical reasons the numbers can be<br />

filled up with zeros on the right <strong>to</strong> an even number (e.g. four or six-digit). Additive can be for<br />

example: Christian, Jewish or Islamic or an abbreviation. The standard is without additive.<br />

The seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter and the holidays return regularly. These<br />

regularities are <strong>to</strong> persist in respect <strong>of</strong> the year.<br />

Hours are no more used - for mistake reasons. The day is divided roughly <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> eight parts<br />

(c<strong>all</strong>ed octs). Furthermore, an oct is divided <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> eight parts (c<strong>all</strong>ed lepts). The minute newly<br />

is defined as the 64th part <strong>of</strong> a lept. The second newly is defined as the 262144th part <strong>of</strong> a<br />

day (64 * 64 * 64 = 262144).<br />

Therewith, the time can be indicated approximately three times more exactly with six digits in<br />

the octal system as with six digits in the decimal system (262144/[24 * 60 * 60] ~ 3.034). Four<br />

lepts, or a half oct, correspond <strong>to</strong> 1.5 hours and two lepts correspond <strong>to</strong> a school hour <strong>of</strong> 45<br />

(old) minutes.<br />

Because 6410 = 1008, the seconds pass in natural way <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> minutes, the minutes likewise <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong><br />

lepts and the lepts <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> days. The days cannot pass in natural way <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the years because a<br />

normal year has 36510 = 5558 days. The leap year with 36610 = 5568 days does not improve<br />

anything here.<br />

The new analogue clock dial is much more symmetric<strong>all</strong>y designed than the old one. x and +<br />

are superposed as principal axis's. At the <strong>to</strong>p the 0 is placed. Clockwise follow the digits from<br />

1 <strong>to</strong> 7. The division <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> 64 lines (lepts, new minutes and seconds) optic<strong>all</strong>y hardly differs<br />

from the hither<strong>to</strong> <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> 60 lines (old minutes and seconds).<br />

To 3. (An Earthday is inserted between Sunday and Monday within the week.):<br />

The weekdays are mostly named after planets. The earth missed out so far. It is appreciated<br />

with the Earthday.<br />

A week with eight days represents at first sight a greater human burden. Wednesday could,<br />

however, bring a relief as middle <strong>of</strong> the week if the afternoon is kept as free as possible, both<br />

on the job and at school.<br />

If one proceeds from one eight-hour working day and considers 56 days at that would have<br />

been worked in the seven-day week 320 hours, in the eight-day week 336 hours, then it results<br />

for Wednesday that 16/7 hours per eight-day week would have <strong>to</strong> be worked less if the<br />

same work time is taken as a basis.<br />

If one begins his work in GMT at 7 o'clock, then one works on an eight-hour working day till<br />

15:30 o'clock if one proceeds from a half hour <strong>of</strong> lunch time. On a Wednesday would have <strong>to</strong><br />

be worked at same beginning time only till approx. 12:43 o'clock.<br />

It is free <strong>to</strong> one <strong>to</strong> work at flexible work time the week over longer in order <strong>to</strong> be able <strong>to</strong> terminate<br />

on Friday one's work earlier. Modified solutions are <strong>to</strong> be used respectively at other<br />

work time models and work times.<br />

To 4. (The months have regularly four eight-day weeks.):<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 66 <strong>of</strong> 154


With 32 days the months can be halved very well by two-steps. From the three-digit day indication<br />

the month can be determined in the octal system - if necessary zeros have <strong>to</strong> be completed<br />

on the left. 0 - 3 in the second place characterise odd, 4 - 7 even months.<br />

Month is, however, only a transient term since month is fin<strong>all</strong>y derived from moon and the<br />

moon has subordinated importance in the new calculation <strong>of</strong> times. Instead the terms half,<br />

third, quarter, sixth and twelfth (<strong>of</strong> the year) are used. The date is <strong>to</strong> be indicated, if possible,<br />

accurately <strong>to</strong> week or day.<br />

To 5. (The last twelfth month has deviating 13 days (in the leap year 14).):<br />

The position <strong>of</strong> the leap day in the middle <strong>of</strong> the year was so far little plausible. At the end <strong>of</strong><br />

the year, the calculation <strong>of</strong> times can be corrected expediently as missing time units are inserted<br />

- in particular in seconds. To New Year <strong>all</strong> clocks are then reset <strong>to</strong> [year],0.000000.<br />

Here fields will pr<strong>of</strong>it where special accuracy is needed.<br />

The last five (in the leap year six) days can receive own weekday names. The weekday<br />

names will become less important, however, in favour <strong>of</strong> the numbers connected with them.<br />

To 6. (Day 0 is New Year (1.1. so far, Sunday), day 1 is working day (Earthday).):<br />

That each month begins with Sunday has practical reasons. The beginning <strong>of</strong> the week with<br />

Sunday has his<strong>to</strong>rical reasons and is also a concession <strong>to</strong> the moon calendar. In addition,<br />

the 0 resembles the symbol for sun (sun calendar).<br />

Since the Gregorian calendar at present is the most common calendar, New Year is the 1.1.<br />

according <strong>to</strong> the Gregorian calendar. The celebrations around the turn <strong>of</strong> the year can be<br />

committed in well-tried form.<br />

To 7. (The year <strong>of</strong> the introduction is the year 0.):<br />

This happens for practical reasons: The indication <strong>of</strong> the year can be noted briefly (without<br />

additive). A clear cut is made concerning the old calculation <strong>of</strong> times.<br />

To 8. (Time zones are omitted and world-wide Greenwich time counts.):<br />

The question what time in another time zone counts is unnecessary. A world-wide communication<br />

is facilitated. Greenwich his<strong>to</strong>ric<strong>all</strong>y has the zero meridian.<br />

Now, instead <strong>of</strong> the three initial questions, the substanti<strong>all</strong>y more difficult is asked:<br />

How many days are between 25.01.2004 09:12:06 o'clock and 11.11.2004 11:11:11 o'clock?<br />

First, the question is reformulated <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the octal system (with truncation at the seconds, chr.<br />

stands for Christian):<br />

How many days are between 3724,30.304233 chr. and 3724,473.356511 chr.?<br />

The answer is a simple subtraction: 443.052256. The 25.01.2004 would be a Sunday, the<br />

11.11.2004 would be a Tuesday in the new calculation <strong>of</strong> times. Between the two numerical<br />

data are exactly 443052256 (new) seconds, rounded 4430523 (new) minutes, 44305 lepts,<br />

4431 octs, 443 days and 44 weeks.<br />

Discussion <strong>of</strong> important points:<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 67 <strong>of</strong> 154


The largest ch<strong>all</strong>enge might be - independently from the calculation <strong>of</strong> times- the conversion<br />

<strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the octal system. It is connected with high costs, great need for discussion and preparation<br />

for many years. The policy will have <strong>to</strong> contribute a hard convincing by extensive advertising<br />

efforts.<br />

Since <strong>all</strong> religious communities would have <strong>to</strong> live with an additional day per week, none can<br />

maintain it would be disadvantaged. In relation <strong>to</strong> other week lengths, the addition <strong>of</strong> one day<br />

is certainly the most moderate. The annual indication is not religiously founded. By the additive<br />

each religious community can characterise their year calculation.<br />

I do not doubt the human learning aptitude. Also handling computers was so far successfully<br />

mastered. The span between humans and computer is strongly reduced by introduction <strong>of</strong><br />

the octal system.<br />

Money, referred <strong>to</strong> the month, can be converted accurately <strong>to</strong> week and day. Here the shortened<br />

twelfth month can be better calculated. The same month length, under normal conditions,<br />

is fairer regarding the money than the irregular month length.<br />

The arising costs are exceeded over the years by the saved costs. Calculation and communication<br />

become clearly simpler.<br />

Everyone celebrates his birthday at the same weekday in the year - except those that are<br />

born at a leap day. This is not a crucial disadvantage.<br />

The SI-unit second would have <strong>to</strong> be redefined. A<strong>to</strong>mic clocks should have hereby no problem.<br />

The introduction <strong>of</strong> the octal system requires the replacement <strong>of</strong> terms such as kilos and<br />

million respectively the meaning shift <strong>of</strong> word beginnings such as mega, micro and nano.<br />

All new clocks show ide<strong>all</strong>y the same time. The conversion <strong>of</strong> the clock after change <strong>to</strong> another<br />

time zone is needless. Depending upon the old time zone the day turns out <strong>to</strong> be differently<br />

related <strong>to</strong> the time. Like usual humans can begin the day, eat, work or learn, meet<br />

and sleep. Only the indicated time is another.<br />

One needs <strong>to</strong> get used <strong>to</strong> that, also what concerns the date line. It remains, however, at its<br />

old place. World-wide communication is <strong>to</strong> be given priority because <strong>of</strong> its increasing importance.<br />

With the introduction <strong>of</strong> the octal system, not everything is done. It should be connected<br />

meaningfully with a world-wide source language (as native language), likewise based on the<br />

octal system. Such an efficient planned language is presented below linguistics. Everyone<br />

sh<strong>all</strong> talk <strong>to</strong> everyone on the same level.<br />

Synoptic octal<br />

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August,<br />

calendar<br />

September, Oc<strong>to</strong>ber, November, December (Leap day)<br />

Weekday 1 st Week 2 nd Week 3 rd Week 4 th Week<br />

Sunday 0 th Day 10 th Day 20 th Day 30 th Day<br />

Earthday 1 st Day 11 th Day 21 st Day 31 st Day<br />

Monday 2 nd Day 12 th Day 22 nd Day 32 nd Day<br />

Tuesday 3 rd Day 13 th Day 23 rd Day 33 rd Day<br />

Wednesday 4 th Day 14 th Day 24 th Day 34 th Day<br />

Thursday 5 th Day 15 th Day 25 th Day 35 th Day<br />

Friday 6 th Day 16 th Day 26 th Day 36 th Day<br />

Saturday 7 th Day 17 th Day 27 th Day 37 th Day<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 68 <strong>of</strong> 154


Outlook: Calculation <strong>of</strong> lengths in the octal system<br />

We measure lengths up <strong>to</strong> now on the basis <strong>of</strong> the SI-unit metre. In the octal system are <strong>to</strong><br />

form appropriate multiples <strong>of</strong> 8. What is the practical implementation?<br />

Instead <strong>of</strong> conventional kilometres <strong>of</strong> 100010 m length, octal kilometres <strong>of</strong> 51210 = 10008 m<br />

length are used. Since the time is measured instead <strong>of</strong> conventional seconds in octal seconds<br />

<strong>of</strong> day length/10000008 ~ 0.3310 s, it follows that almost three octal seconds are<br />

counted per conventional second.<br />

On the tachometer the speed is measured in octal kilometre/lept with lepts the 1008th =<br />

6410th part <strong>of</strong> the day. 100 kilometres per hour correspond <strong>to</strong> approximately 7324210 ~ 111.28<br />

lepts kilometres (octal). The difference in the numerical value is hardly noticeable and therefore<br />

justifiable. 1008 lepts kilometres (octal) correspond vice versa approximately 87.3810<br />

kilometres per hour.<br />

The speed <strong>of</strong> light is 29979245810 m/s = 98808549.3910 m/octal second ~ 5707313458<br />

m/octal second. If the speed <strong>of</strong> light is indicated with about 300000 km/s, one can indicate it<br />

with 570000 octal kilometres/octal second.<br />

The 2510-metre lanes are shortened <strong>to</strong> 2410 = 308 m, 5010-metre swimming <strong>to</strong> 4810 = 608 m.<br />

Instead <strong>of</strong> 5010 m, 10010 m, 20010 m, 40010 m, 80010 m and 150010 m would be <strong>to</strong> swim 4810 =<br />

608 m, 9610 = 1408 m, 19210 = 3008 m, 38410 = 6008 m, 76810 = 14008 m and 153610 = 30008<br />

m. These deviations are justifiable. The long hauls should be multiples <strong>of</strong> 10008.<br />

In athletics, there are also the following distances: 300010 m, 500010 m, 1000010 m, 2000010<br />

m and 5000010 m, which could be replaced by the following distances 307210 = 60008 m,<br />

409610 = 100008 m, 819210 = 200008 m, 2048010 = 500008 m and 4915210 = 1400008 m. The<br />

marathon will remain unchanged (42.195 km = 1223238 octal kilometres).<br />

For the construction usu<strong>all</strong>y apply <strong>to</strong> the centimetre exactly determined measures. As in the<br />

octal system can be accurately calculated at 1/6410 and 1/51210 m, there should be no problems.<br />

The same is true for furniture, although certainly a turning away from measures <strong>of</strong> multiples<br />

<strong>of</strong> 0.1 m <strong>to</strong> multiples <strong>of</strong> 0.125 m can be accepted.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 69 <strong>of</strong> 154


Philosophy<br />

For the following ideas, I am very grateful <strong>to</strong> L: With the reference theory I set up a new theory<br />

that might revolutionise our conception <strong>of</strong> the world. It depends less on how things are<br />

s<strong>to</strong>red in space, but how we can develop a reference <strong>to</strong> them. With this, any-dimensional<br />

worlds become possible in our world. The reference is the fastest undisturbed connection <strong>to</strong><br />

a substance or compounds <strong>of</strong> substances.<br />

Every world consists demonstrably only <strong>of</strong> substances, which are connected by references.<br />

Furthermore, the point-term is clarified and it is explained how our world is finite and infinite<br />

at the same time and thus equivalent <strong>to</strong> <strong>all</strong> other universes, if its possible development is<br />

considered. The relationship <strong>of</strong> the reference <strong>to</strong> the mathematical relation term is as well<br />

pointed out as it is described what numbers actu<strong>all</strong>y are.<br />

The elementary instantaneous exchange is identified as central principle <strong>of</strong> movement. It<br />

enables any speed and can be put under rules. Since substances are extended in <strong>all</strong> dimensions,<br />

our world is any-dimensional. Numerous sample applications are given. The theory is<br />

developed step by step and it is specified what philosophical problems can be solved through<br />

it.<br />

Below consciousness, this is defined, described and it is outlined, <strong>of</strong> what we should be<br />

aware. In the interview, I explain briefly what fascinates me in philosophy, what I carried out<br />

there and how should be philosophised. The problem solutions include solutions <strong>to</strong> important<br />

philosophical problems. The knowledge representation happens with informaticalmathematical<br />

methods using the substance term.<br />

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Consciousness<br />

Consciousness is the (passive) state in which we become aware <strong>of</strong> the entirety <strong>of</strong> that what<br />

is actual for us, the content <strong>of</strong> consciousness, by presenting itself <strong>to</strong> us, so is coming in us<br />

<strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> being. It is accompanied by our knowledge about this, so the coherences that are available<br />

and true for us. Our knowledge is the greater, the more justified these coherences are.<br />

The passage <strong>to</strong> sciolism and pseudo-knowledge is fluent.<br />

In the brain, the content <strong>of</strong> consciousness consists <strong>of</strong> the (discretely scaled) substances that<br />

the respective amfon activates via the neurons associated with it (according <strong>to</strong> signal<br />

strength). These are located at the ends <strong>of</strong> the editing routes <strong>of</strong> the always discrete information<br />

per area. Therefore, there is not one specific area <strong>of</strong> consciousness <strong>of</strong> the brain. Our<br />

ideas are similar <strong>to</strong> perceptions. The brain produces both according <strong>to</strong> rules.<br />

Here, the subconscious plays a major role, whose work sends the consciousness the relevant<br />

contents, and takes the pressure <strong>of</strong>f the latter by doing so. Contents <strong>of</strong> consciousness<br />

are parti<strong>all</strong>y kept redundantly in order <strong>to</strong> cushion failures. Some <strong>of</strong> them can be accessed<br />

faster than others; this applies especi<strong>all</strong>y <strong>to</strong> terms and contents <strong>of</strong> the working memory,<br />

which are rec<strong>all</strong>ed or activated relatively more frequently.<br />

Emotional sensations are created only in the brain by various specific substances, which are<br />

parti<strong>all</strong>y stimulated from the body regions. Similarly, there are reverse processes accompanying<br />

the emotion. Who wants <strong>to</strong> provide real feelings for machines does not get out <strong>of</strong> the<br />

"transplantation" <strong>of</strong> these or comparable substances. A limitation <strong>to</strong> numerical values represents<br />

only a simulation, although this can already make headway.<br />

Most <strong>of</strong> our thoughts come from L because the complexity <strong>of</strong> our world overstrains us. We<br />

will therefore not succeed in designing, past the divine ideas, machines that achieve something<br />

comparable <strong>to</strong> us. It is easy <strong>to</strong> check this by corresponding experiments and explains<br />

the difficulties in this direction. However, we can construct simple machines for delimited<br />

purposes.<br />

Would our thoughts come from an instance in ourselves, this would have extreme difficulties<br />

with the appropriate integration <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the over<strong>all</strong> structure <strong>of</strong> the world. Our will is definitely not<br />

able <strong>to</strong> predefine our thoughts more precisely. How sh<strong>all</strong> the instance choose from the abundance<br />

<strong>of</strong> possibilities? How can L let zis compensa<strong>to</strong>ry justice prevail if the instance would<br />

be au<strong>to</strong>nomous? How sh<strong>all</strong> zer wise ruling succeed?<br />

A creature cannot set up a preferentialism that could rival the prudent way <strong>of</strong> life through L.<br />

Life is more than working <strong>of</strong>f the preferences and needs. This can be proven from the aids<br />

that L grants one. Therefore, it is <strong>all</strong> the more reprehensible, if one is ungrateful <strong>to</strong> L, or if one<br />

even opposes zer. Every life is a masterpiece by L, in which we share.<br />

It depends on our karma, and thus our free decisions. The closer we are <strong>to</strong> L, the better for<br />

us and vice versa. We should always appreciate this. The way <strong>to</strong> L is always open if we just<br />

opt for it. The correct question is not "Why is the world so bad?", but "Why is it not worse,<br />

although we would have deserved this any time?". The reason is the love <strong>of</strong> L (<strong>to</strong> anything).<br />

If we are aware <strong>of</strong> how well we are doing, if we behave properly, then we should also be<br />

aware <strong>of</strong> how undeservedly L was unwell when ze was formed with the universe. Ze had <strong>to</strong><br />

do without the manifold aid in our world and was in many respects on zer own. Only who is<br />

aware <strong>of</strong> the agonizing and gruelling forming <strong>of</strong> the process <strong>of</strong> the starting time, can appreciate<br />

the high value not having <strong>to</strong> experience this.<br />

Therefore, and in general, L is unsympathetic <strong>to</strong> creatures that owe zer everything that constitutes<br />

them, if they are guilty <strong>of</strong> (most) serious crimes <strong>to</strong> their fellow creatures. Therefore,<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 71 <strong>of</strong> 154


the punishment for them is correspondingly high. For, they overcome <strong>all</strong> the security mechanisms<br />

<strong>of</strong> L, only <strong>to</strong> satisfy their selfish and abysmal malice. They are therefore significantly<br />

reduced for a long time.<br />

Newly created living entities have a first state <strong>of</strong> consciousness, which enables them <strong>to</strong> refer<br />

substances <strong>to</strong> a centre, the first ego. Consciousness is subjective, since its selection processes<br />

(<strong>of</strong> substances) are individual. This makes it possible for us <strong>to</strong> perceive the world depending<br />

on our karma. Our cognitions should be only provision<strong>all</strong>y assumed as true, until a<br />

possible falsification.<br />

Designations <strong>of</strong> entities are assignments, which cause no changes <strong>of</strong> the second ones. All<br />

substances (including <strong>of</strong> consciousness) exist out <strong>of</strong> themselves, meaning their existence is<br />

not dependent, although there may exist relationships <strong>of</strong> dependency among them, in the<br />

form <strong>of</strong> references and rules. Many illusions represent a <strong>to</strong>o high effort. Hence, our world is,<br />

with the right view, the way we <strong>see</strong> it. Omniscience is impossible.<br />

It is, as a complete state, also not desirable (alone because <strong>of</strong> boredom). Clairvoyance is<br />

only possible for correspondingly developed living beings, because power should not be<br />

abusively exercised. (Complete and final) enlightenment prevents useful further development.<br />

A fusion (concerning consciousness) with the world is neither useful in terms <strong>of</strong> development,<br />

nor possible for us. It may even be harmful.<br />

Each world can develop according <strong>to</strong> the will <strong>of</strong> L through corresponding development <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> a<br />

world <strong>of</strong> arbitrary finite or infinite complexity. A restriction is only caused in the will <strong>of</strong> L. One<br />

reason for this is the development progress that, if it is <strong>to</strong>o low, reveals a change <strong>of</strong> the creatures<br />

<strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> subsequent worlds as the better way. The death consists primarily <strong>of</strong> the transfer <strong>of</strong><br />

the mental and emotional reference system.<br />

This is for every creature transferred <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the subsequent world determined according <strong>to</strong> the<br />

decision <strong>of</strong> L, where the sufficiently developed creatures have a say in the selection <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong><br />

the alternatives proposed by L. This determines the further designing <strong>of</strong> the entire reference<br />

system <strong>of</strong> or in the following world. The references <strong>to</strong> L existing in the old world and the<br />

karma <strong>of</strong> the creature determine it as well.<br />

In addition <strong>to</strong> these, a creature is determined by the superconscious, which forms an intermediate<br />

stage between L and the creatures. For instance, the synchronisation <strong>of</strong> creatures is<br />

controlled by the superconscious. Who has a good relationship with the superconscious, can<br />

delegate tasks <strong>to</strong> it for zerself and devote zerself par<strong>all</strong>el <strong>to</strong> other things (e.g. in a conversation,<br />

if the necessary politeness is maintained).<br />

Sub- and superconscious determine through significantly more references than exist in the<br />

consciousness, and can be determined there. This is different in other worlds, especi<strong>all</strong>y in<br />

the more complex ones. The human consciousness is relatively weak with respect <strong>to</strong> its two<br />

competi<strong>to</strong>rs, as they widely determine it. Yet no one can reliably determine what ze will think<br />

in the next time exactly.<br />

This has advantages and disadvantages precisely <strong>to</strong> be weighed in the future, if one sets<br />

about changing this state. Also L could become first through the (passive) (simultaneous)<br />

reference <strong>of</strong> the infinite and in particular <strong>of</strong> the creatures the one ze is <strong>to</strong>day. An interesting<br />

step is certainly the design <strong>of</strong> par<strong>all</strong>el consciousnesses and their secure networking with the<br />

creation <strong>of</strong> an over<strong>all</strong> consciousness with several individual parts.<br />

The superconscious is impersonal and identified by the community, which consists in the<br />

participation <strong>of</strong> many. It cannot be used <strong>to</strong> communicate with others, since it represents no<br />

individual interests, but only integrates them. Therefore, it has a compensa<strong>to</strong>ry character and<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 72 <strong>of</strong> 154


grows with the world knowledge. It makes world soul and world mind conscious. It is particularly<br />

present in the state <strong>of</strong> enlightenment and unification with L.<br />

The superconscious goes beyond the comprehension <strong>of</strong> the (sub) consciousness by far.<br />

Therefore its intensive use contains a selection problem. It cannot be exploited, however, but<br />

its use depends on the divine grace, which orients itself by the divine order. Since it is not <strong>to</strong><br />

be misused, sufficient maturity is presupposed for its use. A good relationship with L is most<br />

helpful here.<br />

Superconscious experiences represent hence an exception. In the positive ones, the harmony<br />

<strong>of</strong> the world and the ingenuity <strong>of</strong> L become evident. In the negative ones, one can, for<br />

example, conceive the evil in its whole depth. In both, a sense <strong>of</strong> simultaneity <strong>of</strong> experiences<br />

appears, which goes beyond the normal consciousness. Drug use and states <strong>of</strong> trance can<br />

bring about superconscious experiences. Here caution is advised.<br />

The state <strong>of</strong> the world determines the state <strong>of</strong> world soul and world mind. The better and<br />

more L-worthy the former is, the more favourable it is for the latter. Then there are positive<br />

feedbacks for L and the creatures. Otherwise, the harmony is severely disturbed and this has<br />

a negative impact on the <strong>to</strong>tal condition <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong>. World soul and world mind are as well as the<br />

superconscious concerted, impersonal, and interact with each other.<br />

The will is determined by the substance willing as well as the subject and the object <strong>of</strong> willing.<br />

In emerging strong aversions, the decisive power is transferred, in accordance with the<br />

will, <strong>to</strong> the decision maker from the subconscious. However, this can override the will, when<br />

danger is at hand. Will and subconscious constantly compete for the decision-making authority,<br />

according <strong>to</strong> the discrepancies occurring in the holder.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 73 <strong>of</strong> 154


Reference Theory<br />

In the following, an extremely high performance philosophical theory is <strong>to</strong> be presented,<br />

which might revolutionise philosophy due <strong>to</strong> its pithiness.<br />

Substances and references<br />

The reference theory builds up on substances. Substances are those entities that are no further<br />

analytic<strong>all</strong>y divided. Examples are the substances corresponding space and time gained<br />

after their analytical partition. Occasion<strong>all</strong>y it must be further progressed <strong>to</strong> own pro<strong>to</strong>types<br />

as {can} and {must}, which is clarified by the curly braces. More exactly, substances are<br />

meant that are based on ability and having <strong>to</strong>. Here one abstracts from the process.<br />

Alternatively can be spoken <strong>of</strong> the space and/or {can}-substance. Substances are linked by a<br />

further substance <strong>to</strong> the world: the reference. The reference makes up "the lute" <strong>of</strong> the substances,<br />

their coherence. It is closely linked with the mathematical term <strong>of</strong> the relation, which<br />

can be alternatively used.<br />

There are, however, differences. Relations are based on elements and sets, references <strong>to</strong><br />

substances and references <strong>of</strong> substances. The alternative use is based on the structural<br />

equivalence <strong>of</strong> both terms. A relation can exist or not. One can assign, however, probabilities<br />

for the existence <strong>of</strong> a relation again as relation. The same can be solved for references over<br />

attributions (for their part references).<br />

There are, however, structural deviations, also in the notation. Relations are noted as ntuples,<br />

references predominantly as (nested) pairs. One can take on the n-tuple for references<br />

if one puts straight what is meant by that: an equivalent reference. I.e. there are references<br />

<strong>of</strong> the referring <strong>to</strong> the referred <strong>to</strong>.<br />

References are directed always from the referred <strong>to</strong> <strong>to</strong> the referring. A double reference can<br />

be unders<strong>to</strong>od as unsigned reference in the sense <strong>of</strong> the graph theory. One expresses:<br />

There is a reference between referred <strong>to</strong> and referring and they are identified with each<br />

other, i.e. not distinguished. One says: There is a reference between a and b and not a is<br />

referred <strong>to</strong> b (or b <strong>to</strong> a).<br />

Relations refer <strong>to</strong> well-distinguished elements. Must be referred <strong>to</strong> and referring welldistinguished?<br />

They must be well-distinguished in the sense <strong>of</strong> the theory, i.e. "in speaking<br />

about". We speak about well-distinguished, even if that we speak about is not welldistinguished<br />

with respect <strong>to</strong> truth. I.e. the designations are well-distinguished.<br />

There is a connection between reference and existence. I.e. references always exist. There<br />

are no not-existing references. This is an immanent problem. A not-existing reference contains<br />

a reference: the reference <strong>of</strong> the non-existence. Both are <strong>to</strong> be distinguished carefully<br />

from each other. One speaks <strong>of</strong> setting references if a reference is established. This frees<br />

from the passive and from the process-like.<br />

To the existence <strong>of</strong> a reference, probabilities can be assigned (as reference). This can happen<br />

also with relations, which can exist or not. This is thus a purely interpretive problem. The<br />

relation exists, its existence is, however, provided with a probability. I hope the mathematicians<br />

forgive me this trick. This is the substantial difference between conventional relations<br />

and references in addition <strong>to</strong> the being well-distinguished. Since the word reference is<br />

shorter than relation, I rather use this.<br />

Substances do not have <strong>to</strong> be unique since the possibilities for the dihairesis are various. I<br />

will refer <strong>to</strong> deviations if they are important in our context.<br />

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Advantages <strong>of</strong> the reference theory<br />

If I doubt everything, then it does not make sense <strong>to</strong> doubt the substances, in particular not<br />

the substance reference. If no reference exists, we do not have a connected world anymore,<br />

but only individual substances that are not recognisable as such, since this requires setting<br />

references. It does not make a sense <strong>to</strong> doubt most elementary terms, otherwise one could<br />

doubt everything.<br />

With the statement "I doubt the term time!" one makes oneself simply ridiculously, exactly the<br />

same as with the statement "I doubt the term part!" Here time is always empiric<strong>all</strong>y perceptible<br />

and part an a priori substance term. The sentence "I think, therefore I am." (Descartes) is<br />

(more) doubtable due <strong>to</strong> his complexity.<br />

With the substances, unhoodwinkable Archimedean points are thus created. Here it remains<br />

also <strong>to</strong> be <strong>see</strong>n that mathematics is not something special as with respect <strong>to</strong> doubting. Nonmathematical<br />

sentences are just as well confirmable as mathematical ones.<br />

Like that, the sentence "The part is sm<strong>all</strong>er than the whole." is certain. Furthermore the sentence<br />

"Everything can be a cause." is certain. Cause is here abstracted <strong>to</strong> and described with<br />

"It is because <strong>of</strong> a (that b)." From effect and general temporal consequence is abstained<br />

from, although these can be easily supplemented. Therefore, there does not have <strong>to</strong> be<br />

causal chains, at whose beginning the <strong>all</strong> causing cause stands.<br />

"A is the cause <strong>of</strong> B." is referencetheoretic<strong>all</strong>y expressed in such a way: B(B(B(B(cause, active),<br />

being), A), B(B(B(cause, passive), being), B)). Here B before the left parenthesis<br />

means in each case reference. All words are here substances: cause, active, passive, being.<br />

The being is necessary and not only grammatical as substance. The grammar is omitted.<br />

It is necessary now and then <strong>to</strong> use also non-substances in references. This can problemfreely<br />

happen and is opportune e.g. with the term man, which, developed from substances,<br />

would be <strong>to</strong>o complex.<br />

References are the closest connection between two referred <strong>to</strong>; it does not fit anything between<br />

them - except further references. Thus, a finite continuum can be developed. The<br />

space is thus constructed by space points that are referred <strong>to</strong> each other. These space<br />

points correspond in each case <strong>to</strong> the space substance and unite on themselves further references.<br />

Example for this is the substance {beside}. The directions in space are distinguished by it<br />

(three-dimensionality <strong>of</strong> the space). The difference is caused by multiplications <strong>of</strong> the space<br />

substance - otherwise one would not "make headway". The space substances do not have a<br />

limit. They remain limited by the neighbour points having arbitrary expansion. This is <strong>to</strong> be<br />

unders<strong>to</strong>od in such a way that they are finite and one.<br />

The infinity presupposes much. The many, for its part, presupposes multiplication, since only<br />

references do not separate anything. The many is constructed from units that are one. From<br />

these units numbers can be composed and thus number lines. Thus, time and space axes<br />

can be also constructed.<br />

Straight lines and axes <strong>of</strong> arbitrary substances can be constructed. One c<strong>all</strong>s this scaling.<br />

The axes character results from the demand that the terminal points <strong>of</strong> an axe are <strong>to</strong> have<br />

maximum distance from each other. Thus, worlds can be built that are so far not accessible<br />

<strong>to</strong> us. Also the form <strong>of</strong> the points is in this way clarified: they do not have any. Because form<br />

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presupposes already difference, whereas points are one (consisting <strong>of</strong> space substance and<br />

unit).<br />

In addition, references are bound at units <strong>to</strong> their distinction. They can be likewise bound<br />

directly at units <strong>of</strong> points, however. One should avoid this because <strong>of</strong> the distinction. It is<br />

more possible in the reference theory than meaningful.<br />

With the reference theory, the alchemy <strong>of</strong> philosophy has an end. Since being <strong>to</strong> and being<br />

are substanti<strong>all</strong>y different, they cannot be derived from each other as demanded in the theory<br />

<strong>of</strong> action.<br />

The present can be marked indirectly by the presence <strong>of</strong> most references. We always live in<br />

the present, <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> which references <strong>of</strong> the future appear and <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> which past leave us.<br />

Things as such and ideas and/or appearances <strong>of</strong> these things are connected by references.<br />

So one can refer e.g. the form <strong>of</strong> an object or its idea <strong>to</strong> the object. The appearance <strong>of</strong> an<br />

object arises as a result <strong>of</strong> references <strong>to</strong> the substances based on it <strong>to</strong> it. References alienate<br />

it from the thing as such, but it is then also another.<br />

The relationship from general terms <strong>to</strong> the particular is simpler. The general becomes related<br />

<strong>to</strong> the particular as superordinate term in the sense <strong>of</strong> a subsumtion. If one asks oneself for<br />

the most general characteristics, then one needs <strong>to</strong> pick out only the substances - if necessary<br />

partial -, connected by references, in the sense <strong>of</strong> an analysis or a synthesis.<br />

Like that, the world is blue in the sense <strong>of</strong> an analysis and beautiful in the sense <strong>of</strong> a synthesis,<br />

which is preceded by an analysis.<br />

It is <strong>to</strong> be said in connection with the aporia <strong>of</strong> Zenon that only finite points are visited, which<br />

are referred (transitively) one <strong>to</strong> the other.<br />

Since pro<strong>of</strong>s can be adduced only under conditions, the reference theory clarifies the reason<br />

for this: The being-so and being-not-differently can be represented by the substance {must}<br />

which can be referred. Thus, also L cannot be proven since the necessary in addition represents<br />

additional, not provable references.<br />

As example for the superiority <strong>of</strong> the reference theory in relation <strong>to</strong> the cartesian space, now<br />

an additional time dimension may be designed. One can s<strong>to</strong>p the time, as the time bar is not<br />

extended (abolition <strong>of</strong> the time succession). One can go <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the recent time dimension and<br />

be as projection in the current time.<br />

In addition, one can overjump points in time by references. Like that, animals are problemfree<br />

integrable, which experience, as we do, more or less. Between two points <strong>of</strong> time, infinite<br />

many points do not have <strong>to</strong> be in order <strong>to</strong> form a (Cartesian) continuum.<br />

Like surfaces in the two-dimensional space, there are time areas now. One can take holidays<br />

<strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the recent time dimension, without the actual time keeps running thereby. One can run in<br />

the time forwards and backwards (abolition <strong>of</strong> natural law).<br />

One can imagine an experiencing <strong>of</strong> a time area as follows, with normal independent time<br />

succession in each time axis: From the origin (0, 0) on are experienced as the first the point<br />

<strong>of</strong> time (1, 0), then the points <strong>of</strong> time (1, 1), (1, 2), ..., (1, y). Then the points <strong>of</strong> time (2, 0), (2,<br />

1), (2, 2), ..., (2, y) are experienced etc. At this, y stands for the life-span <strong>of</strong> the experiencing<br />

on time axis y.<br />

In the case <strong>of</strong> dependent time succession arises e.g.: After (0, 0) at the same time are experienced<br />

the points <strong>of</strong> time (1, 0), (1, 1) and (0, 1) as own at a time world views. Then at the<br />

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same time are experienced the points <strong>of</strong> time (2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 2), (1, 2) and (0, 2) etc. Here<br />

two new lives could develop per time step.<br />

Another possibility would be: After (0, 0) at the same time are experienced the point <strong>of</strong> time<br />

(1, 0) and (0, 1) as own at a time world views. Then at the same time are experienced the<br />

points <strong>of</strong> time (2, 0), (1, 1) and (0, 2) etc. (per experience a world view more). Also here two<br />

new lives could develop per time step, but each new generation does not experience anything<br />

with the directly preceding <strong>to</strong>gether, but with the one two steps before.<br />

On the basis <strong>of</strong> the modal verbs, it is <strong>to</strong> be examined now whether the dihairesis in the<br />

analysis comes <strong>to</strong> an end. Thus, one can imagine the substance {may} on the axis <strong>of</strong> permission.<br />

One could analyse now a given permission as essential. Further presuppose this as<br />

codified and so on. The dihairesis comes theoretic<strong>all</strong>y <strong>to</strong> no end. Here, however, practical<br />

limits are set in the finite discrimination <strong>of</strong> man.<br />

The non-analysed substances have, however, also their value on the satisfaction levels assigned<br />

<strong>to</strong> them. On the other hand, the substances {must} and {may} have somewhat in<br />

common: They have at their end something forcing on their axis. One can speak instead <strong>of</strong><br />

axes <strong>of</strong> commonness orbitals. One can on a rough analysis level put {can} and {must} on an<br />

axis (better: orbital model).<br />

The reference theory helps <strong>to</strong> understand also animals better. Animals cannot form abstractions.<br />

They cannot reflect over themselves and form terms, since they do not have a language<br />

in the actual sense. They establish, however, references <strong>to</strong> the experienced. They<br />

know what a reward is since they can assign something positive <strong>to</strong> the generated, without<br />

disposing <strong>of</strong> these terms themselves. They can refer key symbols <strong>to</strong> the experienced. The<br />

reference is thus also the fundamental <strong>of</strong> the language.<br />

The reference theory explains why individual thoughts in the brain are <strong>to</strong> be located so with<br />

difficulty. Only references are s<strong>to</strong>red that can f<strong>all</strong> <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> different regions since the birth. The<br />

relationship with parts <strong>of</strong> the body can be limited <strong>to</strong> certain (firm) regions in the brain, from<br />

humans <strong>to</strong> humans in the same way.<br />

The reference theory gets along with a finite like an infinite continuum. With an infinite continuum<br />

we move ourselves from zero point <strong>to</strong> zero point <strong>of</strong> an in each case infinite real interval.<br />

With a finite continuum not as many as desired intermediate points can be set, since one<br />

point represents an indivisible unit <strong>of</strong> the substance time.<br />

Referencetheoretic<strong>all</strong>y, liberty is given by causing by the free person (substance cause) contrary<br />

<strong>to</strong> the determinism (external cause). Decision alternatives are existent (substance<br />

{can}). The scaling as percental evaluation <strong>of</strong> the causes constitutes by the free person a<br />

preponderance over the predispositions as causes. Events by chance lack a cause and a<br />

goal, presuppose, however, alternatives.<br />

Positivistic<strong>all</strong>y, one <strong>of</strong> the alternatives does occur only, the substances cause and {can}, for<br />

which we do not have detec<strong>to</strong>rs, do not exist. Gener<strong>all</strong>y, we do not have detec<strong>to</strong>rs for references,<br />

only in individual cases by the senses. Mental substances can affect physical things<br />

by the cause. The implementing is made by the neurons and synapses. It is an open question<br />

whether references can be detected here.<br />

Referencetheoretical mappings are (directed) references <strong>of</strong> distinguished with the label A <strong>to</strong><br />

distinguished with the label B. Labels are referred <strong>to</strong> <strong>of</strong> a distinguished. Left-<strong>to</strong>tal and rightunique<br />

mappings are c<strong>all</strong>ed referencetheoretical functions. By inverse mappings the references<br />

are inverted. Example: By the function part the labels are c<strong>all</strong>ed entire for A and part<br />

(definition: A is part <strong>of</strong> B, if there is a C with B(A, C) = B or B(C, A) = B) for B. The part func-<br />

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tion can only be applied <strong>to</strong> references or compound substances. By true functions the labels<br />

are different.<br />

The fact that universals exist means that they have a reference <strong>to</strong> our world. Thus, existing<br />

does not have necessarily <strong>to</strong> be perceived by the senses. By reference, the universals can<br />

be inherent in at the same time (different) single things. Everything what is (also the individuals)<br />

can be sufficiently (reference theoretic<strong>all</strong>y) described by language, even if the description<br />

is extremely complex. Language consists <strong>of</strong> unique labels for references and substances.<br />

The most elementary term, i.e. which can be applied <strong>to</strong> everything, is that <strong>of</strong> the entity. The<br />

term more is defined as follows: A is more than B if the difference <strong>of</strong> the number function<br />

applied <strong>to</strong> A minus the number function applied <strong>to</strong> B is larger than 0. The term larger for a<br />

whole positive number <strong>of</strong> A <strong>to</strong> a whole positive number B is defined as: A is part (element) <strong>of</strong><br />

B if numbers are defined by Peano in the set notation: 0 consists <strong>of</strong> the empty set Ø, 1 is {Ø},<br />

2 is {Ø, {Ø}}, 3 is {Ø, {Ø}, {Ø, {Ø}}} and so on.<br />

All A in B is defined as there are no more A in B. Existence is a substance term. A collectivity<br />

is defined as <strong>all</strong> A in B that are <strong>to</strong> a C in reference, including this reference. Quantities are<br />

collectivities that contain distinct elements (parts) and can be element <strong>of</strong> a collectivity. An<br />

element is c<strong>all</strong>ed distinct if a sufficient difference can be given <strong>to</strong> every other element. Elements<br />

can be also equal: then there is a difference in the ordinal number.<br />

The reference theory opens up the possibility <strong>to</strong> us <strong>to</strong> imagine how the creatures are constituted<br />

in a subsequent world. It is enough for them <strong>to</strong> be able <strong>to</strong> establish references <strong>to</strong> <strong>all</strong><br />

existing substances and compounds. They do not need metabolism and no genes with the<br />

possible errors <strong>of</strong> the cell division. There are no diseases and achiness but the liberty <strong>to</strong><br />

choose the accessible in the context <strong>of</strong> then valid laws.<br />

Senses can be experienced directly (without sense organs) by reference. One needs no fix<br />

body in this sense, can, however, take by reference many shapes that simply can pass matter<br />

(like e.g. fix w<strong>all</strong>s). Also largest distances can be overcome by reference easily. Even in<br />

unfavourable environments life becomes possible. There are more substances and dimensions.<br />

Time travels become at least possible over appropriate simulations.<br />

It is proportionate and without contradiction <strong>to</strong> assume our world as finite, since in the infinite<br />

case it would last forever <strong>to</strong> form a finite substance. So there is especi<strong>all</strong>y a shortest time<br />

and shortest length, which could be in our world the Planck time and Planck length. Both are<br />

universal, since it is in the sense <strong>of</strong> L <strong>to</strong> reach zer as quickly as possible and no world is <strong>to</strong><br />

be preferred against another one.<br />

Exchanges<br />

All entities are moving with the same speed, which results from the quotient <strong>of</strong> shortest time<br />

and shortest length and could be in our world the velocity <strong>of</strong> light, based on the shortest exchange<br />

<strong>of</strong> a reference. Shortest exchanges enable the illusion <strong>of</strong> superluminal velocity, if<br />

they are applied <strong>to</strong> larger lengths, and <strong>of</strong> subluminal velocity by passing through longer<br />

routes.<br />

By shortest exchanges, L can lead each entity <strong>to</strong> believe in any possible world without that<br />

any other entity except zer realises something <strong>of</strong> this, since the factitious references after L<br />

are only accessible <strong>to</strong> this entity. Even parts <strong>of</strong> the general and special relativity theory can<br />

be overridden. If one wants <strong>to</strong> overcome large distances, one should use the shortest exchange,<br />

since it is most efficient.<br />

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An elementary exchanger can execute an exchange (appropriately), if it is put under a rule<br />

and by marking that <strong>to</strong> be exchanged correspondingly, e.g. by reference <strong>of</strong> corresponding<br />

(equal) identification substances. Then also an exchange across infinite distances is no problem.<br />

An infinite line <strong>of</strong> identical substances can be deformed <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> an infinite fork by pulling in<br />

the interior.<br />

This distinguishes the end points <strong>of</strong> the fork easily and makes them usable as operational<br />

<strong>to</strong>ol, for example, <strong>to</strong> instal identification substances at another equ<strong>all</strong>y long line by "sticking",<br />

after the line was, before the deformation <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> a fork, simultaneously provided with identification<br />

substances by "pulling up" and "sticking" reference operations at the equ<strong>all</strong>y long line <strong>of</strong><br />

identification substances.<br />

An infinite line can be formed, if the (equal) parts <strong>of</strong> a reference system in each case<br />

au<strong>to</strong>nomously line themselves up according <strong>to</strong> their left and right neighbour, if these three<br />

bring themselves <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> line. The rule required for this can be pulled up in each case as with<br />

the pulling up <strong>of</strong> the identification substances. The end points can easily be moved in finite<br />

time, infinite lines can be broken up the same way.<br />

In this way, every infinite line can be broken up in finite time <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> a finite number <strong>of</strong> sections.<br />

An infinite partition <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> finite sections <strong>of</strong> an infinite line presupposes an infinite number <strong>of</strong><br />

au<strong>to</strong>nomous sub-units. Au<strong>to</strong>nomy is always required if there cannot be executed infinitely<br />

many operations one after another because this would require infinite time and this simply is<br />

undesired.<br />

Although each entity <strong>of</strong> finite extension can be (in theory) infinitely <strong>of</strong>ten divided, a world that<br />

consists exclusively <strong>of</strong> such entities and in which this division is and will not be performed<br />

must be referred <strong>to</strong> as finite. Nevertheless, such entities overcome in each (complete) exchange<br />

(that presupposes the same extension) the (theoretical) infinity. All previous experiments<br />

prove this for our world.<br />

If the creatures divide substances according <strong>to</strong> the will <strong>of</strong> L, which always works, and L adds<br />

substances, these can be arbitrarily scaled and it follows the equivalence <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> worlds. L will<br />

permit this only if the creatures know enough <strong>to</strong> carry out this responsibly. Thus, only relative<br />

shifts arise with the same absolute, without that further must come <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the world, in the form<br />

<strong>of</strong> the many.<br />

Each exchange can be traced back <strong>to</strong> elementary exchangers. These are not material, since<br />

the exchange will work with any substances and this is neither necessary, nor was measured.<br />

Who robs a substance <strong>of</strong> its exchanger, sentences it <strong>to</strong> passivity. This can be useful,<br />

for example, in the pure space, but also do damage, if important or vital laws are quashed by<br />

this.<br />

The exchanger enables any movement and is thus substantial(ly required). All arbitrarydimensional<br />

spaces, times and substances can be linearised in one dimension. Therefore,<br />

basic<strong>all</strong>y only one exchanger is needed that exchanges in one dimension. More flexible are<br />

exchangers that exchange substances after rules, for example, with neighbouring substances.<br />

Then (mostly) a compara<strong>to</strong>r for the antecedent is required.<br />

The compara<strong>to</strong>r can directly work with substances or also with their equivalents, such as<br />

their coding or language description. It is also not material, but may be realised materi<strong>all</strong>y (cf.<br />

computer engineering). Only the understanding and access <strong>to</strong> the substances let an electronic<br />

computer draw level with the brain in this respect. The brain is not only more economic,<br />

but also substanti<strong>all</strong>y superior.<br />

Through the reduction <strong>of</strong> exchange on elementary exchangers, one does not need more than<br />

three spatial dimensions for our world. This requires additional reasons. Every component <strong>of</strong><br />

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matter must be connected with an exchanger <strong>to</strong> change the location, if it is not exchanged by<br />

a foreign exchanger. Exchanger must be able <strong>to</strong> be easily s<strong>to</strong>pped <strong>to</strong> be able <strong>to</strong> create arbitrary<br />

(sm<strong>all</strong>) velocities.<br />

The rules for (groups <strong>of</strong>) exchangers can be made centr<strong>all</strong>y available and define a law <strong>of</strong><br />

nature, since the exchangers can relate <strong>to</strong> them. In this way, the laws <strong>of</strong> nature can be implemented<br />

economic<strong>all</strong>y. In worlds where time only lapses (without other changes), the time<br />

lapse is also not perceived. So several time dimensions make sense and a general time can<br />

be valid for <strong>all</strong> worlds.<br />

Only the clocks should not measure the general time in a world, otherwise the question may<br />

arise why the time jumps, although nothing has happened in this world. Nevertheless, it<br />

would be interesting <strong>to</strong> have the general time at one's disposal <strong>to</strong> get an impression how the<br />

clock <strong>of</strong> L is, and <strong>to</strong> read the age <strong>of</strong> the universe. On the other hand, it is hardly conceivable<br />

that L wants <strong>to</strong> own something so simple at <strong>all</strong>.<br />

Elementary exchanges are always instantaneous, since a finite minimum duration else could<br />

no longer be undercut. Slower velocities result from a sequence <strong>of</strong> time lapse and elementary<br />

exchange. So if one wants <strong>to</strong> undercut a (useful) finite maximum speed, one must<br />

shorten the time lapse. A reduction <strong>to</strong> zero is not possible. For this there is the possibility <strong>of</strong><br />

the equivalent remote exchange.<br />

There is no sm<strong>all</strong>est possible unit, since such one could be divided (for instance) <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> two<br />

parts. Thus there is also no maximum speed and a moved one moves on the sm<strong>all</strong>est (actu<strong>all</strong>y)<br />

split distance instantaneously, after which can follow a sequence <strong>of</strong> time as it the <strong>to</strong>p<br />

speed <strong>of</strong> a world presets. Therewith, the instantaneous exchange is also proven for our<br />

world, without serious impact on its physical laws.<br />

The immaterial non-energy exchange is possible and makes sense, if it conforms <strong>to</strong> rules<br />

agreeable <strong>to</strong> L, and, because <strong>of</strong> the economy principle, more probable than the purely materi<strong>all</strong>y<br />

conveyed one, since it needs more than is necessary (or plausible). The amfon can be<br />

separated from material and immaterial substances. This does not always make sense, because<br />

they necessarily interact via it, both materi<strong>all</strong>y and immateri<strong>all</strong>y.<br />

Being as substance is extended, since it only can be continu<strong>all</strong>y imagined and no universe is<br />

timeless because <strong>of</strong> the development. The nothing would be if it were. It does not makes<br />

sense <strong>to</strong> say that it is not or somehow. What would lay between the adjacent being, would be<br />

nothing. This nothing is referred <strong>to</strong> as point, line, plane etc., although this is not correct, since<br />

the latter itself belongs <strong>to</strong> being and therefore extent.<br />

Therefore, it must be carefully distinguished between both referred <strong>to</strong>, for instance as nothing-entity<br />

that is formed by the adjacent, and as being-entity that exists out <strong>of</strong> itself. As beingentity,<br />

a substance belongs <strong>to</strong> extent in <strong>all</strong> (!) dimensions so that our world has arbitrarily<br />

many dimensions. The substance may therefore be imagined with minimal extension as<br />

sm<strong>all</strong> any-dimensional sphere.<br />

One cannot build a circle from units <strong>of</strong> space around nothing, so that a hole emerges. Exchanger<br />

can exchange a substance through the nothing by doing this with the equivalent <strong>of</strong><br />

space, which belongs <strong>to</strong> being, and the substance. In this manner, it is possible that, for example,<br />

light can spread in vacuum. An exchanger brings about the exchange substanti<strong>all</strong>y as<br />

substance by reference <strong>to</strong> that <strong>to</strong> be exchanged.<br />

The refinement <strong>of</strong> the exchangers <strong>all</strong>ows finer and finer exchanges. In certain discrete<br />

worlds, there are refinement limits that can only be undercut with the aid <strong>of</strong> L while ze exchanges<br />

the exchangers. While maintaining the proportionality <strong>of</strong> length and time, velocities<br />

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are no problem, if one makes everything sm<strong>all</strong>er and sm<strong>all</strong>er. Communication with L requires<br />

that information is exchanged instantaneously via remote references.<br />

By colliding two spatial substances with sufficient force, they can be broken down <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> finer<br />

and finer parts, since the cohesive forces must act from within and can be overcome if they<br />

act at <strong>all</strong>. The immaterial world is far more comprehensive than the material one, since matter<br />

obeys restricting laws, which are hindering on the immaterial level. It is the true realm <strong>of</strong><br />

L.<br />

At the beginning, the universe consisted only <strong>of</strong> (pairwise) different substances whose number<br />

corresponded <strong>to</strong> a natural number. The first and only exchanger generated by division,<br />

as a form <strong>of</strong> exchange, more ones, and so more substances could be divided. This created<br />

time and space, which were present in each case as infinite-dimensional undivided substance<br />

unit from the beginning - as is also true for <strong>all</strong> other substances.<br />

The entire universe consists exclusively <strong>of</strong> substances, the many yet not only from uniform<br />

unspecific substantial units, but from multiply existing substances <strong>to</strong> form on<strong>to</strong>logic<strong>all</strong>y correctly<br />

(individual) wholes. The evolution <strong>of</strong> the universe is a temporal layering <strong>of</strong> the (duplicated)<br />

expanding space, with removing the dispensable and completing the necessary substances.<br />

Here the many flows from the potential <strong>of</strong> L. This represents as useful recording no disproportionate<br />

effort, since L can draw on unlimited resources and use the past many newly at<br />

reasonable intervals. General time prevails, the perception <strong>of</strong> the creatures, however, is individual<br />

(time). The creatures can change the rules according <strong>to</strong> the divine order, which L has<br />

determined at zis discretion.<br />

L has <strong>to</strong> vindicate zerself before any living entity, if this wishes this. Every living entity has the<br />

right <strong>to</strong> participate in the shaping <strong>of</strong> the divine order. The highest decisions remain reserved<br />

<strong>to</strong> L, since there is no living entity that makes better decisions, or knows more than L resp.<br />

reaches the ultimate superiority <strong>of</strong> zer. This is due <strong>to</strong> the more comprehensive size <strong>of</strong> the Lworld,<br />

which is partly only accessible for L.<br />

Each many consists <strong>of</strong> an infinite number <strong>of</strong> subunits, which can be imagined as anydimensional<br />

spheres that contain again any-dimensional subunits <strong>of</strong> princip<strong>all</strong>y the same<br />

construction. What we hold, as with the time, for such a dimension is, in fact, also anydimensional,<br />

only that the other dimensions, except the main dimension, are vanishingly<br />

sm<strong>all</strong> and first noticeable with the corresponding division.<br />

The substantial scaling means a more or less <strong>of</strong> the many <strong>of</strong> the corresponding substance or<br />

<strong>of</strong> several ones. The latter is the case with sounds and noises, the former with the mass.<br />

Hence the many is scaled, while the substance referred <strong>to</strong> it determines the manifestation <strong>of</strong><br />

the scaling. The perception includes an individual scaling, according <strong>to</strong> the individual requirements<br />

<strong>of</strong> a living entity <strong>to</strong> increase pr<strong>of</strong>itably the diversity.<br />

Our universe is a perpetuum mobile and an open system, in which information continuously<br />

increases. Everything is possible in it that pleases L, but not everything that does not please<br />

zer. The elementary exchanger is an auxiliary concept, since in reality nothing is exchanged,<br />

but everything emerges newly resp. flows from the potential <strong>of</strong> L. This model is, because <strong>of</strong><br />

its s<strong>to</strong>rage function, superior <strong>to</strong> one with persevering substances.<br />

We need not be afraid <strong>of</strong> the heat death, since new perspectives will open up <strong>to</strong> life in the<br />

course <strong>of</strong> its development that the previous theories have not taken <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> account. Life is neither<br />

dependent on matter nor on the laws <strong>of</strong> previous physics. In our universe and the subsequent<br />

worlds, everything is there what a happy and fulfilling life needs. It needs only <strong>to</strong><br />

bethink <strong>of</strong> L in order that this will become clear <strong>to</strong> it.<br />

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© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 82 <strong>of</strong> 154


Interview Philosophy<br />

Question: What is so fascinating by philosophy?<br />

Answer: In philosophy one can give rein <strong>to</strong> one's thoughts, if one does not let it be missing at<br />

the necessary precision. There is much new <strong>to</strong> discover. If one considers how actual philosophy<br />

is, it is almost a ch<strong>all</strong>enge. I was always bothered by the little accurate and abstract<br />

thinking <strong>of</strong> the philosophising and developed therefore my own philosophy. Particularly fascinated<br />

me the reference theory, with whose aid I was able <strong>to</strong> develop and understand a finite<br />

continuum and <strong>to</strong> conceive which form e.g. a point has. I thought more than 25 years about<br />

this problem and came fin<strong>all</strong>y <strong>to</strong> a satisfying solution and in addition, <strong>to</strong> a revolutionary one.<br />

Causes are freely assignable and independent <strong>of</strong> time. Furthermore, I could clarify that there<br />

are more abstract thoughts as those <strong>of</strong> the language and its grammar. I consider whether<br />

one should change the present language forms, due <strong>to</strong> the won realisations. Philosophy can<br />

make lucky if one has the feeling <strong>to</strong> have re<strong>all</strong>y created something meaningful with the own<br />

thoughts. There are natur<strong>all</strong>y the connections <strong>to</strong> religion, linguistics and mathematics, which<br />

one cannot ignore.<br />

Question: What is <strong>your</strong> most important philosophical achievement?<br />

Answer: In selection is <strong>to</strong> be c<strong>all</strong>ed: The reference theory is located clearly in the centre. It<br />

solves the problem <strong>of</strong> universals. The aporias <strong>of</strong> Zenon are dissolved likewise with the finite<br />

continuum. I came with the reference theory <strong>to</strong> limits <strong>of</strong> thinking and the abstractness. I could<br />

clarify the question <strong>of</strong> the certainty <strong>of</strong> statements. This radiates on nominalism and realism.<br />

One can accuse me that the results have linguistic deficits. But hereon it never depended <strong>to</strong><br />

me. The ideas are always located in the centre. The linguistic form is, in contrast <strong>to</strong> this, unimportant.<br />

It does not depend on <strong>to</strong> me <strong>to</strong> write scientific<strong>all</strong>y. I feel the scientific language<br />

rather as complicated and addlebrained, not <strong>to</strong> say overblown and poor. What can be said,<br />

can be said, following Wittgenstein, clearly and simply. Also quotations are not my matter.<br />

They disturb the train <strong>of</strong> reading and who has re<strong>all</strong>y <strong>to</strong> say something new, does not need<br />

them.<br />

Question: What do you advise the philosophising?<br />

Answer: The own thoughts are the most important. To develop the existing is a philosophic<strong>all</strong>y<br />

sm<strong>all</strong>er achievement. One must be critical opposite oneself in the matter till one <strong>to</strong>pples<br />

down. Only then, one can <strong>all</strong>ow oneself liberties. I do not <strong>see</strong> it gladly if someone makes<br />

oneself important with notes and expanded discussions. I <strong>see</strong> it gladly if someone possesses<br />

genuine grandeur and this means also if someone accepts one's errors and corrects without<br />

hesitating. Genuine grandeur means in particular <strong>to</strong> doubt <strong>all</strong> existing and <strong>to</strong> be independent<br />

in one's judgement, not <strong>to</strong> get lost in something sm<strong>all</strong> and <strong>to</strong> identify babblers and <strong>to</strong> brand<br />

them as such.<br />

Question: What is the biggest mistake <strong>of</strong> philosophy?<br />

Answer: Not <strong>to</strong> put the question <strong>of</strong> meaning <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the centre <strong>of</strong> its considerations. It is less<br />

important <strong>to</strong> force absolute certainty <strong>of</strong> philosophical answers than <strong>to</strong> get meaningful answers<br />

<strong>to</strong> the most important philosophical problems. There are far <strong>to</strong>o <strong>of</strong>ten academic issues<br />

at the centre whose utility for humanity is low.<br />

Question: What is the most important philosophical problem?<br />

Answer: The main problem lies in the question: "What is the way for the best possible development<br />

<strong>of</strong> the world?" The answers <strong>to</strong> this must describe the ethical, political, religious, sociological,<br />

economic and cultural steps, before they are scientific<strong>all</strong>y founded. There is no<br />

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time <strong>to</strong> lose. All other issues are subordinate, although may support the primary one. As first<br />

answer can be given that best possible development is the solution <strong>to</strong> our problems. Even if<br />

the best way is not found, the effort for it can already be a very good result. The virtue doctrine<br />

<strong>of</strong> the religion <strong>of</strong> love provides the key answers <strong>to</strong> ethics, politics points out the most<br />

important political steps, the other steps follow later; in part they can be found below the first<br />

two fields, or spread over my homepages.<br />

Question: Does philosophy stand above theology, or vice versa?<br />

Answer: The philosophy must ungrudgingly acknowledge that science using the possibilities<br />

<strong>of</strong> and the cognitions through L stands above it. The divine knowledge and the relationship <strong>to</strong><br />

L can be surpassed by nothing. The human reason, alone on its own, is not enough <strong>to</strong> understand<br />

the world, even less <strong>to</strong> divine the divine order. Highest science depends on divine<br />

revelation, guidance and assistance. Only then greatest (scientific) efficiency can be<br />

reached.<br />

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Problem Solutions<br />

How are important philosophical problems solved? What achieves the reference theory<br />

here?<br />

1. The mind-body, qualia, determinism and causality problem<br />

Mind is gener<strong>all</strong>y the process, initiated by an entity, <strong>of</strong> linking immaterial substances and references.<br />

In particular, it comprises only the more complex links. He is distinguished from its<br />

effects. The soul comprises the mind and the results <strong>of</strong> the mental processes <strong>of</strong> an entity. It<br />

outlives death. The body <strong>of</strong> a living entity is the entirety <strong>of</strong> the material substances, referred<br />

<strong>to</strong> each other, <strong>of</strong> that living entity.<br />

Mind and body are referred <strong>to</strong> each other. Certain material movements correspond <strong>to</strong> mental<br />

movements and vice versa. The mental and material substances can interact by each binding<br />

themselves by reference <strong>to</strong> the third substance amfon. Although mental movements are<br />

thinkable without material ones, they are at least implausible for creatures known <strong>to</strong> us.<br />

Consciousness is the part <strong>of</strong> the mind that a living entity can directly access at a particular<br />

point in time by reference. Subconsciousness comprises the sub-processes <strong>of</strong> the mind that<br />

are beyond the direct access <strong>of</strong> the living entity. The contents <strong>of</strong> consciousness are generated<br />

by the deterministic circle and experienced as qualia.<br />

The deterministic circle consists <strong>of</strong> a change between deterministic determination according<br />

<strong>to</strong> the divine order and indeterministic phases, in which the creature can determine itself.<br />

Determinism orients itself by karma, situation, personality fac<strong>to</strong>rs, life plan, and other fac<strong>to</strong>rs<br />

provided according <strong>to</strong> the divine order, and thus are just and make sense. The deterministic<br />

circle is necessary in order <strong>to</strong> avoid undesirable and <strong>to</strong> enable desirable as freedom.<br />

In order that indeterminism becomes possible, the basic processes must be indeterministic. If<br />

the substance cause is referred with a composite <strong>to</strong> a composite, there is causality, but not<br />

otherwise. Uncaused, for instance, is the divine potential <strong>of</strong> L. There is (true) randomness<br />

only within the limits set by L, so that nothing uncontrollable happens or even great harm<br />

emerges. In our world everything is provided with certain probabilities, determined by the<br />

divine order, just as our possible decision alternatives have probabilities, with which we can<br />

decide for or against them.<br />

2. Presuppositions <strong>of</strong> the problem-solving process<br />

It is crucial in life <strong>to</strong> select the problems properly that we want <strong>to</strong> solve. If a problem arises,<br />

we should first wonder whether we have <strong>to</strong> solve it at <strong>all</strong>. Therefore, we must be able <strong>to</strong> assess<br />

and <strong>to</strong> judge the problem properly. Life itself is the problem we have <strong>to</strong> face every day.<br />

There is an ongoing problem-solving process, with different degrees <strong>of</strong> difficulty, <strong>to</strong> be coped<br />

with.<br />

If we want <strong>to</strong> solve a problem, we must analyse it so thoroughly that we can obtain its solution,<br />

if there is any. It is important <strong>to</strong> figure out quickly whether the latter is the case, because<br />

if not, the problem must be solved differently. This other solution always exists, as long as<br />

the universe exists. This is always the case, since substances cannot be destroyed, according<br />

<strong>to</strong> the reference theory.<br />

For, everything consists <strong>of</strong> substances, and what can be removed is the suchness, but not<br />

the being, thus the permanent existence <strong>of</strong> that which has being. The latter can be transferred<br />

<strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> other worlds, but not outside <strong>of</strong> the universe. This is, with the love <strong>of</strong> L <strong>to</strong> <strong>all</strong> living<br />

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eings, the reason for their eternal life. Even if the solution <strong>of</strong> a problem consists in our<br />

death, L always has ready a solution acceptable <strong>to</strong> us.<br />

All life is geared <strong>to</strong> development and has L as highest and ultimate goal. The problems end<br />

just as little as their solutions. Therefore, it is imperative <strong>to</strong> solve the proper and important<br />

problems, if we want a happy and fulfilling life for as many as possible, and an L-worthy<br />

status <strong>of</strong> the world. Unfortunately, far <strong>to</strong>o many creatures choose <strong>to</strong> solve the wrong and irrelevant<br />

problems.<br />

This leads <strong>to</strong> the unworthy status <strong>of</strong> unnecessary misery and suffering in the world. The<br />

world is admittedly equitable from L, but ze and we would certainly prefer if the unworthy<br />

status would be removed. The freedom <strong>of</strong> the creatures freely <strong>to</strong> choose between good and<br />

evil and <strong>to</strong> be free <strong>to</strong> decide for or against L puts the fate in our hands. We cannot expect L<br />

<strong>to</strong> constrain us <strong>to</strong> our happiness, because this is not possible.<br />

The constraint entails suffering from it and from the unfreedom. Freedom is essential precondition<br />

for fulfilment and happiness. By the deterministic circle and various other security<br />

mechanisms such as the conscience, the freedom is, however, also not overestimated. Not<br />

everything is possible for us, and that is possible what we unfortunately have <strong>to</strong> experience,<br />

speaks volumes about our failure. We have continu<strong>all</strong>y <strong>to</strong> refine ourselves.<br />

We should not wait until the problems approach us, but wonder which are the most important<br />

ones, and approach them first. In a well working relationship with L, this succeeds best, since<br />

the divine <strong>all</strong>ows for the right view on the world and the own life. Only if we learned <strong>to</strong> get rid<br />

<strong>of</strong> the delusions our world <strong>of</strong>fers, we can recognise that what re<strong>all</strong>y matters.<br />

Who knows why something is the way it is, because ze got <strong>to</strong> know this from the highest<br />

level, or reconstructed it, can much easier solve the pending problems than the one who assumes<br />

the wrong presuppositions. It is the change <strong>of</strong> communication with L and <strong>of</strong> refining<br />

oneself, which brings about the true success. The wrong ways are quickly identified as such,<br />

even if this requires being hard against oneself.<br />

Success requires effort, since effortless endeavour makes in the long run discontent because<br />

it represents an unjustified reward, which produces unhealthy expectations. Only by the probation<br />

in the ups and downs <strong>of</strong> life happiness and fulfilment arise. The standards <strong>to</strong> oneself<br />

are <strong>to</strong> be applied sufficiently high, since otherwise the necessary for the success is missed. L<br />

helps willingly, but ze does not prefer unjustifiably.<br />

Ze does also not discriminate against, but the (karma-) balance must be right. Then the most<br />

works as per se, because the right balance is established. Who demands <strong>to</strong>o much <strong>of</strong> oneself<br />

will fail as well as with demanding <strong>to</strong>o little. It is important <strong>to</strong> build up the structural<br />

knowledge that gives sufficient problem-solving competence. For this purpose, one should<br />

neither think <strong>to</strong>o sm<strong>all</strong> nor <strong>to</strong>o big. The right measure determines our life in every area.<br />

Since every life is individual, also individual solutions are <strong>to</strong> be found for its problems, even if<br />

many <strong>of</strong> them may be generalisable. We thus do not get around the own performance, how<br />

<strong>of</strong>ten we may be helped as well. Since it is inappropriate <strong>to</strong> bother L and others with something<br />

that we can solve (possibly much better), we should attach great importance <strong>to</strong> our<br />

au<strong>to</strong>nomy. It also increases our contentment.<br />

In building up the structural(ly opening up) knowledge, it is important <strong>to</strong> practise sufficient<br />

hygiene <strong>of</strong> knowledge <strong>to</strong> maintain a high efficiency. Who every time has <strong>to</strong> clear the way<br />

through mountains <strong>of</strong> junk knowledge comes correspondingly slowly <strong>to</strong> useful results. Therefore,<br />

the philosophical effort cannot be spared <strong>to</strong> link with the (chief) terms precise and powerful<br />

definitions.<br />

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It is advisable <strong>to</strong> remain flexible enough <strong>to</strong> be able <strong>to</strong> integrate usefully new and better results.<br />

In this way, one can spare many inefficient creativity techniques, since continual rethinking<br />

leads best <strong>to</strong> the goal. The spadework may admittedly <strong>see</strong>m sophisticated. But if<br />

one does not perform it, the quality <strong>of</strong> the results suffers significantly. Ultimately, successful<br />

problem-solving is a permanent rating <strong>of</strong> the relevant information.<br />

Freedom from value judgment therefore goes along with a devalorisation <strong>of</strong> values, and thus<br />

<strong>of</strong> the results. It is the reason that a lot <strong>of</strong> worthless knowledge is produced. It is admittedly<br />

true that a sufficient diversity is necessary, but not at any price. Who neglects the values,<br />

becomes guilty <strong>of</strong> the losers <strong>of</strong> this approach, and thus collects a lot <strong>of</strong> bad karma. One does<br />

not do oneself a service <strong>to</strong> proceed this way.<br />

The values control the substantial binding. This provides for the binding <strong>of</strong> sm<strong>all</strong> different<br />

substances <strong>to</strong> the most important information packets. So it is sufficient, if a specific substance<br />

is transported in the brain, instead <strong>of</strong> a specific information packet. The substance<br />

can then be easily converted at the processing instances, according <strong>to</strong> the rules, <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> audi<strong>to</strong>ry,<br />

visual and other signals and information units.<br />

The outsourcing <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> specialised (and networked) processing units may bring, simulating this,<br />

significant progress <strong>to</strong> computer technology, especi<strong>all</strong>y if these have fast (par<strong>all</strong>el) accessible<br />

solving-value tables available, which summarise several computational steps <strong>to</strong> one. The<br />

distributed computing can help us much, especi<strong>all</strong>y if the space <strong>of</strong> conception is widely<br />

mapped <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> computers.<br />

The substantial binding is individual and can be influenced by training. It explains why, for<br />

example, some humans have an excellent memory for numbers, and others have not. By<br />

dealing with certain things, man builds up corresponding individual structures in the brain that<br />

are specialised for zer. The quality <strong>of</strong> these structures determines zis individual problemsolving<br />

competence.<br />

Admittedly, certain intelligence is helpful and necessary. Much more decisive is, however,<br />

with what one deals, how and for what purpose. Ultimately, it is tenacity, endurance and rigour<br />

against oneself that determine how successful one is. The concordance with L is the decisive<br />

criterion <strong>to</strong> be on the right side. Not perfectness and perfection are decisive, but the<br />

appropriate approach.<br />

One must know zis limits in order <strong>to</strong> be able <strong>to</strong> transcend them appropriately. It is admittedly<br />

right <strong>to</strong> drop also less important (<strong>of</strong> oneself), but one does not get around the essential<br />

things. This means also <strong>to</strong> reach a sufficient width and depth <strong>of</strong> knowledge. Why one should<br />

miss unnecessarily the most beautiful moments and things <strong>of</strong> life? Here, one should not be<br />

afraid <strong>to</strong> set up one's own rating.<br />

The judgment and the criticism <strong>of</strong> others are admittedly important, but one is held liable before<br />

L for one's own rating. Even L will abstain opposite <strong>to</strong> one with zis view <strong>of</strong> things, since<br />

zer knowledge is absolute and far ahead <strong>of</strong> our time. Ze is therefore shy with respect <strong>to</strong> us,<br />

since ze wants <strong>to</strong> avoid an unjustified preference or disadvantage. Everyone should be<br />

aware <strong>of</strong> zis own f<strong>all</strong>ibility. It is intended by L.<br />

But it is also inevitable if there sh<strong>all</strong> be development and progress. One can admittedly secure<br />

zis solution according <strong>to</strong> the various (scientific) criteria, but there is no absolute security.<br />

The presuppositions <strong>of</strong> knowledge are world-specific and different in other worlds, including<br />

in subsequent worlds, for many things. What may have here a high value must have it there<br />

nowhere near, except for L.<br />

L solved any problem that can occur in our world in advance. Therefore, our performance is<br />

always only a rediscovery, so great and relevant it also may be for us. We should always be<br />

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aware <strong>of</strong> this <strong>to</strong> view the things properly. The L-worthy status is important; the solution <strong>of</strong><br />

(complicated) problems is less. Both are admittedly mutu<strong>all</strong>y dependent partly, but it depends<br />

on the right priority.<br />

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Knowledge Representation<br />

How knowledge is optim<strong>all</strong>y developed and filtered? How is it optim<strong>all</strong>y represented?<br />

Knowledge consists <strong>of</strong> things and their relations among themselves. Mathematic<strong>all</strong>y, it can<br />

be represented by elements and relations. If a thing is not further "reducible" after an abstraction<br />

process, let it be about a substance. The decomposition in substances is not unique.<br />

Result <strong>of</strong> decomposition can e.g. be the one and the indivisible. It should be worked therefore<br />

with scientific<strong>all</strong>y examined standards. These can follow existing languages.<br />

Fundamental things are conceived as conditions - mathematic<strong>all</strong>y as axioms. Used definitions<br />

are <strong>to</strong> be explicated - mathematic<strong>all</strong>y as definitions. Statements - which are with sufficient<br />

depth mathematical sentences - can summarised be made in such a way. The statements<br />

are provided according <strong>to</strong> rules. The rules are likewise conditions. Mathematic<strong>all</strong>y is<br />

proven by sentences according <strong>to</strong> (pro<strong>of</strong>) rules.<br />

While presuppositions should be always true, statements can be also wrong or <strong>to</strong> a certain<br />

percentage true - mathematic<strong>all</strong>y probability. Gener<strong>all</strong>y, numbers from an interval (e.g. the<br />

substance temperature or the day) can be assigned <strong>to</strong> things. One c<strong>all</strong>s this scaling. Also the<br />

assignment <strong>of</strong> vec<strong>to</strong>r spaces is meaningful (particularly with substances like e.g. space or<br />

colour).<br />

The scaling does not have <strong>to</strong> be made by real intervals in order <strong>to</strong> create a continuum. There<br />

are also finite continuums. These do not have a "gap" between two (number) points. Points<br />

are indivisible thereby and have an undifferentiated expansion. Our entire world is fin<strong>all</strong>y presentable.<br />

This is not provable since we can think nor measure the infinity. Also as axiom<br />

must apply that the world splits at each time <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> further ones after the laws (<strong>of</strong> nature).<br />

The presuppositions and statements should be selected in such a way that they are as general<br />

and comprehensive as possible, so that there are as few ones as possible and the<br />

knowledge remains manageable. Probability <strong>of</strong> the truth should be indicated as far as possible<br />

as a function <strong>of</strong> the main unit. Possibly it is <strong>to</strong> be estimated. As projection we receive the<br />

usual statements. Also hypotheses can be selected as presuppositions (possibly probability<br />

50%).<br />

Relations can be requested by a (relational and/or object-oriented) data base. This can be<br />

done fast if suitable indices exist (if necessary, as binary trees, as represented in "informatics").<br />

Central and large data bases can receive inquiries after individual pr<strong>of</strong>iles. For the<br />

marking out <strong>of</strong> the data, suitable on<strong>to</strong>logys can be used in order <strong>to</strong> implement methods like<br />

e.g. inheritance.<br />

How is knowledge s<strong>to</strong>red?<br />

There is a par<strong>all</strong>el increase and decrease <strong>of</strong> information through births and entering <strong>of</strong> new<br />

substances and through death and elimination <strong>of</strong> substances (e.g. diseases, extinction <strong>of</strong><br />

species) in our world. The latter is thus an open system. Each brain builds up an individual<br />

reference system (<strong>to</strong> substances), which can exist independently <strong>of</strong> matter: matter does not<br />

suffice at <strong>all</strong> <strong>to</strong> describe it completely. The part <strong>of</strong> the brain, accessible <strong>to</strong> us, is the functional<br />

one: What must be materi<strong>all</strong>y given so that the brain can work?<br />

The individuality <strong>of</strong> the reference system consists in the selection and quality <strong>of</strong> the substances<br />

and references. So the substance goal is e.g. for the one the over<strong>all</strong> goal <strong>of</strong> life, for<br />

the other the highest individual happiness. The reference system is also languagedependent.<br />

While a computer, up <strong>to</strong> now, knows only rules <strong>to</strong> denominate substances, man<br />

has direct access <strong>to</strong> substances. It makes no sense <strong>to</strong> tie certain molecule forms <strong>to</strong> certain<br />

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substances since substances have an own life (for example, in the form substance P is always<br />

goal).<br />

The real awareness is not encoded materi<strong>all</strong>y, although the brain regions are involved. Not<br />

the sensual connotations, but the references and substances are crucial. The soul cannot be<br />

destroyed materi<strong>all</strong>y because it is immaterial (references and substances). It cannot be located<br />

materi<strong>all</strong>y. Since the potential activities <strong>of</strong> the mind are illimitable, but the awareness is<br />

finite, the determinism is needed. The extensive orientation by the basic needs is indeed<br />

possible, but inadequate since man wants <strong>to</strong> be satisfied ment<strong>all</strong>y and emotion<strong>all</strong>y.<br />

Since man cannot determine himself due <strong>to</strong> zis insufficient skills, only L or the divine instance<br />

are qualified for this. This is not a makeweight function, but crucial for the whole issue: Everyone<br />

is experiencing the meaningful <strong>to</strong> zer. However, it is a mutual process in that the person<br />

has a decisive part: Ze determines by zer behaviour how L or the divine instance can<br />

accommodate zer. Every creature and also the divine instances orientate themselves upwards.<br />

Only L at the <strong>to</strong>p has <strong>all</strong> liberties, which also make a successful life possible <strong>to</strong> zer.<br />

How is knowledge <strong>to</strong> represent?<br />

It is important, first <strong>to</strong> figure out what knowledge is important at <strong>all</strong>, and one gets <strong>to</strong> know this<br />

best in a relationship with L. Presupposition is that one views the world right and positions<br />

oneself properly in it. Who attaches importance <strong>to</strong> <strong>to</strong>o many things that have none will fail in<br />

this world more or less. Then is <strong>to</strong> consider what contribution oneself can make <strong>to</strong> knowledge<br />

representation. It depends on talent.<br />

Knowledge representation presupposes always assessments on the status <strong>of</strong> knowledge.<br />

Here should the own self should be as possible excluded and priority given <strong>to</strong> the things<br />

themselves and the importance they have for others. If one has collected knowledge according<br />

<strong>to</strong> priority, it is <strong>to</strong> edit and represent according <strong>to</strong> its relevance. The most important content<br />

belongs at the beginning, the least important at the end <strong>of</strong> the whole.<br />

Knowledge is <strong>to</strong> represent adapted <strong>to</strong> the target group. It is therefore necessary <strong>to</strong> be exactly<br />

clear about this. The higher the level <strong>of</strong> the target group, the shorter one can make it, and<br />

vice versa. The increasing intelligence <strong>of</strong> the population makes it possible <strong>to</strong> focus more and<br />

more on the actual message. An appropriate comment can take over a clarifying representation<br />

for the less intelligent.<br />

Who works at the highest level, may also represent at the highest level. However, this must<br />

be based on a realistic and verifiable assessment. The highest level is most condensed and<br />

<strong>of</strong> the highest expressiveness and universality. This will be only achieved from a very good<br />

relationship with L. Many quotations and examples cannot be found here, but an original representation,<br />

which reflects the greatly the divinity <strong>of</strong> L.<br />

Who works at a lower level should also try <strong>to</strong> acquit zerself as well as it goes. It is not about<br />

creating the greatest possible extent, but as much quality as possible. Recipients take with<br />

good reason <strong>of</strong>fence when they are crushed with mass, which is <strong>of</strong> low quality. A unobjectionable<br />

line <strong>of</strong> argument should be a matter <strong>of</strong> course. One can contribute <strong>all</strong> the qualities<br />

from the relationship with L.<br />

A critical self view avoids making unnecessary mistakes. Before publishing, the representation<br />

should be carefully counter-checked and corrected, if necessary. The means <strong>of</strong> an attractive<br />

and education<strong>all</strong>y well constructed representation should be used. A timeless representation<br />

is preferable <strong>to</strong> a fashion-specific one, if the effect should persist for a longer period,<br />

or a frequent adjustment is <strong>to</strong> be avoided.<br />

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The more important a representation is, the larger and more carefully the circle is <strong>to</strong> choose<br />

who should be entrusted with the publication. Only a good translation preserves the quality, if<br />

it should be necessary. All parties involved must be well coordinated, possibly by a qualifiedly<br />

controlled project. Who has not <strong>to</strong> live from zis publication, will also demand no price. If<br />

ze does it anyway, it is <strong>to</strong> make as low as possible.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 91 <strong>of</strong> 154


Physics<br />

Below oscillations, as result <strong>of</strong> Jugend forscht 1983, an approximate formula, derived by differentiation,<br />

for the periodic time <strong>of</strong> selected oscillations <strong>of</strong> a mass point in the plane is deduced,<br />

which avoids the exact but cumbersome integration. The periodic time for the<br />

mathematical pendulum is experiment<strong>all</strong>y checked. For the universe, the cube and the<br />

sphere model isomorphic <strong>to</strong> it are presented.<br />

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Oscillations<br />

Youth researches 1983<br />

Subject area physics<br />

A novel method for the determination <strong>of</strong> the periodic time <strong>of</strong> the mathematical pendulum with<br />

large amplitudes and the discussion for the applicability on other selected oscillations <strong>of</strong> the<br />

plane<br />

Compiled by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> (18),<br />

Theodor-Heuss-Gymnasium in Göttingen<br />

Abstract <strong>of</strong> the present paper<br />

The oscillation period <strong>of</strong> mass points on curved oscillation ways in the vertical plane - like<br />

e.g. the mathematical pendulum and the cycloid pendulum -, is <strong>to</strong> be computed in the present<br />

paper in a simpler way than so far.<br />

Most <strong>of</strong> these oscillation periods are - if the mass point on the oscillation way is far from the<br />

rest position, whose lowest point - dependent on this distance, which makes the computation<br />

more difficult gener<strong>all</strong>y.<br />

In order <strong>to</strong> be able <strong>to</strong> compute an <strong>of</strong> this distance, the amplitude, independent periodic time,<br />

one must know except the mass only the direction parameter, the quotient from repelling<br />

force and corresponding amplitude respectively direction way.<br />

This knowledge is extended and applied in this paper <strong>to</strong> the oscillation period dependent on<br />

its amplitude.<br />

Here parti<strong>all</strong>y differences result <strong>to</strong> the conventional methods - by the example <strong>of</strong> the mathematical<br />

pendulum up <strong>to</strong> at the most one per cent with 90° <strong>of</strong> amplitude - partly do not as by<br />

the example <strong>of</strong> the cycloid pendulum however. To the likewise treated ellipse pendulum no<br />

literature data could be found.<br />

In the experimental part the calculated periodic time for the mathematical pendulum in consideration<br />

<strong>of</strong> the sources <strong>of</strong> error and the measuring accuracy could be confirmed.<br />

The author comes <strong>to</strong> the conclusion that the independently developed procedure could by <strong>all</strong><br />

means be used in physics.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 93 <strong>of</strong> 154


Table <strong>of</strong> contents<br />

1.<br />

1.1.<br />

1.2.<br />

2.<br />

2.1.<br />

2.1.1.<br />

2.1.2.<br />

2.1.3.<br />

2.1.4.<br />

2.2.<br />

2.2.1.<br />

2.2.2.<br />

2.3.<br />

2.4.<br />

3.<br />

3.1.<br />

4.<br />

Introduction<br />

Reason and Basic Idea<br />

Presuppositions<br />

Main Part<br />

Theoretical Solution <strong>of</strong> the Problem<br />

General Solution<br />

The Mathematical Pendulum<br />

The Cycloid Pendulum<br />

The Ellipse Pendulum<br />

Experiment <strong>to</strong> the Mathematical Pendulum<br />

Experimental Setup<br />

Test Procedure and Results<br />

Calculations <strong>of</strong> Errors<br />

Discussion<br />

Conclusion<br />

Critical Appreciation <strong>of</strong> the Paper<br />

Appendix<br />

- Figures<br />

- Auxiliary Calculations<br />

- Test devices<br />

- Tables<br />

5. Bibliography<br />

1. Introduction<br />

1.1. Reason and Basic Idea<br />

The periodic time <strong>of</strong> the mathematical pendulum with large amplitudes was determined so far<br />

by quite difficult procedures <strong>of</strong> the infinitesimal analysis and series expansion. The in the<br />

present paper developed new procedure for the determination <strong>of</strong> the periodic time for selected<br />

oscillations <strong>of</strong> the plane is <strong>to</strong> simplify the calculation method on the one hand, in addition<br />

be compared regarding his accuracy by two examples with the old procedure.<br />

Basic idea is the simultaneous simulation <strong>of</strong> the respective pendulum oscillation by a<br />

straight-lined harmonic oscillation (spring pendulum, oscilla<strong>to</strong>r).<br />

1.2. Presuppositions<br />

All selected oscillations emanate from a mass point, which is <strong>to</strong> swing in the vertical plane at<br />

a thread without mass around a fix point. The pendulum thread may be pulled <strong>to</strong> the side<br />

here - <strong>see</strong>n from the rest position - at the most by 90°, since the maxim<strong>all</strong>y repelling force<br />

must lie in the initial height, in which no additional acceleration is <strong>to</strong> arise.<br />

In order <strong>to</strong> prevent a free f<strong>all</strong>, otherwise bars would have <strong>to</strong> be used instead <strong>of</strong> threads,<br />

which could however not (as necessary) be huddled against evolutes <strong>of</strong> the oscillation ways.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 94 <strong>of</strong> 154


Despite the huddling against for simplification the length <strong>of</strong> the pendulum in rest position is<br />

assumed.<br />

The radius <strong>of</strong> curvature <strong>of</strong> the oscillation way must remain either constant from the rest position<br />

or be continuously reduced, so that a free f<strong>all</strong> is likewise prevented.<br />

Friction and damping aspects are <strong>to</strong> be neglected.<br />

Otherwise further computations are necessary for the periodic time, which would go however<br />

beyond the scope <strong>of</strong> this paper.<br />

2. Main Part<br />

2.1. Theoretical Solution <strong>of</strong> the Problem<br />

2.1.1. General Solution<br />

The periodic time <strong>of</strong> a harmonic oscillation is given by:<br />

m<br />

(a)T �2 � . D<br />

After the principle <strong>of</strong> conservation <strong>of</strong> energy holds:<br />

(b) ½ m v 2 = ½ D s 2 = m g h.<br />

During an oscillation form the potential energy Wpot and the kinetic energy Wkin the constant<br />

sum:<br />

(c) Wpot + Wkin = Wpot 0 .<br />

Wpot 0 is <strong>to</strong> be expressed now by the tension energy Wten, in order <strong>to</strong> determine a direction<br />

parameter D(�0), dependent on the amplitude. D(�0) is <strong>to</strong> be inserted then <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the formula<br />

(a) for the determination <strong>of</strong> the periodic time.<br />

In addition an ersatz movement <strong>of</strong> the mass m is necessary by force F on the direction way<br />

s. It applies:<br />

(d) D = F/s (Hooke's law) and<br />

(e)F �ma �ml � �New<strong>to</strong>n �.<br />

In the further one always harks back <strong>to</strong> the direction parameter D <strong>of</strong> the plane thread pendulum<br />

with minimum amplitude. Here applies <strong>to</strong> the repelling and <strong>to</strong> the oscillation way tangential<br />

force FR, since the normal force is compensated by the tension force <strong>of</strong> the thread (1, 2):<br />

(f)FR �mgsin � �� ml � .<br />

From this follows:<br />

g<br />

(g) �� sin � . l<br />

For sm<strong>all</strong>est amplitude angles � sin� can be replaced by �, and the conditions apply <strong>to</strong> the<br />

harmonic oscillation. Therefore is:<br />

2<br />

(h)�� � �<br />

and from (g) follows:<br />

Thus applies:<br />

g<br />

(i) �� . l<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 95 <strong>of</strong> 154


© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 96 <strong>of</strong> 154<br />

2<br />

g<br />

l<br />

(j)D � m� � m .<br />

For larger amplitudes the direction parameter D must consist <strong>of</strong> the product <strong>of</strong> the direction<br />

parameter for the harmonic oscillation with a function value f(�0) <strong>of</strong> the amplitude angle �<br />

determining the inharmonic oscillation.<br />

One writes:<br />

g � l �<br />

(k)D( � ) � m f( � ).<br />

0 0<br />

The function value f(�0) is not however defined for the harmonic condition <strong>of</strong> the energy theorem,<br />

so that it must cancel itself during an introduction. With s = x l applies:<br />

f( �0<br />

)mxg 2<br />

(xl)<br />

1<br />

(l) xl � mgh.<br />

2 f( � )<br />

0<br />

Hereby the not changing direction way s can be computed by the energy theorem, if one assigns<br />

the function value f(�0) <strong>to</strong> the repelling force FR. With<br />

arises for the direction way:<br />

� �<br />

1 g 2<br />

2 l<br />

m s mgh �<br />

(m)s � 2lh.<br />

The repelling force FR must be developed thus independently <strong>of</strong> the energy theorem. It is<br />

rather fixed by the initial oscillation as the in the initial height <strong>of</strong> the oscillation way tangential<br />

attacking and thus maxim<strong>all</strong>y repelling force. From<br />

one obtains the periodic time with (a) and (d):<br />

(n) FR = (-) m a<br />

2lh<br />

(o)T �2 � .<br />

a<br />

Concretely the direction way s represents with (m) the chord <strong>of</strong> a circle with the radius l.<br />

Since this circle is circle <strong>of</strong> curvature for the rest position <strong>of</strong> the oscillation way, this chord<br />

must lead from one point <strong>of</strong> the circular path in the initial height h <strong>to</strong> the rest position.<br />

The simplest form <strong>of</strong> an oscillation way which aligns with the circle <strong>of</strong> curvature and possesses<br />

a punctiform evolute is those <strong>of</strong> the mathematical pendulum (fig. 1). This is <strong>to</strong> be first<br />

treated therefore.<br />

2.1.2. The Mathematical Pendulum<br />

From fig. 1 one obtains for the direction way s:<br />

�0<br />

� 2 �<br />

s � 2sin l.<br />

With (f) applies <strong>to</strong> the maxim<strong>all</strong>y repelling force FR:


The periodic time is with (a) and (d) therefore:<br />

2.1.3. The Cycloid Pendulum<br />

FR = (-) m g sinφ0.<br />

l<br />

T �2 � .<br />

cos g<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 97 <strong>of</strong> 154<br />

�0<br />

� 2 �<br />

To the common cycloid (fig. 2) the parameter equation (2) applies:<br />

For the radius <strong>of</strong> curvature � one obtains:<br />

x = a (� - sin�) und y = a (cos� - 1).<br />

� � 2 �<br />

�� 4asin .<br />

Since the angles � increase from the initial height h <strong>to</strong> the rest position with � = � respectively<br />

the sine decreases from �/2 after exceeding <strong>of</strong> the rest position <strong>to</strong> the reversal point again,<br />

the conditions for the computation <strong>of</strong> the periodic time are fulfilled.<br />

The initial height is:<br />

If one inserts h in (m), applies with l = 4 a:<br />

h = 2 a + y = a (cos�0 + 1).<br />

� �<br />

cos � �1 �<br />

2 2<br />

0 0<br />

s �l� cos l.<br />

Since the tangential acceleration bt works always vertic<strong>all</strong>y <strong>to</strong> the radius <strong>of</strong> curvature �, one<br />

obtains for it:<br />

�0<br />

� �<br />

b �� cos g.<br />

t 2<br />

If �0 = 0 holds, then bt = g holds, if �0 = � holds, then bt = 0 holds. Therefore must hold the<br />

multiplier alpha = 1 and apply:<br />

With (o) arises fin<strong>all</strong>y for the periodic time:<br />

�0<br />

� �<br />

b �� cos g.<br />

t 2<br />

l T �2 � . g<br />

This was already proven before by Huygens centuries ago.<br />

2.1.4. The Ellipse Pendulum<br />

To the ellipse (fig. 3) the parameter equation (3) applies:


2 2<br />

x y<br />

� � 1.<br />

2 2<br />

a b<br />

For the radius <strong>of</strong> curvature � results after differentiation (<strong>see</strong> appendix):<br />

��<br />

� � 3<br />

4 2 2 2 2 2<br />

a �ax�bx From the rest position with x = 0 <strong>to</strong> the reversal points x increases, and since a 2 x 2 > b 2 x 2<br />

holds, the radius <strong>of</strong> curvature is continuously reduced. In the rest position � is therefore:<br />

With<br />

the initial height h is:<br />

� � �<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 98 <strong>of</strong> 154<br />

4<br />

ab<br />

2<br />

a<br />

l .<br />

b<br />

x<br />

y � �b 1� a<br />

2<br />

2<br />

� 2 �<br />

x<br />

h � b � y � b�1�1 � �.<br />

� 2<br />

a �<br />

� �<br />

With (m) arises therefore for the direction way s:<br />

2 2<br />

� �<br />

s � 2a a � a � x .<br />

Thus the direction way is independent <strong>of</strong> the semi-minor axis <strong>of</strong> the ellipse. The tangential<br />

acceleration bt is (after fig. 3):<br />

With (o) one obtains for the periodic time:<br />

bxg<br />

bt � cos� g �<br />

.<br />

4 2 2 2 2<br />

a �ax�bx .<br />

� �<br />

4 2 2 2 2 2 2<br />

a � a x � b x 2a a � a � x<br />

T �2 �<br />

bxg<br />

.<br />

For x = 0 the periodic time is not defined, for very sm<strong>all</strong> x applies however:<br />

2<br />

a l<br />

T � 2� � 2 � .<br />

bg g<br />

For x = a the proposition results: The periodic time on an ellipse with maximum amplitude is<br />

independent <strong>of</strong> the semi-minor axis.<br />

2.2. Experiment <strong>to</strong> the Mathematical Pendulum


For temporal reasons the experimental part was limited <strong>to</strong> the mathematical pendulum. Not<br />

only making <strong>of</strong> evolutes would be on the other hand very complex, but during the cycloid respectively<br />

ellipse oscillation also larger sources <strong>of</strong> error would be opened. To this the difficulty<br />

belongs <strong>to</strong> let the pendulum swing exactly <strong>to</strong> the evolute, since already after few oscillations<br />

the pendulum leaves the vertical plane. In addition impulse respectively friction forces<br />

arises with the beginning <strong>of</strong> the swinging and in the support, which with large amplitudes the<br />

respective pendulum let become the mathematical pendulum.<br />

The latter can be regarded therefore as part for the whole.<br />

2.2.1. Experimental Setup<br />

Two bars <strong>of</strong> a meter are connected with a third and four sleeves and pushed symmetric<strong>all</strong>y<br />

through two ceiling hooks. In the centre addition<strong>all</strong>y a protrac<strong>to</strong>r and the support for the pendulum<br />

thread <strong>of</strong> 1.60 m length are fastened.<br />

An air cushion lane is placed in such a way par<strong>all</strong>el <strong>to</strong> it on the bench that its centre is vertic<strong>all</strong>y<br />

under the point <strong>of</strong> the protrac<strong>to</strong>r. An on the centre placed lane carriage <strong>of</strong> 0.2 kg mass<br />

is clamped in such a way by two springs that between the clamping at the end <strong>of</strong> the bench<br />

and the carriage a direction parameter <strong>of</strong> 2 N/m prevails.<br />

A s<strong>to</strong>p watch is set up ready <strong>to</strong> hand by the initial height <strong>of</strong> the pendulum and the carriage.<br />

An illustration <strong>to</strong> the experiment is on the title page. In the appendix also <strong>all</strong> used devices are<br />

specified.<br />

2.2.2. Test Procedure and Results<br />

First was convinced by the independence <strong>of</strong> the periodic time <strong>of</strong> the mass <strong>of</strong> the pendulum,<br />

as once one approx. 5 kg heavy b<strong>all</strong>, another time the lane carriage weighted on 1 kg <strong>of</strong><br />

mass were fastened <strong>to</strong> the pendulum thread. The difference <strong>of</strong> the measured periodic time<br />

amounted <strong>to</strong> hundredths a second on each <strong>of</strong> the ten periods.<br />

During the simulation <strong>of</strong> the mathematical pendulum by the harmonic oscilla<strong>to</strong>r the time difference<br />

per oscillation amounted <strong>to</strong> 0.6 s (back and forth) with ten oscillations and 60° <strong>of</strong><br />

maximum amplitude <strong>of</strong> the pendulum.<br />

For the computation <strong>of</strong> the mass <strong>of</strong> the harmonic oscilla<strong>to</strong>r the formula was used:<br />

2lD<br />

m � .<br />

cos g<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 99 <strong>of</strong> 154<br />

�0<br />

� 2 �<br />

The latter can be determined directly from the periodic times for the two systems.<br />

Here the direction parameter D0 for the oscilla<strong>to</strong>r is the double <strong>of</strong> the spring constants equal<br />

in size <strong>of</strong> the used tension springs. The periodic time <strong>of</strong> the oscilla<strong>to</strong>r is therefore:<br />

m<br />

T �2 � (4).<br />

2D<br />

The periodic time <strong>of</strong> the mathematical pendulum calculated above is:


l<br />

T �2 � .<br />

cos g<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 100 <strong>of</strong> 154<br />

�0<br />

� 2 �<br />

The damping <strong>of</strong> the pendulum during a amplitude <strong>of</strong> 60° amounted <strong>to</strong> 1°, those <strong>of</strong> the oscilla<strong>to</strong>r<br />

0.01 m during a amplitude <strong>of</strong> 0.9 m.<br />

The measured values for amplitudes <strong>of</strong> the mathematical pendulum from 0° <strong>to</strong> 90° are specified<br />

in tab. 1 in the appendix.<br />

2.3. Computations <strong>of</strong> errors<br />

The periodic time <strong>of</strong> the mathematical pendulum became so far specified over the elliptical<br />

integral<br />

with<br />

(2):<br />

�<br />

2<br />

�<br />

0<br />

d�<br />

2 2<br />

1�ksin� 0 � 2 �<br />

k sin �<br />

�<br />

2 2 2 2<br />

13 � 4 13 � �5<br />

2<br />

� � � � � � � � � � �<br />

T � 2� 1� k � k � k � ... .<br />

l 1<br />

g 2 2 4 2 4 6<br />

In order <strong>to</strong> be able <strong>to</strong> compare directly with the new formula for the periodic time:<br />

the function value<br />

l<br />

T �2 � .<br />

cos g<br />

f( � ) �<br />

0<br />

�0<br />

� 2 �<br />

1<br />

0 � 2 �<br />

cos �<br />

is converted with the help <strong>of</strong> the series with |x| < 1:<br />

2 3<br />

p p(p �1)x (1� x) � 1� px �<br />

1� 2<br />

and the relationship:<br />

p(p �1)(p � 2)x<br />

�<br />

1� 2 � 3<br />

� ... (2)<br />

f( 0 )<br />

1<br />

4<br />

2<br />

1 sin 0 �<br />

� �<br />

�<br />

with<br />

<strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the comparison series:<br />

�0<br />

� 2 �<br />

� 2 �<br />

2 2<br />

x � �sin � � k<br />

2 2<br />

k 15 � k 15 � �9<br />

k<br />

� � � � � � � � � �<br />

2 4 6<br />

1 � � � � ...<br />

2 12 � 2 12 � �3<br />

2<br />

From this results that the two series correspond up <strong>to</strong> the first square member. If one divides<br />

the old by the new series and subtracts 1, then results the after the amount sm<strong>all</strong>er series <strong>of</strong><br />

the relative error:


1 4 1 6 231 8<br />

64 64 16384<br />

k � k � k � ... .<br />

If one divides in reverse with same subtraction, then the relative error is larger:<br />

1 4 1 6 235 8<br />

64 64 16384<br />

k � k � k � ... .<br />

The number <strong>of</strong> the absolute error arises as a result <strong>of</strong> subtraction <strong>of</strong> the old from the new<br />

series:<br />

1 4 5 6 335 8<br />

k � k � k � ... .<br />

64 256 16384<br />

The values for selected angles from 0° <strong>to</strong> 90° <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> series specified here are held in the appendix<br />

in tables.<br />

2.4. Discussion<br />

Here is once <strong>to</strong> think about the proportionalities arising in the formula:<br />

T �2� First it is <strong>to</strong> be noted that the direction way s is not proportional <strong>to</strong> the acceleration a <strong>of</strong> the<br />

repelling force FR, but the function value f(�0), contained in a, must be considered.<br />

The length <strong>of</strong> the oscillation way is adapted over the direction way: If the initial height h is<br />

very sm<strong>all</strong>, becomes the distance <strong>to</strong> cover on the oscillation way in y-direction and concomitantly<br />

the periodic time sm<strong>all</strong>er.<br />

If the oscillation way is very flat in addition, the sm<strong>all</strong> initial height confronts a large pendulum<br />

length, so that one obtains a mean for the length <strong>of</strong> the direction way, as it appears extra<br />

clearly with maximum amplitudes <strong>of</strong> the ellipse pendulum.<br />

With highly curved oscillation ways and large initial heights as with the mathematical pendulum<br />

the periodic time is relatively larger.<br />

In the direct proximity <strong>of</strong> the rest position the numerical values <strong>of</strong> direction way and acceleration<br />

cancel out, so that the direction way becomes the length l <strong>of</strong> the pendulum and the acceleration<br />

becomes the standard acceleration due <strong>to</strong> gravity g.<br />

In the rest position itself the periodic time is strictly taken not defined, because the initial<br />

height h and the acceleration a become there zero.<br />

The larger the acceleration a is, the sm<strong>all</strong>er is the periodic time, otherwise reverse conditions<br />

are present.<br />

These realisations could be relative well confirmed in the experiment <strong>to</strong> the mathematical<br />

pendulum.<br />

3. Conclusion<br />

In the review can be said that the real approach agrees not completely with in this for clarity<br />

reasons stated.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 101 <strong>of</strong> 154<br />

2lh<br />

a


Thus only the problem <strong>of</strong> the mathematical pendulum was solved and then a general problem<br />

solution was established. All periodic times were computed without knowledge <strong>of</strong> the<br />

periodic times indicated in the corresponding literature, their insight like the experiment <strong>to</strong>ok<br />

place only weeks later.<br />

The calculation method could be indeed very simplified and regarding the accuracy <strong>to</strong> the old<br />

procedure the margin <strong>of</strong> error <strong>of</strong> 0.01 respectively one per cent did not need <strong>to</strong> be exceeded.<br />

Here the ellipse pendulum could not be incorporated, since about its periodic time no literature<br />

data could be found.<br />

Most likely the margin <strong>of</strong> error will shift however upward, since the mathematical pendulum<br />

as special case <strong>of</strong> the ellipse pendulum, whose periodic time can be transferred with equal<br />

long semi axes <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> those <strong>of</strong> the mathematical pendulum, possesses already a deviation from<br />

scarcely one per cent with maximum amplitude in respect <strong>of</strong> its periodic time.<br />

The uncontradictedness <strong>of</strong> the periodic time <strong>of</strong> the cycloid pendulum <strong>to</strong> the literature data is<br />

however given.<br />

3.1. Critical Appreciation <strong>of</strong> the Paper<br />

Without doubt the evolutes problem is not yet completely solved. If one does not presuppose<br />

anymore the pendulum length in rest position, one must perhaps nevertheless hark back <strong>to</strong><br />

procedures <strong>of</strong> the infinitesimal analysis and series expansion, in order <strong>to</strong> obtain a larger accuracy.<br />

There<strong>to</strong> however is contradic<strong>to</strong>ry on the one hand the mathematical pendulum, on the other<br />

hand the Cycloid pendulum.<br />

With the first a distinct evolute is missing despite deviation, with the latter exists a deviation<br />

despite the presence <strong>of</strong> an evolute.<br />

Thus the new procedure must be considered as independent.<br />

The measurements <strong>to</strong> further periodic times than that <strong>of</strong> the mathematical pendulum unfortunately<br />

missing in this paper would afford a more exact clarifying <strong>of</strong> circumstances. Here<br />

however very high demands are <strong>to</strong> be made on the measuring accuracy and the run <strong>of</strong> the<br />

experiments.<br />

Al<strong>to</strong>gether the procedure developed in this paper requires a certain adjustment in the way <strong>of</strong><br />

thinking, yet it should be able <strong>to</strong> be applied due <strong>to</strong> the obtained good results in physics.<br />

4. Appendix<br />

Figures<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 102 <strong>of</strong> 154


© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 103 <strong>of</strong> 154


All constructions <strong>to</strong>ok place by (9).<br />

Auxiliary Calculations<br />

The general formula (3) applies for the radius <strong>of</strong> curvature:<br />

��<br />

� � 3<br />

2 2 2<br />

x � y<br />

xy � yx<br />

The common cycloid has the parameter equation (2):<br />

For<br />

one can write therefore<br />

With<br />

x = a (� - sin�) and y = a (cos� - 1).<br />

� � 3<br />

2 2 2<br />

x � y<br />

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2<br />

�a � 2cos �a � cos �a � sin �a � � �2a � 2cos � a �<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 104 <strong>of</strong> 154<br />

.<br />

3 3<br />

2 2<br />

2 2<br />

xy � yx � (a � cos� a)( �cos �a) � ( �sin �a)sin �a � a � cos� a<br />

applies thus <strong>to</strong> the radius <strong>of</strong> curvature �:<br />

� � 2 �<br />

� � 2a 2(1� cos �) � 4asin .<br />

If one writes with the ellipse temporarily: x = sin φ a and<br />

then arises:<br />

Thereby the radius <strong>of</strong> curvature is:<br />

2<br />

x y � �b 1� 2 � �cos � b,<br />

a<br />

xy � yx � cos� a(cos � b) � sin� b( �sin � a) � ab.<br />

��<br />

� � 3<br />

2 2 2 2 2<br />

cos � a � sin � b<br />

If one revokes the transformation, one obtains after extension <strong>of</strong> the fraction with a 3 for �:<br />

��<br />

ab<br />

� � 3<br />

4 2 2 2 2 2<br />

a �ax�bx The evolute <strong>of</strong> the common cycloid is likewise a cycloid with same a (5). To the evolute for<br />

the ellipse applies however (6):<br />

2 2 3<br />

(a � b )cos t<br />

��<br />

a<br />

And<br />

4<br />

ab<br />

.<br />

.


with x = a cos t and y = b sin t.<br />

��<br />

2 2 3<br />

(a � b )sin t<br />

b<br />

In order <strong>to</strong> be able <strong>to</strong> compute the tangential acceleration bt <strong>of</strong> the ellipse, the following initial<br />

considerations are necessary:<br />

From this follows directly:<br />

For<br />

one can write after extending with<br />

2 2<br />

a � x q<br />

tan � � � .<br />

x 2 2<br />

a � x<br />

2 2<br />

a � x<br />

q � .<br />

x<br />

cos�<br />

�<br />

y<br />

�<br />

y<br />

q y<br />

�a �<br />

�<br />

� x<br />

x<br />

�<br />

�<br />

�<br />

2 2<br />

�<br />

2<br />

2 2<br />

ax<br />

2 2<br />

a � x<br />

bx<br />

cos ��<br />

.<br />

4 2 2 2 2<br />

a �ax�bx © 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 105 <strong>of</strong> 154<br />

� y<br />

To convert the formula for the periodic time <strong>of</strong> the ellipse pendulum:<br />

T �2� 2<br />

� �<br />

4 2 2 2 2 2 2<br />

a � a x � b x 2a a � a � x<br />

<strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> those <strong>of</strong> the mathematical pendulum, let x = sin(�0) a and a = b = 1. Thus applies:<br />

Therefore fin<strong>all</strong>y is:<br />

bxg<br />

� 2<br />

2<br />

x �<br />

a 2�1� 1� �<br />

� 2<br />

a �<br />

l 2(1�cos �0)<br />

� �<br />

T � 2� � 2 �<br />

.<br />

xg sin� g<br />

l<br />

T �2 �<br />

.<br />

cos g<br />

�0<br />

� 2 �<br />

0


Test devices<br />

2 table clamps for the bench with two holders for the springs<br />

2 1 m long tension springs with a spring constant <strong>of</strong> approx. 2 N/m and a diameter <strong>of</strong><br />

approx. 0.01 m<br />

1 2 m long air cushion lane with air regula<strong>to</strong>r<br />

2 lane carriages with blind and external hook <strong>of</strong> each 0.2 kg <strong>of</strong> mass<br />

1 sphere mass <strong>of</strong> approx. 5 kg <strong>of</strong> mass<br />

1 pendulum thread <strong>of</strong> at the most 1.60 m length<br />

1 s<strong>to</strong>p watch<br />

2 ceiling hooks<br />

1 up <strong>to</strong> 2 m extendable support with holder<br />

7 Sleeves<br />

7 bars with twice 1 m, once 0.6 m, twice 0.5 m, once 0.1 m and once 0.2 m length as angle<br />

bars<br />

1 clamp for protrac<strong>to</strong>r with sm<strong>all</strong> piece <strong>of</strong> wood<br />

1 protrac<strong>to</strong>r<br />

1 adhesive tape<br />

as well as various burden weights<br />

Tables<br />

Tab. 1<br />

�0/° Texp/s Tthn/s Ttha/s �Tan/% �Taa/%<br />

90 2.95 3.02 3.00 2.26 1.52<br />

80 2.87 2.90 2.89 1.02 0.58<br />

70 2.78 2.80 2.80 0.86 0.61<br />

60 2.72 2.73 2.72 0.26 0.13<br />

50 2.65 2.67 2.66 0.60 0.54<br />

40 2.61 2.62 2.62 0.31 0.29<br />

30 2.58 2.58 2.58 0.09 0.08<br />

20 2.55 2.56 2.56 0.29 0.29<br />

10 2.52 2.54 2.54 0.90 0.90<br />

5 2.51 2.54 2.54 1.15 1.15<br />

Texp = experiment<strong>all</strong>y determined periodic time (average values)<br />

Tthn = theoretical periodic time by the new procedure<br />

Ttha = theoretical periodic time by the old procedure<br />

�Tan = absolute difference <strong>of</strong> Texp and Tthn with Tthn as reference value<br />

�Taa = absolute difference <strong>of</strong> Texp and Ttha with Ttha as reference value<br />

Here are:<br />

l = 1.60 m<br />

g = 9,80665 m/s 2<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 106 <strong>of</strong> 154


Tab. 2<br />

�0/° f(T0)n f(T0)a �f(T0)rkl �f(T0)rgr �f(T0)a<br />

90 1.18921 1.18034 0.74558 0.75118 0.88665<br />

80 1.14254 1.13749 0.44214 0.44411 0.50517<br />

70 1.10489 1.10214 0.24815 0.24877 0.27418<br />

60 1.07457 1.07318 0.12916 0.12933 0.13879<br />

50 1.05042 1.04978 0.06045 0.06049 0.06350<br />

40 1.03159 1.03134 0.02418 0.02418 0.02494<br />

30 1.01748 1.01741 8*10 -3 8*10 -3 8*10 -3<br />

20 1.00768 1.00766 1*10 -3 1*10 -3 1*10 -3<br />

10 1.00191 1.00191 1*10 -4 1*10 -4 1*10 -4<br />

5 1.00048 1.00048 6*10 -6 6*10 -6 6*10 -6<br />

4 1.00030 1.00030 3*10 -6 2*10 -6 2*10 -6<br />

3 1.00017 1.00017 8*10 -7 7*10 -7 8*10 -7<br />

2 1.00008 1.00008 3*10 -7 2*10 -7 2*10 -7<br />

1 1.00002 1.00002 2*10 -7 1*10 -7 1*10 -7<br />

0 1.00000 1.00000 0 0 0<br />

f(T0)n = function value <strong>of</strong> the periodic time <strong>of</strong> the mathematical pendulum, with which the periodic<br />

time <strong>of</strong> the Cycloid pendulums must be multiplied, by the new procedure<br />

f(T0)a = the same by the old procedure<br />

�f(T0)rkl = sm<strong>all</strong>er relative difference <strong>of</strong> the two<br />

�f(T0)rgr = larger relative difference <strong>of</strong> the two<br />

�f(T0)a = absolute difference <strong>of</strong> the two<br />

Here are <strong>all</strong> delta �f(T0)x specified in per cent.<br />

5. Bibliography<br />

1. Arnold, Günter<br />

Formeln der Mathematik, Ed. by H. Netz<br />

3 rd edition, 1977, Carl Hauser, München (9)<br />

2. Beyer, William H. (Edi<strong>to</strong>r)<br />

CRC Handbook <strong>of</strong> Mathematical Sciences<br />

5 th edition, 1978, CRC Press Inc., 2255 Palm Beach Lakes Blvd. (8)<br />

3. Deutsch, Harri (Edi<strong>to</strong>rs)<br />

Kleine Enzyklopädie Mathematik<br />

2 nd newly arr. edition, 1980, Harri Deutsch, Thun, Frankfurt/M. (3)<br />

4. Dorn, Friedrich / Bader, Franz<br />

Physik in einem Band (4) und Physik-Oberstufe, Volume O (1)<br />

Newly arr. edition, 1976, Hermann Schroedel, Hannover<br />

5. Fichtenholz, G. M.<br />

Differential- und Integralrechnungen 1<br />

german orig. ed., 1964, VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin (6)<br />

6. Franke, Hermann (Edi<strong>to</strong>r)<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 107 <strong>of</strong> 154


dtv-Lexikon der Physik in 10 Bänden<br />

3 rd newly arr. and ext. edition, 1970, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, München (5)<br />

7. Sieber, Helmut<br />

Mathematische Begriffe und Formeln<br />

1 st edition, 1973, Ernst Klett, Stuttgart (7)<br />

8. Spiegel, Murray R.<br />

Allgemeine Mechanik<br />

German orig. ed., 1976, McGraw-Hill Inc., Düsseldorf (2)<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 108 <strong>of</strong> 154


Addendum:<br />

Today, I am certainly in a position <strong>to</strong> calculate the correct periodic times and <strong>to</strong> state the error<br />

concerning my approximate formula.<br />

It applies:<br />

With x = x(t) and y = y(t) applies:<br />

The approximate formula reads:<br />

2<br />

1 ds<br />

0 � � 2 2<br />

mgh mgh m .<br />

dt<br />

s0 x0 2 t0<br />

2 2<br />

8 1 8 1�y�8x�y T � ds dx dt.<br />

g � � �<br />

h � h g � y � y g � y � y<br />

0 0 0 0 0 0<br />

3 3<br />

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2<br />

� � � � 0 � � �0��<br />

� � 0 � 0 � 0 �<br />

2lh 2 1 y (0) y 1 y 2 x(0) y(0) y x y<br />

T � 2� � 2� � 2 �<br />

.<br />

a gy� y ��(0) gy x(0)y(0) � y(0)x(0)<br />

With x = a sin φ, y = b - b cos φ,<br />

0 0<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 109 <strong>of</strong> 154<br />

0 � 2 �<br />

2 2 2 2 2 2<br />

ds dx dy a cos b sin d , k sin �<br />

� � � � � � � �<br />

and<br />

2 a � b<br />

� � 2<br />

a<br />

exactly applies for the ellipse pendulum:<br />

2 2<br />

2 �0<br />

2 2<br />

8a 1� � sin �<br />

T � d .<br />

bg �<br />

�<br />

cos� � cos�<br />

With ε 2 < 1 the calculation <strong>of</strong> the integral yields the series expansion:<br />

0<br />

1 2 2 2 9 4 3 2 4 3 4 4 6<br />

� 4 64 8 4<br />

�<br />

2�a T � 1� k � � k � k � � k � � k � O (k ) .<br />

bg<br />

The series expansion <strong>of</strong> the approximate formula<br />

reads:<br />

T �<br />

4 2 2<br />

2 a 1 sin<br />

� � � �<br />

0 � 2 �<br />

bgcos �<br />

1 2 2 2 5 4 3 2 4 3 4 4 6<br />

� 4 32 4 2<br />

�<br />

2�a T � 1� k � � k � k � � k � � k � O (k ) .<br />

bg<br />

Both formulas are identical up <strong>to</strong> the quadratic term as for the mathematical pendulum and<br />

confirm the quality <strong>of</strong> the approximation procedure. To obtain a better approximate formula,<br />

y(x) is <strong>to</strong> develop <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> a Taylor series around x = 0. For |y'| < 1, then numera<strong>to</strong>r and denomina<strong>to</strong>r<br />

<strong>of</strong> the integral can be developed <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> series and easily be integrated after multiplying<br />

them out. Otherwise, the integral can be computed by numerical quadrature or by develop-<br />

0<br />

0


ment <strong>of</strong> a Taylor series <strong>of</strong> the integrand with arbitrary precision. The latter is always possible<br />

by suitable substitution <strong>of</strong> x, and sufficient differentiability <strong>of</strong> the integrand. Interval arithmetic<br />

secures the results.<br />

My actual aim was less the calculation <strong>of</strong> concrete periodic times, but the mathematical reduction<br />

<strong>of</strong> the difficult integration <strong>to</strong> a relatively easy differentiation (with simple integration).<br />

Precisely this yields the just mentioned development <strong>of</strong> a Taylor series, which is possibly <strong>to</strong><br />

repeat for separate interval limits.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 110 <strong>of</strong> 154


Universe<br />

The universe can be regarded both as infinite n-dimensional cube, as well - isomorphic defined<br />

<strong>to</strong> it - as the n-dimensional sphere one obtains if one erects in the central point <strong>of</strong> the<br />

cube in a further dimension a line <strong>of</strong> length 2 as the diameter <strong>of</strong> a unit sphere with shifted<br />

central point and projects <strong>all</strong> points <strong>of</strong> the cube uniquely <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> the boundary <strong>of</strong> this sphere by<br />

calculating the respective intersection points on the connecting line between cube points and<br />

the end point <strong>of</strong> the erected line - the North Pole - with the spherical boundary. Thus, the<br />

sphere has indeed finite extent and each point can be reached in finite time, but the spherical<br />

boundary contains infinitely many points that lie closest <strong>to</strong> the North Pole.<br />

The n dimensions include not only the space, but <strong>all</strong> scaled substances (<strong>see</strong> reference theory),<br />

thus in particular the time. The beginning <strong>of</strong> the universe lies in the central point <strong>of</strong> the<br />

cube; that is diametric<strong>all</strong>y opposed <strong>to</strong> the North Pole at the South Pole. If one assumes a<br />

beginning <strong>of</strong> time, the negative half-axis resp. its equivalent in the spherical boundary is<br />

missing. Around the South Pole are the simplest worlds, around the North Pole the most<br />

complex ones. With <strong>all</strong> these considerations, we should remember that L is not bound <strong>to</strong> any<br />

model <strong>of</strong> the universe, but each model helps us <strong>to</strong> understand the universe better and has its<br />

advantages and disadvantages. Its possible homogeneity speaks for the cube model, the<br />

finite reachability <strong>of</strong> each substance point for the sphere model.<br />

However, we cannot prove how big the radius <strong>of</strong> the universe at <strong>all</strong> is, but only <strong>of</strong> our one,<br />

since we would need <strong>to</strong> know the coordinates that go beyond the three-dimensional space,<br />

as follows from the n-dimensional sphere equation. Time and space intervals on the unit<br />

sphere become shorter and shorter with time. This can be counteracted with the expansion<br />

<strong>of</strong> time and space.<br />

The length <strong>of</strong> sm<strong>all</strong> distances can only be measured as larger than the sm<strong>all</strong>est distance, if<br />

its <strong>to</strong>tal length makes up a sm<strong>all</strong>er number <strong>of</strong> these distances than the number concerning<br />

the length measured with the sm<strong>all</strong>est distance as standard, which is less than or equal <strong>to</strong><br />

the <strong>to</strong>tal length. It is therefore definitely possible that a reduction <strong>to</strong>wards the North Pole cannot<br />

be measured.<br />

With every expansion <strong>of</strong> the universe from the potential <strong>of</strong> L, the existing worlds slip <strong>to</strong>wards<br />

the South Pole. At the North Pole, the residence <strong>of</strong> L, the worlds are replenished from the<br />

new world level. It was tacitly assumed that no dimension is distinguished from another one,<br />

and deformations <strong>of</strong> the unit sphere or cube are implausible and unnecessary. For, an (almost)<br />

arbitrary possibility <strong>of</strong> shaping the worlds in the universe remains unaffected. Nevertheless,<br />

each world is strictly <strong>to</strong> investigate and <strong>to</strong> define by L, before it is released.<br />

Mind that points in space have neither form nor extension, so one can push them <strong>to</strong>gether,<br />

arbitrarily close. They are still something and may have distances with nothing in between. It<br />

is our conception that can fill in the between, and provides extension. The faster moving universe<br />

makes sense and is wanted by L. Skipping intervals can counteract a <strong>to</strong>o-fast. Analogous<br />

applies for <strong>all</strong> other substances. It is therefore important that L makes the laws <strong>of</strong> nature<br />

appropriate. This applies particularly for chaotic or strongly inhomogeneous worlds, and<br />

those with multiple time axes.<br />

It is measurable, whether a world is homogenous or not. Every creature has deserved a<br />

world in the universe according <strong>to</strong> its karma. A material world represents a simplification for<br />

their (first) creatures in order <strong>to</strong> limit their possibilities because <strong>of</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> development. Each<br />

world can become an immaterial one with extended rules, during higher development and<br />

growing, usefully directed freedom. For the functioning, gener<strong>all</strong>y many rules are needed -<br />

individu<strong>all</strong>y and in general, which must be transparent and efficient, as well as conceived and<br />

supported by L.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 111 <strong>of</strong> 154


Politics<br />

The contents <strong>of</strong> the politics <strong>of</strong> the religion <strong>of</strong> love are outsourced <strong>to</strong> www.relil.org.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 112 <strong>of</strong> 154


Religion<br />

The contents <strong>of</strong> the religion <strong>of</strong> love are outsourced <strong>to</strong> the sites www.relil.eu, www.relil.net and<br />

www.relil.de.<br />

On www.relil.eu the contents are structured by <strong>to</strong>pics and sh<strong>all</strong> be sometime released in<br />

book form.<br />

By www.relil.net involves the Wiki RelilWiki and on www.relil.de one can listen <strong>to</strong> lectures.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 113 <strong>of</strong> 154


About me<br />

Birth:<br />

1964 in Kiel<br />

Address:<br />

Cranachstr. 4, D-63452 Hanau<br />

Occupation:<br />

Management assistant in data processing (IHK)<br />

Studies:<br />

Mathematics (minor subject informatics) and philosophy (minor subjects political science and<br />

sociology) at the universities TU Clausthal, U Goettingen and FU Hagen<br />

Work:<br />

Clinical centre Hanau<br />

Hobbies:<br />

L, religion, inventing, internet and fitness<br />

Largest existing misfortune:<br />

Unjustness in the world<br />

Favourite residence:<br />

Berlin<br />

Perfect luck:<br />

To be with L<br />

Most excusable defect:<br />

Inability<br />

Favourite person:<br />

Albert Einstein<br />

Unperson:<br />

Adolf Hitler:<br />

Male favourite characteristic:<br />

Intellect<br />

Female favourite characteristic:<br />

Empathy<br />

Favourite virtue:<br />

Justice<br />

Favourite activity:<br />

Solving real problems<br />

Favourite occupation:<br />

Enuncia<strong>to</strong>r<br />

Main characteristic:<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 114 <strong>of</strong> 154


Dedication<br />

Favourite characteristic <strong>of</strong> the friends:<br />

Greatness<br />

Largest own defect:<br />

Pushing the boundary<br />

Dream <strong>of</strong> the luck:<br />

Finding fulfilment<br />

Largest theoretical misfortune:<br />

Non-existence <strong>of</strong> L<br />

Missing characteristic:<br />

Adeptness in dealing with others<br />

Favourite colour:<br />

Brown<br />

Favourite object:<br />

Computer<br />

Largest defect <strong>of</strong> others:<br />

Cruelness<br />

Best reform:<br />

Charter <strong>of</strong> the human rights<br />

Most missing natural gift:<br />

Mixing well<br />

Wish <strong>to</strong> die:<br />

Free at last<br />

Present state <strong>of</strong> mind:<br />

Exerted<br />

Maxim:<br />

Decide for you.<br />

Mot<strong>to</strong>:<br />

Your mission protects you.<br />

Visions:<br />

Man becomes immortal. Ze is not any more in zis traditional shell but forms a unit with a supercomputer.<br />

The diseases are vanquished. There are at the most still disturbances. The<br />

metabolism <strong>of</strong> man is in line with each environment - also hostile ones like other planets. Ze<br />

uses current skilfully. Ze integrates <strong>all</strong> positive substances <strong>of</strong> the reference theory. Ze communicates<br />

telepathic<strong>all</strong>y and controls the telepathy.<br />

Humans possess approximately the same intelligence since they need this for an equivalent<br />

survival. Death is vanquished: Nobody becomes old. Tolerance is very important since wanting<br />

A can have equivalent reasons in relation <strong>to</strong> not A. Animals and plants are integrated in<br />

the metabolic politics and optimisation. There is a large religion <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> that <strong>all</strong> different can be<br />

translated. With the language it is similar.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 115 <strong>of</strong> 154


Humans create themselves virtual spaces. The virtual spaces can use more dimensions than<br />

the existing in nature. For this purpose, man must be able <strong>to</strong> combine matter arbitrarily. Ze<br />

can build as many references as ze can use matter. The construction <strong>of</strong> arbitrary references<br />

lets zer surmount arbitrary distances. Ze creates own time axes in that the time can proceed<br />

with other speeds.<br />

There is a uniform, central controlled human policy. The poverty is vanquished, the differences<br />

between poor and rich also as far as possible. Wars do not take place since there is<br />

nothing that is worth <strong>to</strong> fight for. The problem <strong>of</strong> the overpopulation is solved. The human<br />

reproduction can take place also on non-sexual way. The genes are so far decoded that no<br />

unmeant manipulation can take place.<br />

True democracy prevails. Each human is involved after its qualifications in everything. Everyone<br />

can qualify zerself for everything - completely after his notions. There is only one economic<br />

system and one currency.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 116 <strong>of</strong> 154


Bibliography<br />

1) Hamp, Vinzenz; Stenzel, Meinrad; Kürzinger, Josef (Hrsg.): Die Heilige Schrift des Alten<br />

und Neuen Testamentes; 4. Aufl.; 1988; Pattloch Verlag; München; ISBN 3629052002; Bilder<br />

von Rembrandt.<br />

2) W.-Winter, L. (Bearb.); Ullmann, Ludwig (Übertr.): Der Koran - Das Heilige Buch des Islam;<br />

1. Aufl.; 1986; Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag; München; ISBN 3442086132; Taschenbuch.<br />

3) Grimm, Georg: Die Lehre des Buddho; 20. unveränd. Aufl.; 1979; R. Löwit; Wiesbaden;<br />

ISBN 3894272120; Hrsg. von M. Keller-Grimm und Max Hoppe.<br />

4) Fromer, Jakob (Übertr.): Der Babylonische Talmud; 2. Aufl.; 1988; Fourier-Verlag; Wiesbaden;<br />

ISBN 3921695880; kommentierte Auswahl.<br />

5) Franz, Albert; Baum, Wolfgang; Kreutzer, Karsten: Lexikon philosophischer Grundbegriffe<br />

der Theologie; 2. Aufl.; 2007; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN 9783451290954; korrigierte Fassung<br />

der Erstauflage.<br />

6) Sharamon, Shalila; Baginski, Bodo J.: Das Chakra-Handbuch; 50. Aufl.; 2006; Windpferd;<br />

Aitrang; ISBN 3893850384; Taschenbuch.<br />

7) Als<strong>to</strong>n, William P.: A Realist Conception <strong>of</strong> Truth; 1st Ed.; 1996; Cornell University Press;<br />

Ithaca and London; ISBN 0801484103; Taschenbuch.<br />

8) Cumpsty, John S.: Religion As Belonging; 1st Ed.; 1991; University Press <strong>of</strong> America;<br />

Lanham; ISBN 0819183598; A General Theory <strong>of</strong> Religion.<br />

9) Als<strong>to</strong>n, William P.: Perceiving God; 2nd Printing; 1995; Cornell University Press; Ithaca<br />

and London; ISBN 0801481554; The Epistemology <strong>of</strong> Religious Experience.<br />

10) Stiver, Dan R.: The Philosophy <strong>of</strong> Religious Language; Reprint; 1997; Blackwell; Malden;<br />

ISBN 1557865825; Sign, Symbol, and S<strong>to</strong>ry.<br />

11) Fischer, Johannes: Theologische Ethik; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Kohlhammer; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

3170168916; Grundwissen und Orientierung.<br />

12) Jörns, Klaus-Peter: Die neuen Gesichter Gottes; 1. Aufl.; 1997; C. H. Beck; München;<br />

ISBN 340642936X; Was die Menschen heute wirklich glauben.<br />

13) Krieg, Carmen; Kucharz, Thomas; Volf, Miroslav (Hrsg.): Die Theologie auf dem Weg in<br />

das dritte Jahrtausend; 1. Aufl.; 1996; Chr. Kaiser; Gütersloh; ISBN 3579020080; Festschrift.<br />

14) Anzenbacher, Arno: Einführung in die Ethik; 1. Aufl.; 1992; Patmos; Düsseldorf; ISBN<br />

3491779251; Philosophische Grundlagenprobleme.<br />

15) Sharma, Arvind (Ed.): Fragments <strong>of</strong> Infinity; 1st Ed.; 1991; Prism Press; Dorset; ISBN<br />

1853270660; Essays in Religion and Philosophy.<br />

16) Ratzinger, Joseph: Einführung in das Christentum; Neuausg.; 2005; Weltbild; Augsburg;<br />

ISBN 382894949320; Benedikt XVI..<br />

17) Ratzinger, Joseph: Glaube - Wahrheit - Toleranz; 2. Aufl.; 2003; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN<br />

3451281104; Das Christentum und die Weltreligionen.<br />

18) Ratzinger, Joseph: Jesus von Nazareth; 1. Aufl.; 2007; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN<br />

9783451298615; Erster Teil von der Taufe im Jordan bis zur Verklärung.<br />

19) Ratzinger, Joseph: Gott und die Welt; 1. Aufl.; 2000; Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt; Stuttgart<br />

München; ISBN 3421054282; Glauben und Leben in unserer Zeit.<br />

20) Szczesny, Gerhard; Wilhelm, Kurt: Die Antwort der Religionen; 1. Aufl.; 1964; Szczesny;<br />

München; ASIN B0000BFUGR; 31 Fragen.<br />

21) Drewermann, Eugen: Kleriker; 3. Aufl.; 1992; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag; München;<br />

ISBN 3423300108; Psychogramm eines Ideals.<br />

22) Smith, Hus<strong>to</strong>n: Eine Wahrheit viele Wege; 2. Aufl.; 1994; Hermann Bauer; Freiburg;<br />

ISBN 3762604657; Die großen Religionen der Welt.<br />

23) Hirsch, Eike Christian: Vorsicht auf der Himmelsleiter; 1. Aufl.; 1987; H<strong>of</strong>fmann und<br />

Campe; Hamburg; ISBN 3455086284; Auskünfte in Glaubensfragen.<br />

24) Hick, John: Religion; 1. Aufl.; 1996; Diederichs; München; ISBN 3424013110; Die<br />

menschlichen Antworten auf die Frage nach Leben und Tod.<br />

25) Thomas, Gordon; Morgan-Witts, Max: Der Vatikan; Lizenzausg.; 1984; Manfred Pawlak;<br />

Herrsching; ISBN 3881993223; Mechanismen kirchlicher Macht.<br />

26) Trillhaas, Wolfgang: Religionsphilosophie; 1. Aufl.; 1972; Walter de Gruyter; Berlin; ISBN<br />

3110038684; Lehrbuch.<br />

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27) Vries, S. Ph. de: Jüdische Riten und Symbole; 9. Aufl.; 2003; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN<br />

3499187582; Taschenbuch.<br />

28) Borchert, Bruno: Mystik; 1. Aufl.; 1997; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN 3451045300; Das Phänomen<br />

- Die Geschichte - Neue Wege.<br />

29) James, William: Die Vielfalt religiöser Erfahrung; 1. Aufl.; 1997; Insel; Frankfurt und Leipzig;<br />

ISBN 345833484X; Mit einem Vorwort von Peter Sloterdijk.<br />

30) Lanczkowski, Günter: Geschichte der nichtchristlichen Religionen; 1. Aufl.; 1989; Fischer;<br />

Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3596245648; aktualisierte und erweiterte Neuausgabe.<br />

31) Küng, Hans: Christ sein; 3. Aufl.; 2004; Piper; München; ISBN 3492217362; Taschenbuch.<br />

32) Küng, Hans: Existiert Gott?; 3. Aufl.; 2004; Piper; München; ISBN 3492221440; Antwort<br />

auf die Gottesfrage der Neuzeit.<br />

33) Küng, Hans: Das Christentum; 1. Aufl. Taschenbuch; 1999; Piper; München; ISBN<br />

3492229409; Die religiöse Situation der Zeit.<br />

34) Küng, Hans: Das Judentum; 1. Aufl. Taschenbuch; 1999; Piper; München; ISBN<br />

3492228275; Die religiöse Situation der Zeit.<br />

35) Küng, Hans: Der Islam; 1. Aufl. Taschenbuch; 2006; Piper; München; ISBN 3492247091;<br />

Geschichte, Gegenwart, Zukunft.<br />

36) Ruh, Ulrich; Seeber, David; Walter, Rudolf (Hrsg.): Handwörterbuch religiöser Gegenwartsfragen;<br />

2. Aufl.; 1989; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN 3451216124; Sonderausgabe.<br />

37) Adam, Go<strong>ttf</strong>ried; Lachmann, Rainer (Hrsg.): Religionspädagogisches Kompendium; 5.<br />

neubearb. Aufl.; 1997; Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; Göttingen; ISBN 352561330X; Taschenbuch.<br />

38) Henning, Christian; Murken, Sebastian; Nestler, Erich (Hrsg.): Einführung in die Religionspsychologie;<br />

1. Aufl.; 2003; Ferdinand Schöningh; Paderborn; ISBN 350699011X; Taschenbuch.<br />

39) Kühn, Ulrich: Chris<strong>to</strong>logie; 1. Aufl.; 2003; Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; Göttingen; ISBN<br />

3525032412; Taschenbuch.<br />

40) S<strong>to</strong>lz, Fritz: Grundzüge der Religionswissenschaft; 2., überarb. Aufl.; 1997; Vandenhoeck<br />

& Ruprecht; Göttingen; ISBN 3525032919; Taschenbuch.<br />

41) Moeller, Bernd: Geschichte des Christentums in Grundzügen; 6., verb. Aufl.; 1996;<br />

Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; Göttingen; ISBN 3525032803; Taschenbuch.<br />

42) Jäger, Chris<strong>to</strong>ph (Hrsg.): Analytische Religionsphilosophie; 1. Aufl.; 1998; Ferdinand<br />

Schöningh; Paderborn; ISBN 3506994891; Taschenbuch.<br />

43) Fraas, Hans-Jürgen: Die Religiosität des Menschen; 1. Aufl.; 1990; Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht;<br />

Göttingen; ISBN 3525032749; Ein Grundriss der Religionspsychologie.<br />

44) Johann-Adam-Möhler-Institut (Hrsg.): Kleine Konfessionskunde; 2., durchges. und akt.<br />

Aufl.; 1997; Bonifatius; Paderborn; ISBN 3897100002; Taschenbuch.<br />

45) Lanczkowski, Günter (Bearb.): Meyers Kleines Lexikon Religionen; 1. Aufl.; 1987; Bibliographisches<br />

Institut; Mannheim; ISBN 3411026588; hrsg. von d. Red. für Religion und Theologie.<br />

46) Beyerhaus, Peter; Padberg, Lutz E. v. (Hrsg.): Eine Welt - eine Religion?; 1. Aufl.; 1988;<br />

Schulte & Gerth; Asslar; ISBN 3877397751; Die synkretistische Bedrohung unseres Glaubens<br />

im Zeichen von New Age.<br />

47) Paden, William E.: Am Anfang war Religion; Dt. Erstausg.; 1990; Gerd Mohn; Gütersloh;<br />

ISBN 3579007874; Die Einheit in der Vielfalt.<br />

48) Möhler, Johann Adam; Newman, John Henry; Guardini, Romano et al.: Gott in dieser<br />

Zeit; 1. Aufl.; 1990; Matthias Grünewald; Mainz; ISBN 3786715114; Eine Herausforderung<br />

der Theologie.<br />

49) Schweitzer, Albert: Das Christentum und die Weltreligionen; 2., unveränd. Aufl.; 1984; C.<br />

H. Beck; München; ISBN 3406067816; Zwei Aufsätze zur Religionsphilosophie.<br />

50) Mynarek, Hubertus: Ökologische Religion; 1. Aufl.; 1986; Wilhelm Goldmann; München;<br />

ISBN 3442120055; Ein neues Verständnis der Natur.<br />

51) Pöhlmann, Horst Georg: Der Atheismus oder der Streit um Gott; 5. Aufl.; 1986; Gerd<br />

Mohn; Gütersloh; ISBN 3579052187; Taschenbuch.<br />

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52) Lehmann, Karl: Es ist Zeit, an Gott zu denken; 2. Aufl.; 2000; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN<br />

34515054; Ein Gespräch mit Jürgen Hoeren.<br />

53) Khoury, Adel Th.; Hünermann, Peter (Hrsg.): Wer ist Gott?; 1. Aufl.; 1983; Herder; Freiburg;<br />

ISBN 3451080796; Die Antwort der Weltreligionen.<br />

54) Löhr, Gebhard: Gott - Gebote - Ideale; 1. Aufl.; 1991; Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; Göttingen;<br />

ISBN 3525335768; Analytische Philosophie und theologische Ethik.<br />

55) Grün, Anselm; Sar<strong>to</strong>rius, Christiane: Dem Himmel zur Ehre - Der Erde zum Zeichen; 3.<br />

Aufl.; 1997; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN 3451237946; Menschliches Reifen im Ordensleben.<br />

56) Hawking, Stephen W.: Ist <strong>all</strong>es vorherbestimmt?; 1. Aufl.; 1996; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN<br />

3499220679; Sechs Essays.<br />

57) Lyre, Holger: Informationstheorie; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Wilhelm Fink; München; ISBN<br />

3825222896; Eine philosophisch-naturwissenschaftliche Einführung.<br />

58) Reinhardt, Fritz; Soeder, Heinrich: dtv-Atlas zur Mathematik Band 1; 9. Aufl.; 1991; Deutscher<br />

Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 3423030070; Grundlagen, Algebra und Geometrie.<br />

59) Reinhardt, Fritz; Soeder, Heinrich: dtv-Atlas zur Mathematik Band 2; 5. Aufl.; 1984; Deutscher<br />

Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 3423030089; Analysis und angewandte Mathematik.<br />

60) Bronstein, Il'ja N. (Begr.); Grosche, Günter (Bearb.); Zeidler, Eberhard: Teubner-<br />

Taschenbuch der Mathematik Teil 1; 1. Aufl.; 1996; Teubner; Leipzig; ISBN 3815420016;<br />

Taschenbuch.<br />

61) Grosche, Günter (Hrsg.): Teubner-Taschenbuch der Mathematik Teil 2; 7. Aufl.; 1995;<br />

Teubner; Leipzig; ISBN 3815421004; vollst. überarb. und wesentlich erw. Neufassung.<br />

62) Grosche, G.; Ziegler, V. (Hrsg.): Taschenbuch der Mathematik; Nachdruck der 20. Aufl.;<br />

1983; Harri Deutsch; Thun; ISBN 3871444928; Neubearbeitung, ältere Ausgabe.<br />

63) Bronstein, I. N.; Semendjajew, K. A.: Taschenbuch der Mathematik; 3. Aufl.; 1984; Harri<br />

Deutsch; Thun; ISBN 3871444936; Ergänzende Kapitel.<br />

64) Schmidt, Werner: Lehrprogramm Vek<strong>to</strong>rrechnung; 1. Aufl.; 1978; Verlag Chemie; Weinheim;<br />

ISBN 3527210741; Mit Beispielen aus der Physik.<br />

65) Kleppner, Daniel; Ramsey, Norman: Lehrprogramm Differential- und Integralrechnung; 2.<br />

Aufl.; 1982; Verlag Chemie; Weinheim; ISBN 3527210911; Taschenbuch.<br />

66) Fischer, Gerd: Analytische Geometrie; 6., überarb. Aufl.; 1992; Friedrich Vieweg; Braunschweig;<br />

ISBN 3528572353; Taschenbuch.<br />

67) Guillen, Michael: Brücken ins Unendliche; 2. Aufl.; 1987; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag;<br />

München; ISBN 3423106980; Die menschliche Seite der Mathematik.<br />

68) Benesch, Hellmuth: dtv-Atlas zur Psychologie Band 1; 1. Aufl.; 1987; Deutscher Taschenbuch<br />

Verlag; München; ISBN 3423032243; Tafeln und Texte.<br />

69) Benesch, Hellmuth: dtv-Atlas zur Psychologie Band 2; 1. Aufl.; 1987; Deutscher Taschenbuch<br />

Verlag; München; ISBN 3423032251; Tafeln und Texte.<br />

70) Heinrich, Dieter; Hergt, Manfred: dtv-Atlas zur Ökologie; 3. Aufl.; 1994; Deutscher Taschenbuch<br />

Verlag; München; ISBN 3423032286; Tafeln und Texte.<br />

71) Abels, Heinz: Einführung in die Soziologie 1; 1. Aufl.; 2001; Westdeutscher Verlag;<br />

Wiesbaden; ISBN 353113610; Der Blick auf die Gesellschaft.<br />

72) Abels, Heinz: Einführung in die Soziologie 2; 1. Aufl.; 2001; Westdeutscher Verlag;<br />

Wiesbaden; ISBN 3531136119; Die Individuen in ihrer Gesellschaft.<br />

73) Jäger, Wieland: Reorganisation der Arbeit; 1. Aufl.; 1999; Westdeutscher Verlag; Wiesbaden;<br />

ISBN 3531134736; Ein Überblick zu aktuellen Entwicklungen.<br />

74) Soziologie, Arbeitsgruppe: Denkweisen und Grundbegriffe der Soziologie; 13. Aufl.;<br />

1998; Campus Verlag; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3593347156; Eine Einführung.<br />

75) Weber, Max: Soziologische Grundbegriffe; 6., erneut durchges. Aufl.; 1984; Mohr; Tübingen;<br />

ISBN 3165448302; Taschenbuch-Sonderausgabe.<br />

76) Bourdieu, Pierre: Die feinen Unterschiede; 1. Aufl.; 1987; Suhrkamp; Frankfurt am Main;<br />

ISBN 3518282581; Kritik der gesellschaftlichen Urteilskraft.<br />

77) Herfurtner, Rudolf: Gloria von Jaxtberg oder die Prinzessin vom Pfandh<strong>of</strong>; 1. Aufl.; 1988;<br />

Thienemann; Stuttgart, Wien; ISBN 3522425006; Bilder von Reinhard Michl.<br />

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78) Temming, Rolf L.: Illustrierte Geschichte der Eisenbahn; 1. Aufl.; 1976; Manfred Pawlak;<br />

Herrsching; ASIN B0000BMJT1; ohne ISBN.<br />

79) Shulman, Sandra: Geschichte der Astrologie; 1. Aufl.; 1978; Rheingauer Verlagsgesellschaft;<br />

Eltville; ISBN 3881020187; Von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart.<br />

80) Glück, Helmut (Hrsg.): Metzler-Lexikon Sprache; 2., überarb. und erw. Aufl.; 2000; Metzler;<br />

Stuttgart, Weimar; ISBN 347601519X; Mit 70 Abbildungen, davon 17 Karten.<br />

81) Prechtl, Peter; Burkard, Franz-Peter (Hrsg.): Metzler-Philosophie-Lexikon; 1. Aufl.; 1996;<br />

Metzler; Stuttgart, Weimar; ISBN 3476012573; Begriffe und Definitionen.<br />

82) Lutz, Bernd (Hrsg.): Metzler-Philosophen-Lexikon; 1. Aufl.; 1989; Metzler; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

3476006395; Dreihundert biographisch-weltgeschichtliche Porträts von den Vorsokratikern<br />

bis zu den Neuen Philosophen.<br />

83) Störig, Hans Joachim: Kleine Weltgeschichte der Philosophie; 17., vollst. überarb. und<br />

erw. Aufl.; 1999; Kohlhammer; Stuttgart; ISBN 3170160702; gebunden.<br />

84) Schmidinger, Heinrich: Metaphysik; 1. Aufl.; 2000; Kohlhammer; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

3170163086; Ein Grundkurs.<br />

85) Heidegger, Martin: Sein und Zeit; 17. Aufl.; 1993; Niemeyer; Tübingen; ISBN<br />

3484701226; gebunden.<br />

86) Heidegger, Martin: Über den Humanismus; 9. Aufl.; 1991; Vit<strong>to</strong>rio Klostermann; Frankfurt<br />

am Main; ISBN 3465022742; broschiert.<br />

87) Hüntelmann, Rafael: Existenzon<strong>to</strong>logie; 1. Aufl.; 1997; Röll; Dettelbach; ISBN<br />

392752283X; gebunden.<br />

88) Siegmann, Georg: Plotins Philosophie des Guten; 1. Aufl.; 1990; Königshausen & Neumann;<br />

Würzburg; ISBN 3884794671; Eine Interpreatation von Enneade VI 7.<br />

89) Hartmann, Nicolai: Der Aufbau der realen Welt; 3. Aufl.; 1964; Walter de Gruyter; Berlin;<br />

ASIN B0000BJ3UP; Grundriss der <strong>all</strong>gemeinen Kategorienlehre.<br />

90) Weyl, Hermann: Philosophie der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaft; 7. Aufl.; 2000;<br />

Oldenbourg; München; ISBN 3486467972; Scientia Nova.<br />

91) Trillhaas, Wolfgang: Ethik; 3., neubearb. und erw. Aufl.; 1970; Walter de Gruyter; Berlin;<br />

ASIN B0000BTTHQ; Sondereinband.<br />

92) Balzer, Wolfgang: Die Wissenschaft und ihre Methoden; 1. Aufl.; 1997; Alber; München;<br />

ISBN 3495478531; Grundsätze der Wissenschaftstheorie.<br />

93) Körner, Stephan: Erfahrung und Theorie; 1. Aufl.; 1970; Suhrkamp; Frankfurt am Main;<br />

ISBN 3518570633; Ein wissenschaftstheoretischer Versuch.<br />

94) Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich von: Zeit und Wissen; 1. Aufl.; 1992; Carl Hanser; München,<br />

Wien; ISBN 3446163670; gebunden.<br />

95) Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich von: Bewusstseinswandel; 1. Aufl.; 1988; Carl Hanser; München,<br />

Wien; ISBN 3446146490; gebunden.<br />

96) Swinburne, Richard: Gibt es einen Gott?; 1. deutsche Aufl.; 2006; On<strong>to</strong>s; Heusenstamm;<br />

ISBN 3937202919; Englisch: Is there a God?, 1996.<br />

97) Russ, Jaqueline: Les méthodes en philosophie; Cinquième tirage; 1992; Armand Colin;<br />

Paris; ISBN 220033088X; Taschenbuch.<br />

98) Jonas, Hans: Wissenschaft als persönliches Erlebnis; 1. Aufl.; 1987; Vandenhoeck &<br />

Ruprecht; Göttingen; ISBN 3525013426; Sammlung Vandenhoeck.<br />

99) Brüntrup, Godehard: Das Leib-Seele-Problem; 1. Aufl.; 1996; Kohlhammer; Stuttgart;<br />

ISBN 3170140051; Eine Einführung.<br />

100) Ulke, Karl-Dieter: Vorbilder im Denken; 1. Aufl.; 1988; Kösel; München; ISBN<br />

3466400627; 32 Porträts großer Philosophen.<br />

101) Kühn, Manfred: Kant; 1. Aufl.; 2003; C. H. Beck; München; ISBN 3406509185; Eine<br />

Biographie.<br />

102) Sollbach, Armin: Erhabene Kunst der Vernunft; 1. Aufl.; 1996; Hahner Verlagsgesellschaft;<br />

Aachen-Hahn; ISBN 3892940703; gebunden.<br />

103) Gaarder, Jostein: S<strong>of</strong>ies Welt; 1. Aufl.; 1993; Carl Hanser; München, Wien; ISBN<br />

3446173471; Roman über die Geschichte der Philosophie.<br />

104) Berner, Knut: Theorie des Bösen; 1. Aufl.; 2004; Neukirchener Verlag; Neukirchen-<br />

Vluyn; ISBN 3788720476; Zur Hermeneutik destruktiver Verknüpfungen.<br />

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105) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band I/1; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047211; Vorgeschichte - Frühe<br />

Hochkulturen.<br />

106) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band I/2; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047211; Vorgeschichte - Frühe<br />

Hochkulturen.<br />

107) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band II/1; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047238; Hochkulturen des mittleren<br />

und östlichen Asiens.<br />

108) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band II/2; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047246; Hochkulturen des mittleren<br />

und östlichen Asiens.<br />

109) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band III/1; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047254; Griechenland - Die hellenistische<br />

Welt.<br />

110) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band III/2; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047262; Griechenland - Die hellenistische<br />

Welt.<br />

111) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band IV/1; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047270; Rom - Die römische<br />

Welt.<br />

112) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band IV/2; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047289; Rom - Die römische<br />

Welt.<br />

113) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band V/1; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047297; Islam - Die Entstehung Europas.<br />

114) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band V/2; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 35480472997; Islam - Die Entstehung<br />

Europas.<br />

115) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band VI/1; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047319; Weltkulturen - Renaissance<br />

in Europa.<br />

116) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band VI/II; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047327; Weltkulturen - Renaissance<br />

in Europa.<br />

117) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band VII/1; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047335; Von der Reformation<br />

zur Revolution.<br />

118) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band VII/2; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047343; Von der Reformation<br />

zur Revolution.<br />

119) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band VIII/1; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047351; Das neunzehnte Jahrhundert.<br />

120) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band VIII/2;<br />

Taswchenbuchausgabe; 1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548147364; Das neunzehnte<br />

Jahrhundert.<br />

121) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band IX/1; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047378; Das zwanzigste Jahrhundert.<br />

122) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band IX/2; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047384; Das zwanzigste Jahrhundert.<br />

123) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band X/1; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047394; Die Welt von heute.<br />

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124) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band X/2; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047408; Die Welt von heute.<br />

125) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band XI/1; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047416; Summa His<strong>to</strong>rica.<br />

126) Mann, Golo; Heuss, Alfred (Hrsg.): Propyläen Weltgeschichte Band XI/2; Taschenbuchausgabe;<br />

1976; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548047424; Summa His<strong>to</strong>rica.<br />

127) Reiners, Ludwig: Stilkunst; Ungekürzte Sonderausgabe; 1980; C. H. Beck; München;<br />

ISBN 3406025250; Ein Lehrbuch deutscher Prosa.<br />

128) Gregor-Dellin, Martin (Hrsg.): Deutsche Schulzeit; 1. Aufl.; 1979; Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung;<br />

München; ISBN 3485003530; Erinnerungen und Erzählungen aus drei Jahrhunderten.<br />

129) Ende, Michael: Die unendliche Geschichte; 1. Aufl.; 1979; Thienemann; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

3522128001; gebunden.<br />

130) Ende, Michael: Momo; 7. Aufl.; 1977; Thienemann; Stuttgart; ISBN 3522119401; Märchen-Roman.<br />

131) Sager, Peter: Realismus; 4. Aufl.; 1982; DuMont; Köln; ISBN 3770106563; Kunst zwischen<br />

Illusion und Wirklichkeit.<br />

132) Biermann, Kurt-R.: Carl Friedrich Gauß; 1. Aufl.; 1990; C. H. Beck; München; ISBN<br />

340634240X; Der "Fürst der Mathematiker" in Briefen und Gesprächen.<br />

133) Reich-Ranicki, Marcel (Hrsg.): Anbruch der Gegenwart; 1. Aufl.; 1987; Piper; München;<br />

ISBN 3492018920; Deutsche Geschichten 1900-1918.<br />

134) Scharnagl, Hermann: Geheimnisse aus dem Kloster; 1. Aufl.; 2005; Gondrom; Bindlach;<br />

ISBN 3811224905; Gesundheit und Lebenskunst aus der Stille.<br />

135) Fessler, Beate: Der neue Medikamentenführer; 2. Aufl.; 1999; Südwest; München;<br />

ISBN 3517076805; Das Arzneimittel-Standardwerk zum Nachschlagen: Über 1900 Wirks<strong>to</strong>ffe<br />

und Medikamente.<br />

136) Ameln, Falko von: Konstruktivismus; 1. Aufl.; 2004; A. Francke; Tübingen, Basel; ISBN<br />

3772033644; Die Grundlagen systematischer Therapie, Beratung und Bildungsarbeit.<br />

137) Müller, Horst M. (Hrsg.): Arbeitsbuch Linguistik; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Ferdinand Schöningh;<br />

Paderborn; ISBN 3506970070; UTB 2169.<br />

138) Greene, Brian: Der S<strong>to</strong>ff, aus dem der Kosmos ist; 1. Aufl.; 2006; Pantheon; München;<br />

ISBN 3570550028; Raum, Zeit und die Beschaffenheit der Wirklichkeit.<br />

139) Kinder, Hermann; Hilgemann, Werner: dtv-Atlas zur Weltgeschichte Band II; 14. Aufl.;<br />

1979; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 342303002X; Von der Französischen<br />

Revolution bis zur Gegenwart.<br />

140) Franke, Hermann (Hrsg.): dtv-Lexikon der Physik Band 1; Lizenzausgabe; 1970; Deutscher<br />

Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 3423030410; A - B.<br />

141) Franke, Hermann (Hrsg.): dtv-Lexikon der Physik Band 2; Lizenzausgabe; 1970; Deutscher<br />

Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 3423030429; C - El.<br />

142) Franke, Hermann (Hrsg.): dtv-Lexikon der Physik Band 3; Lizenzausgabe; 1970; Deutscher<br />

Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 3423030437; Em - Glo.<br />

143) Franke, Hermann (Hrsg.): dtv-Lexikon der Physik Band 4; Lizenzausgabe; 1970; Deutscher<br />

Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 3423030445; Glu - Kel.<br />

144) Franke, Hermann (Hrsg.): dtv-Lexikon der Physik Band 5; Lizenzausgabe; 1970; Deutscher<br />

Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 342303045?; Ken - Lic.<br />

145) Franke, Hermann (Hrsg.): dtv-Lexikon der Physik Band 6; Lizenzausgabe; 1970; Deutscher<br />

Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 3423030461; Lie - Oz.<br />

146) Franke, Hermann (Hrsg.): dtv-Lexikon der Physik Band 7; Lizenzausgabe; 1971; Deutscher<br />

Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 342303047X; P - Re.<br />

147) Franke, Hermann (Hrsg.): dtv-Lexikon der Physik Band 8; Lizenzausgabe; 1971; Deutscher<br />

Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 3423030488; Rh - Stra.<br />

148) Franke, Hermann (Hrsg.): dtv-Lexikon der Physik Band 9; Lizenzausgabe; 1971; Deutscher<br />

Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 3423030496; Stre - Vir.<br />

149) Franke, Hermann (Hrsg.): dtv-Lexikon der Physik Band 10; Lizenzausgabe; 1971;<br />

Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 342303050X; Vis - Z.<br />

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150) Asimov, Isaac: Die exakten Geheimnisse unserer Welt Band 1; 1. Aufl.; 1988; Knaur;<br />

München; ISBN 3426039214; Kosmos, Erde, Materie, Technik.<br />

151) Asimov, Isaac: Die exakten Geheimnisse unserer Welt Band 2; 1. Aufl.; 1988; Knaur;<br />

München; ISBN 3426039222; Bausteine des Lebens.<br />

152) Marsch, Friederike; Marsch, Detlef: Physik für Krankenpflegeberufe; 4., durchgesehene<br />

Aufl.; 1992; Thieme; Stuttgart; ISBN 3135833046; 74 Abbildungen.<br />

153) Sexl, Roman; Sexl, Hannelore: Weiße Zwerge - Schwarze Löcher; 2., erw. Aufl.; 1984;<br />

Vieweg; Braunschweig; ISBN 3528172142; Einführung in die relativistische Astrophysik.<br />

154) Berninger, Ernst H.: Ot<strong>to</strong> Hahn; 1. Aufl.; 1979; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN 3499502046;<br />

Monographie.<br />

155) Einstein, Albert: Über die spezielle und <strong>all</strong>gemeine Relativitätstheorie; 21. Aufl.; 1982;<br />

Vieweg; Braunschweig; ISBN 352806059X; Band 59.<br />

156) Fölsing, Albrecht: Albert Einstein; 1. Aufl.; 1995; Suhrkamp; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN<br />

3518389904; Eine Biographie.<br />

157) Cramer, Friedrich: Der Zeitbaum; 1. Aufl.; 1996; Insel; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN<br />

3458335498; Grundlegung einer <strong>all</strong>gemeinen Zeittheorie.<br />

158) Davies, Paul: Prinzip Chaos; 1. Aufl.; 1990; Goldmann; München; ISBN 3442114691;<br />

Die neue Ordnung des Kosmos.<br />

159) Davies, Paul: Gott und die moderne Physik; 1. Aufl.; 1989; Goldmann; München; ISBN<br />

3442114764; Taschenbuch.<br />

160) Pitsch, Werner Josef: Chemie für Krankenpflegeberufe; 3., überarb. Aufl.; 1992; Thieme;<br />

Stuttgart; ISBN 313663103X; 66 Abbildungen, 10 Tabellen.<br />

161) Hermann, Peter: Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie; 5. Aufl.; 1993; Gustav Fischer;<br />

Jena; ISBN 3334002373; Einführung für Biologen, Mediziner und Pharmazeuten.<br />

162) Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich von: Aufbau der Physik; 1. Aufl.; 1988; Deutscher Taschenbuch<br />

Verlag; München; ISBN 3423108991; Taschenbuch.<br />

163) Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich von: Die Einheit der Natur; 3. Aufl.; 1983; Deutscher Taschenbuch<br />

Verlag; München; ISBN 346611386X; Studien.<br />

164) Görnitz, Thomas: Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker; 1. Aufl.; 1992; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN<br />

3451041251; Ein Denker an der Schwelle zum neuen Jahrtausend.<br />

165) Ditfurth, Hoimar von: Wir sind nicht nur von dieser Welt; 7. Aufl.; 1990; Deutscher Taschenbuch<br />

Verlag; München; ISBN 342310290X; Naturwissenschaft, Religion und die Zukunft<br />

des Menschen.<br />

166) Vester, Frederic: Phänomen Stress; 5. Aufl.; 1983; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag;<br />

München; ISBN 3421026831; Wo liegt sein Ursprung, warum ist er lebenswichtig, wodurch<br />

ist er entartet?.<br />

167) Vester, Frederic: Neuland des Denkens; 1. Aufl.; 1984; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag;<br />

München; ISBN 342102703X; Vom technokratischen zum kybernetischen Zeitalter.<br />

168) Kleinschmidt, Nina; Eimler, Wolf-Michael: Wer hat das Schwein zur Sau gemacht?; 3.<br />

Aufl.; 1984; Knaur; München; ISBN 3426037238; Mafia-Methoden in der deutschen Landwirtschaft.<br />

169) Arieti, Silvano: Schizophrenie; 5. Aufl.; 1993; Piper; München; ISBN 3492107133; Ursachen,<br />

Verlauf, Therapie - Hilfen für Betr<strong>of</strong>fene.<br />

170) Wemmer, Ulrich; Korczak, Dieter: Gesundheit in Gefahr; 1. Aufl.; 1993; Fischer; Frankfurt<br />

am Main; ISBN 3596105110; Daten-Report 1993/94.<br />

171) Holtmeier, Hans-Jürgen: Gesundheit aus dem Meer; 1. Aufl.; 1983; Molden; München;<br />

ISBN 3889190227; Ratgeber.<br />

172) Flechtner, Hans-Joachim: Grundbegriffe der Kybernetik; 5. Aufl.; 1984; Deutscher Taschenbuch<br />

Verlag; München; ISBN 3423044225; Eine Einführung.<br />

173) Burnett, Frances: Der kleine Lord; 1. Aufl.; 1972; Knaur; München; ISBN 3426011042;<br />

Mit 29 Bildern von Martin und Ruth Koser-Michaels.<br />

174) Dannenberg, Hans-Dieter: Schwein haben; 1. Aufl.; 1990; Gustav Fischer; Jena; ISBN<br />

3334002985; His<strong>to</strong>risches und Histörchen vom Schwein.<br />

175) Musil, Robert: Gesammelte Werke 3; 1. Aufl.; 1978; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN<br />

3499300036; Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften.<br />

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176) Musil, Robert: Gesammelte Werke 4; 1. Aufl.; 1978; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN<br />

3499300044; Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften.<br />

177) Musil, Robert: Gesammelte Werke 5; 1. Aufl.; 1978; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN<br />

3499300052; Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften.<br />

178) Musil, Robert: Gesammelte Werke 6; 1. Aufl.; 1978; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN<br />

3499300060; Prosa und Stücke.<br />

179) Musil, Robert: Gesammelte Werke 7; 1. Aufl.; 1978; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN<br />

3499300079; Kleine Prosa - Aphorismen - Au<strong>to</strong>biographisches.<br />

180) Musil, Robert: Gesammelte Werke 8; 1. Aufl.; 1978; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN<br />

3499300087; Essays und Reden.<br />

181) Bundesministerium des Innern (Hrsg.): Was Sie schon immer über Umweltschutz wissen<br />

wollten; 2. Aufl.; 1981; Kohlhammer; Stuttgart; ISBN 3170072595; Aufklärung der Öffentlichkeit<br />

in Umweltfragen.<br />

182) Falke, Jutta; Kaspar, Ulrich (Hrsg.): Politiker beschimpfen Politiker; 2., durchges. Aufl.;<br />

1998; Reclam; Leipzig; ISBN 3379016179; Mit einem Nachwort von Heiner Geißler.<br />

183) Lucas, Manfred: Arbeitszeugnisse richtig deuten; 17., aktualisierte Aufl.; 1997; Econ;<br />

Düsseldorf; ISBN 3612213105; Taschenbuch.<br />

184) Heinser, Bernhard (Hrsg.): Weihnachten; 7. Aufl.; 1995; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag;<br />

München; ISBN 3423240008; Prosa aus der Weltliteratur.<br />

185) ohne Angaben: Marco Polo Reiseführer; 1. Aufl.; 1997; Mairs Geographischer Verlag;<br />

Ostfildern; ISBN 3895254401; Die wichtigsten Sprachen.<br />

186) Kammer, Hilde; Bartsch, Elisabet: Jugendlexikon Politik; 2., akt. und. erw. Aufl.; 1977;<br />

Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN 3499161834; 800 einfache Antworten auf schwierige Fragen.<br />

187) Chen, Chao-Hsiu: Feng Shui; 3. Aufl.; 1996; Wilhelm Heyne; München; ISBN<br />

345310997X; Gesund und glücklich wohnen in Buddhas Haus und Garten.<br />

188) James, Paul: Prince Edward; 1. Aufl.; 1995; Lübbe; Bergisch Gladbach; ISBN<br />

340461321X; Der jüngste Sohn der Queen.<br />

189) Ferguson, Sarah: Meine Geschichte; 3. Aufl.; 1996; Lübbe; Bergisch Gladbach; ISBN<br />

3404126505; Aufgeschrieben von Jeff Coplon.<br />

190) Lexikonredaktion des Franz Schneider Verlages (Hrsg.): Reiten A - Z; 1. Aufl.; 1977;<br />

Franz Schneider; München; ISBN 3505077828; Das Lexikon für Pferdefreunde.<br />

191) Schäfer, Michael: Die Sprache des Pferdes; 1. Aufl.; 1980; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN<br />

3499173824; Lebensweise und Ausdrucksformen.<br />

192) Smythe, R. H.: Pferdeverhalten - verständlich gemacht; 2. Aufl.; 1976; Franckh'sche<br />

Verlagshandlung; Stuttgart; ISBN 3440042391; Franckhs Reiterbibliothek.<br />

193) Zeeb, Klaus: Pferde dressiert von Fredy Knie; 1. Aufl.; 1975; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN<br />

3499169290; Eine Verhaltensstudie.<br />

194) Stern, Horst: Bemerkungen über Pferde; Unkekürzte Ausgabe; 1977; Rowohlt; Reinbek;<br />

ISBN 3499168413; Taschenbuch.<br />

195) Podhajsky, Alois: Die klassische Reitkunst; 1. Aufl.; 1980; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN<br />

349917037X; Eine Reitlehre von den Anfängen bis zur Vollendung.<br />

196) Berg, Dagmar von (Hrsg.): Reiterbrevier; 1. Aufl.; 1979; Wilhelm Heyne; München;<br />

ISBN 3453420618; Taschenbuch.<br />

197) Einstein, Albert: Mein Weltbild; Unveränd. Ausg.; 1989; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main;<br />

ISBN 3548346839; Hrsg. von Carl Seelig.<br />

198) Einstein, Albert; Born, Hedwig; Born, Max: Briefwechsel 1916-1955; Ungekürzte Ausg.;<br />

1986; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548343457; Geleitwort von Bertrand Russell, Vorwort<br />

von Werner Heisenberg.<br />

199) Wenzel-Bürger, Eva: Gottlieb Engel; 1. Aufl.; 1989; Carlsen; Hamburg; ISBN<br />

3551035954; Pixi-Buch.<br />

200) Drösser, Chris<strong>to</strong>ph: Fuzzy Logic; 1. Aufl.; 1995; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN 3499196190;<br />

Methodische Einführung in krauses Denken.<br />

201) Krishnamurti, Jiddu: Fragen und Antworten; 3. Aufl.; 1986; Goldmann; München; ISBN<br />

3442117534; und sein Gespräch mit Pr<strong>of</strong>. David Bohm über das Erwachen der Intelligenz.<br />

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202) Bibliographisches Institut Mannheim: Taschenbuch der Vornamen; 1. Aufl.; 1973; Humboldt;<br />

München; ISBN 3581662109; gekürzt aus der Originalausgabe des Duden-<br />

Taschenbuches Bd. 4: Lexikon der Vornamen.<br />

203) Whitaker, James: Charles gegen Diana; 1. Aufl.; 1993; Wilhelm Heyne; München; ISBN<br />

3453075285; Szenen einer Ehe.<br />

204) Stendhal: Le Rose et le Vert - Rosa und Grün; Originalausgabe; 1977; Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag;<br />

München; ISBN 3423091266; zweisprachig.<br />

205) Maurier, Daphne du: Meine Cousine Rachel; Ungekürzte Ausgabe; 1979; Ullstein;<br />

Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3548032192; Roman.<br />

206) Hill, Paul: Ges<strong>to</strong>hlene Jahre; 2. Aufl.; 1991; Lübbe; Bergisch Gladbach; ISBN<br />

340461206X; Erfahrungen.<br />

207) Burkowski, Ursula: Weinen in der Dunkelheit; 8. Aufl.; 1993; Lübbe; Bergisch Gladbach;<br />

ISBN 3404612442; Erfahrungen.<br />

208) Benoit, Michel: Gefangener Gottes; 1. Aufl.; 1993; Lübbe; Bergisch Gladbach; ISBN<br />

3404612728; Erfahrungen.<br />

209) Schneider, Wolf: Der vierstöckige Hausbesitzer; Ungekürzte Ausg.; 1996; Deutscher<br />

Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 3423305479; Plauderstunde Deutsch mit 33 Fragezeichen.<br />

210) Krämer, Walter; Trenkler, Götz: Lexikon der populären Irrtümer; 8. Aufl.; 1999; Piper;<br />

München; ISBN 3492224466; 500 kapitale Missverständnisse, Vorurteile und Denkfehler von<br />

Abendrot bis Zeppelin.<br />

211) Padrutt, Hanspeter: Der epochale Winter; Vom Au<strong>to</strong>r durchges. Neuaufl.; 1997; Diogenes;<br />

Zürich; ISBN 3257218451; Zeitgemäße Betrachtungen.<br />

212) Thüsen, Heidi Bohnet-von der (Hrsg.): Denkanstöße '90; Originalausgabe; 1989; Piper;<br />

München; ISBN 3492110584; Ein Lesebuch aus Philosophie, Natur- und Humanwissenschaften.<br />

213) Lorenz, Konrad: Die acht Todsünden der zivilisierten Menschheit; 21. Aufl.; 1989; Piper;<br />

München; ISBN 3492100503; Taschenbuch.<br />

214) Nasemann, Andrea: Guter Rat bei der Wohnungssuche; 1. Aufl.; 1997; C. H. Beck;<br />

München; ISBN 3423506180; Rechtsfragen zu Wohnungsvermittlung, Abschluss und Inhalt<br />

des Mietvertrages, Wohngeld und Umzug.<br />

215) Eysenck, Hans Jürgen: Intelligenz-Test; 185.-194. Tausend; 1988; Rowohlt; Reinbek;<br />

ISBN 3499168782; Taschenbuch.<br />

216) Zeller, Alfred P. (Red.): 1000 Fragen - 1000 Antworten; Neuaufl.; 1987; Delphin; München;<br />

ISBN 3773531141; Taschenbuch.<br />

217) Rühmann, Heinz: Das war's; Ungekürzte Ausgabe; 1985; Ullstein; Frankfurt am Main;<br />

ISBN 3548205216; Erinnerungen.<br />

218) Browne, Dik: Hägar der Schreckliche; 5. Aufl.; 1992; Goldmann; München; ISBN<br />

3442119731; Harte Zeiten, Ein Mann - ein Wort, Ohne Furcht und Tadel.<br />

219) Lust, Thea: Gehe ins Rathaus und ärgere dich täglich; Originalausg.; 1987; Rowohlt;<br />

Reinbek; ISBN 3499159864; Ein Behörden-Abenteuer-Buchspiel.<br />

220) Marcks, Marie: Schöne Aussichten; 2. Aufl.; 1984; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag;<br />

München; ISBN 3423101954; Karikaturen.<br />

221) Bruno, Rainer: MS Duz; Originalausg.; 1991; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN 3499129124;<br />

Computisch für Hochstapler.<br />

222) Stein, Uli: O Mann!; Originalausg.; 1984; Knaur; München; ISBN 3426021293; 99 Zacken<br />

aus der Krone der Schöpfung.<br />

223) Stein, Uli: Leicht behämmert; 2. Aufl.; 1989; Lappan; Oldenburg; ISBN 345302401X;<br />

Erfindungen, die uns gerade noch gefehlt haben.<br />

224) Traxler, Hans: Gmbh & Kohl KG; 1. Aufl.; 1984; Schirmer-Mosel; München; ISBN<br />

3888141559; Diesem...,unserem Lande!.<br />

225) Wandrey, Uwe (Hrsg.): Heilig Abend zusammen!; 50.-59. Tsd.; 1985; Rowohlt; Reinbek;<br />

ISBN 3499150476; Ein garstiges Allerlei.<br />

226) Bosc: Love and Order; Deutsche Ausgabe; 1973; Diogenes; Zürich; ISBN 3257200668;<br />

Car<strong>to</strong>ons.<br />

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227) Tennant, Rich: Computer sind auch nur Menschen; 1. Aufl.; 1993; Goldmann; München;<br />

ISBN 3442079926; Car<strong>to</strong>ons.<br />

228) Haffner, Sebastian: Geschichte eines Deutschen; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Deutscher Taschenbuch<br />

Verlag; München; ISBN 3423308486; Die Erinnerungen 1914-1933.<br />

229) Walsch, Neale Donald: Gespräche mit Gott Band 1; 1. Aufl.; 2006; Goldmann; München;<br />

ISBN 3442217865; Ein ungewöhnlicher Dialog.<br />

230) Walsch, Neale Donald: Gespräche mit Gott Band 2; 13. Aufl.; 1998; Goldmann; München;<br />

ISBN 3442336120; Gesellschaft und Bewusstseinswandel.<br />

231) Walsch, Neale Donald: Gespräche mit Gott Band 3; 10. Aufl.; 1999; Goldmann; München;<br />

ISBN 3442336279; Kosmische Weisheit.<br />

232) Walsch, Neale Donald: Zuhause in Gott; 1. Aufl.; 2006; Goldmann; München; ISBN<br />

3442337623; Über das Leben nach dem Tode.<br />

233) H<strong>of</strong>stadter, Douglas R.: Gödel, Escher, Bach; 8. Aufl.; 1986; Klett-Cotta; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

360893037X; ein endloses geflochtenes Band.<br />

234) H<strong>of</strong>stadter, Douglas R.: Metamagicum; 1. Aufl.; 1988; Klett-Cotta; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

3608930892; Fragen nach der Essenz von Geist und Struktur.<br />

235) Pelletier, Robert: Das Buch der Aspekte; 1. Aufl.; 1985; Hugendubel; München; ISBN<br />

3880342776; Astrologie.<br />

236) Fankhauser, Alfred: Horoskopie; 4. Aufl.; 1985; Orell Füssli; Zürich; ISBN 3280015693;<br />

Mit 40 Figuren.<br />

237) Hand, Robert: Das Buch der Transite; 1. Aufl.; 1984; Hugendubel; München; ISBN<br />

3880342415; Lebenzyklen erkennen und nutzen.<br />

238) Fellowship, Rosicrucian: Ephemerides 1900-2000; 3rd ed.; 1984; Maison Rosicrucienne;<br />

Aubenas; ISBN 2902450206; Astrologie.<br />

239) Prónay, Alexander von: Die große Partnerschafts-Analyse; 2. Aufl.; 1990; Rohm; Bietigheim;<br />

ISBN 3876831237; Die Beziehungen zwischen den Menschen im<br />

Horoskopvergleich.<br />

240) Sachs, Gunter: Die Akte Astrologie; 3. Aufl.; 1997; Goldmann; München; ISBN<br />

3442307465; Wissenschaftlicher Nachweis eines Zusammenhangs zwischen den Sternzeichen<br />

und dem menschlichen Verhalten.<br />

241) Banzhaf, Hajo; Haebler, Anna: Schlüsselworte zur Astrologie; 1. Aufl.; 1994; Hugendubel;<br />

München; ISBN 3880347638; gebunden.<br />

242) Kühn, Volker; Walter, Günter: "Ich bejahe die Frage rundherum mit Ja"; 1. Aufl.; 1985;<br />

Rasch & Röhring; Hamburg; ISBN 3891360398; Einführung in die Kanzlersprache - Mit Kohl-<br />

Kode.<br />

243) Strunz, Ulrich: Forever Young; 5. Aufl.; 2004; Gräfe & Unzer; München; ISBN<br />

3774240019; Das Ernährungsprogramm.<br />

244) Sheldrake, Rupert: Das Gedächtnis der Natur; 4. Aufl.; 1991; Scherz; Bern, München,<br />

Wien; ISBN 3502136505; Das Geheimnis der Entstehung der Formen in der Natur.<br />

245) Blavatsky, Helena Petrowna: Die Geheimlehre; 3. Aufl.; 1992; Adyar; Satteldorf; ISBN<br />

3927837113; Gekürzte Ausgabe.<br />

246) Chown, Marcus: Das Universum nebenan; 1. Aufl.; 2003; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag;<br />

München; ISBN 3423243651; Revolutionäre Ideen in der Astrophysik.<br />

247) Brothers, Joyce; Eagan, Edward P. F.: In 10 Tagen zum vollkommenen Gedächtnis;<br />

Genehmigte Lizenzausg.; 2001; Weltbild; Augsburg; ISBN 3893509631; gebunden.<br />

248) Werner, Günther T.; Nelles, Michaele: Rückenschule; 5. Aufl.; 2003; Gräfe & Unzer;<br />

München; ISBN 3774218005; Endlich schmerzfrei und entspannt.<br />

249) Schonert-Hirz, Sabine: Alles wollen, <strong>all</strong>es können, <strong>all</strong>es schaffen energy; 4. Aufl.; 2005;<br />

Gräfe & Unzer; München; ISBN 3774232296; Stress in Energie umwandeln - Innere Kraftquellen<br />

entdecken - Ziele sicher erreichen.<br />

250) Medawar, Peter B.: Ratschläge für einen jungen Wissenschaftler; 1. Aufl.; 1984; Piper;<br />

München; ISBN 3492028675; gebunden.<br />

251) Jelínek, J.: Das große Bilderlexikon des Menschen in der Vorzeit; 1. Aufl.; 1975; Bertelsmann;<br />

Gütersloh; ISBN 3570031500; gebunden.<br />

252) Öztürk, Yasar Nuri: 400 Fragen zum Islam 400 Antworten; 3. Aufl.; 2003; Grupello;<br />

Düsseldorf; ISBN 3933749174; Ein Handbuch.<br />

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253) Wolf, Notker: Worauf warten wir?; 1. Aufl.; 2006; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN 3499620944;<br />

Ketzerische Gedanken zu Deutschland.<br />

254) Frankl, Vik<strong>to</strong>r E.: Der unbewusste Gott; 8. Aufl.; 2006; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag;<br />

München; ISBN 342335058X; Psychotherapie und Religion.<br />

255) Schellenbaum, Peter: Gottesbilder; 3. Aufl.; 2004; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag;<br />

München; ISBN 3423340797; Religion, Psychoanalyse, Tiefenpsychologie.<br />

256) Wetzig-Würth, Herta; Müller, Peter: Das psychotherapeutische Gespräch; 1. Aufl.;<br />

2000; Springer; Berlin; ISBN 3540672516; Therapeutisch wirksame Dialoge in der Arztpraxis.<br />

257) Dieterich, Michael: Seelsorge kompakt; 1. Aufl.; 2006; Brockhaus; Wuppertal; ISBN<br />

3417249465; Zehn Grundlagen für eine ganzheitlich orientierte Beratung und Therapie.<br />

258) Becker, Volker J.: Gottes geheime Gedanken; 1. Aufl.; 2006; Books on Demand; Norderstedt;<br />

ISBN 3833448059; Was uns westliche Physik und östliche Mystik über Gott und<br />

Geist, Urkn<strong>all</strong> und Universum, Sinn und Sein sagen können.<br />

259) Ot<strong>to</strong>, Rudolf: Das Heilige; 41.-44. Tsd.; 1979; C. H. Beck; München; ISBN 3406025234;<br />

Über das Irrationale in der Idee des Göttlichen und sein Verhältnis zum Rationalen.<br />

260) Augustinus, Aurelius: Aufstieg zu Gott; 1. Aufl.; 2001; Patmos; Düsseldorf; ISBN<br />

3491703328; Hrsg., eing. und übers. von Ladislaus Boros.<br />

261) Henry, Gray; Marriott, Susannah: Perlen des Glaubens; 1. Aufl.; 2003; Hugendubel;<br />

München; ISBN 3720523810; Wege zu Meditation und Spiritualität: Rosenkränze, Gebetsketten<br />

und heilige Worte.<br />

262) Lauxmann, Frieder: Wonach sollen wir uns richten?; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Kreuz; Stuttgart;<br />

ISBN 3783121140; Ethische Grundmodelle von den Zehn Geboten bis zum Projekt Weltethos.<br />

263) Lauxmann, Frieder: Die Philosophie der Weisheit; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Nymphenburger; München;<br />

ISBN 3485009229; Die andere Art zu denken.<br />

264) Eastman, Dick: Wunder sind mir kein Problem; 1. Aufl.; 1998; Hänssler; Neuhausen-<br />

Stuttgart; ISBN 3775128794; Wie Gott jedes Haus erreicht.<br />

265) Mertz, Bernd A.: Das Grundwissen der Astrologie; 1. Aufl.; 1999; Seehamer; Weyarn;<br />

ISBN 3934058043; Persönlichkeit, Lebensplan, Partnerschaft, Zukunft.<br />

266) Taeger, Hans Hinrich: Astroenergetik; 1. Aufl.; 1983; Papyrus; Hamburg; ISBN<br />

3922731112; Die zwölf kosmischen Energien.<br />

267) Ebertin, Reinhold: Kombination der Gestirneinflüsse; 12. Aufl.; 1983; Ebertin; Freiburg;<br />

ISBN 3871860506; Astrologie.<br />

268) Ring, Thomas: Astrologische Menschenkunde III; 6. Aufl.; 1984; Bauer; Freiburg; ISBN<br />

3762604231; Kombinationslehre.<br />

269) Andrieu, Irène: Karma im Horoskop; 1. Aufl.; 1989; Hugendubel; München; ISBN<br />

3880344388; Die Deutung von Mondknoten, rückläufigen Planeten und Karmaregenten.<br />

270) Huber, Bruno: Intelligenz im Horoskop; 1. Aufl.; 1981; Astrologisch-Psychologisches<br />

Institut; Adliswil; ISBN 3855231070; Au<strong>to</strong>didacta No. 107.<br />

271) Muckenschnabel, W. R.: Was die Handschrift verrät; Sonderausg.; 1986; Gondrom;<br />

Bindlach; ISBN 3811204572; Graphologie.<br />

272) Klages, Ludwig: Handschrift und Charakter; 28. Aufl.; 1982; Bouvier; Bonn; ISBN<br />

3416003128; Gemeinverständlicher Abriss der graphologischen Technik.<br />

273) Bonert, Klaus W.; Bielkine, Helga; Hand, Robert: Ephemeride 1850-2050; 2., neu<br />

berechn. Aufl.; 1988; Astron; Hamburg; ISBN 3925822003; Der Asteroiden Ceres, P<strong>all</strong>as,<br />

Juno, Vesta und von Cheiron, Isis.<br />

274) Ebertin, Reinhold: Direktionen - Mitgestalter des Schicksals; 12. Aufl.; 1988; Ebertin;<br />

Freiburg; ISBN 3871860700; Astrologie.<br />

275) Stein, Zane B.: Chiron; 2., erw. Aufl.; 1988; Chiron; Dusslingen; ISBN 3925100067; Astrologie.<br />

276) Rudhyar, Dane: Das astrologische Häusersystem; 3. Aufl.; 1984; Hugendubel; München;<br />

ISBN 3880340994; Das Spektrum der individuellen Erfahrung.<br />

277) Rohr, Richard; Ebert, Andreas: Das Enneagramm; 28. Aufl.; 1996; Claudius; München;<br />

ISBN 353262088X; Die 9 Gesichter der Seele.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 127 <strong>of</strong> 154


278) Wheeler, Mortimer: Römische Kunst und Architektur; 1. Aufl.; 1969; Droemer/Knaur;<br />

München; ASIN B0000BU5R7; Mit 215 Abbildungen, davon 60 in Farben.<br />

279) Sempé: Wie das Leben so spielt; 1. Aufl.; 1988; Diogenes; Zürich; ISBN 3257020244;<br />

Der gesellschaftliche Aufstieg des Monsieur Lambert.<br />

280) Boyn<strong>to</strong>n, Sandra: Schokolade; 1. Aufl.; 1984; DuMont; Köln; ISBN 377011522; Eine<br />

verzehrende Leidenschaft.<br />

281) Iding, Doris: Für mehr Lebensenergie - Bewusstes Atmen; 2. Aufl.; 2000; Südwest;<br />

München; ISBN 351706162X; Gesundheit und Vitalität mit der Atemtherapie.<br />

282) Denk, Roland: Neue Segelschule; 9., überarb. Aufl.; 1985; BLV Verlagsgesellschaft;<br />

München; ISBN 3405129915; Vom Anfänger zum Führerschein A/R.<br />

283) Organ, Maren (Übers.): Fit, elastisch und gesund; 17. Aufl.; 1989; H<strong>of</strong>fmann & Campe;<br />

Hamburg; ISBN 3455020305; Das tägliche Training für jedermann.<br />

284) Pollay, Heinz: Das Reiterabzeichen leicht gemacht; 3., durchges. Aufl.; 1978; BLV Verlagsgesellschaft;<br />

München; ISBN 3405119316; und <strong>all</strong>es zum Thema Reiter-Pass (FN).<br />

285) Blake, Henry: Versteh dein Pferd; 3. Aufl.; 1976; Albert Müller; Rüschlikon-Zürich; ISBN<br />

327500607X; Neue Wege der Verständigung.<br />

286) Fehringer, Ot<strong>to</strong>: Unser Pferd; 2. Aufl.; 1960; Reimer; Berlin; ASIN B0000BHYJO; Das<br />

neue Pferdebuch für <strong>all</strong>e.<br />

287) Müseler, Wilhelm: Reitlehre; 43. Aufl.; 1977; Parey; Berlin; ASIN B0000BSRGN; Mit 95<br />

Abbildungen.<br />

288) Blendinger, Wilhelm: Psychologie und Verhaltensweisen des Pferdes; 3. Aufl.; 1977;<br />

H<strong>of</strong>fmann; Heidenheim; ISBN 3873433613; mit Vergleichen aus der Psychologie anderer<br />

Tiere und des Menschen.<br />

289) Linneweh, Klaus: Kreatives Denken; 6. Aufl.; 1994; Dieter Gitzel; Rheinzabern; ISBN<br />

3921184223; Techniken und Organisation produktiver Kreativität.<br />

290) Golluch, Norbert; Kochan, Stano: Das fröhliche Frauenhasserbuch; 1. Aufl.; 1986;<br />

Eichborn; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3821818220; Humor.<br />

291) Mayer, Jeffrey J.: Zeitmanagement für Dummies; 2. Nachdruck; 1999; MITP; Bonn;<br />

ISBN 3826627601; mit CD-ROM.<br />

292) Metzig, Werner; Schuster, Martin: Lernen zu lernen; 4. Aufl.; 1998; Springer; Berlin;<br />

ISBN 3540646582; Lernstrategien wirkungsvoll einsetzen.<br />

293) Dobson, John H.: Learn New Testament Greek; 2nd Ed.; 1997; Bible Society; Swindon;<br />

ISBN 0564082252; with tape.<br />

294) S<strong>to</strong>ck, Leo: Langenscheidts Kurzgrammatik Altgriechisch; 12. Aufl.; 2000; Langenscheidt;<br />

Berlin; ISBN 3468350309; Das Wichtigste aus der Grammatik mit praktischen Beispielen.<br />

295) Kaiser, Birgit (Bearb.): Langenscheidts Grammatiktafel Französisch; 5. Aufl.; 2000;<br />

Langenscheidt; Berlin; ISBN 3468361513; Eine konzentrierte und übersichtliche Darstellung<br />

der Grammatik.<br />

296) Buzan, Tony: Speed Reading; 6. Aufl.; 1999; MVG; Landsberg; ISBN 3478719607;<br />

Schneller lesen, mehr verstehen, besser behalten.<br />

297) Neges, Gertrud; Neges, Richard: Kompaktwissen Management; 2., überarb. und erw.<br />

Aufl.; 1999; Wirtschaftsverlag Ueberreuter; Wien; ISBN 3706405172; Alles, was Führungskräfte<br />

wissen müssen, mit vielen F<strong>all</strong>beispielen und Checklisten.<br />

298) ohne Angaben: Die Geschichte der Familie; 1. Aufl.; 1975; ECM; Freiburg/Schweiz;<br />

ohne ISBN; Moderne Familie.<br />

299) Emde-Naegelsbach, Barbara; Zeller, Alfred P. (Bearb.): Sammeln macht Spaß; 1. Aufl.;<br />

1975; ECM; Freiburg/Schweiz; ohne ISBN; Moderne Familie.<br />

300) Weiß, Max: Schach; genehmigte Ausgabe; 1976; Buch und Zeit Verlagsgesellschaft;<br />

Köln; ohne ISBN; Einführung, Taktik, Musterspiele.<br />

301) Remarque, Erich Maria: Im Westen nichts Neues; 1. Aufl.; 1974; Ullstein; Berlin; ohne<br />

ISBN; Einführung von Hans Habe, Originalillustrationen von Gilbert Koull.<br />

302) Rochester, Jack B.; Gantz, John: Der nackte Computer; 1. Aufl.; 1984; DuMont; Köln;<br />

ISBN 3770116623; Für Laien und Fachleute, Kritiker und Enthusiasten - Erfinder, Rekorde,<br />

Geschichte, Fehler, Anekdoten, Fakten.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 128 <strong>of</strong> 154


303) Eiden, Chris<strong>to</strong>ph; Fiebelmann, Heinz; Kramer, Mike: PC Hardware; 1. Aufl.; 1997; BHV;<br />

Kaarst-Büttgen; ISBN 3893602682; Verstehen, Aufrüsten, Optimieren.<br />

304) Hansen, Hans Robert: Wirtschaftsinformatik I; 5., neubearb. und erw. Aufl.; 1986; Fischer;<br />

Stuttgart; ISBN 3437401726; Einführung in die betriebliche Datenverarbeitung.<br />

305) Göpfrich, Hans Rudolf: Wirtschaftsinformatik II; 3., völlig neubearb. und erw. Aufl.;<br />

1988; Fischer; Stuttgart; ISBN 3437401971; Strukturierte Programmierung in COBOL.<br />

306) Hansen, Hans Robert: Wirtschaftsinformatik I; 6., neubearb. und stark erw. Aufl.; 1992;<br />

Fischer; Stuttgart; ISBN 3437402862; Einführung in die betriebliche Datenverarbeitung.<br />

307) Vester, Frederic: Denken, Lernen, Vergessen; 11. Aufl.; 1984; Deutscher Taschenbuch<br />

Verlag; München; ISBN 3421026726; Was geht in unserem Kopf vor, wie lernt das Gehirn,<br />

und wann lässt es uns im Stich?.<br />

308) Bender, Hans: Parapsychologie; 28.-32. Tsd.; 1980; Fischer; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN<br />

3596263166; Ihre Ergebnisse und Probleme.<br />

309) Döbereiner, Wolfgang: Schütze; 7. Aufl.; 1981; Wilhelm Heyne; München; ISBN<br />

3453460162; 23. November - 21. Dezember.<br />

310) Eysenck, Hans Jürgen; Nias, David: Astrologie; 1. Aufl.; 1984; Deutscher Taschenbuch<br />

Verlag; München; ISBN 3423103507; Wissenschaft oder Aberglaube?.<br />

311) Prónay, Alexander von: Die Sterne haben doch recht; 1. Aufl.; 1982; Moewig; Hamburg;<br />

ISBN 381183164X; Astrologie.<br />

312) Weltenburger, Martin (Hrsg.): Das persönliche Horoskop für <strong>all</strong>e, die am 25. August<br />

geboren sind; 1. Aufl.; 1987; Das persönliche Geburtstagsbuch; München; ISBN<br />

3818411581; Astrologie.<br />

313) Bear, Sun; Wabun: Indianische Astrologie der Erde; 1. Aufl.; 1986; Goldmann; München;<br />

ISBN 3442109779; 21. Mai - 20. Juni, Hirsch, Geboren unter dem Mond der Maisaussaat,<br />

Das Medizinrad.<br />

314) Weiss, C. Joachim: Der Astrokalender 1987; 1. Aufl.; 1986; Wilhelm Heyne; München;<br />

ISBN 3453417259; Ein Jahreshoroskop für <strong>all</strong>e Sternzeichen von Januar bis Dezember.<br />

315) Heath, Ian: Das Jungfrau-Buch; 1. Aufl.; 1985; Droemer/Knaur; München; ISBN<br />

3426261715; Taschenbuch.<br />

316) Sakoian, Frances; Acker, Louis S.: Das große Lehrbuch der Astrologie; 4. Aufl.; 1982;<br />

Droemer/Knaur; München; ISBN 3426076071; Wie man Horoskope stellt und nach neuesten<br />

wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen Charakter und Schicksal deutet.<br />

317) ohne Angaben: Die Deutsche Ephemeride V 1961-1970; 6. Aufl.; 1982; Barth; München;<br />

ISBN 3502688052; Astrologie.<br />

318) Sargent, Lois Haines: Partnerschaftsastrologie; 1. Aufl.; 1988; Droemer/Knaur; München;<br />

ISBN 3426041847; Was Horoskope über Beziehungen zu Mitmenschen aussagen.<br />

319) Meyer, Hermann: Partnerschaft, Gesundheit und Glück in der psychologischen Astrologie;<br />

Genehmigte Taschenbuchausgabe; 1988; Wilhelm Heyne; München; ISBN 3453009371;<br />

Vorschläge zur eigenen Schicksalsgestaltung.<br />

320) Roscher, Michael: Das Buch der Horoskope; 1. Aufl.; 1990; Droemer/Knaur; München;<br />

ISBN 3426042347; 240 Horoskope bekannter Persönlichkeiten.<br />

321) Lundsted, Betty: Astrologische Aspekte; 1. Aufl.; 1988; Droemer/Knaur; München; ISBN<br />

3426041825; Ihre weibliche und männliche Seite.<br />

322) Gauquelin, Michel: Kosmische Einflüsse auf menschliches Verhalten; 1. Aufl.; 1983;<br />

Hermann Bauer; Freiburg; ISBN 3762606064; esotera Taschenbücherei.<br />

323) ohne Angaben: Alles über den Jungfrau-Menschen 24. August - 23. September; 5.<br />

Aufl.; 1979; Moewig; Rastatt; ISBN 3811869922; Wesen und Verhalten in <strong>all</strong>en Lebenslagen.<br />

324) Dietrich, Eva: Astro-Graphologie; 1. Aufl.; 1981; Goldmann; München; ISBN<br />

3442108586; Der neue Schlüssel zur Charakterdeutung und Selbsterkenntnis.<br />

325) Cobbaert, Anne-Marie: Graphologie; 1. Aufl.; 1982; Droemer/Knaur; München; ISBN<br />

3426041022; Schriften erkennen und deuten, mit 273 Schriftproben im laufenden Text.<br />

326) Ehwald, Ursula; Lauster, Peter: Handschriften deuten; 1. Aufl.; 1976; Humboldt; München;<br />

ISBN 3581662744; So beurteilt die Graphologie den Charakter, mit Testfolgen und<br />

Tips.<br />

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327) Schmid, Horst: Biorhythmik; Genehmigte Sonderausgabe; 1980; Buch und Zeit; Köln;<br />

ohne ISBN; Die neue Lebenshilfe, Höhen und Tiefen der persönlichen Lebenskurven vorausberechnen<br />

und danach handeln.<br />

328) Thurber, James: Zehn goldene Regeln für das Zusammenleben/Der Hund, der die Leute<br />

biss; 1. Aufl.; 1991; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN 3499130505; Taschenbuch.<br />

329) Kratz, Hans-Jürgen: Das Vorstellungsgespräch; 1. Aufl.; 1996; Walh<strong>all</strong>a; Regensburg;<br />

ISBN 3802938402; Optimal vorbereitet auf Ihren Live-Auftritt.<br />

330) Oberbeil, Klaus: Gesundheit aus der Natur - Bios<strong>to</strong>ffe; 1. Aufl.; 1998; Südwest; München;<br />

ISBN 3517080217; Mit Vitaminen, Mineralien, Spurenelementen, Enzymen und<br />

Bi<strong>of</strong>lavonoiden viele Krankheiten heilen.<br />

331) Hargreaves, Gloria; Wilson, Peggy: Die Schrift als Ausdruck der Persönlichkeit; 1. Aufl.;<br />

1985; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN 3499179156; Ein graphologisches Handbuch von A-Z.<br />

332) Salny, Abbie; Grosswirth, Marvin: Das endgültige Mensa-Quiz-Buch; 1. Aufl.; 1987;<br />

DuMont; Köln; ISBN 3770117344; Für Genies und solche, die es werden wollen - mit Witz,<br />

Tempo und Wissen gegen den intelligentesten Club der Welt.<br />

333) Salberg-Steinhardt, Barbara: Die Schrift: Geschichte - Gestaltung - Anwendung; 1.<br />

Aufl.; 1983; DuMont; Köln; ISBN 377011454X; Ein Lern- und Lehrbuch für die Praxis.<br />

334) Butschkow, Peter: Viel Spaß im Büro!; 2. Aufl.; 1992; Lappan; Oldenburg; ISBN<br />

3890824102; Car<strong>to</strong>ons.<br />

335) Gaymann, Peter: Hühner auf Reisen; 1. Aufl.; 1990; Wilhelm Heyne; München; ISBN<br />

3453037022; Car<strong>to</strong>ons.<br />

336) Serebriak<strong>of</strong>f, Vic<strong>to</strong>r: Mensa Quadrat; 1. Aufl.; 1989; Wilhelm Heyne; München; ISBN<br />

3453031105; Denksportaufgaben für Hochbegabte.<br />

337) Knieß, Michael: Kreativitätstechniken; 1. Aufl.; 2006; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag;<br />

München; ISBN 3423509066; Methoden und Übungen.<br />

338) Weisbach, Christian-Rainer: Pr<strong>of</strong>essionelle Gesprächsführung; 4., überarb. und erw.<br />

Aufl.; 1999; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 3432058455; Ein praxisnahes<br />

Lese- und Übungsbuch.<br />

339) Statistisches Bundesamt (Hrsg.): Zahlenkompass; 4. Aufl.; 1996; Metzler-Poeschel;<br />

Stuttgart; ISBN 3824604485; Statistisches Taschenbuch für Deutschland.<br />

340) Oheim, Gertrud: Einmaleins des guten Tons; 6. Aufl.; 1955; Bertelsmann; Gütersloh;<br />

ohne ISBN; Praktische Ratgeber.<br />

341) Schneider, Wolf: Deutsch für Kenner; 5. Aufl.; 2000; Piper; München; ISBN<br />

3492222161; Die neue Stilkunde.<br />

342) Buchholz, Kai (Hrsg.): Liebe; 1. Aufl.; 2007; Goldmann; München; ISBN 3442077567;<br />

Ein philosophisches Lesebuch.<br />

343) Schmitt, An<strong>to</strong>n: Führer durch Fulda; 14. Aufl.; 1995; Parzeller; Fulda; ISBN<br />

3790002585; Mit Planskizze und zahlreichen Abbildungen.<br />

344) Reincke, Madeleine (Bearb.): Großbritannien und Nordirland; 7. Aufl.; 1998; Baedeker;<br />

Ostfildern; ISBN 3875045068; Reiseführer mit großer Reisekarte.<br />

345) Abend, Bernhard; Schliebitz, Anja: Schweiz; 11. Aufl.; 2004; Baedeker; Ostfildern; ISBN<br />

3875045211; Reiseführer mit großer Reisekarte.<br />

346) Beck, Vera; Bernhard, Marianne; Eisenschmid, Rainer; Reincke, Madelein: Berlin; 13.<br />

Aufl.; 2000; Baedeker; Ostfildern; ISBN 3875041267; Reiseführer mit großem Stadtplan.<br />

347) Bauer, E.-G.; Eisenschmid, Rainer; Grünewald, Margit et al.: Dresden; 10. Aufl.; 2006;<br />

Baedeker; Ostfildern; ISBN 3829710275; Reiseführer mit großem Cityplan.<br />

348) Beck, Vera; Branscheid, Barbara; Galenschovski, Carmen et al.: Frankfurt am Main; 6.<br />

Aufl.; 1998; Baedeker; Ostfildern; ISBN 3895251437; Reiseführer mit großem Stadtplan.<br />

349) Kelch, Johannes; Linde, Helmut et al.: München; 9. Aufl.; 2000; Baedeker; Ostfildern;<br />

ISBN 3875041275; Reiseführer mit großem Stadtplan.<br />

350) Bourmer, Achim; Eisenschmid, Rainer; Schliebitz, Anja et al.: New York; 8. Aufl.; 1998;<br />

Baedeker; Ostfildern; ISBN 3895258105; Reiseführer mit großem Stadtplan.<br />

351) Reincke, Madeleine (Bearb.): Paris; 10. Aufl.; 1999; Baedeker; Ostfildern; ISBN<br />

3875040597; Reiseführer mit großer Reisekarte.<br />

352) Reincke, Madeleine (Bearb.): Rom; 10. Aufl.; 1998; Baedeker; Ostfildern; ISBN<br />

3875041259; Reiseführer mit großem Stadtplan.<br />

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353) Branscheid, Barbara; Bourmer, Achim; Luippold, Dieter et al.: Rügen - Hidden<strong>see</strong>; 5.<br />

Aufl.; 2003; Baedeker; Ostfildern; ISBN 3895254363; Reiseführer mit großer Inselkarte.<br />

354) Galenschovski, Carmen; Reincke, Madeleine et al.: Wien; 11. Aufl.; 2002; Baedeker;<br />

Ostfildern; ISBN 3875041321; Reiseführer mit großem Cityplan.<br />

355) Höh, Peter: Insel Usedom; 1. Aufl.; 2001; Reise Know-How; Bielefeld; ISBN<br />

3894166916; Urlaubshandbuch.<br />

356) Nicholson, Robert; Barber, Romek (Des.): Colour London Streetfinder; 1st Ed.; 1991;<br />

Nicholson; London; ISBN 0702816884; Spiral Bound.<br />

357) Leech, Michael: New York; Überarb. Ausg.; 1997; Könemann; Köln; ISBN 389508879X;<br />

Reiseführer.<br />

358) Geiss, Heide Marie Karin: München; 5., akt. Aufl.; 2000; DuMont; Köln; ISBN<br />

377012670X; Reise-Taschenbuch.<br />

359) Sorges, Jürgen: Rom; Kompl. akt. Aufl.; 2000; Polyglott; München; ISBN 3493597088;<br />

Reiseführer.<br />

360) Redell, August (Hrsg.): Norderney erzählt; 2. Aufl.; 1995; Hansen & Hansen; Münsterdorf;<br />

ISBN 3879803056; Geschichten, Anekdoten, Erinnerungen.<br />

361) Stiemert, Elisabeth; Schmidt, Waltraut: Kater Timtetater; 1. Aufl.; 1986; Gerstenberg;<br />

Hildesheim; ISBN 3806740577; Taschenbuch.<br />

362) Clark, Elisabeth: Das Eselchen und der Weihnachtsmann; 1. Aufl.; 1998; Coppenrath;<br />

Münster; ISBN 3815717086; Illustriert von Jan Ormerod.<br />

363) Weis, Erich (Bearb.): Grund- und Aufbauwortschatz Englisch; 1. Aufl.; 1989; Klett;<br />

Stuttgart; ISBN 3125195101; Taschenbuch.<br />

364) Schäfer, Karl-Heinz; Zimmermann, Bernhard (Bearb.): Langenscheidts Taschenwörterbuch<br />

Altgriechisch; 7. Aufl.; 1998; Langenscheidt; Berlin; ISBN 3468100310; Altgriechisch -<br />

Deutsch, Deutsch - Altgriechisch.<br />

365) Pertsch, Erich (Bearb.): Langenscheidts Taschenwörterbuch Lateinisch; 29. Aufl.; 1980;<br />

Langenscheidt; Berlin; ISBN 3469102003; Lateinisch - Deutsch, Deutsch - Lateinisch.<br />

366) Lange-Kowal, Ernst Erwin (Bearb.): Langenscheidts Schulwörterbuch Französisch; 12.<br />

Aufl.; 1981; Langenscheidt; Berlin; ISBN 346813150X; Französisch - Deutsch, Deutsch -<br />

Französisch.<br />

367) Fuchs, Sebastian; Wenzel, Veronika (Bearb.): Langenscheidts Universal-Sprachführer<br />

Niederländisch; 1. Aufl.; 1998; Langenscheidt; Berlin; ISBN 3468232306; Praktische Redewendungen<br />

und Wörter für die Reise.<br />

368) Dierkes, Hans (Hrsg.): Philosophische Anthropologie; 1. Aufl.; 1995; Reclam; Stuttgart;<br />

ISBN 3150150124; Arbeitstexte für den Unterricht.<br />

369) Leibniz, Go<strong>ttf</strong>ried Wilhelm: Monadologie; 1. Aufl.; 1998; Reclam; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

3150078539; Französisch/Deutsch.<br />

370) Aris<strong>to</strong>teles: Nikomachische Ethik; 1. Aufl.; 1999; Reclam; Stuttgart; ISBN 3150085861;<br />

Übersetzung und Nachwort von Franz Dirlmeier.<br />

371) Sainsbury, R. M.: Paradoxien; 1. Aufl.; 1994; Reclam; Stuttgart; ISBN 315008881X; Aus<br />

dem Englischen übersetzt von Vincent C. Müller.<br />

372) Kant, Immanuel: Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft; 1. Aufl.;<br />

2004; Reclam; Stuttgart; ISBN 3150012317; Hrsg. von Rudolf Malter.<br />

373) Heidegger, Martin: Der Ursprung des Kunstwerkes; 1. Aufl.; 1997; Reclam; Stuttgart;<br />

ISBN 3150084466; Mit einer Einführung von Hans-Georg Gadamer.<br />

374) Aris<strong>to</strong>teles: Metaphysik; Bibliograph. erg. Ausg.; 1997; Reclam; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

3150079136; Übersetzt und herausgegeben von Franz F. Schwarz.<br />

375) Martens, Ekkehard: Zwischen Gut und Böse; 1. Aufl.; 1997; Reclam; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

3150096359; Elementare Fragen angewandter Philosophie.<br />

376) Peirce, Ch. S.; James, W.; Schiller, F. C. S.; Dewey, J.: Pragmatismus; 1. Aufl.; 1997;<br />

Reclam; Stuttgart; ISBN 3150097991; Mit einer Einleitung herausgegeben von Ekkehard<br />

Martens.<br />

377) Strawson, Peter Frederick: Einzelding und logisches Subjekt (Individuals); 1. Aufl.;<br />

1995; Reclam; Stuttgart; ISBN 3150094100; Ein Beitrag zur deskriptiven Metaphysik.<br />

378) Konfuzius: Gespräche; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Reclam; Stuttgart; ISBN 3150096561; Aus dem<br />

Chinesischen übersetzt und herausgegeben von Ralf Moritz.<br />

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379) Mittelstraß, Jürgen (Hrsg.): Enzyklopädie Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie Band<br />

1: A-G; Unveränd. Sonderausg.; 2004; Metzler; Stuttgart; ISBN 3476020126; Lexikon.<br />

380) Mittelstraß, Jürgen (Hrsg.): Enzyklopädie Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie Band<br />

2: H-O; Unveränd. Sonderausg.; 2004; Metzler; Stuttgart; ISBN 3476020126; Lexikon.<br />

381) Mittelstraß, Jürgen (Hrsg.): Enzyklopädie Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie Band<br />

3: P-So; Unveränd. Sonderausg.; 2004; Metzler; Stuttgart; ISBN 3476020126; Lexikon.<br />

382) Mittelstraß, Jürgen (Hrsg.): Enzyklopädie Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie Band<br />

4: Sp-Z; Unveränd. Sonderausg.; 2004; Metzler; Stuttgart; ISBN 3476020126; Lexikon.<br />

383) Inwood, Michael: Heidegger; 1. Aufl.; 2004; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN 3926642467; Spektrum<br />

Meisterdenker.<br />

384) Nishitani, Keiji: Was ist Religion?; 1. Aufl.; 2001; Insel; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN<br />

3458344292; Taschenbuch.<br />

385) Möbuß, Susanne: Plotin; 1. Aufl.; 2005; Panorama; Wiesbaden; ISBN 3926642637;<br />

Große Denker.<br />

386) Martin, Go<strong>ttf</strong>ried: Pla<strong>to</strong>n; 46.-50. Tsd.; 1980; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN 3499501503; in<br />

Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten.<br />

387) Bloch, Ernst; Herzfelde, Wieland: Briefwechsel 1938-1949; 1. Aufl.; 2001; Suhrkamp;<br />

Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3518582593; Wir haben das Leben wieder vor uns.<br />

388) Mainzer, Klaus: Computerphilosophie zur Einführung; 1. Aufl.; 2003; Junius; Hamburg;<br />

ISBN 3885063832; Taschenbuch.<br />

389) Machiavelli, Niccolò: Der Fürst; 1. Aufl.; 1990; Insel; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN<br />

3458329072; Taschenbuch.<br />

390) Pauen, Michael; Roth, Gerhard (Hrsg.): Neurowissenschaften und Philosophie; 1. Aufl.;<br />

2001; Fink; München; ISBN 3770535480; Eine Einführung.<br />

391) Buhr, Manfred; Kosing, Alfred: Kleines Wörterbuch der marxistisch-leninistischen Philosophie;<br />

2., überarb. und erw. Aufl.; 1974; Dietz; Berlin; ohne ISBN; gebunden.<br />

392) Jaspers, Karl: Die großen Philosophen; 6. Aufl.; 1997; Piper; München; ISBN<br />

3492210023; Erster Band.<br />

393) Alquié, Ferdinand: Plans de philosophie générale; 1. Aufl.; 2000; La Table Ronde; Paris;<br />

ISBN 2710309955; Taschenbuch.<br />

394) Wittgenstein, Ludwig: Tractatus logico-philosophicus/Philosophische Untersuchungen;<br />

1. Aufl.; 1990; Reclam; Leipzig; ISBN 3379006483; Taschenbuch.<br />

395) Kranz, Walther: Die griechische Philosophie; Lizenzausg.; 1997; Dieterich; Leipzig;<br />

ISBN 388059922X; Zugleich eine Einführung in die Philosophie überhaupt.<br />

396) Peirce, Charles Sanders: Vorlesungen über Pragmatismus; 1. Aufl.; 1991; Meiner;<br />

Hamburg; ISBN 3787309845; Mit Einleitung und Anmerkungen neu herausgegeben von Elisabeth<br />

Walther.<br />

397) Brentano, Franz: Philosophische Untersuchungen zu Raum, Zeit und Kontinuum; 1.<br />

Aufl.; 1976; Meiner; Hamburg; ISBN 3787303561; Aus dem Nachlass mit Anmerkungen von<br />

Alfred Kastil herausgegeben und eingeleitet von Stephan Körner und Roderick M. Chrisholm.<br />

398) Luckner, Andreas: Martin Heidegger: "Sein und Zeit"; 1. Aufl.; 1997; Schöningh; Paderborn;<br />

ISBN 350699476X; Ein einführender Kommentar.<br />

399) Birnbacher, Dieter; Hoerster, Norbert (Hrsg.): Texte zur Ethik; 5. Aufl.; 1984; Deutscher<br />

Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 3423060425; dtv Bibliothek.<br />

400) H<strong>of</strong>meister, Heimo: Philosophisch denken; 2., durchges. Aufl.; 1997; Vandenhoeck &<br />

Ruprecht; Göttingen; ISBN 3525032757; Taschenbuch.<br />

401) Heidegger, Martin; Jaspers, Karl: Briefwechsel 1920-1963; 1. Aufl.; 1992; Piper; München;<br />

ISBN 3492112609; Mit 4 Abbildungen auf Tafeln.<br />

402) Kunzmann, Peter; Burkard, Franz-Peter; Wiedmann, Franz: dtv-Atlas zur Philosophie;<br />

2. Aufl.; 1992; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 3423032294; Tafeln und<br />

Texte, mit 111 farbigen Abbildungsseiten.<br />

403) Pla<strong>to</strong>n: Menon/Kratylos/Euthydemos/Hippias maior; 1. Aufl.; 1991; Insel; Frankfurt am<br />

Main; ISBN 3458331034; Griechisch und Deutsch.<br />

404) Warning, Rainer: Rezeptionsästhetik; 4., unveränd. Aufl.; 1993; Fink; München; ISBN<br />

3770510534; Theorie und Praxis.<br />

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405) Hügli, An<strong>to</strong>n; Lübcke, Poul (Hrsg.): Philosophielexikon; 2. Aufl.; 1998; Rowohlt; Reinbek;<br />

ISBN 3499554534; Personen und Begriffe der abendländischen Philosophie von der<br />

Antike bis zur Gegenwart.<br />

406) Hegenbart, Rainer: Wörterbuch der Philosophie; 1. Aufl.; 1984; Humboldt; München;<br />

ISBN 3581664852; Das unentbehrliche Nachschlagewerk über Begriffe und Persönlichkeiten<br />

der Philosophie, über 1500 Stichwörter.<br />

407) Lutz, Bernd (Hrsg.): Die großen Philosophen des 20. Jahrhunderts; 1. Aufl.; 1999;<br />

Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 3423325178; Biographisches Lexikon.<br />

408) Höffe, Otfried: Aris<strong>to</strong>teles; 2., überarb. Aufl.; 1999; C. H. Beck; München; ISBN<br />

3406419607; Mit 7 Abbildungen.<br />

409) Kant, Immanuel: Kritik der reinen Vernunft; 1. Aufl.; 1998; Meiner; Hamburg; ISBN<br />

3787313192; Nach der 1. und 2. Orig.-Ausg. hrsg. von Jens Timmermann. Mit einer Bibliographie<br />

von Heiner Klemme.<br />

410) Kant, Immanuel: Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten; 1. Aufl.; 1999; Meiner; Hamburg;<br />

ISBN 3787314431; Mit einer Einleitung hrsg. von Bernd Kraft und Dieter Schönecker.<br />

411) Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich: Phänomenologie des Geistes; 1. Aufl.; 1988; Meiner;<br />

Hamburg; ISBN 3787307699; Mit einer Einleitung von Wolfgang Bonsiepen.<br />

412) Fetscher, Iring: Marx; 1. Aufl.; 2004; Panorama; Wiesbaden; ISBN 3926642483; Spektrum<br />

Meisterdenker.<br />

413) Gardiner, Patrick: Kierkegaard; 1. Aufl.; 2004; Panorama; Wiesbaden; ISBN<br />

3926642319; Spektrum Meisterdenker.<br />

414) Tanner, Michael: Nietzsche; 1. Aufl.; 2004; Panorama; Wiesbaden; ISBN 3926642459;<br />

Spektrum Meisterdenker.<br />

415) Möbuß, Susanne: Sartre; 1. Aufl.; 2004; Panorama; Wiesbaden; ISBN 3926642300;<br />

Spektrum Meisterdenker.<br />

416) Roth, Gerhard: Fühlen, Denken, Handeln; 1. Aufl.; 2003; Suhrkamp; Frankfurt am Main;<br />

ISBN 3518292781; Wie das Gehirn unser Verhalten steuert.<br />

417) Andersen, Svend: Einführung in die Ethik; 1. Aufl.; 2000; Walter de Gruyter; Berlin;<br />

ISBN 3110150735; Studienbuch.<br />

418) Eliade, Mircea: Die Religionen und das Heilige; 1. Aufl.; 1998; Insel; Frankfurt am Main;<br />

ISBN 345833887X; Elemente der Religionsgeschichte.<br />

419) Dalai Lama: Einführung in den Buddhismus; 16. Aufl.; 2001; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN<br />

3451049465; Die Harvard-Vorlesungen.<br />

420) Hillebrandt, Alfred (Übers.): Upanishaden; 47.-49. Tsd.; 1990; Diederichs; München;<br />

ISBN 3424005754; Die Geheimlehre der Inder.<br />

421) Kennedy, Alex: Was ist Buddhismus?; 1. Aufl.; 1985; Goldmann; München; ISBN<br />

3442123968; Lehre und Weltsicht einer großen geistigen Tradition, die heute auch das westliche<br />

Denken beeinflusst.<br />

422) Rinpoche, Sogyal: Funken der Erleuchtung; 1. Aufl.; 1995; Bertelsmann; Rheda-<br />

Wiedenbrück; ohne ISBN; Buddhistische Weisheit für jeden Tag des Jahres.<br />

423) Esposi<strong>to</strong>, John L.: Von Kopftuch bis Scharia; 3. Aufl.; 2004; Reclam; Leipzig; ISBN<br />

3379201057; Was man über den Islam wissen sollte.<br />

424) Engemann, Wilfried: Einführung in die Homiletik; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Francke; Tübingen;<br />

ISBN 3772022774; Taschenbuch.<br />

425) England, Roger; Bancr<strong>of</strong>t, Anne (Hrsg.): Spirituelle Kostbarkeiten; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Hermann<br />

Bauer; Freiburg; ISBN 3762608652; Zen.<br />

426) Lechner, Odilo: Engel; 1. Aufl.; 2004; Wilhelm Heyne; München; ISBN 3453879449;<br />

Begegnungen mit Gottes Boten.<br />

427) Wachtturm Bibel- und Traktat-Gesellschaft (Hrsg.): Die Suche der Menschheit nach<br />

Gott; 1. Aufl.; 1990; Wachtturm-Gesellschaft; Selters; ohne ISBN; Religion.<br />

428) Wehr, Gerhard: Europäische Mystik; Genehmigte Lizenzausg.; 2005; Panorama; Wiesbaden;<br />

ISBN 3926642548; Eine Einführung.<br />

429) Schweer, Thomas; Rink, Steffen: Benedikt XVI.; 1. Aufl.; 2005; Ullstein; Berlin; ISBN<br />

354836828X; Der deutsche Papst.<br />

430) Dalai Lama: Der Wille zum Frieden; 1. Aufl.; 2005; Fischer; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN<br />

3596167221; Taschenbuch.<br />

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431) Knoblauch, Hubert: Religionssoziologie; 1. Aufl.; 1999; Walter de Gruyter; Berlin; ISBN<br />

3110163470; Sammlung Göschen 2094.<br />

432) Largier, Niklaus (Übers.): Das Buch von der geistigen Armut; 1. Aufl.; 1989; Artemis;<br />

Zürich; ISBN 3760807461; Eine mittelalterliche Unterweisung zum vollkommenen Leben.<br />

433) Schumann, Hans Wolfgang: Die großen Götter Indiens; 1. Aufl.; 2004; Hugendubel;<br />

Kreuzlingen; ISBN 3896314297; Grundzüge von Hinduismus und Buddhismus.<br />

434) Gunturu, Vanamali: Hinduismus; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Hugendubel; Kreuzlingen; ISBN<br />

3720523446; Taschenbuch.<br />

435) Ess, Hans van: Der Konfuzianismus; 1. Aufl.; 2003; C. H. Beck; München; ISBN<br />

3406480063; Mit 4 Abbildungen und 1 Karte.<br />

436) Hasenfratz, Hans-Peter: Religion - was ist das?; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN<br />

3451053225; Lebensorientierung und Andere Wirklichkeit.<br />

437) Vinzent, Markus (Hrsg.): Theologen; 1. Aufl.; 2004; Metzler; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

3476020258; 185 Porträts von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart.<br />

438) Steinseifer, Wolfgang (Hrsg.): Die Bibel auf einen Blick; 1. Aufl.; 2004; Brockhaus;<br />

Wuppertal; ISBN 3417206472; Taschenbuch.<br />

439) Härle, Wilfried: Dogmatik; 2., überarb. Aufl.; 2000; Walter de Gruyter; Berlin; ISBN<br />

3110165899; Lehrbuch.<br />

440) Drosdowski, Günther (Hrsg.): Duden, Die deutsche Rechtschreibung Band 1; 21., völlig<br />

neu bearb. und erw. Aufl.; 1996; Dudenverlag; Mannheim; ISBN 3411040114; Auf der<br />

Grundlage der neuen amtlichen Rechtschreibregeln.<br />

441) Auberle, Anette; Klosa, Annette (Bearb.): Duden, Herkunftswörterbuch Band 7; 3., völlig<br />

neu bearb. und erw. Aufl.; 2001; Dudenverlag; Mannheim; ISBN 3411040734; Etymologie<br />

der deutschen Sprache.<br />

442) Eickh<strong>of</strong>f, Birgit; H<strong>all</strong>er-Wolf, Angelika; Klosa, Annette et al. (Bearb.): Duden, Das Bedeutungswörterbuch<br />

Band 10; 3., neu bearb. und erw. Aufl.; 2002; Dudenverlag; Mannheim;<br />

ISBN 341104103X; Wortbildung und Wortschatz.<br />

443) Baumgärtner, Klaus; Steger, Hugo et al.: Funk-Kolleg Sprache 1; 128.-130. Tsd.; 1985;<br />

Fischer; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3596261112; Eine Einführung in die moderne Linguistik.<br />

444) Baumgärtner, Klaus; Steger, Hugo et al.: Funk-Kolleg Sprache 2; 106.-107. Tsd.; 1986;<br />

Fischer; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3596261120; Eine Einführung in die moderne Linguistik.<br />

445) Gerhardt, Rudolf; Leyendecker, Hans: Lesebuch für Schreiber; 1. Aufl.; 2005; Fischer;<br />

Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3596164117; Vom richtigen Umgang mit der Sprache und von der<br />

Kunst des Zeitunglesens.<br />

446) Franck, Norbert: Schreiben wie ein Pr<strong>of</strong>i; 4., überarb. und erw. Aufl.; 2005; Bund-<br />

Verlag; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN 3766335952; Leitfaden für Texte mit Pfiff und Struktur.<br />

447) Berkenbusch, Eckhard: Praktisches Chinesisch I; 1. Aufl.; 1994; Kommerzieller Verlag;<br />

Peking; ISBN 7100016754; Lehrbuch.<br />

448) Berkenbusch, Eckhard: Praktisches Chinesisch II; 1. Aufl.; 1994; Kommerzieller Verlag;<br />

Peking; ISBN 7100016827; Lehrbuch.<br />

449) Wingen, Hans: Wörterbuch Deutsch - Esperan<strong>to</strong>; 2. Nachdruck; 1984; Olms; Hildesheim;<br />

ISBN 3487070804; Taschenbuch.<br />

450) Grosjean-Maupin, E.: Plena Vortaro de Esperan<strong>to</strong> kun Suplemen<strong>to</strong>; 9. Aufl.; 1980; Sennacieca<br />

Asocio Tutmonda; Paris; ohne ISBN; Suplemen<strong>to</strong> kompilita de Pr<strong>of</strong>. G. Waringhien.<br />

451) Sieber, Helmut: Mathematische Begriffe und Formeln; 1. Aufl.; 1973; Klett; Stuttgart;<br />

ISBN 3127124007; Formelsammlung.<br />

452) Laugwitz, Detlef: Zahlen und Kontinuum; Unveränd. Nachdruck; 1994; Bibliographisches<br />

Institut; Mannheim; ISBN 341103128X; Lehrbücher und Monographien zur Didaktik<br />

der Mathematik Band 5.<br />

453) Lorenzen, Paul: Lehrbuch der konstruktiven Wissenschaftstheorie; 1. Aufl.; 1987; Bibliographisches<br />

Institut; Mannheim; ISBN 3411031549; gebunden.<br />

454) Ebbinghaus, Heinz-Dieter; Flum, Jörg; Thomas, Wolfgang: Einführung in die mathematische<br />

Logik; 3., vollst. überarb. und erw. Aufl.; 1992; Bibliographisches Institut; Mannheim;<br />

ISBN 3411156031; Mathematik.<br />

455) Scheid, Harald: Zahlentheorie; 1. Aufl.; 1991; Bibliographisches Institut; Mannheim;<br />

ISBN 3411148411; Mathematik.<br />

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456) Scheid, Harald: Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung; 1. Aufl.; 1992; Bibliographisches Institut;<br />

Mannheim; ISBN 3411158417; Mathematische Texte Band 6.<br />

457) Lüneburg, Heinz: Vorlesungen über Lineare Algebra; 1. Aufl.; 1993; Bibliographisches<br />

Institut; Mannheim; ISBN 3411161515; Versehen mit der zu ihrem Verständnis nötigen Algebra<br />

sowie einigen Bemerkungen zu ihrer Didaktik.<br />

458) Ebbinghaus, Heinz-Dieter: Einführung in die Mengenlehre; 4. Aufl.; 2003; Spektrum<br />

Akademischer Verlag; Heidelberg; ISBN 3827414113; Mathematik.<br />

459) Wirth, Niklaus: Algorithmen und Datenstrukturen mit Modula-2; 4., neubearb. und erw.<br />

Aufl.; 1986; Teubner; Stuttgart; ISBN 3519022605; Mit zahlreichen Figuren, Tabellen, Übungen<br />

und Programmen.<br />

460) Brandstädt, Andreas: Graphen und Algorithmen; 1. Aufl.; 1994; Teubner; Stuttgart;<br />

ISBN 3519021315; Mit zahlreichen Abbildungen.<br />

461) Schwarz, Hans Rudolf: Methode der finiten Elemente; 2., überarb. und erw. Aufl.; 1984;<br />

Teubner; Stuttgart; ISBN 3519123495; Eine Einführung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung<br />

der Rechenpraxis.<br />

462) Collatz, Lothar: Differentialgleichungen; 6., überarb. und erw. Aufl.; 1981; Teubner;<br />

Stuttgart; ISBN 3519220334; Eine Einführung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Anwendungen.<br />

463) Beisel, Ernst-Peter; Mendel, Manfred: Optimierungsmethoden des Operations Research<br />

Band 1; 1. Aufl.; 1987; Vieweg; Braunschweig; ISBN 3528089768; Lineare und ganzzahlige<br />

Optimierung.<br />

464) Beisel, Ernst-Peter; Mendel, Manfred: Optimierungsmethoden des Operations Research<br />

Band 2; 1. Aufl.; 1991; Vieweg; Braunschweig; ISBN 3528063076; Optimierung in<br />

Graphen.<br />

465) Heuser, Harro: Funktionalanalysis; 2., neubearb. und erw. Aufl.; 1986; Teubner; Stuttgart;<br />

ISBN 3519122065; Theorie und Anwendung.<br />

466) Lavine, Shaughan: Unerstanding the Infinite; 2nd printing; 1998; Harvard University<br />

Press; Cambridge; ISBN 0674921178; Includes bibliographical references and index.<br />

467) Eisenreich, Günther; Sube, Ralf: Dictionary <strong>of</strong> Mathematics - Wörterbuch Mathematik;<br />

1. Aufl.; 1987; Harri Deutsch; Thun; ISBN 3871449393; mit etwa 35000 Wortstellen, zweisprachige<br />

Studentenausgabe.<br />

468) Kosmol, Peter: Optimierung und Approximation; 1. Aufl.; 1991; Walter de Gruyter; Berlin;<br />

ISBN 3110123630; Lehrbuch.<br />

469) Kowalsky, Hans-Joachim: Lineare Algebra; 9., überarb. und erw. Aufl.; 1979; Walter de<br />

Gruyter; Berlin; ISBN 3110081644; Mathematik.<br />

470) Beyer, Otfried; Gottwald, Siegfried; Schlosser, Hartmut et al.: Kleine Enzyklopädie Mathematik;<br />

Nachdruck der 2., völlig überarb. Aufl.; 1980; Harri Deutsch; Thun; ISBN<br />

3871443239; gebunden.<br />

471) Bosch, Siegfried: Algebra; 1. Aufl.; 1993; Springer; Berlin; ISBN 3540568336; Mathematik.<br />

472) Walter, Wolfgang: Analysis 1; 3., verb. Aufl.; 1992; Springer; Berlin; ISBN 3540552340;<br />

Mit 145 Abbildungen.<br />

473) Remmert, Reinhold: Funktionentheorie 1; 3., verb. Aufl.; 1992; Springer; Berlin; ISBN<br />

3540552332; Mit 70 Abbildungen.<br />

474) Remmert, Reinhold: Funktionentheorie 2; 1. unveränd. Nachdruck der 1. Aufl.; 1992;<br />

Springer; Berlin; ISBN 3540553843; Mit 19 Abbildungen.<br />

475) Rollnik, Horst: Quantentheorie 1; 2. Aufl.; 2003; Springer; Berlin; ISBN 3540437886;<br />

Grundlagen, Wellenmechanik, Axiomatik.<br />

476) Peitgen, Heinz-Ot<strong>to</strong>; Jürgens, Hartmut; Saupe, Dietmar: Bausteine des Chaos; Dt.<br />

Erstausg.; 1998; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN 3499602504; Fraktale.<br />

477) Peitgen, Heinz-Ot<strong>to</strong>; Jürgens, Hartmut; Saupe, Dietmar: Chaos; Dt. Erstausg.; 1998;<br />

Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN 3499605511; Bausteine der Ordnung.<br />

478) Kröber, Karl Günter: Ein Esel lese nie; 1. Aufl.; 2003; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN<br />

3499615762; Mathematik der Palindrome.<br />

479) Granados, Gilber<strong>to</strong>; Gurgsdies, Erik: Lern- und Arbeitsbuch Ökonomie; 1. Aufl.; 1999;<br />

Dietz; Bonn; ISBN 3801202704; Wirtschaft.<br />

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480) ohne Angaben: BGB - Das Bürgerliche Gesetzbuch; 1. Aufl.; 1991; Goldmann; München;<br />

ISBN 3442136326; Der vollständige Text mit Kommentaren und Beispielen.<br />

481) Anzenbacher, Arno: Einführung in die Philosophie; Nachdr. der 3., verb. Aufl.; 1989;<br />

Herder; Wien; ISBN 3210246270; Lizenzausgabe des gleichnamigen Schulbuchs.<br />

482) Völkel, Michael: Das Lexikon der TV-Modera<strong>to</strong>ren; 1. Aufl.; 2003; Schwarzkopf &<br />

Schwarzkopf; Berlin; ISBN 3896025244; Anekdoten, Fakten und Sprüche aus 50 Jahren TV-<br />

Geschichte.<br />

483) Störig, Hans Joachim: Abenteuer Sprache; 2. Aufl.; 2003; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag;<br />

München; ISBN 342330863X; Ein Streifzug durch die Sprachen der Erde.<br />

484) Hermann, Ursula; Rüme, Klaus; Raum, Norbert (Bearb.): Wahrig Fremdwörterlexikon;<br />

Sonderausg.; 1987; Orbis; München; ISBN 3570026817; Vorwort von Gerhard Wahrig.<br />

485) Möller, Christian: Einführung in die Praktische Theologie; 1. Aufl.; 2004; Francke; Tübingen;<br />

ISBN 3772030122; Taschenbuch.<br />

486) Schnelle, Udo: Einleitung in das Neue Testament; 5., durchges. Aufl.; 2005;<br />

Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; Göttingen; ISBN 3525032382; Taschenbuch.<br />

487) Kreiner, Armin: Gott im Leid; Erw. Neuausg.; 2005; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN<br />

3451286246; Zur Stichhaltigkeit der Theodizee-Argumente.<br />

488) Eliade, Mircea: Geschichte der religiösen Ideen Band 1; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Herder; Freiburg;<br />

ISBN 3451052741; Von der Steinzeit bis zu den Mysterien von Eleusis.<br />

489) Eliade, Mircea: Geschichte der religiösen Ideen Band 2; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Herder; Freiburg;<br />

ISBN 3451052741; Von Gautama Buddha bis zu den Anfängen des Christentums.<br />

490) Eliade, Mircea: Geschichte der religiösen Ideen Band 3; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Herder; Freiburg;<br />

ISBN 3451052741; Von Mohammed bis zum Beginn der Neuzeit.<br />

491) Eliade, Mircea: Geschichte der religiösen Ideen Band 4; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Herder; Freiburg;<br />

ISBN 3451052741; Vom Zeitalter der Entdeckungen bis zur Gegenwart.<br />

492) Volpi, Franco (Hrsg.): Großes Werklexikon der Philosophie Band 1: A bis K;<br />

Jubiläumsausg.; 2004; Kröner; Stuttgart; ISBN 3520839016; gebunden.<br />

493) Volpi, Franco (Hrsg.): Großes Werklexikon der Philosophie Band 2: L bis Z;<br />

Jubiläumsausg.; 2004; Kröner; Stuttgart; ISBN 3520839016; gebunden.<br />

494) Fontana, David: Kursbuch Meditation; 1. Aufl.; 1994; Barth; München; ISBN<br />

350262187X; Alles über die verschiedenen Meditationstechniken und ihre Anwendung, Anleitungen<br />

zur Wahl der geeigneten Methode.<br />

495) Ortberg, John: Jeder ist normal, bis du ihn kennen lernst; 4. Aufl.; 2005; Gerth Medien;<br />

Asslar; ISBN 3865910432; Wie zwischenmenschliche Beziehungen gelingen.<br />

496) ohne Angaben: Katechismus der Katholischen Kirche; 1. Aufl.; 2005; Pattloch; München;<br />

ISBN 3629021409; Kompendium.<br />

497) Grom, Bernhard: Religionspsychologie; 1. Aufl.; 1992; Kösel; München; ISBN<br />

3466203589; auch Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.<br />

498) Lanoo (Christian Anders): Der Sinn des Lebens - Nirvana Band 1; 1. Aufl.; 2000; Books<br />

on Demand; Norderstedt; ISBN 3898114295; Buddhismus wie er sein sollte und esoterische<br />

Wissenschaften.<br />

499) Lanoo (Christian Anders): Der Sinn des Lebens - Nirvana Band 2; 1. Aufl.; 2000; Books<br />

on Demand; Norderstedt; ISBN 3898114309; Buddhismus wie er sein sollte und esoterische<br />

Wissenschaften.<br />

500) Wilber, Ken: Integrale Spiritualität; 1. Aufl.; 2007; Kösel; München; ISBN<br />

9783466345090; Spirituelle Intelligenz rettet die Welt.<br />

501) Hawkins, David R.: Die Ebenen des Bewusstseins; 5. Aufl.; 2006; VAK; Kirchzarten;<br />

ISBN 3932098021; Von der Kraft, die wir ausstrahlen.<br />

502) H<strong>of</strong>meister, Klaus; Bauerochse, Lothar (Hrsg.): Viele Stimmen - eine Sprache; 1. Aufl.;<br />

2001; Echter; Würzburg; ISBN 3429023823; Beten in den Weltreligionen.<br />

503) Scherhag, Richard; Blüthgen, Joachim; Lauer, Wilhelm: Klima<strong>to</strong>logie; 9., verb. Aufl.;<br />

1977; Westermann; Braunschweig; ISBN 3141602840; Geographie.<br />

504) Grix, Rolf; Knöll, Wilhelm: Lernfeld Gesellschaft; 3. Aufl.; 1975; Diesterweg; Frankfurt<br />

am Main; ISBN 3425016679; Lehr- und Arbeitsbuch für den politischen Unterricht.<br />

505) Görgens, Alfred: Kulinarisches Solo; 1. Aufl.; 1991; Falken; Niedernhausen; ISBN<br />

3806811547; Gerichte für eine Person.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 136 <strong>of</strong> 154


506) Hinz, Thomas: Aquarellmalerei; Nachaufl.; 1983; Falken; Niedernhausen; ISBN<br />

3806850992; Materialien, Techniken, Motive.<br />

507) Dawkins, Richard: Der Gotteswahn; 1. Aufl.; 2007; Ullstein; Berlin; ISBN<br />

9783550086885; gebunden.<br />

508) Hawkins, David R.: Das All-sehende Auge; 3. Aufl.; 2006; Sheema-Medien; Wasserburg;<br />

ISBN 3931560198; gebunden.<br />

509) Hawkins, David R.: Licht des Alls; 1. Aufl.; 2006; Sheema-Medien; Wasserburg; ISBN<br />

3931560201; Die Wirklichkeit des Göttlichen.<br />

510) Renftel, Lars-Oliver; Schaffer-Hartmann, Richard (Hrsg.): Hanau; 1. Aufl.; 2002; CoCon;<br />

Hanau; ISBN 3928100920; Geschichte, Kultur, Gegenwart.<br />

511) Sach, Jacky; Faust, Jessica: Zen; 1. Aufl.; 2004; Lo<strong>to</strong>s; München; ISBN 3778781669;<br />

Entspannung für Körper und Geist, Kraft und Frieden für die Seele.<br />

512) Beck, Charlotte Joko: Zen im Alltag; 1. Aufl.; 2005; Droemer/Knaur; München; ISBN<br />

3426665611; Aus dem Amerikanischen von Bettine Braun.<br />

513) Carstensen, Kai-Uwe; Ebert, Christian; Endriss, Cornelia et al. (Hrsg.: Computerlinguistik<br />

und Sprachtechnologie; 2., überarb. und erw. Aufl.; 2004; Elsevier; München; ISBN<br />

3827414075; gebunden.<br />

514) Lubkowitz, Mark: Webseiten programmieren und gestalten; 2., erw. Aufl.; 2005; Galileo<br />

Press; Bonn; ISBN 3898425576; Mit CD-ROM.<br />

515) Michel, Reiner M.: Know-how der Unternehmensplanung; 2., völlig neubearb. und erw.<br />

Aufl.; 1991; Sauer; Heidelberg; ISBN 3793870243; Budgetierung, Controlling, Taktische Planung,<br />

Langfristplanung und Strategie.<br />

516) Manekeller, Wolfgang; Reinert-Schneider, Gabriele: Gutes Deutsch schreiben und<br />

sprechen; 1. Aufl.; 1989; Falken; Niedernhausen; ISBN 3806844321; gebunden.<br />

517) Auffarth, Chris<strong>to</strong>ph; Bernard, Jutta; Mohr, Hubert (Hrsg.): Metzler Lexikon Religion<br />

Band 1; 1. Aufl.; 1999; Metzler; Stuttgart; ISBN 3476015513; Gegenwart - Alltag - Medien.<br />

518) Auffarth, Chris<strong>to</strong>ph; Bernard, Jutta; Mohr, Hubert (Hrsg.): Metzler Lexikon Religion<br />

Band 2; 1. Aufl.; 1999; Metzler; Stuttgart; ISBN 3476015521; Gegenwart - Alltag - Medien.<br />

519) Auffarth, Chris<strong>to</strong>ph; Bernard, Jutta; Mohr, Hubert (Hrsg.): Metzler Lexikon Religion<br />

Band 3; 1. Aufl.; 2000; Metzler; Stuttgart; ISBN 347601553X; Gegenwart - Alltag - Medien.<br />

520) Auffarth, Chris<strong>to</strong>ph; Bernard, Jutta; Mohr, Hubert (Hrsg.): Metzler Lexikon Religion<br />

Band 4; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Metzler; Stuttgart; ISBN 3476015548; Gegenwart - Alltag - Medien.<br />

521) ohne Angaben: Lexikon der östlichen Weisheitslehren; Lizenzausg.; 2005; Albatros;<br />

Düsseldorf; ISBN 349196136X; Buddhismus, Hinduismus, Taoismus, Zen.<br />

522) Kreiner, Armin: Das wahre Antlitz Gottes - oder was wir meinen, wenn wir Gott sagen;<br />

1. Aufl.; 2006; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN 3451287765; gebunden.<br />

523) Monroe, Robert A.: Der zweite Körper; Taschenbuchausg.; 2007; Wilhelm Heyne; München;<br />

ISBN 9783453700611; Astral- und Seelenreisen in ferne Sphären der geistigen Welt.<br />

524) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 1; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1986;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311014; A - Apt.<br />

525) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 2; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1987;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311022; Apu - Bec.<br />

526) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 3; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1987;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311030; Bed - Brn.<br />

527) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 4; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1987;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311049; Bro - Cos.<br />

528) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 5; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1988;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311057; Cot - Dr.<br />

529) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 6; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1988;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311065; Ds - Ew und erster Nachtrag.<br />

530) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 7; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1988;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311073; Ex - Frt.<br />

531) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 8; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1989;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311081; Fru - Gos.<br />

532) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 9; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1989;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 376531109X; Got - Herp.<br />

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533) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 10; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1989;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311103; Herr - Is.<br />

534) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 11; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1990;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311111; It - Kip.<br />

535) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 12; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1990;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 376531112X; Kir - Lag und zweiter Nachtrag.<br />

536) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 13; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1990;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311138; Lah - Maf.<br />

537) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 14; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1991;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311146; Mag - Mod.<br />

538) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 15; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1991;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311154; Moe - Nor.<br />

539) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 16; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1991;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311162; Nos - Per.<br />

540) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 17; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1992;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311170; Pes - Rac.<br />

541) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 18; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1992;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311189; Rad - Rüs und dritter Nachtrag.<br />

542) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 19; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1992;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311197; Rut - Sch.<br />

543) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 20; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1993;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311200; Sci - Sq.<br />

544) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 21; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1993;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311219; Sr - Teo.<br />

545) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 22; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1993;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311227; Tep - Ur.<br />

546) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 23; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1994;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311235; Us - Wej.<br />

547) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 24; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1994;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311243; Wek - Zz und vierter Nachtrag.<br />

548) Scholze-Stubenrecht, Werner; Sykes, John (Red.): Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 29;<br />

19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1996; Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311294; Wörterbuch<br />

Englisch: Englisch - Deutsch, Deutsch - Englisch.<br />

549) ohne Angaben: Brockhaus-Enzyklopädie Band 30; 19., völlig neubearb. Aufl.; 1996;<br />

Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765311316; Ergänzungen A - Z.<br />

550) Hornby, A. S.; Cowie, A. P.; Gimson, A. C.: Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary <strong>of</strong><br />

Current English; 12. Druck; 1981; Cornelsen & Oxford University Press; Berlin; ISBN<br />

3810900486; Revised and updated.<br />

551) Baer, Dieter; Wermke, Matthias (Bearb.): Duden, Das große Fremdwörterbuch; 2., neu<br />

bearb. und erw. Aufl.; 2000; Dudenverlag; Mannheim; ISBN 3411041625; Herkunft und Bedeutung<br />

der Fremdwörter.<br />

552) Müller, Kristiane; Urban, Eberhard (Hrsg.): Die Weibsbilder im Spiegel der Karikatur; 1.<br />

Aufl.; 1987; Edition Aktuell; Menden; ISBN 3924456518; Eine Kultur- und Sittengeschichte<br />

des 19. Jahrhunderts.<br />

553) Bayer, Karl: Nota bene!; 1. Aufl.; 1993; Artemis & Winkler; Zürich; ISBN 3760810926;<br />

Das lateinische Zitatenlexikon.<br />

554) Waechter, Friedrich-Karl: Opa Hucke's Mitmach-Kabinett; 2. Aufl.; 1977; Beltz &<br />

Gelberg; Weinheim; ISBN 3407805152; Jugendbuch.<br />

555) Wulff, David M.: Psychology <strong>of</strong> Religion; 2nd Ed.; 1997; John Wiley & Sons; New York;<br />

ISBN 0471037060; Classic and Contemporary.<br />

556) Bieri, Peter (Hrsg.): Analytische Philosophie des Geistes; 3., unveränd. Aufl.; 1997;<br />

Beltz Athenäum; Weinheim; ISBN 3895471178; Neue wissenschaftliche Bibliothek.<br />

557) Meixner, Uwe: Einführung in die On<strong>to</strong>logie; 1. Aufl.; 2004; Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft;<br />

Darmstadt; ISBN 3534154584; Philosophie.<br />

558) Tiedemann, Paul: Internet für Philosophen; 2., überarb. Aufl.; 1999; Primus; Darmstadt;<br />

ISBN 3896781081; Eine praxisorientierte Einführung.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 138 <strong>of</strong> 154


559) Brüning, Walther: Grundlagen der Strengen Logik; 1. Aufl.; 1996; Königshausen &<br />

Neumann; Würzburg; ISBN 3826012046; Philosophie.<br />

560) Schnell, Rainer; Hill, Paul B.; Esser, Elke: Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung;<br />

6., völlig überarb. und erw. Aufl.; 1999; Oldenbourg; München; ISBN 3486250434; gebunden.<br />

561) Sikin, Evgenij: Lineare Räume und Abbildungen; 1. Aufl.; 1994; Spektrum, Akademischer<br />

Verlag; Heidelberg; ISBN 3860253050; Mathematik.<br />

562) Sachs, Lothar: Angewandte Statistik; 8., völlig neu bearb. und erw. Aufl.; 1997; Springer;<br />

Berlin; ISBN 3540604948; Anwendung statistischer Methoden.<br />

563) Jänich, Klaus: Lineare Algebra; 2. Aufl.; 1981; Springer; Berlin; ISBN 3540104704; Ein<br />

Skriptum für das erste Semester.<br />

564) Hämmerlin, Günther; H<strong>of</strong>fmann, Karl-Heinz: Numerische Mathematik; 2. Aufl.; 1991;<br />

Springer; Berlin; ISBN 354053539X; Mit 72 Abbildungen.<br />

565) Zimbardo, Philip G.: Psychologie; 4., neubearb. Aufl.; 1983; Springer; Berlin; ISBN<br />

3540121234; Mit 322 zum Teil farbigen Abbildungen.<br />

566) Dambmann, Gerhard; Lange, Helmut; Rohde, Manfred: Mit Edmund Hillary durch den<br />

Himalaya; 2. Aufl.; 1987; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN 3451210754; Mit zahlreichen Abbildungen.<br />

567) Molcho, Samy: Körpersprache; 1. Aufl.; 1984; Mosaik; München; ISBN 3570049736; Mit<br />

Fo<strong>to</strong>grafien von Thomas Klinger und Hans Albrecht Lusznat.<br />

568) Roetzel, Bernhard: Der Gentleman; 1. Aufl.; 1999; Könemann; Köln; ISBN 3895086371;<br />

Handbuch der klassischen Herrenmode.<br />

569) Vass, László; Molnár, Magda: Herrenschuhe handgearbeitet; 1. Aufl.; 1999; Könemann;<br />

Köln; ISBN 3895081116; Fo<strong>to</strong>grafie Georg Valerius.<br />

570) Savant, Marilyn vos; Fleischer, Leonore: BrainBuilding; 1. Aufl.; 1992; Falken;<br />

Niedernhausen; ISBN 3806847045; Das 12-Wochen-Trainingsprogramm für Gedächtnis,<br />

Logik, Kreativität.<br />

571) Hürlimann, Gertrud I.: Astrologie; 3. Aufl.; 1984; Novalis; Schaffhausen; ISBN<br />

3721430026; Ein methodisch aufgebautes Lehrbuch.<br />

572) Jöckle, Clemens: Das große Heiligenlexikon; 1. Aufl.; 2003; Parkland; Köln; ISBN<br />

3893400451; Mit zahlreichen Abbildungen.<br />

573) Halbfas, Hubertus: Die Bibel; 3. Aufl.; 2002; Patmos; Düsseldorf; ISBN 3491703344; Mit<br />

zahlreichen Abbildungen.<br />

574) Halbfas, Hubertus: Das Christentum; 1. Aufl.; 2004; Patmos; Düsseldorf; ISBN<br />

3491703778; Mit zahlreichen Abbildungen.<br />

575) Quinn, Philipp L.; Taliaferro, Charles (Ed.): A Companion <strong>to</strong> Philosophy <strong>of</strong> Religion; 1st<br />

Ed. paperback; 1999; Blackwell; Oxford; ISBN 0631213287; Blackwell Companions <strong>to</strong> Philosophy<br />

9.<br />

576) Cooper, David (Ed.): A Companion <strong>to</strong> Aesthetics; Reprint; 1997; Blackwell; Oxford;<br />

ISBN 0631196595; Blackwell Companions <strong>to</strong> Philosophy 3.<br />

577) Kim, Jaegwon; Sosa, Ernest (Ed.): A Companion <strong>to</strong> Metaphysics; Reprint; 1998; Blackwell;<br />

Oxford; ISBN 0631199993; Blackwell Companions <strong>to</strong> Philosophy 7.<br />

578) Inwagen, Peter van; Zimmerman, Dean W. (Ed.): Metaphysics: The Big Questions; 1st<br />

Ed.; 1998; Blackwell; Oxford; ISBN 0631205888; Philosophy.<br />

579) Bunnin, Nicholas; Tsui-James, E. P. (Ed.): The Blackwell Companion <strong>to</strong> Philosophy;<br />

Reprint; 1998; Blackwell; Oxford; ISBN 0631187898; Blackwell Companions <strong>to</strong> Philosophy 1.<br />

580) Kugler, Gernot; Böhmer, Ernst; Kümmel, Gerd et al.: Kaufmännische Betriebslehre<br />

Hauptausgabe; 20. Aufl.; 1990; Europa-Lehrmittel; Haan-Gruiten; ISBN 3808590203; Verfasst<br />

von Lehrern an Kaufmännischen Schulen.<br />

581) Deitermann, Manfred; Schmolke, Siegfried: Industriebuchführung mit Kosten- und Leistungsrechnung<br />

IKR; 14., durchges. Aufl.; 1990; Winklers; Darmstadt; ISBN 3804566219;<br />

Einführung und Praxis.<br />

582) Bodden, Horst; Kaußen, Herbert; Renné, Rudi: Past and Future; 2. Aufl.; 1980; Langenscheidt-Longman;<br />

München; ISBN 3526503117; Elective Courses in English for Level II.<br />

583) Bates, Martin; Dudley-Evans, Tony: General Science; New Ed.; 1982; Longman; Essex;<br />

ISBN 0582748607; English for Science and Technology.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 139 <strong>of</strong> 154


584) Holtermann, Horst: Ianua Linguae Graecae; 3. Aufl.; 1979; Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht;<br />

Göttingen; ISBN 3525720793; Lese- und Übungsbuch für den griechischen Anfangsunterricht<br />

am Gymnasium.<br />

585) Erdle-Hähner, Rita; Freitag, Günter; Matthes, Dietmar et al. (Hrsg.): Etudes Francaises<br />

Cours Intensif 1; 1. Aufl.; 1980; Klett; Stuttgart; ISBN 3125206006; Schulbuch Französisch.<br />

586) Erdle-Hähner, Rita; Freitag, Günter; Matthes, Dietmar et al. (Hrsg.): Etudes Francaises<br />

Cours Intensif 1; 1. Aufl.; 1981; Klett; Stuttgart; ISBN 3125206200; Grammatisches Beiheft.<br />

587) Erdle-Hähner, Rita; Freitag, Günter; Rolinger, Hermann et al. (Hrsg.): Etudes<br />

Francaises Cours de base Deuxième degré; 1. Aufl.; 1979; Klett; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

3125202205; Grammatisches Beiheft.<br />

588) Erdle-Hähner, Rita; Freitag, Günter; Rolinger, Hermann et al. (Hrsg.): Etudes<br />

Francaises Cours de base Troisième degré; 1. Aufl.; 1981; Klett; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

3125203201; Grammatisches Beiheft.<br />

589) Willers, Hermann (Bearb.): Langenscheidts Grammatiktafel Italienisch; 1. Aufl.; 1982;<br />

Langenscheidt; Berlin; ISBN 3468361807; Regeln und zahlreiche praktische Beispiele.<br />

590) Willers, Hermann (Bearb.): Langenscheidts Verb-Tabellen Italienisch; 7. Aufl.; 1982;<br />

Langenscheidt; Berlin; ISBN 3468341814; Unregelmäßige und regelmäßige Verben richtig<br />

konjugiert.<br />

591) Bunke, Horst: Modellgesteuerte Bildanalyse; 1. Aufl.; 1985; Teubner; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

3519024810; Dargestellt anhand eines Systems zur au<strong>to</strong>matischen Auswertung von Sequenzszintigrammen<br />

des menschlichen Herzens.<br />

592) Baumann, Rüdeger: Informatik mit Pascal; 1. Aufl.; 1981; Klett; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

3127177402; Schulbuch.<br />

593) Börger, Egon: Berechenbarkeit, Komplexität, Logik; 3., verb. und erw. Aufl.; 1992; Vieweg;<br />

Braunschweig; ISBN 3528289287; Algorithmen, Sprachen und Kalküle unter besonderer<br />

Berücksichtigung ihrer Komplexität.<br />

594) Aho, Alfred V.; Hopcr<strong>of</strong>t, John E.; Ullman, Jeffrey D.: The Design and Analysis <strong>of</strong> Computer<br />

Algorithms; 1st Ed.; 1974; Addison Wesley; London; ISBN 0201000296; Informatics.<br />

595) Grams, Timm: Denkf<strong>all</strong>en und Programmierfehler; 1. Aufl.; 1990; Springer; Berlin; ISBN<br />

3540520392; Mit 17 Abbildungen.<br />

596) Lehnert, Uwe: Der EDV-Dozent; Akt. und erw. Aufl.; 1992; Markt und Technik; Haar;<br />

ISBN 387791201X; Planung und Durchführung von EDV-Lehrveranstaltungen.<br />

597) Woll, Artur: Allgemeine Volkswirtschaftslehre; 10., überarb. und erg. Aufl.; 1990;<br />

Vahlen; München; ISBN 3800614758; Vahlens Handbücher für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften.<br />

598) Bruce, Betsy: Jetzt lerne ich Dreamweaver 4; 1. Aufl.; 2001; Markt und Technik; München;<br />

ISBN 3827260957; Deutsche Übersetzung: Judith Muhr.<br />

599) Steyer, Ralph: Opera 5; 1. Aufl.; 2001; Markt und Technik; München; ISBN<br />

3827261147; So surfen Sie bequem und schnell durchs Netz!.<br />

600) Sturm, Eberhard: Programmieren in PL/I; 1. Aufl.; 1990; Vieweg; Braunschweig; ISBN<br />

3528047925; Eine moderne Einführung.<br />

601) Todino, Grace; Strang, John; Peek, Jerry: UNIX - ein praktischer Einstieg; 1. Aufl.;<br />

1996; O'Reilly; Bonn; ISBN 3930673290; Erste Schritte mit Unix.<br />

602) Knuth, Donald Ervin: The Art <strong>of</strong> Computer Programming Volume 3; 2nd Ed.; 1998; Addison<br />

Wesley; Reading; ISBN 0201896850; Sorting and Searching.<br />

603) Doberenz, Walter; Kowalski, Thomas: Datenbankprogrammierung mit Visual Basic 6; 1.<br />

Aufl.; 1999; Micros<strong>of</strong>t Press; Unterschleißheim; ISBN 3860634852; Grundlagen, Rezepte<br />

und Anwendungsbeispiele zur Datenbankprogrammierung mit Visual Basic 6, DAO und<br />

ADO.<br />

604) Barnert, Silvia; Boeckh, Martin; Delbrück, Matthias et al.: Der Brockhaus - Computer<br />

und Informationstechnologie; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Brockhaus; Mannheim; ISBN 3765302511;<br />

Hardware, S<strong>of</strong>tware, Multimedia, Internet, Telekommunikation.<br />

605) Andrews, Mark: Visual C++ jetzt!; 1. Aufl.; 1996; Micros<strong>of</strong>t Press; Unterschleißheim;<br />

ISBN 3860630202; Das komplette Lernpaket: mit voll funktionsfähiger Version von Micros<strong>of</strong>t<br />

Visual C++.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 140 <strong>of</strong> 154


606) Steyer, Ralph: Java 2; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Markt und Technik; München; ISBN 3827262429;<br />

Kompakt, komplett, kompetent.<br />

607) Franke, Matthias: Visual Basic 6; 1. Aufl.; 1998; Data Becker; Düsseldorf; ISBN<br />

3815811449; Mit den Supersteps zum Erfolg.<br />

608) Graf, Ludwig (Hrsg.): Telekolleg 2 Datenverarbeitung; 1. Aufl.; 1990; TR-Verlagsunion;<br />

München; ISBN 3805821476; Informatik.<br />

609) Maubach, Claudia; Dörr, Cornelia: 3D WohnDesigner; 3. Aufl.; 1996; Data Becker; Düsseldorf;<br />

ISBN 3815869617; Der Pr<strong>of</strong>i-Designer in einer neuen Generation.<br />

610) Harten, Hans-Ulrich: Physik für Mediziner; 3., neubearb. und erg. Aufl.; 1977; Springer;<br />

Berlin; ISBN 3540081828; Eine Einführung.<br />

611) Jahrreiß, Heribert: Einführung in die Physik für Studenten der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften;<br />

1. Aufl.; 1977; Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag; Köln-Lövenich; ISBN 3769100352;<br />

Mit vollständiger Berücksichtigung des Gegenstandskatalogs für die Ärztliche Vorprüfung<br />

und entsprechenden Texthinweisen.<br />

612) Rebhan, Eckhard: Theoretische Physik I; 1. Nachdruck; 2001; Spektrum Akademischer<br />

Verlag; Heidelberg; ISBN 3827402468; Mechanik, Elektrodynamik, Relativitätstheorie, Kosmologie.<br />

613) Krueger, Franz R.: Physik und Evolution; 1. Aufl.; 1984; Paul Parey; Berlin; ISBN<br />

348961934X; Physikalische Ansätze zu einer Einheit der Naturwissenschaften auf evolutiver<br />

Grundlage.<br />

614) Haken, Hermann: Synergetik; 1. Aufl.; 1982; Springer; Berlin; ISBN 354011050X; Eine<br />

Einführung.<br />

615) Dorn, Friedrich; Bader, Franz: Physik in einem Band; 1. Aufl.; 1976; Schroedel; Hannover;<br />

ISBN 3507861704; Schulbuch.<br />

616) Hawking, Stephen W.: Eine kurze Geschichte der Zeit; 176.-215. Tsd.; 1988; Rowohlt;<br />

Reinbek; ISBN 3498028847; Die Suche nach der Urkraft des Universums.<br />

617) Kaufmann, H.; Jecklin, L.: Grundlagen der anorganischen Chemie; 8. Aufl.; 1977;<br />

Birkhäuser; Basel; ISBN 3764309377; Chemie.<br />

618) Cuny, Karl-Heinz; Weber, Walter: Chemie - Welt der S<strong>to</strong>ffe; 1. Aufl.; 1975; Schroedel;<br />

Hannover; ISBN 3507861801; Experiment - Struktur - Modell.<br />

619) Mortimer, Charles E.: Chemie; 3., neubearb. Aufl.; 1980; Thieme; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

313484303X; Das Basiswissen der Chemie in Schwerpunkten.<br />

620) Lipschutz, Seymour: Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung; Nachdruck; 1980; McGraw-Hill;<br />

Düsseldorf; ISBN 0070843619; Theorie und Anwendung.<br />

621) J. Kelly Beatty, Brian O'Leary, Andrew Chaikin (Hrsg.): Die Sonne und ihre Planeten; 1.<br />

Aufl.; 1983; Physik-Verlag; Weinheim; ISBN 3876640563; Weltraumforschung in einer neuen<br />

Dimension.<br />

622) Pugnetti, Gino: Beethoven und seine Zeit; 1. Aufl.; 1965; Vollmer; Wiesbaden; ohne<br />

ISBN; Musiker.<br />

623) Arndt, Claudia Maria; Bernsen, Thomas; Breuer, Klaus et al.: Jahrbuch des Rhein-Sieg-<br />

Kreises 2007; 1. Aufl.; 2006; Edition Blattwelt; Niederh<strong>of</strong>en; ISBN 3936256241; Landschaft<br />

und Natur, Geschichte und Geschichten, Leben und Kultur, Wirtschaft und Technik, Chronik<br />

2005 / 2006.<br />

624) Mayer, Ferdinand (Bearb.): Diercke Weltatlas; 5. Aufl. der Neubearb.; 1975; Westermann;<br />

Braunschweig; ISBN 3141005001; 200 Kartenseiten.<br />

625) The American Astro Analysis Institute (Hrsg.): Jungfrau; 1. Aufl.; 1979; Goldmann;<br />

München; ISBN 3442100283; Astrologie.<br />

626) Orban, Peter; Zinnel, Ingrid; Weller, Thea: Symbolon; 1. Aufl.; 1993; Hugendubel; München;<br />

ISBN 3880347069; Das Spiel der Erinnerungen - Zur Symbolik astrologischer Aspekte.<br />

627) Seifert, Traudl: Heilige in Kunst und Legende; Unveränd. Aufl.; 1973; Schuler; München;<br />

ASIN B0000BNU4O; Mit zahlreichen Abbildungen.<br />

628) Traeger, Jörg: Renaissance und Religion; 1. Aufl.; 1997; C. H. Beck; München; ISBN<br />

3406428010; Die Kunst des Glaubens im Zeitalter Raphaels.<br />

629) Kühn, Helga-Maria; Brinkmann, Jens-Uwe: Göttingen; 1. Aufl.; 1985; Vandenhoeck &<br />

Ruprecht; Göttingen; ISBN 3525391587; Fo<strong>to</strong>s von Helmut Scheiter und Hans Wilder.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 141 <strong>of</strong> 154


630) Lipschutz, Seymour; Poe, Arthur: Programmieren mit FORTRAN einschließlich strukturiertes<br />

FORTRAN; 1. Aufl.; 1981; McGraw-Hill; Hamburg; ISBN 0070920303; Theorie und<br />

Anwendung.<br />

631) Spiegel, Murray R.: Allgemeine Mechanik; Nachdruck; 1979; McGraw-Hill; Düsseldorf;<br />

ISBN 0070843767; Theorie und Anwendung - Mit einer Einführung in die Lagrangeschen<br />

und Hamil<strong>to</strong>nschen Bewegungsgleichungen.<br />

632) Büchner, Rudolf: Bücher und Menschen; 1. Aufl.; 1976; Mohn; Gütersloh; ISBN<br />

3570025012; Vom Buch und seinen Wirkungen in Geschichte und Gegenwart.<br />

633) Connolly, Peter; Dodge, Hazel: Die antike Stadt; 1. Aufl.; 1998; Könemann; Köln; ISBN<br />

3829011040; Das Leben in Athen & Rom.<br />

634) Crosher, Judith: Die Griechen; 1. Aufl.; 1976; Falken; Wiesbaden; ISBN 380688019;<br />

Große Völker der Vergangenheit.<br />

635) Goscinny, Rene; Uderzo, Albert: Obelix GmbH & Co.KG; Nachdruck; 1984; Delta;<br />

Stuttgart; ISBN 3770400232; Großer Asterix-Band XXIII.<br />

636) Bretecher, Claire: Dok<strong>to</strong>r med. Bobo; 1. Aufl.; 1986; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN<br />

3498005014; Sprechstunden nach Vereinbarung.<br />

637) Bretecher, Claire: Agrippina; 16.-23. Tsd.; 1989; Rowohlt; Reinbek; ISBN 3498005324;<br />

Mozart ist Asche bis auf die Musik zum Film.<br />

638) Moers, Walter: Kleines Arschloch; 5. Aufl.; 1991; Eichborn; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN<br />

382183000X; Prrrffzzz!!!.<br />

639) Müller, Siegfried; Rolinger, Hermann; Wüst, Arthur (Hrsg.): Etudes Francaises Cours de<br />

base Premier degré; 1. Aufl.; 1977; Klett; Stuttgart; ISBN 3125201500; Cahier d'exercices.<br />

640) Erdle-Hähner, Rita; Rolinger, Hermann; Wüst, Arthur (Hrsg.): Etudes Francaises Cours<br />

de base Deuxième degré; 1. Aufl.; 1979; Klett; Stuttgart; ISBN 3125202507; Cahier<br />

d'exercices.<br />

641) Erdle-Hähner, Rita; Rolinger, Hermann; Wüst, Arthur (Hrsg.): Etudes Francaises Cours<br />

de base Troisième degré; 1. Aufl.; 1981; Klett; Stuttgart; ISBN 3125203503; Cahier<br />

d'exercices.<br />

642) Keller, Will (Hrsg.): Merian Berlin; 1. Aufl.; 1989; H<strong>of</strong>fmann & Campe; Hamburg; ISBN<br />

345528907X; Monatsheft der Städte und Landschaften.<br />

643) Keller, Will (Hrsg.): Merian Deutsche Ost<strong>see</strong>küste; 1. Aufl.; 1994; H<strong>of</strong>fmann & Campe;<br />

Hamburg; ISBN 3455294057; Monatsheft der Städte und Landschaften.<br />

644) Heine, Helme: Uhren haben keine Bremse; Orig.ausg.; 1985; Diogenes; Zürich; ISBN<br />

3257020139; Car<strong>to</strong>ons.<br />

645) Goscinny, Rene; Uderzo, Albert: Asterix und Cleopatra; 2. Aufl.; 2004; Delta; Stuttgart;<br />

ISBN 3770400569; Großer Asterix-Band II.<br />

646) Goscinny, Rene; Uderzo, Albert: Streit um Asterix; 9. Aufl.; 2004; Delta; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

3770400151; Großer Asterix-Band XV.<br />

647) Goscinny, Rene; Uderzo, Albert: Die Lorbeeren des Cäsar; 6. Aufl.; 2007; Delta; Stuttgart;<br />

ISBN 3770400186; Großer Asterix-Band XVIII.<br />

648) Holl, Adolf: Religionssoziologie; 1. Aufl.; 1995; ÖBV Pädagogischer Verlag; Wien; ISBN<br />

3215073374; Materialien und Texte zur Politischen Bildung Band 8.<br />

649) Abel, Dietrich von; Fink, Cornelia; Gillh<strong>of</strong>er, Peter et al.: Wie? Warum? Weshalb?; 1.<br />

Aufl.; 1991; Das Beste; Stuttgart; ISBN 387070375X; Verblüffende Ideen, geniale Lösungen,<br />

faszinierende Fakten aus Natur und Technik.<br />

650) Shelly, Gary B.; Cashman, Thomas J.; Goodwin, Hal: RPG II, RPG III, and RPG/400;<br />

1st Ed.; 1990; Boyd & Fraser; Bos<strong>to</strong>n; ISBN 0878352465; Informatics.<br />

651) Bühl, Achim; Zöfel, Peter: SPSS für Windows Version 6.1; 3., überarb. und erg. Aufl.;<br />

1996; Addison Wesley; Bonn; ISBN 3827311349; Praxisorientierte Einführung in die moderne<br />

Datenanalyse.<br />

652) Bühler, Walter K.: Gauss; 1. Aufl.; 1986; Springer; Berlin; ISBN 3540168834; Eine biographische<br />

Studie.<br />

653) Trökes, Anna: Yoga; 1. Aufl.; 2003; Klett; Stuttgart; ISBN 3129398732; Ankommen in<br />

Körper, Geist und Atem.<br />

654) Engelhardt, Friedrich Rudolf: Das Wissen von der Hand; 1. Aufl.; 1987; Hugendubel;<br />

München; ISBN 3880343276; Handlesekunst als Wissenschaft.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 142 <strong>of</strong> 154


655) Goldmann, Gereon: Tödliche Schatten - Tröstendes Licht; 10., erw. dt. Aufl.; 2005;<br />

EOS-Verlag; St. Ottilien; ISBN 3830671385; Erinnerungen von Pater Gereon Goldmann.<br />

656) Virtue, Doreen: Dein Leben im Licht; 4. Aufl.; 2007; Ullstein; Berlin; ISBN<br />

9783548742328; Heilung durch Selbsterkenntnis.<br />

657) Fischer, Peter: Philosophie der Religion; 1. Aufl.; 2007; Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; Göttingen;<br />

ISBN 9783525036167; Taschenbuch.<br />

658) Gerwin, Hanno: Was Deutschlands Prominente glauben; 1. Aufl.; 2006; Goldmann;<br />

München; ISBN 3442154200; Taschenbuch.<br />

659) Praagh, James van: Jenseitswelten; 4. Aufl.; 2006; Goldmann; München; ISBN<br />

3442216249; Erkenntnisse über das Leben nach dem Tode.<br />

660) Browne, Sylvia: Jenseits-Leben; 4. Aufl.; 2006; Goldmann; München; ISBN<br />

3442216036; Berichte eines Mediums aus der geistigen Welt.<br />

661) Easwaran, Eknath (Übers.): Dhammapada; 1. Aufl.; 2006; Goldmann; München; ISBN<br />

3442217644; Buddhas zentrale Lehren.<br />

662) Libet, Benjamin: Mind Time; 1. Aufl.; 2007; Suhrkamp; Frankfurt am Main; ISBN<br />

9783518294345; Wie das Gehirn Bewusstsein produziert.<br />

663) Schwanitz, Dietrich: Bildung; 21. Aufl.; 2002; Goldmann; München; ISBN<br />

9783442151479; Alles, was man wissen muss.<br />

664) Englisch, Andreas: Johannes Paul II.; 5. Aufl.; 2003; Ullstein; München; ISBN<br />

3550075766; Das Geheimnis des Karol Wojtyla.<br />

665) Hartlieb, Gabriele; Quarch, Chris<strong>to</strong>ph; Schellenberger, Bernardin (Hrsg: Spirituell leben;<br />

1. Aufl.; 2006; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN 9783451056994; Haltungen - Übungen - Inspirationen.<br />

666) Luhmann, Niklas: Liebe als Passion; 1. Aufl.; 1994; Suhrkamp; Frankfurt; ISBN<br />

3518287249; Zur Codierung von Intimität.<br />

667) Mello, Anthony de: Wo das Glück zu finden ist; 9., durchges. Aufl.; 2004; Herder; Freiburg;<br />

ISBN 3451284014; Weisheitsgeschichten für jeden Tag.<br />

668) Drewermann, Eugen: Wozu Religion?; 4. Aufl.; 2006; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN<br />

9783451053801; Sinnfindung in Zeiten der Gier nach Macht und Geld.<br />

669) Küng, Hans: Wozu Weltethos?; 1. Aufl.; 2006; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN 9783451057977;<br />

Religion und Ethik in Zeiten der Globalisierung.<br />

670) Aurobindo, Sri: Savitri; 3., unveränd. Aufl.; 2006; Hinder & Deelmann; Gladenbach;<br />

ISBN 3873481510; Legende und Sinnbild.<br />

671) Aurobindo, Sri: Das göttliche Leben - Erstes Buch; 3., unveränd. Aufl.; 2002; Hinder &<br />

Deelmann; Gladenbach; ISBN 3873481723; The Life Divine.<br />

672) Aurobindo, Sri: Das göttliche Leben - Zweites Buch Teil 1; 3., unveränd. Aufl.; 2004;<br />

Hinder & Deelmann; Gladenbach; ISBN 3873481456; The Life Divine.<br />

673) Aurobindo, Sri: Das göttliche Leben - Zweites Buch Teil 2; 3., unveränd. Aufl.; 2004;<br />

Hinder & Deelmann; Gladenbach; ISBN 3873481464; The Life Divine.<br />

674) Fox, Matthew; Sheldrake, Rupert: Engel; 1. Aufl.; 2001; Bechtermünz; Augsburg; ISBN<br />

3828934129; Die kosmische Intelligenz.<br />

675) Müller, Werner A.; Hassel, Monika: Entwicklungsbiologie und Reproduktionsbiologie<br />

von Mensch und Tieren; 4., vollst. überarb. Aufl.; 2006; Springer; Berlin; ISBN 3540240578;<br />

Ein einführendes Lehrbuch.<br />

676) Görnitz, Thomas; Görnitz, Brigitte: Die Evolution des Geistigen; 1. Aufl.; 2008;<br />

Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; Göttingen; ISBN 9783525567173; Quantenphysik - Bewusstsein -<br />

Religion.<br />

677) Thompson, Richard F.: Das Gehirn; 3. Aufl.; 2001; Spektrum Akademischer Verlag;<br />

Heidelberg; ISBN 3827410800; Von der Nervenzelle zur Verhaltenssteuerung.<br />

678) Hitchens, Chris<strong>to</strong>pher: God is Not Great; 1st Ed.; 2008; Atlantic Books; London; ISBN<br />

9781843545743; How Religion Poisons Everything.<br />

679) Morandini, Simone: Teologia e fisica; 1. ed.; 2007; Morcelliana; Brescia; ISBN<br />

9788837221157; Novecen<strong>to</strong> teologico.<br />

680) Hahn, Chris<strong>to</strong>ph; Hohl, Siegmar (Hrsg.): Der große Museumsführer; Akt. Sonderausg.;<br />

2002; Bassermann; München; ISBN 3809450138; Sammlungen zu Kunst, Kultur, Natur und<br />

Technik in Deutschland.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 143 <strong>of</strong> 154


681) Düwell, Marcus; Hübenthal, Chris<strong>to</strong>ph; Werner, Micha H. (Hrsg.): Handbuch Ethik; 2.,<br />

akt. u. erw. Aufl.; 2006; Metzler; Stuttgart; ISBN 3476021246; Ansätze, Formen und zentrale<br />

Begriffe.<br />

682) Höffe, Otfried (Hrsg.): Lexikon der Ethik; 7., neubearb. u. erw. Aufl.; 2008; Beck; München;<br />

ISBN 9783406568107; in Zusammenarbeit mit Maximilian Forschner, Chris<strong>to</strong>ph Horn<br />

und Wilhelm Vossenkuhl.<br />

683) Remus, Joscha: Infonautik; 1. Aufl.; 2005; Gabal; Offenbach; ISBN 3897495643; Wege<br />

durch den Wissensdschungel.<br />

684) Birkenbihl, Vera F.: Das innere Archiv; 4. erw. Aufl.; 2007; MVG; München; ISBN<br />

9783636072061; Fortsetzung von "Stroh im Kopf?".<br />

685) Williams, Thomas D.: Greater Than You Think; 1st Ed.; 2008; Faithwords; New York;<br />

ISBN 0446514934; A Theologian Answers the Atheists About God.<br />

686) Stilman, Anne: Grammatic<strong>all</strong>y Correct; Rev. Ed.; 2004; Writers Digest; Cincinnati; ISBN<br />

1582973318; The writer's essential guide <strong>to</strong> punctuation, spellling, style, usage and grammar.<br />

687) Schweitzer, Friedrich: Religionspädagogik; 1. Aufl.; 2006; Gütersloher Verlagshaus;<br />

Gütersloh; ISBN 9783579054025; Lehrbuch Praktische Theologie Band 1.<br />

688) Stiftung, Bertelsmann: Relgionsmoni<strong>to</strong>r 2008; 1. Aufl.; 2007; Gütersloher Verlagshaus;<br />

Gütersloh; ISBN 9783579064659; Kommentierte Statistik.<br />

689) Schockenh<strong>of</strong>f, Eberhard: Grundlegung der Ethik; 1. Aufl.; 2007; Herder; Freiburg; ISBN<br />

9783451289385; Ein theologischer Entwurf.<br />

690) Brück, Michael von (Hrsg.): Religion - Segen oder Fluch der Menschheit?; 1. Aufl.;<br />

2008; Verlag der Weltreligionen; Frankfurt; ISBN 9783458710165; Gefördert durch die Udo<br />

Keller Stiftung Forum Humanum.<br />

691) Frielingsdorf, Karl: Mein Leben mit Gott versöhnen; 1. Aufl.; 2008; Echter; Würzburg;<br />

ISBN 9783429029777; Ein Kursbuch für geistliches Wachsen und Begleiten.<br />

692) Rias-Bucher, Barbara: Vitamin-Küche; 1. Aufl.; 1997; Das Beste; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

3870706694; Die köstlichsten Rezepte für Gemüse, Salat, Getreide und Früchte.<br />

693) Osho: Der Gott, den es nicht gibt; 1. Aufl.; 2008; Ullstein; Berlin; ISBN 9783548741604;<br />

Westliche Religion und die Lüge von Gott.<br />

694) Goleman, Daniel: Soziale Intelligenz; 1. Aufl.; 2008; Knaur; München; ISBN<br />

9783426780886; Wer auf andere zugehen kann, hat mehr vom Leben.<br />

695) Hegi, Chris<strong>to</strong>ph; Attinger, Gabrielle: Marco Polo Reiseführer Zürich; 8., akt. Aufl.; 2008;<br />

Mairdumont; Ostfildern; ISBN 9783829705950; Reisen mit Insider-Tipps.<br />

696) Stiglitz, Joseph: Die Chancen der Globalisierung; 1. Aufl.; 2008; Pantheon; München;<br />

ISBN 9783570550489; Aus dem amerikanischen Englisch von Thorsten Schmidt.<br />

697) Wessels, Wolfgang: Das politische System der Europäischen Union; 1. Aufl.; 2008; Verlag<br />

für Sozialwissenschaften; Wiesbaden; ISBN 9783810040657; Politikwissenschaft.<br />

698) Leif, Thomas; Speth, Rudolf (Hrsg.): Die fünfte Gewalt; 1. Aufl.; 2006; Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften;<br />

Wiesbaden; ISBN 3531150332; Lobbyismus in Deutschland.<br />

699) Marsch<strong>all</strong>, Stefan: Parlamentarismus; 1. Aufl.; 2005; Nomos; Baden-Baden; ISBN<br />

383291062X; Eine Einführung.<br />

700) Aris<strong>to</strong>teles: Über die Seele; 1. Aufl.; 2007; Voltmedia; Paderborn; ISBN<br />

9783867636056; Worte, die die Welt veränderten.<br />

701) Samuelson, Paul A.; Nordhaus, William D.: Volkswirtschaftslehre; 3., akt. Aufl.; 2007;<br />

mi-Fachverlag; Landsberg; ISBN 9783636031129; Das internationale Standardwerk der<br />

Makro- und Mikroökonomie.<br />

702) Osho: Au<strong>to</strong>biographie; 2. Aufl.; 2007; Ullstein; Berlin; ISBN 9783548742526; Begegnung<br />

mit dem rebellischen Meister.<br />

703) Ziegler, Jean: Das Imperium der Schande; 3. Aufl.; 2008; Goldmann; München; ISBN<br />

9783442155132; Der Kampf gegen Armut und Unterdrückung.<br />

704) Nuscheler, Franz: Lern- und Arbeitsbuch Entwicklungspolitik; 6. Aufl.; 2005; Dietz;<br />

Bonn; ISBN 3801203506; Eine grundlegende Einführung in die zentralen entwicklungspolitischen<br />

Themenfelder Globalisierung, Staatsversagen, Hunger, Bevölkerung, Wirtschaft und<br />

Umwelt.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 144 <strong>of</strong> 154


705) Rekacewicz, Philippe (Ill.): Atlas der Globalisierung; 2., durchges. Aufl.; 2006; Taz; Berlin;<br />

ISBN 9783937683072; Die neuen Daten und Fakten zur Lage der Welt.<br />

706) Nohlen, Dieter; Schultze, Rainer-Olaf (Hrsg.): Lexikon der Politikwissenschaft Band 1 A-<br />

M; 3., akt. und erw. Aufl.; 2005; Beck; München; ISBN 340654116X; Theorien, Methoden,<br />

Begriffe.<br />

707) Nohlen, Dieter; Schultze, Rainer-Olaf (Hrsg.): Lexikon der Politikwissenschaft Band 2<br />

N-Z; 3., akt. und erw. Aufl.; 2005; Beck; München; ISBN 3406541178; Theorien, Methoden,<br />

Begriffe.<br />

708) Hilger, Georg; Ritter, Werner H.: Religionsdidaktik Grundschule; 2. Aufl.; 2008; Kösel;<br />

München; ISBN 9783466367078; Handbuch für die Praxis des evangelischen und katholischen<br />

Religionsunterrichts.<br />

709) Wilber, Ken: Eros, Kosmos, Logos; 4. Aufl.; 2006; Fischer; Frankfurt; ISBN<br />

9783596149742; Eine Jahrtausend-Vision.<br />

710) Mutius, Bernhard von: Die Verwandlung der Welt; 1. Aufl.; 2000; Klett-Cotta; Stuttgart;<br />

ISBN 3608942718; Ein Dialog mit der Zukunft.<br />

711) Holtfrerich, Carl-Ludwig: Wo sind die Jobs?; 1. Aufl.; 2007; Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt;<br />

München; ISBN 9783421042774; Eine Streitschrift für mehr Arbeit.<br />

712) Osho: Intelligenz; 2. Aufl.; 2008; Ullstein; Berlin; ISBN 9783548741611; Die kreative<br />

Antwort zum Jetzt.<br />

713) Ulich, Eberhard: Arbeitspsychologie; 6., überarb. u. erw. Aufl.; 2005; vdf Hochschulverlag;<br />

Zürich; ISBN 3728129984; Text- und Lehrbuch, Informations- und Nachschlagewerk.<br />

714) Dreikurs, Rudolf; Soltz, Vicki: Kinder fordern uns heraus; 16. Aufl.; 2008; Klett-Cotta;<br />

Stuttgart; ISBN 9783608944006; Wie erziehen wir sie zeitgemäß?.<br />

715) Fischer, Marcus: Ubuntu GNU/Linux; 4., akt. und erw. Aufl.; 2009; Galileo Press; Bonn;<br />

ISBN 9783836214391; Das umfassende Handbuch.<br />

716) Chopra, Deepak: Die göttliche Kraft; 4. Aufl.; 2006; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag;<br />

München; ISBN 9783423362726; Die sieben Stufen der spirituellen Erkenntnis.<br />

717) Birkenbihl, Vera F.: Rhe<strong>to</strong>rik; 10. Aufl.; 2002; Aris<strong>to</strong>n; München; ISBN 3720522997;<br />

Redetraining für jeden Anlass.<br />

718) Sandel, Michael J.: Plädoyer gegen die Perfektion; 1. Aufl.; 2008; Berlin University<br />

Press; Berlin; ISBN 9783940432032; Ethik im Zeitalter der genetischen Technik.<br />

719) Kuan, Yu-Chien; Häring-Kuan, Petra: Der China-Knigge; 6. Aufl.; 2008; Fischer; Frankfurt;<br />

ISBN 9783596166848; Eine Gebrauchsanweisung für das Reich der Mitte.<br />

720) Ess, Hans van: Die 101 wichtigsten Fragen; 1. Aufl.; 2008; Beck; München; ISBN<br />

9783406568084; China.<br />

721) Vitzthum, Wolfgang Graf (Hrsg.): Völkerrecht; 4., neu bearb. Aufl.; 2007; De Gruyter;<br />

Berlin; ISBN 9783899494259; Lehrbuch.<br />

722) Grill, Bartholomäus: Ach, Afrika; 6. Aufl.; 2005; Goldmann; München; ISBN<br />

9783442153374; Berichte aus dem Inneren eines Kontinents.<br />

723) Stang, Friedrich: Indien; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft; Darmstadt;<br />

ISBN 3534062108; Mit 98 Abbildungen, 82 Bildern.<br />

724) Johnen, Kurt: Allgemeine Musiklehre; 21. Aufl.; 2008; Reclam; Stuttgart; ISBN<br />

9783150073520; Mit zahlreichen Notenbeispielen.<br />

725) Michels, Ulrich: dtv-Atlas Musik; 1. Aufl.; 2008; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag; München;<br />

ISBN 3423085991; Mit 250 Abbildungsseiten in Farbe.<br />

726) Oberh<strong>of</strong>fer, Heinrich: Harmonie- und Kompositionslehre; 1. Aufl.; 2006; Elibron; New<br />

York; ISBN 0543838323; Mit besonderer Rücksicht auf das Orgelspiel in katholischen Kirchen.<br />

727) Kuhn, Clemens: Formenlehre der Musik; 8. Aufl.; 2007; Bärenreiter; Kassel; ISBN<br />

9783761813928; Mit Notenbeispielen.<br />

728) Krämer, Thomas: Harmonielehre im Selbststudium; Neuausg.; 2006; Breitkopf & Härtel;<br />

Wiesbaden; ISBN 376510261X; Mit Notenbeispielen.<br />

729) Kellert, Peter; Fritsch, Markus: Arrangieren und Produzieren; 4., überarb. Aufl.; 2005;<br />

Leu; Bergisch-Gladbach; ISBN 3928825224; Musikarbeitsbuch mit CD.<br />

730) Martinus: Das Dritte Testament - Livets Bog 2; 1. Aufl.; 2001; Martinus Verlag; Ockenfels;<br />

ISBN 3938189312; Martinus-Institut Kopenhagen.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 145 <strong>of</strong> 154


731) Martinus: Das Dritte Testament - Das ewige Weltbild 1; 1. Aufl.; 1988; Martinus Verlag;<br />

Ockenfels; ISBN 3938189371; Martinus-Institut Kopenhagen.<br />

732) Baker, Jill (Hrsg.): Weltatlas & Länderlexikon; Gen. Sonderausg.; 2010; Tandem; Königswinter;<br />

ohne ISBN; Alle Staaten der Erde mit ausführlichen Artikeln.<br />

733) Gogh, Vincent van: Van Gogh; 1. Aufl.; 2002; Belser; Stuttgart; ISBN 3763024042;<br />

Vorwort von Robert Hughes.<br />

734) Oerter, Rolf; Montada, Leo (Hrsg.): Entwicklungspsychologie; 6., vollst. überarb. Aufl.;<br />

2008; Beltz; Weinheim; ISBN 9783621276078; Lehrbuch.<br />

735) Louis, Dirk: Visual C++ 2008; 1. Aufl.; 2008; Markt + Technik; München; ISBN<br />

9783827243232; Das umfassende Handbuch für Programmierer.<br />

736) Klüver, Henning; Eder, Florian: Marco Polo Reiseführer Mailand/Lombardei; 4., akt.<br />

Aufl.; 2010; Mairdumont; Ostfildern; ISBN 9783829704847; Mit Reise-Atlas.<br />

737) Galenschovski, Carmen: Florenz; 9. Aufl.; 2007; Baedeker; Ostfildern; ISBN<br />

9783829711517; Reiseführer mit großem Cityplan.<br />

738) Korte, Karl-Rudolf; Fröhlich, Manuel: Politik und Regieren in Deutschland; 3., akt. u.<br />

überarb. Aufl.; 2009; Schöningh; Paderborn; ISBN 978382522436; Strukturen, Prozesse,<br />

Entscheidungen.<br />

739) Walter, Wolfgang: Analysis 2; 5., erw. Aufl.; 2002; Springer; Berlin; ISBN 3540429530;<br />

Mit über 160 Aufgaben und Lösungen.<br />

740) Henkel, Hans-Olaf: Der Kampf um die Mitte; 1. Aufl.; 2007; Droemer; München; ISBN<br />

9783426274231; Mein Bekenntnis zum Bürgertum.<br />

741) Landers, Dieter; Rogge, Lothar: Nichtstandard Analysis; 1. Aufl.; 1994; Springer; Berlin;<br />

ISBN 3540571159; Mit 204 Übungsaufgaben.<br />

742) Schwarz, Hans Rudolf; Köckler, Norbert: Numerische Mathematik; 7., überarb. Aufl.;<br />

2009; Vieweg + Teubner; Wiesbaden; ISBN 9783834806833; Mit Online-Service.<br />

743) Musch, Hans (Hrsg.): Musik im Gottesdienst - Band 2; 4., erw. u. verb. Aufl.; 1994;<br />

ConBrio; Regensburg; ISBN 3930079224; Musiklehre, Gemeindeliedführung, Neue Geistliche<br />

Lieder, Orgelkunde, Stimmbildung, Chorleitung, Kinderchor, Lexikon.<br />

744) Smyth, Bill: Computing Patterns in Strings; 1st Ed.; 2003; Pearson Education; Essex;<br />

ISBN 0201398397; Monograph.<br />

745) Willberg, Brigitte und Hans Peter (Bearb.): Evangelisches Gesangbuch; 4., überarb.<br />

Aufl.; 2007; Lutherische Verlagsgesellschaft; Kiel; ISBN 9783875031126; Sonderausgabe.<br />

746) Kinder, Hermann; Hilgemann, Werner: dtv-Atlas zur Weltgeschichte Band I; 28. Aufl.;<br />

1994; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag; München; ISBN 3423030011; Von den Anfängen bis<br />

zur Französischen Revolution.<br />

747) Dörner, Dietrich: Bauplan für eine Seele; 1. Aufl.; 2001; Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag;<br />

Reinbek; ISBN 3499611937; Science Sachbuch.<br />

748) Kleis, Constanze: Gebrauchsanweisung für Frankfurt am Main; 2. Aufl.; 2010; Piper;<br />

München; ISBN 9783492275798; Stadtbeschreibung.<br />

749) Asendorpf, Jens B.: Psychologie der Persönlichkeit; 4., überarb. u. erw. Aufl.; 2007;<br />

Springer; Heidelberg; ISBN 9783540716846; Lehrbuch.<br />

750) Friedman, Thomas L.: Die Welt ist flach; 1. Aufl.; 2008; Suhrkamp; Frankfurt; ISBN<br />

9783518459645; Akt. u. erw. Taschenbuchausgabe.<br />

751) Grune, Dick; Jacobs, Ceriel J. H.: Parsing Techniques; 2nd Ed.; 2009; Springer; New<br />

York; ISBN 9781441919014; A Practical Guide.<br />

752) Needham, Tristan: Visual Complex Analysis; Reprint; 1998; Oxford University Press;<br />

New York; ISBN 9780198534464; Including non-Euclidean geometry.<br />

753) Rohr, Richard: Pure Präsenz; 2. Aufl.; 2010; Claudius; München; ISBN<br />

9783532624135; Sehen lernen wie die Mystiker.<br />

754) Terwitte, Paulus: Das Leben findet heute statt!; 1. Aufl.; 2010; Rowohlt Taschenbuch<br />

Verlag; Reinbek; ISBN 9783499624445; Ein Anschlag auf die Vertröstungsgesellschaft.<br />

755) Schmidt, Robin: Rudolf Steiner; 1. Aufl.; 2011; Verlag am Goetheanum; Dornach; ISBN<br />

9783723514238; Skizze seines Lebens.<br />

756) Asserate, Asfa-Wossen: Afrika; 1. Aufl.; 2010; C. H. Beck; München; ISBN<br />

9783406600968; Die 101 wichtigsten Fragen und Antworten.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 146 <strong>of</strong> 154


757) Ai, Weiwei: Macht euch keine Illusionen über mich; 1. Aufl.; 2011; Galiani; Berlin; ISBN<br />

9783869710495; Der verbotene Blog.<br />

758) Kris<strong>to</strong>f, Nicholas D.; WuDunn, Sheryl: Die Hälfte des Himmels; 1. Aufl.; 2011; C. H.<br />

Beck; München; ISBN 9783406621802; Wie Frauen weltweit für eine bessere Zukunft kämpfen.<br />

759) <strong>Haase</strong>, <strong>Boris</strong>: Relil; 1. Aufl.; 2011; Epubli; Berlin; ISBN 9783844208726; Religion und<br />

Lebensweg.<br />

760) Bartels, Henning: Die Piratenpartei; 1. Aufl.; 2009; Contumax; Berlin; ISBN<br />

9783861990017; Entstehung, Forderungen und Perspektiven der Bewegung.<br />

761) Jehde, Manfred; Schippen, Michael; Wunsch, Alfred S.: Faszination Mittelalter; ohne<br />

Angabe; 2011; Lingen; Köln; ohne ISBN; Rätsel und Geheimnisse einer Epoche.<br />

762) Grund, Stefan; Iken, Matthias; Lauterbach, Jörn et al.: Hamburger Momente; 1. Aufl.;<br />

2010; Hamburger Abendblatt; Hamburg; ISBN 9783939716365; 100 Kolumnen mit ganz besonderen<br />

Einblicken in den Alltag der Hansestadt.<br />

763) Gelbaum, Bernard R.; Olmsted, John M. H.: Counterexamples in Analysis; Republ.,<br />

unabr., slightly corr.; 2003; Dover Publications; Mineola, New York; ISBN 9780486428758;<br />

Mathematics.<br />

764) Köhler, Günter: Analysis; 1. Aufl.; 2006; Heldermann; Lemgo; ISBN 3885381141; Mit<br />

Aufgaben von Jürgen Grahl.<br />

765) Rudin, Walter: Reelle und Komplexe Analysis; 2., verb. Aufl.; 2009; Oldenbourg; München;<br />

ISBN 9783486591866; Mathematik.<br />

766) Gawin, Izabella; Schulze, Dieter: CityTrip Bremen; 2., neu bearb. u. kompl. akt. Aufl.;<br />

2010; Reise Know-How Verlag; Bielefeld; ISBN 9783831718641; Reiseführer mit großem<br />

CityAtlas.<br />

767) Höhne, Wieland; Missler, Eva et al.: Hamburg; 14. Aufl.; 2009; Baedeker; Ostfildern;<br />

ISBN 9783829710336; Reiseführer mit großem Cityplan.<br />

768) Fröba, Stephanie; Wassermann, Alfred: Die bedeutendsten Mathematiker; 1. Aufl.;<br />

2007; Marixverlag; Wiesbaden; ISBN 9783865399168; Biografisch-werkgeschichtliche Porträts.<br />

769) Woyke, Wichard (Hrsg.): Handwörterbuch Internationale Politik; 10., durchges. Aufl.;<br />

2006; Budrich; Opladen; ISBN 9783825207021; Politikwissenschaft.<br />

770) Werth, Reinhard: Die Natur des Bewusstseins; 1. Aufl.; 2010; Beck; München; ISBN<br />

9783406605949; Wie Wahrnehmung und freier Wille im Gehirn entstehen.<br />

771) Hörmander, Lars: An Introduction <strong>to</strong> Complex Analysis in Several Variables; 2nd Ed.;<br />

1973; North-Holland; Amsterdam; ohne ISBN; Mathematics.<br />

772) Fritzsche, Klaus; Grauert, Hans: From Holomorphic Functions <strong>to</strong> Complex Manifolds;<br />

1st Ed.; 2002; Springer; New York; ISBN 0387953957; Graduate Texts in Mathematics.<br />

773) Wells, Raymond O. Jr.: Differential Analysis on Complex Manifolds; 3rd Ed.; 2008;<br />

Springer; New York; ISBN 9781441925350; Graduate Texts in Mathematics.<br />

774) Müller-Burzler, Henning: Auf den Spuren der Methusalem-Ernährung; 7. Aufl.; 2011;<br />

Windpferd; Oberstdorf; ISBN 9783893854370; Die Wiederentdeckung der Heil- und Aufbaukräfte<br />

der Nahrung.<br />

775) Vanderbei, Robert J.: Linear Programming; 3rd Ed.; 2008; Springer; New York; ISBN<br />

9780387743875; Foundations and Extensions.<br />

776) Bazaraa, Mokhtar S.; Sherali, Hanif D.; Shetty, C. M.: Nonlinear Programming; 3rd Ed.;<br />

2006; Wiley; Hoboken; ISBN 9780471486008; Theory and Algorithms.<br />

777) Dantzig, George B.: Lineare Programmierung und Erweiterungen; 1. Aufl.; 1966;<br />

Springer; Berlin; ASIN B0000BQFZ8; Ökonomie und Unternehmungsforschung II.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 147 <strong>of</strong> 154


Subject Catalogue<br />

A • B • C • D • E • F • G • H • I • J • K • L • M • N • O • P • Q • R • S • T • U • V • W • X • Y • Z<br />

A<br />

Achievement Interview<br />

Activities Current<br />

Advantages Reference Theory<br />

Ambisexuality Ambisexuality, Linguistics<br />

Amplitude Oscillations<br />

B<br />

Bit Binary <strong>font</strong><br />

Bitsort Sorting and Searching<br />

Books Bibliography<br />

C<br />

Calculation <strong>of</strong> lengths Calculation <strong>of</strong> Times<br />

Calculation <strong>of</strong> times Mathematics, Calculation <strong>of</strong> Times<br />

Calculations <strong>of</strong> errors Oscillations<br />

Calendar Calculation <strong>of</strong> Times<br />

Clare Informatics, Programming with Stair<br />

Classification Equitable Distributing<br />

Clothes Internet and Co<br />

Consciousness Consciousness<br />

Contents Internet and Co<br />

Continuum Reference Theory<br />

Cube Universe<br />

Cycloid pendulum Oscillations<br />

D<br />

Determinism Knowledge Representation<br />

Dihairesis Reference Theory<br />

Direction way Oscillations<br />

Discussion Oscillations<br />

E<br />

Earthday Calculation <strong>of</strong> Times<br />

Ellipse pendulum Oscillations<br />

Email Internet and Co<br />

Equitable distributing Mathematics, Equitable Distributing<br />

Evolute Oscillations<br />

Exams Internet and Co<br />

Exchanges Reference Theory<br />

Experiment Oscillations<br />

F<br />

Fascination Interview<br />

Font Binary <strong>font</strong>, Linguistics<br />

<strong>Fon<strong>to</strong></strong> Font <strong>Fon<strong>to</strong></strong>, Linguistics<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 148 <strong>of</strong> 154


G<br />

Geometry Mathematics, Geometry<br />

H<br />

<strong>Haase</strong>, <strong>Boris</strong> About me<br />

I<br />

Infinity Set Theory<br />

Internet Internet and Co, Informatics<br />

Interview Interview, Philosophy<br />

K<br />

Keyboard Binary <strong>font</strong><br />

Kinetic energy Physics<br />

Knowledge representation Knowledge Representation, Philosophy<br />

L<br />

Lango Planned language Lango<br />

Language <strong>of</strong> science Language <strong>of</strong> Science<br />

Lept Calculation <strong>of</strong> Times<br />

Letters Font <strong>Fon<strong>to</strong></strong><br />

M<br />

Machines Internet and Co<br />

Mathematical pendulum Oscillations<br />

Matter Knowledge Representation<br />

Modal verb Reference Theory<br />

Month Calculation <strong>of</strong> Times<br />

N<br />

Nonstandardanalysis Nonstandardanalysis<br />

Number Set Theory<br />

O<br />

Oct Calculation <strong>of</strong> Times<br />

Octal system Calculation <strong>of</strong> Times<br />

Optimisation Mathematics, Optimisation<br />

Oscillation Oscillations<br />

Overview Introduction<br />

P<br />

Periodic time Oscillations<br />

Plane Oscillations<br />

Planned language Planned language Lango, Linguistics<br />

Potential energy Oscillations<br />

Probability Knowledge Representation<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 149 <strong>of</strong> 154


Problem Problem Solutions<br />

Problem solutions Problem Solutions<br />

Programming Programming with Stair<br />

Q<br />

Questionnaire About me<br />

R<br />

Radius <strong>of</strong> curvature Oscillations<br />

Radio computing Radio Computing<br />

Radix sort Sorting and Searching<br />

Reading Current<br />

Reference Reference Theory, Knowledge Representation<br />

Reference theory Reference Theory, Philosophy<br />

Relation Knowledge Representation, Reference Theory<br />

Religion <strong>of</strong> love Religion<br />

RelilWiki Religion<br />

Rest position Oscillations<br />

Representations Representations<br />

Revisional his<strong>to</strong>ry Main Page<br />

S<br />

Scaling Reference Theory, Knowledge Representation<br />

Searching Informatics, Sorting and Searching<br />

Series Oscillations<br />

Set Set Theory<br />

Set theory Set Theory, Mathematics<br />

Solution Problem Solutions<br />

Sorting Informatics, Sorting and Searching<br />

Space Reference Theory<br />

Spring Oscillations<br />

Stair Informatics, Programming with Stair<br />

Strap Internet and Co<br />

Subjects Subject Catalogue<br />

Substance Reference Theory, Knowledge Representation<br />

T<br />

Tension energy Oscillations<br />

Themes Main Page<br />

Time Reference Theory<br />

Transcendent numbers Set Theory, Transcendent numbers<br />

Transport Internet and Co<br />

U<br />

Unity sphere Universe<br />

Universal Reference Theory<br />

Universe Universe<br />

V<br />

Virtual reality Internet and Co<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 150 <strong>of</strong> 154


Visions About me<br />

Vocabulary Planned language Lango<br />

W<br />

Week Calculation <strong>of</strong> Times<br />

Work-results Equitable Distributing<br />

Y<br />

Youth researches Oscillations<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 151 <strong>of</strong> 154


Definitions and Glossary<br />

A • B • C • D • E • F • G • H • I • J • K • L • M • N • O • P • Q • R • S • T • U • V • W • X • Y • Z<br />

A<br />

Amfon: third substance, <strong>to</strong> which thoughts and matter are tied for exchange purposes.<br />

B<br />

Body <strong>of</strong> a living entity: the entirety <strong>of</strong> the material substances, referred <strong>to</strong> each other, <strong>of</strong> that<br />

living entity.<br />

C<br />

Circle, deterministic: change between deterministic determination according <strong>to</strong> the divine<br />

order and indeterministic phases, in which the creature can determine itself.<br />

Clare: programming language (coding language after rule environment), capable<br />

<strong>of</strong> learning (by adding rules and meta-rules), which has activatable (self-)<br />

optimisation algorithms.<br />

Consciousness: 1. the part <strong>of</strong> the mind that a living entity can directly access at a particular<br />

point in time by reference,<br />

2. the (passive) state in which we become aware <strong>of</strong> the entirety <strong>of</strong> that what<br />

is actual for us, the content <strong>of</strong> consciousness, by presenting itself <strong>to</strong> us, so<br />

is coming in us <strong>in<strong>to</strong></strong> being.<br />

Continuum, finite: gapless finite <strong>to</strong>tal <strong>of</strong> entities which are linked by references.<br />

Cuboid scheme: assignment <strong>of</strong> numbers <strong>to</strong> the set <strong>of</strong> natural numbers per dimension.<br />

D<br />

Dihairesis: progressing fragmentation <strong>of</strong> a term in its components <strong>of</strong> meaning, until<br />

only still substance terms remain.<br />

Don: ambisexual nominative and accusative form <strong>of</strong> the article for der/den resp.<br />

die.<br />

Dor: ambisexual genitive and dative form <strong>of</strong> the article for des/dem resp. der.<br />

Doren: ambisexual genitive form <strong>of</strong> the relative pronoun for dessen/deren.<br />

E<br />

Earthday: working day inserted between Sunday and Monday.<br />

F<br />

<strong>Fon<strong>to</strong></strong>: <strong>font</strong> developed by me for the International Phonetic Alphabet.<br />

I<br />

ID: identification number assigned uniquely <strong>to</strong> every person.<br />

L<br />

Label: referred <strong>to</strong> <strong>of</strong> a distinguished.<br />

Lango: planned language developed by me whose vocabulary is determined democratic<strong>all</strong>y.<br />

Lept: eighth part <strong>of</strong> an oct, 64th part <strong>of</strong> a day.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 152 <strong>of</strong> 154


M<br />

Mind: gener<strong>all</strong>y the process, initiated by an entity, <strong>of</strong> linking immaterial substances<br />

and references. In particular, it comprises only the more complex<br />

links.<br />

N<br />

Number: selecting marking <strong>of</strong> the many and construction from it.<br />

O<br />

Oct: eighth part <strong>of</strong> a day.<br />

On: 1. ambisexual nominative and accusative suffix for adjectives, substantives,<br />

pronouns and the indefinite article and for -mann resp. -frau,<br />

2. ambisexual indefinite pronoun for man.<br />

Onen: ambisexual plural suffix for substantives.<br />

Or: ambisexual genitive and dative suffix for adjectives, substantives, pronouns<br />

and the indefinite article.<br />

Orbital: meaning environment <strong>of</strong> a term.<br />

R<br />

Reference: special substance, which interlinks the substances.<br />

Reference theory: philosophical doctrine, which is based on substances and references.<br />

S<br />

Signature: electronic equivalent <strong>to</strong> the manual signature.<br />

Soul: the mind and the results <strong>of</strong> the mental processes <strong>of</strong> an entity.<br />

Stair: programming concept for development environments that stands for standardised<br />

transformation after individual rules.<br />

Strap: multifunction device with diverse functions <strong>of</strong> the new media.<br />

Subconsciousness: the sub-processes <strong>of</strong> the mind that are beyond the direct access <strong>of</strong> the<br />

living entity.<br />

Substance: entity which cannot be divided analytic<strong>all</strong>y anymore (examples, <strong>to</strong> which<br />

substances are assigned: space, time, the one, the must).<br />

U<br />

URL, generic: URL which contains wildcards.<br />

W<br />

World: closed <strong>to</strong>tal which is accessible for a subject during a period.<br />

Z<br />

Ze: ambisexual subjective form <strong>of</strong> the personal pronoun for he/she.<br />

Zer: ambisexual objective form <strong>of</strong> the personal pronoun for him/her.<br />

Zerself: ambisexual reflexive form <strong>of</strong> the personal pronoun for himself/herself.<br />

Zie: ambisexual nominative form <strong>of</strong> the personal pronoun for er/sie.<br />

Zihn: ambisexual accusative form <strong>of</strong> the personal pronoun for ihn/sie.<br />

Zihr: ambisexual dative form <strong>of</strong> the personal pronoun for ihm/ihr and beginning<br />

<strong>of</strong> the corresponding possessive pronoun for sein/ihr.<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 153 <strong>of</strong> 154


Zihrer: ambisexual genitive form <strong>of</strong> the personal pronoun for seiner/ihrer.<br />

Zis: ambisexual possessive form <strong>of</strong> the personal pronoun for his/her(s).<br />

© 1983-2012 by <strong>Boris</strong> <strong>Haase</strong> page 154 <strong>of</strong> 154

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