Global Perspective on Non-communicable Disease Prevention and ...

Exhibit 18: Ten leading risk factors as percentage causes of disease burdenmeasured in DALYs by level of development <strong>and</strong> type of affectedoutcome 3Developing countriesRankHigh mortalitycountriesLow mortalitycountriesDeveloped countries1UnderweightAlcohol misuseTobacco use(14.9%)(6.2%)(12.2%)2Unsafe sexUnderweightHigh blood pressure(10.2%)(5.0%)(10.9%)3Unsafe waterHigh bloodAlcohol misuse(5.5%)pressure(9.2%)(4.0%)4Indoor smokeTobacco useHigh cholesterol(3.7%)(3.1%)(7.6%)5Zinc deficiencyHigh body massHigh body mass index(3.2%)index(7.4%)(2.7%)6Ir<strong>on</strong> deficiencyHigh cholesterolLow fruit <strong>and</strong> vegetable intake(3.1%)(2.1%)(3.9%)7Vitamin AIr<strong>on</strong> deficiencyPhysical inactivitydeficiency(1.9%)(3.3%)(3.0%)8High blood pressureLow fruit <strong>and</strong>Illicit drug use(2.5%)vegetable intake(1.8%)(1.9%)9Tobacco useIndoor smoke fromUnderweight(2.0%)solid fuels(0.8%)(1.8%)10High cholesterolUnsafe waterIr<strong>on</strong> deficiency(1.9%)(1.7%)(0.7%)(Source: World Health Report, 2002)26