An Assessment of the Impact of Rural Non-Farm Development on ...

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<strong>Impact</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Rural</strong> <strong>Non</strong>-<strong>Farm</strong> <strong>Development</strong> on <strong>the</strong> Viability <strong>of</strong> Agriculture: Literature ReviewFigure 1.8The Current Land Division Process in OntarioSource: Ontario Ministry <strong>of</strong> Municipal Affairs and Housing. 1997. Citizen’s Guide to Severances. Queen’sPrinter, Toronto.This decision is usually made after taking into account <strong>the</strong> input andrecommendations <strong>of</strong> a planner and o<strong>the</strong>r key agencies. The recommendations anddecisions are based on <strong>the</strong> conformity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> severance application to a series <strong>of</strong> policy.In most municipalities <strong>the</strong>re is a local plan that sets out severance policies in agriculturalland. The local policy must be in conformity with a county/regional plan and must haveregard for <strong>the</strong> Provincial Policy Statement. The policy that is developed at each levelplays a significant part in influencing <strong>the</strong> number, type, and distribution <strong>of</strong> rural non-farmand farm-related development in Ontario’s agricultural land.1.7.3 Planning for Agriculture in Ontario Throughout <strong>the</strong> 1990sCurrently, Ontario does not have legislation specifically designed to protectfarmland. <strong>Farm</strong>land preservation is primarily a function <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> land-use planning- 29 -
<strong>Impact</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Rural</strong> <strong>Non</strong>-<strong>Farm</strong> <strong>Development</strong> on <strong>the</strong> Viability <strong>of</strong> Agriculture: Literature Reviewprocess and in a legal sense is governed by <strong>the</strong> Planning Act (Agricultural OdysseyGroup, 2002).Between 1990 and 2000, <strong>the</strong>re have been four different provincialpolicies which have directed <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> new lots in agricultural land. These fourinclude: <strong>the</strong> Foodland Guidelines; <strong>the</strong> Growth and Settlement Policy Guidelines; <strong>the</strong>Comprehensive Provincial Policy Statement; and most recently <strong>the</strong> Provincial PolicyStatement.Foodland Guidelines (1978-1994)The Foodland Guidelines were in place from 1978 to 1994. The FoodlandGuidelines were widely reflected in County and Regional Official Plans. They helpeddecision makers and landowners identify prime agricultural areas and make decisionson permitted uses, land severances, and policies dealing with <strong>the</strong> conversion <strong>of</strong>agricultural land to non-agricultural uses.The purpose <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se guidelines was to preserve farmland, especially land withhigh agricultural capability, or specialized soil and climate combinations. It was felt thatby curtailing non-farm related severances, land-use conflicts and impacts would bereduced (Troughton, 1981).Under <strong>the</strong> Foodland Guidelines agricultural land in CLIClasses (1-4), as well as specialty croplands, were deemed to be prime agriculturallands and <strong>the</strong>refore protected from non-farming uses.<strong>An</strong>o<strong>the</strong>r feature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Foodland Guidelines is that <strong>the</strong>y recognized farm-relatedresidential lot creation for bona-fide retiring farmers, hired help, or son/daughterinvolved in <strong>the</strong> farming operation, and surplus housing that resulted from farmconsolidations (Penfold, 1990). The Foodland Guidelines also incorporated <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong>- 30 -
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