Design and Implementation of a Digital Parking Lot Management ...

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the Technology Interface Journal/Fall 2009Li and Rangaproject, the RFID technology has been used to maximize parking utilization. The RFID kit includesRFID windshield tags and RFID readers. The RFID reader is connected to a microcontroller in thecontrol office where the system is connected to the Internet. As shown in Figure 1, where a car withenabled RFID windshield tag drives up to the gate, the RFID reader will automatically read theinformation from tag through the built in antenna. The received information will be delivered to themicrocontroller where the information will be verified. If the received information matches theinformation in the database, the control office will send a command to open the barrier. The number ofcars in the parking lot and the number of available spaces will be updated online immediately so thatremote user can get the correct parking information.This parking lot management system enables user to operate an unattended parking barrier withcontrolled parking access privileges. The system is ideal for apartments and condos, gated communities,business parking lots and garages, university parking areas and recreation operations from hotel to RVcamps.Figure 1: Parking lot management system [1]Volume 10 No. 1 ISSN# 1523-9926http://technologyinterface.nmsu.edu/Fall09/
the Technology Interface Journal/Fall 2009Li and RangaII. BackgroundIntroduction to RFIDRFID is a technology that incorporates the use of electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the radiofrequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object, animal, or a person.The main advantage of using RFID is that it does not require direct contact or line-of-sight scanning.Figure 2 shows the basic infrastructure of an RFID system. The simplest RFID system has three majorcomponents:• An RFID tag – transponder.• An RFID reader – transceiver.• A predefined protocol for the information transferred.Figure 2: Basic infrastructure of RFID systemAn antenna is connected to the RFID reader to communicate with the transponders. It sends out theelectromagnetic field in a short range. The RFID tag is activated when it passes through a radiofrequency field and sends out the programmed response. The RFID tag has a small computer chip that isprogrammed with the information that uniquely identifies the tag. The RFID tag can be passive oractive. A passive RFID tag does not contain its own power source; rather, it absorbs energy propagatedfrom a RFID reader’s antenna to supply all the power it needs to wake up its chip and communicate withthe RFID reader. Unlike passive RFID tag, an active RFID tag has built with a battery inside it toenergize the tag. Because active RFID tag uses an internal battery, its signal strength is a lot higher thanpassive tag and therefore can be read from a further distance.RFID readers are the electronic components that transmit and/or receive the RF waves used tocommunicate with the tags. The primary components of the reader are an antenna, IC board, andmemory [2].The applications of RFID are ubiquitous. It can be used for inventory tracking, animal tracking,transportation payments, employee identification, newly born infant identification, and industrialVolume 10 No. 1 ISSN# 1523-9926http://technologyinterface.nmsu.edu/Fall09/
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