How to Convert How do you change a PERCENT to a FRACTION ...

VIABTRACT.!The FSKSM's Question Bank system has been developed to assist lecturers tostore and to prepare examination questions effectively and securely. ln the currentprocess, lecturers teaching the subject will fust meet to vet the examination questions.Then the subject coordinator will make the final choice and improve the questions whennecessary' Using the FSKSM Question Bank system, examination questions can beadded by lecturers and evaluated by the panel members to deterrnine their qualitythroughouthe semester. In addition, this system can categorize question according to atopic' type and level of the Bloom Taxonomy. Finally, the system will generate the setof question according to a framework set out earlier.

5C. In a survey, thirty people were asked to name their favorite fast food French Fries. Twenty-fivechose McDonald’s while five chose Burger King. Write a comparison statement about these resultsin each of the five methods: (Use complete sentences.)BURGER KING_______ MCDONALD’S________ TOTAL ______RatioShow workDifferenceShow workFractionShow workPercentShow workScalingShow work

6Lesson 1.1Exploring Ratios and RatesA. Describe what you think each statement means.In a taste test, people who preferred Bolda Cola outnumbered those who preferred Cola Nola by a ratio1of 17,139 to 11,426.2In a taste test, 5,713 more people preferred Bolda Cola.3In a taste test, 60% of the people preferred Bolda Cola.4In a taste test, people who preferred Bolda Cola outnumbered those who preferred Cola Nola by a ratioof 3 to 2.B. Which of the proposed statements do you think would be the most effective in advertisingBolda Cola. Why?C. Is it possible that all four statements are based on the same survey data? Explain.YESNOD. Write another way to express the claims in the four proposed advertising statements.E. If you were to survey 1,000 cola drinkers, what numbers of Bolda Cola and Cola Nola drinkerswould you expect? Explain.Bolda Cola _______Cola Nola ________

8Lesson 1.3Writing Comparison StatementsA. What do each of these tell us—what do we learn by reading each type of statement?DifferenceRatioFractionPercentScalingYou can describe the size of a tree by comparing it to other trees or familiar things.Tree Type Circumference (ft) Height (ft) Spread (diameter) (ft)Giant Sequoia (CA) 83.2 275 107Coast Redwood (CA) 79.2 321 80White Oak (MD) 31.8 96 119B. The tallest person in history, according to the Guinness Book of World Records, was RobertWadlow. He was nearly 9 feet tall. Write two statements comparing Wadlow to the trees in thetable. Use fractions, ratios, percents, or scaling.C. Average waist, height, and arm-span measurements for a small group of adult men are given.Waist = 32 inches Height = 72 inches Arm Span = 73 inchesWrite two statements comparing the data on these men to the trees in the table. Use fractions,ratios, percent, or scaling.

9Lesson 1. PracticeRatio and Rate PracticeMrs. Cavalier and Miss Gierman each decided to bake cupcakes for Mrs. Adams’s birthday. Since there were somany left over, a group of students were able to sample a cupcake made by each teacher. There were 20 studentswho tried both types of cupcakes. Twelve of them preferred Mrs. Cavaliers, while eight of them like Miss Gierman’scupcakes._____________________ ______________________ ______________________Read each of the statements below. Decide if each one is TRUE or FALSE.Show work to prove your decision.1TRUEFALSE2TRUEFALSE3TRUEFALSE4TRUEFALSE5TRUEFALSE6TRUEFALSE7TRUEFALSE8TRUEFALSE9TRUEFALSE12 out of 20 students preferred Mrs. Cavalier’s cupcakes over Miss Gierman’s.Students preferred Mrs. Cavalier’s cupcakes over Miss Gierman’s by a ratio of 12 to 20.Two times as many people liked Mrs. Cavalier’s cupcakes than Miss Gierman’s cupcakes.Students who liked Mrs. Cavalier’s cupcakes outnumbered those that liked Miss Gierman’s by five.12% of the students preferred Mrs. Cavalier’s cupcakes.40% of the students preferred Miss Gierman’s cupcakes.2 /5 of the students preferred Mrs. Cavalier’s cupcakes.More than half of the students preferred Miss Gierman’s cupcakes.8 /20 of the students preferred Miss Gierman’s cupcakes.

10Twenty-five people were asked to select their favorite drink. The results were as follows:Pepsi = 16 Coke = 4 Sprite = 3 Snapple = 2Fill in the blanks below to make the statements true.10. People preferred _________________ over _________________ by a ratio of four to three.11. Pepsi was preferred ____________________ times as much as Snapple.12. One more person preferred ____________________ over Snapple.13. 4 /25 of the people preferred ____________________.14. Pepsi was preferred by ____________________ percent of the people.15. People preferred __________________ over __________________ by a ratio of two to one.16. ____________________ was preferred by 12% of the people.17. Coke was preferred two times as much as ____________________.The table below shows the results when the seventh-grade classes were asked whetherthey wanted chicken orpasta served at theirawards banquet. Use the Banquet Preferences table for #18-20.Homeroom Chicken201 10 12202 8 17203 16 10Pasta18. In Room 201, what is the ratio of students who prefer chicken to students who prefer pasta? ____________19. Combine the totals for all three rooms. What is the ratio of the number of students who prefer pasta to thenumber of students who prefer chicken?____________________________20. Write a comparison statement comparing the survey results. Use fractions, ratios, percents or scaling.

11Lesson 2. IntroMaking BoostTo make the soft drink Boost, the directions read “Mix 1 part Boost with 4 parts water, serve chilled.”Use this information to help answer to the following questions.ABCWhat is the ratio of Boost to water?How many total parts does it take to make one batch of Boost?What fraction of the mix is Boost?What fraction of the mix is water?DWhat percent of the mix is Boost?What percent of the mix is water?Now Consider This…….How much total liquid is made from one recipe? ________How many people will this serve? ___________Suppose you want to “scale up” this recipe to make enough Boost to serve 120 people. Completethe ratio table to help you determine how many cups of Boost and water are needed to do this.Concentrate Water Total LiquidRatioScale factorActualSuppose you want to “scale down” the recipe to make enough Boost to serve 1 person. Completethe ratio table to help you determine how many cups of Boost and water are needed to do this.Concentrate Water Total LiquidRatioScale factorActual

12Lesson 2.1Mixing JuiceTo find the mix that tastes the best, they decide to test some mixes.Mix AMix B2 cups concentrate 3 cups cold water 5 cups concentrate 9 cups cold waterMix CMix D1 cup concentrate 2 cups cold water 3 cups concentrate 5 cups cold waterA. Which mix will make juice that is the MOST “orangey?” Explain.Mix ____B. Which mix will make juice that is the LEAST “orangey?” Explain.Mix ____C. Which comparison statement is correct? Explain5/9 of Mix B is concentrate 5/14 of Mix B is concentrateD. Assume that each camper will get ½ cup of juice.How many cups of juice will you need for 240 campers? ____________For each mix, how many batches are needed to make juice for 240 campers? For each mix, how muchconcentrate and how much water are needed to make juice for 240 campers? (use tables to record your answers)MIX A Cups of Concentrate Cups of Water Total cups of JuiceOriginal RecipeScale factorNew RecipeMIX B Cups of Concentrate Cups of Water Total cups of JuiceOriginal RecipeScale factorNew Recipe

13MIX C Cups of Concentrate Cups of Water Total cups of JuiceOriginal RecipeScale factorNew RecipeMIX D Cups of Concentrate Cups of Water Total cups of JuiceOriginal RecipeScale factorNew RecipeE. For each mix, how much concentrate and how much water are needed to make 1 cup of juice?MIX A Cups of Concentrate Cups of Water Total cups of JuiceOriginal RecipeScale factorNew RecipeMIX B Cups of Concentrate Cups of Water Total cups of JuiceOriginal RecipeScale factorNew RecipeMIX C Cups of Concentrate Cups of Water Total cups of JuiceOriginal RecipeScale factorNew RecipeMIX D Cups of Concentrate Cups of Water Total cups of JuiceOriginal RecipeScale factorNew RecipeCheck for UnderstandingWhich of the following will taste most orangey:2 cups of concentrate and 3 cups of water4 cups of concentrate and 6 cups of water10 cups of concentrate and 15 cups of water

14Lesson 2.2Sharing PizzaAt which table would you prefer to sit? _______________As you work through the problems, beprepared to share/explain your strategyand why you think your strategy forsolving the problem is appropriate.Try to find more than one wayto make each comparison.A. Suppose the pizzas are shared equally by everyone at the table. Does a person sitting at asmall table get the same amount as a person sitting at a large table? Explain.YESNOB. Which table relates to 3 /8?SMALLLARGEWhat does the 3 stand for?What does the 8 stand for?Is 3/8 a part-to-whole comparison or a part-to-part comparison?C. Selena thinks she can decide at which table a person gets the most pizza.She does the problem 10 – 4 = 6What does the 6 mean?She does the problem 8 – 3 = 5What does the 5 mean?She decides that since 6 is bigger than 5, the large table is better.Do you agree or disagree with Selena’s method?Suppose you put nine pizzas on the large table.What math problem would Selena write? _______ – _______ = _______Which table would she choose NOW? ________________ Does this answer make sense?What can you say now about Selena’s method?D. The ratio of large tables to small tables in the dining room is 8 to 5. There are exactly enoughseats for the 240 campers.1. How many tables of each kindare there?2. What fraction of the campers sitat small tables?3. What percent of the campers sitat large tables?SMALL _____LARGE _______

15Lesson 2.3Finding Equivalent RatiosSuppose all classes at your grade level took the cola taste test.The result was 100 to 80 in favor of Bolda Cola. How do you scale down this ratio to make it easier to understand? What are some other ratios equivalent to this ratio in which the numbers are greater?(This is called scaling up the ratio.) How is scaling ratios like finding equivalent fractions for 100/80? How is scaling ratios different from finding equivalent fractions?Problem 2.3Scaling RatiosOne of Ming’s tasks at the camp is to mix snack mix for the afternoons.The combination of Chex mix and M&Ms changes for the different ages of the campers.Toddlers Kids (5-12) Young Adults (13-18)2 cups M&M mix3 cups Chex mixper serving6 cups M&M mix4 cups Chex mixper serving4 cups M&M mix2 cups Chex mixper servingA. What amounts of M&M mix and Chex mix will Ming need when she has to feed 2 toddlers,3 toddlers, 4 toddlers, etc. Complete the table below.Snack Mix for ToddlersNumber of Toddlers 1 2 3 4 5 10Cups of M&M mixCups of Chex mix

162. What patterns do you see in your table?3. Ming puts 48 cups of Chex mix into the toddler snack mix.How many cups of M&Ms does she put into the mix? Explain.4. Ming has a total of 125 cups of snack mix for toddlers.How many cups of M&Ms are in the mix? Explain.B. Kids1. What is the ratio of M&Ms to Chex mix for campers ages 5 to 12?2. Scale this ratio UP to show the ratioof M&Ms to Chex mix that will feed 21 kids.3. To feed 18 kids, you need 108 cups of M&Ms and 72 cups of Chex mix.Show how to scale down this ratio to feed 3 kids.C. .1. Darla wants to compare the amount of M&Ms to the total amount of snack mix for kids. Who is correct?Explain.Darla: “M&Ms are 3/2 of the total.”Lamar: “M&Ms are 3/5 of the total.”2. What fraction of the total amount of snack mix for young adults is M&Ms?3. Suppose the ratio of male campers to female campers is5 to 4.What fraction of the campers are male?4. Suppose 2/3 of the campers are female.Find the ratio of female campers to male campers in that camp.Check for UnderstandingWhich grade level has the greatest ratio of girls to boys?Grade A: 210 girls to 240 boysGrade B: 95 girls to 120 boys

17Lesson 2. PracticeA group of people was asked which season they prefer.The survey results were used in problems 1 through 4.1. Out of a group of people surveyed, the ratio of people who preferred summer to winter is 3 to 7.There are 12 people who prefer summer. How many people prefer winter? _____________________2. The ratio of winter to spring is 2 to 3. What is an equivalent ratio? ______________________3. The ratio of fall to spring is 3 to 7. What percent of the group prefer spring? _______________________4. If 12 people picked summer, 18 people picked fall, 28 picked winter and 42 picked spring,what is the ratio of summer to the total group? ____________________Blaire found three recipes for iced tea:A: 2 cups concentrate and 3 cups waterB: 1 cup concentrate and 2 cups waterC: 3 cups concentrate and 4 cups water5. Which recipe will be the most watery? Explain.Write mathematical comparison statements about numbersof endangered species found in the United States.6. One statement using ratiosEndangered SpeciesUSAnimals 262Plants 378Total 6407. One statement using percents8. One statement using fractions

18Lesson 3. IntroComparing and Scaling RatesThe following examples illustrate situations involving another strategy to compare numbers.What two quantities are being compared in the rate statements?My mom’s car gets 45 miles per gallon on theexpressway.We need two sandwiches for each person atthe picnic.I earn $3.50 per hour baby-sitting for myneighbor.The mystery meat label says 355 calories per6-ounce serving.My brother’s top running rate is 8.5 kilometersper hour. Which one is different from the others?These are examples of rates that are called UNIT RATES. A UNIT RATE tells us how many per unit. Does the statement 440 miles traveled on 20 gallons of gas represent a unit rate? What is a related unit rate?

19Lesson 3.1Technology on SaleA. Build a rate table. Fill in prices for each type of calculator for orders of the sizes shown.Price of Calculators For SchoolsNumber Purchased1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20Fraction Price $120Scientific Price $240Graphing Price $800B. How much does it cost to buy…53 fraction calculators 27 scientific calculators 9 graphing calculatorsC. How many FRACTION calculators can a school buy if it can spend…$390 $84D. How many GRAPHING calculators can a school buy if it can spend…$2,500 $560E. What arithmetic operation do you use to find the cost per calculator?ADDITION SUBTRACTION MULTIPLICATION DIVISIONF. Write an equation for each kind of calculator to show how to find the price for any numberordered.VARIABLESFRACTION SCIENTIFIC GRAPHING

21Lesson 3.3What Does Dividing Tell You?Dario has two options for buying boxes of pasta.At CornerMarket he can buy seven boxes of pasta for $6.At SuperFoodz he can buy six boxes of pasta for $5.At CornerMarket, he divided 7 by 6 and got 1.166666667.He then divided 6 by 7 and got 0.85714286.He was confused.What do these numbers tell about the price of boxes of pasta at CornerMarket?Which store offers the better deal?Lesson 3.3Two Different RatesUse division to find unit rates to solve the following questions. Label each unit rate.A. SuperFoodz has oranges on sale at 10 for $2.1. What is the cost per orange?2. How many oranges can you buy for $1?3. What division did you perform in each case?#1 #2How did you decide what each division means?4. Complete this rate table to show what you know.Cost of Oranges at SuperFoodzOranges10 1 20 11Cost $2.00 $1.00 $2.60

22B. Noralie used 22 gallons of gas to go 682 miles.1. What are the two unit rates that she might compute?2. Compute each unit rate and tell what it means.3. Which seems more useful to you? Why?C. It takes 100 maple trees to make 25 gallons of maple syrup.1. How many maple trees does it take for 1 gallon of syrup?2. How much syrup can you get from one maple tree?D. A 5-minute shower requires about 18 gallons of water.1. How much water per minute does a shower take?2. How long does a shower last if you use only 1 gallon of water?E. At the CornerMarket grocery store, you can buy eight cans of tomatoes for $9.The cans are the same size as those at CannedStuff, which sells six cans for $5.1. Are the tomatoes at CornerMarket a better buy than the tomatoes at CannedStuff?2. What comparison strategies did you use to choose between CornerMarket and CannedStuff tomatoes? Why?

23Lesson 3. Math ReflectionMathematical ReflectionsThe Picked Today fruit stand sells three green peppers for $1.50.1A. Describe the process for finding a unit rate for the peppers.1B. Find two different unit rates to express the relationship between peppers and price.1C. Fresh Veggie sells green peppers at five for $2.25. Compare Picked Today pepper prices with Fresh Veggieprices using two different kinds of unit rates. Circle the better price.Picked TodayFresh VeggieRate 1Rate 21D. How do you decide whether the larger unit rate or the smaller unit rate is the better buy?2. Construct a rate table for green pepper prices at the two vegetable stands.3a. Write an equation to show the price for n peppers bought at Picked Today.3b. Explain how the unit rate is used in writing the equation.

24Lesson 3. PracticeFind the value that makes the ratios equal.1. 12 2. 28 3. 3 21 4. 8 4 5. 3212 ==20 56 14 2 = = 13 5 = 206. 4 to 10, 2 to ________ 7. 51 to 18, ______ to 6 8. 9:12 = 3: _______Write the unit rate for each situation.9. travel 250 miles in 5 hours 10. earn $75.20 in 8 hours11. read 80 pages in 2 hours 12. 24 points in 3 gamesFind the unit price. Then determine the better buy. SHOW YOUR WORK.13. paper: 100 sheets for $0.99 14. crackers: 15 ounces for $1.79500 sheets for $4.29 12 ounces for $1.49Josh jogs an average of 8 miles per week for three weeks.15. At this rate, how many miles will he jog in 52 weeks? SHOW YOUR WORK.Tony can type at a constant rate of 55 words per minute.16. Write an equation for the number of words W Tony can type in T minutes.17. How many words can Tony type in 20 minutes? SHOW YOUR WORK.18. If Tony has a half hour to type a 1,600-word essay, will he have time to type the entire essay? Explain.

25Proportion PracticeDid You Hear About…A B C D E FG H I J K LFind each answer. Write the word in the box containing the letter of the exercise.I . Use your calculator. Solve. Round each answer to the nearest tenth.24.7 PIECES?A 7.5 4.2 B 15 80==12 x 8 x21.8 STORIES1,840 FAINTED197.5 DROPPED19.6 THATC 6 x D 7.9 1==9.4 32 x 251,625 CAN6.7 THE116 BOX20.4 WHO127 TRASHE 12 3.14 F x 37.5==x 1 58 1001,355 PILE317 INTO235 AND3.8 TENII. Write a proportion for each situation. Solve. Round each answer to the nearestwhole number.G. Tom’s red bicycle travels 50 feet for every 3 pedal turns. How many pedal turns areneeded to travel a mile (5,280 feet)?42.7 WRITER109 A324 FROM=1,920 LIVED211.5 WROTE

26H. For a survey, a company decided to call 7 out of every 5,000 people. How many people should be called ina town of 78,000 people?=I. Gloria Trench checked her gas mileage and found that she had used 16.6 gallons of gas to travel 372miles. At this rate, how many gallons will she use to travel from San Francisco to Washington, D.C., a distance of2,850 miles?=J. A US nickel contains 3.9 grams of copper and 1.2 grams of nickel. How many kilograms of copper must becombined with 500 kilograms of nickel to make nickel coins?=K. On the stock exchange, 100 shares of Pizzazz Corp. stock are selling for $425. How many shares can bepurchased for $1,000?=L. At Paul Bunyon’s logging camp, the cook scrambled 20 eggs for every 3 loggers. How many eggs did heneed for the 288 loggers in the camp?=

27Unit ReviewThe seventh grade class council took a survey to find out which meal people preferred for their end of theyear party. Here are the results:TACOS – 14 PIZZA – 16Use this information to answer the following questions.1. Write the ratio of the number of students who preferred tacosto the number of students who preferred pizza.______ to ______2. Write an equivalent ratio. ______ to ______3. What fraction of the students prefer pizza? __________4. What percent of the students prefer tacos? _________%5. Fill in the blank. ________ more students prefer pizza than tacos.6. Circle True or false. The ratio of students who prefer pizza to students who prefer tacos is 8 to 7..7. Circle True or false. 14% of the students prefer tacos.8. Circle True or false. 14 /16 of the students prefer tacos.Compare these four mixes for apple juice.Mix W 5 cups concentrate Mix X 3 cups concentrate8 cups water 6 cups waterMix Y 6 cups concentrate Mix Z 3 cups concentrate9 cups water 5 cups waterUse the information to answer the following.9. Which mix is the most “appley”? Show and explain your work and reasons.Solve each proportion. Show your work for full credit!!10. k 14 11. 14 d 12. 3 2 .= =8 4 6 15 18 = m

28The Acme sells bottles of soda 4 for $5.13. Find two different unit rates that express the relationship between the bottles of soda and the price.Label each rate with the appropriate units.a.___________________________________c. Which unit rate makes more sense? Explain.b.___________________________________14. The Shop Rite sells bottles of soda 6 for $9. Find which place offers the better deal on the soda.Show your work and explain your reason.15. Construct a rate table for 1 - 10 bottles of soda at the Acme.# of BottlesPrice16. Write an equation to show the price, P, for the number of bottles of soda, N, bought at the Acme.17. Who has the better free throw average? Joel makes 15 out of 20 shots. Markese makes 22 out of 30 shots.Show your work and explain your reason.For each of the following, write a proportion. Then solve. Show your work.18. Mary runs 4 kilometers in 18 minutes. She plans to run in a 15 kilometer race. How long will it take her tocomplete the race?=19. A recipe requires 3 cups of flour to make 27 dinner rolls. How much flour is needed to make 9 rolls?=20. Ken’s new car can go 26 miles per gallon of gasoline. The cars gasoline tank holds 14 gallons. How farwill he be able to go on a full tank? =

29Percent ProportionsUse a proportion for each. Show your work!!1> Shauntel’s family is buying a new TV that costs$482. The sales tax rate in NJ is 7%. How much taxwill Shauntel’s family have to pay on the TV?=2> 18 out of the 45 students in a class are boys.What is the percentage of boys in the class?=3> Martha sold $900 worth of cosmetics in March.If she gets a 14% commission on her sales, how muchdid she make in March?=4> The Central High basketball team won 18 oftheir 24 games last year. What percentage of theirgames did they win?=5> If Tom answered 90% of the 20 questions onhis history test correctly, how many questions did he getright?=6> A production line making toys produced 350toys. If 14 of the toys were defective, what percentage ofthe toys were defective?=7> Dana’s bill for a dinner came to $20.00. Howmuch should she leave for a tip if the tipping rate is15%?=8> 36% of the 1500 students at La Marque areover 6 feet tall. How many students are over 6 feet tall?=9> 576 out of the 900 teachers in the PasadenaSchool District drive domestic cars. What percentage ofteachers drive domestic cars?=10> 42% of the houses in the Littleton subdivisionare two-story houses. If there are 650 homes in thatsubdivision, how many of them are two-story?=11> From the information given below, whatpercentage of the students at Ball high are seniors?Freshmen 392 Juniors 237Sophomores 307 Seniors 36412> 268 out of 670 cattle on the Lazy J ranch arebrown. What percentage of their cattle are brown?==

3013> 49% of the 300 customers at Jim’s Hamburgersordered a large drink. How many customers ordered alarge drink?=14> 5% of the 60-piece marching band at Ralls HighSchool play the tuba. How many tuba players are in theband?=15> 126 is 20% of what number?=16> 330 of the 1500 students at La Marque HighSchool own their own cars. Find the percentage of thestudent body that owns a car.=17> At a picnic, 14 people ate pizza. That was 56%of the people at the picnic. How many people were atthe picnic?=18> A package of electronic parts costs $6.75. If thesales tax is 8%, what is the amount of sales tax?=19> A book is priced at $14.50. If the sales tax is6%, what is the total cost of the book?=20> A table that is normally priced at $335 is on salefor 15% off. What is the new sale price?=21> A radio that usually sells for $75 is on sale for25% off. What is the amount of the discount?=22> Marianne bought a TV set and saved $140.25.The set was on sale for 33% off. What was the originalprice of the TV?=23> Mad Max offers a sound system on sale for 1/5 off his ordinary price of $370. Sam the Psycho is offeringthe same sound system at 25% off the ordinary price of $392. Which store offers the cheaper price, and by howmuch?==

31SELF REFLECTIONComparing and ScalingRate the learning activities in this book using this scale. Circle one.1 I consistently struggled to understand the mathematics and I’m still not sure that I know it.2 I struggled somewhat but now I understand more than I did.3 I had to work, but I feel confident that I understand now.4 I understood everything pretty easily and I feel confident that I know the mathematics in theseproblems.5 Everything came easily. I knew most of the mathematics before we did this.When making comparisons, it often requires more than just finding which number is larger or smaller. It may requireusing ratios, rates, scaling, and proportions. After studying in the mathematics in Comparing and Scaling:1. I learned these things about comparing numbers in different ways. (you can make a bulleted list)2. The mathematical ideas from this unit that I am still struggling with are the following:3. This is why I think these are difficult for me.4. My favorite activity/lesson from this unit is the following…. Explain.

325. One helpful hint about the mathematics in this unit is… (for next year’s students)What’s the big idea?How do the topics we learned in this unit fit into each of our big ideas?All math is connected. Describe how the math we learned in this unit is related toanother area of math or other subject.Math is a language of its own. What was one important term that you learnedin this unit? What does it mean?Math is everywhere. Describe how the math in this unit can be used in the realworld.