Probation and Probation Services - CEP, the European Organisation ...

HISTORY• 19th century: focus changed fromcriminal act to criminal offender• Criminal law became moreindividualised, attention forrehabilitation• Voluntary work tradition, fromindividuals and (Christian)charitable organisations• 20th century: work of privateprobation organisations takenover by the state.• 20 th -21th century :professionalisation of probationwork.