First Results (Hopefully) from Medipix on the ISS - Wrmiss.org

The REM SDTO<strong>First</strong> Use of <strong>Medipix</strong> in Space forDosimetry and Space RadiationMeasurementsL. S. Pinsky,* J. Idarraga-Munoz, M. Kroupa, H. Son,N. N. Stoffle, E. J. Semones, C. Amberboy, B. G. Swan,A. A. Bahadori, K. T. Lee, S. A. Wheeler, D. TurecekS.Posposil, J. Jakubek, Z. Vykydal & J. HaussWRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.1

L. S. Pinsky 1 *, C. Amberboy 4 , A. Bahadori 4 , A. Empl 1 , J. Hauss 4 , SonHoang 1 , J. Idarraga 1 , J. Jakubek 2 , H. Kitamura 3 , M. Kroupa 1 , K.Lee 4 , S. Pospisil 2 , E. Semones 4 , N. Stoffle 1 , B.G. Swan 4 , D. Turecek 2 , Y.Uchihori 3 , Z. Vykydal 2 & Scott Wheeler 41University of Houston, USA. 2 Institute of Experimental and AppliedPhysics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic.3National Institute for Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.4@NASA/JSC, USAWith Support From:Last yearinPrague…Michael Campbell,(<strong>Medipix</strong>CollaborationSpokesperson)&Ian McGill &Allan Honma,(CERN Bonding Lab)WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.3

The <strong>Medipix</strong>2 Consortium—CERN-BasedInstitut de Fisca d'Altes Energies, Barcelona, SpainUniversity of Cagliari and INFN Section thereof, ItalyCEA, Paris, FranceCERN, Geneva, Switzerland,Universitat Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,University of Glasgow, ScotlandUniversita' di Napoli and INFN Section thereof, ItalyNIKHEF, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsUniversity of Pisa and INFN Section thereof, ItalyUniversity of Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand, France,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge EnglandMitthogskolan, Sundsvall, Sweden,Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech RepublicESRF, Grenoble, FranceAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, PragueUniversität Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, GermanyUniversity of California-SSL, Berkeley, USAUniversity of Houston, Houston, Texas USAWRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.4

TimePix Version Logic Schematic• Charge sensitive Preamp/Shaper w/ individual leakage current compensation• Discriminator with globally adjustable thresholds & individual 4-bit fine tuning offset• Individually settable test and mask bits for each pixel• External shutter gates the clock (can be as short as 10 ns but 1 s is the practical limit)• 14-bit output register (11,810 decimal)• 1 Overflow bit• Each pixel can have its modeset independentlyWRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.8

Time-Over-Threshold (“ADC”) Mode(P0=1,P1=0)33 50 122Ke - 4Ke - 2Ke - “Shutter” WindowDiscriminator OutputAnalog SignalsClock Out10MHzThreshold100MHzWRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.9

TimePix Threshold CalibrationCalibrates the 4-bit (16 level) Threshold Offsets for eachpixel. The RED histogram is the distribution of noise turn-onpoints with all bits set to high. The BLUE histogram is thecorresponding low setting. The BLACK histogram is thecorrected result. Each channel is ~20 e - …WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.10

TimePix and its TOT modeCounter in each pixel can be used asTimer to measure detection time => TOF experiments, TPC detectors, …Wilkinson type ADC to measure energy of each particle detected.TOTCalibrationcurveIf the pulse shape is triangular then Time overThreshold is proportional to collected charge i.e. toenergy.Due to limited bandwidth the pulse can be NEVERperfectly triangular.EnergyNon-linear TOT to energy dependenceEnergyThresholdWRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.TimeJan Jakůbek11

Development of Flight Hardware &Software for NASA @ IEAP, CERN & UHIEAP• Designed USB Lite Interface…• Calibrated Flight Units…• Provided the Core FlightSoftware…CERN• <strong>Medipix</strong>2 CollaborationProvided Timepix DetectorAssemblies…• CERN Bond-Lab attached theDetector Assemblies to USBBoards.UH• Managed Overall Project…• Develop Analysis Software andFlight Software Algorithms…• Conformal Coating…Stackable ConnectorsWRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.12

Radiation Environment Monitor(“REM”)NASA ISS SDTO Flight Hardware!WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.13

Each USB Interface Can Support Up To4 Detectors, Enabling StacksWRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.14

800 MeV/A Si 85 degree TracksThe tracks are <strong>from</strong>particles divingdownward <strong>from</strong> left toright.As they pass thoughthe solder-bumps andinto the underlying chipafter leaving the Sidetector layer.Some of the highenergy -rays <strong>from</strong> thechip enter the overlyingdetector layer…15WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.

“Film-Badge” Equivalent Dosimetry100 sec @ 11,000 m in a777 over the Bering Sea1000 Sec in my officein HoustonThis in flight Dose Rate is 50 to 100 times that in my office…WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.16

20Ne @ 600 MeV/A & 15° w/ IKRUM =5• Note that even at anIKRUM of 5 there are“Ghost” tracks…• Note also that the“Normal” Tracks ALLhave clearly visible -rays…• Also the asymmetryof the cluster isclearly pronounced at15 degrees <strong>from</strong>normal incidence…WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.17

20Ne at 600 MeV/A Drift ImageWRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.18

Determining the Projected Track LengthIn order to determine theLET that a particle had <strong>from</strong>its track image, we need toestimate the projected tracklength. We know thethickness of the sensor andwe can measure the energyloss by summing the pixels inthe cluster…The method chose forreal-time processing is to doa selective subtraction ofpixels to determine the “core”length and “skirt” width. Anempirically-based algorithmhas bee developed using awide variety of beams andenergies at the HIMAC facilityin Japan.WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.19

Real-Time Angular ResolutionThe algorithm described on the previous slide has a reasonableresolution for angles above 15° with a 300m thick sensor asThicker sensors (500 m to 1 mm) have good angularresolutions down to < 5°, and the error introduced to the LETestimate are still dominated by the Landau fluctuations. Thefigures below are for 160 MeV/A He with 1 mm sensors…For ground-based analysis a global cluster-fitting routine isunder development and offers even better resolution…30° 60° 75°WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.20

f,#" *%T#+*%H$L' ,)+D"HB+' " #F4#$$%N +D %AB$%I0K%)/ %:,#LB*21:#L*%7k%J%SO

fTH%0*(F/ L%9)+D%pcT#%N +D %AB$%I0K%)/ %:,#LB*22:#L*%=j %J%SO

Simulating an SAA Pass with theFlight Units @ HIMACFive Flight Units were translated laterally through thebeam while running the Flight Software. The displayabove contains the Flight interface for each unit.WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.23

Flight SoftwareDaniel Turecek,IEAP…with routinessupplied by UHGraduateStudents: NicStoffle (Physics)and Son MinhHoang (ComputerScience)…Automatic frame integration time adjustment…Cluster-Finder…Track-Projection length estimator (needed to Calculate LET)…LET Calculator…Robust SEE and SEU recovery capability…Daily raw data downloads…Accessible input parameter file…WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.24

Ground-Based SoftwareTo be ROOT-BasedInitial versions areoperational, but needconcatenation…General Data &Software Repositoryat UH…CERN/LHC-basedAnalysis Procedure• Raw => DST => AOD• Standard Routines toproduce DST and“Filters” to AODs…WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.Standard RoutinesCluster FinderCluster Dis-AmbiguityCluster Angle FinderCluster Energy TotalCluster -RayEvaluationLET DeterminationQ-Factor EstimatorDose EndpointEstimators…25

…AND, This is Where They Are NOW!WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.26

Progress 48 Being AssembledWRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.27

Progress 48 On the Launch Padin BaikonurWRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.28

Progress 48 Liftoff…August 2, 2012WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.29

…And, Same Day Arrival at the ISS(August 2)WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.30

Long Term Goals for <strong>Medipix</strong> in SpaceWe plan to use the SDTO to obtain experience withthe current Timepix technology in space…• Both with the current USB interface where power andconnectivity are available…• And, a stand-alone, battery-powered, wireless version in orderto influence the design of a low-power (probably dedicated)<strong>Medipix</strong>3-based device……With the ultimate goal of having several types of<strong>Medipix</strong>-based devices with both charged particleand neutron capability deployed operationally…• A stand-alone battery-powered, wireless personal dosimeterwith local readout, and alarm capability, along with a ~30-daybattery life and the size of a typical current smart-phone.• In-suit EVA radiation monitors coupled to existing spacesuitbuilt-in power and data interfaces.• Wireless & wired area monitors for use in spacecraft andPlanetary and Lunar habitats…WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.31

Thank You for Your AttentionWRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.32

AESCrew SystemsProject:Ongoing Development Projects:NASA Advanced Exploration SystemsRadiation Protection:This project isdeveloping radiationshielding, radiationanalysis tools, andadvanced dosimetrysensors to protectthe crew against theharmful effects ofspace radiation.WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.Approval to fly on ETF-1 has beenobtained and 2 Timepix units areplanned to fly inside the <strong>First</strong> TestFlight of the new US Manned OrionModule33

EFT-1WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.34

…AND in Habitats…Bigelow Aerospace, a USPrivate Company isplanning to deploy an“Inflatable” Habitat Moduleattached to the ISS, andNASA will evaluate itssuitability for long termspace and surface habitattechnology… Currentplans are to do radiationmeasurements existing<strong>Medipix</strong> technology(Laptops and USBinterfaces)WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.35

LUCID – Langton Ultimate Cosmic ray Intensity DetectorTimePix’s <strong>First</strong> Space Mission—Educational Outreach(UK Satellite “TechDemo-1” to be Launched Q1—2013)Velocity5 TimePix Detectors (0.7 mm Al dome)Sun-Synchronous Polar Orbit (98° @11:00)Programmable Signal Processor foron-orbit data analysis…WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.Down36

Educational Outreach• PI is Becky Parker <strong>from</strong> theLangton School inCanterbury, UK.• Data will be available inDaily downloads to HighSchool groups worldwidevia the Web…• Online analysis tools willbe provided…• Correlations with surfaceCosmic Ray Detectorsdeployed in schoolsworldwide is possible…CERN@School• TimePix kits are beingprovided for laboratoryuse.WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.LUCID37

LUCID is Planned to be Launchedby an Indian Launch VehicleThe orbit will beSun-Synchronous(at 11:00) with a600 Km circularorbit at 98°.This will allow it tosample both theinner and outertrapped radiationbelts.WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.38

NASA ISS Detailed Test Objective(SDTO) StatusA special version of Pixelman(PixelmanISS) has been uploaded tothe 21 ISS (Lenovo) Laptops…(Thanks to Daniel Turecek)5 “Flight Units” have been transferredto Biakonur (Kazakhstan), and arewaiting there for a (scheduled) July 31Launch on the Progress-48 SupplyVehicle to the ISS.Within a few weeks, first one, then allfive units will be plugged into 5separate laptops and plans are toacquire data for 2-3 weeks.All raw frame data will be downloadedseveral times each day for analysis onthe groundWRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.39

SummaryThe NASA Project hasmorphed into severalseparate projects…NASA is leaning towardsusing a dedicateddesign(s)…They are ready to beginacquiring detectors <strong>from</strong>the licensees as soon asthey are able to supplythem reliably…It appears that thicker Sisensors are preferable…WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.40

Offline (Ground-Based) Analysis Software ToBe Available my mid-July (John Idarraga)ROOT-Based…• Maintained by CERN…• Free for Researchapplications…• Designed to handlemassive data sets…• Uses “C” as the scriptinglanguage (allows scriptsto be compiled for fasteranalysis execution!)• Runs on all platforms…<strong>Hopefully</strong> will incorporateall existing routines andplug-ins <strong>from</strong> current IEAP“Pixelman” software…Can also be used as a DAQsoftware…WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.41

TimePix ModesTime-Over-Threshold (TOT) >>> “ADC” Mode• During Shutter Open, Counter Clock pulses are added toOutput Register while shaped input pulse exceedsThreshold value.TimePix >>> “TDC” Mode• During Shutter Open, Counter Clock pulses are added toOutput Register starting when shaped input pulse firstexceeds Threshold value.<strong>Medipix</strong> >>> “Hit” Counter Mode• While the Shutter is Open, the Output Register isIncremented every time the shaped input pulse leadingedge crosses the Threshold value.WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.42

Timepix (“TDC”) Mode(P0=1,P1=1)openclose“Shutter”17Clock Start164StopDiscriminator OutputAnalog Signals10MHz100MHzWRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.43

Calibration Curves& Functional Formf( x)ax bc( xt)dMeaning of parameters:a,b – linear regression in high energy rangec,d – curvature (extent and symmetry)t – thresholdParameters computedUsing global calibrationdata:a=0.158b=4.65c=2.4d=1t=4.86WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.Jan Jakůbek44

A USB based <strong>Medipix</strong>2 Readout System Is AvailableExisting USB-1 compatibleDeveloped by S. Pospisil et al.CTU, Prague…USB-2 Version-Hardware IS Ready( and waiting for the software…)WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.45

CreditsFunding- SRAG (& Wyle) @ NASA/JSC…Timepix Design—<strong>Medipix</strong> CollaborationTimepix Fabrication—IBMDetector Layer Fabrication--CanberraWire-bonding—CERN Bonding LabUSB-Lite interface Design and Development—IEAP, Czech Technical University in PragueUSB-Lite Layout and Fabrication—Ales BurianFlight Software—IEAP, Czech TechnicalUniversity in Prague & UHHeavy Ion Beam Testing—HIMAC @ NIRSCoordination NASA JSC…WRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.46

ATLAS Area Neutron MonitorsDetector Configuration<strong>Medipix</strong>2 ASIC with 300µm Sisensor + USB interfaceNeutron conversion structures:1)LiF+50µm Al foil area2)100µm Al foil area3)PE area4)PE+50µm Al foil area5)Uncovered areaX-ray image of conversion layersLiFPEPE + AlAlUncoveredWRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.47

Neutron efficiency calibration(see also poster 3.2.4 of Dominic Greiffenberg)Calibrated efficiency:Thermal: 1.41E-2 ± 7.11E-4 cm -2 s -1252Cf: 1.19E-3 ± 1.89E-5 cm -2 s -1AmBe: 2.86E-3 ± 5.46E-5 cm -2 s -1LiFX-ray image of conversion layersPEThermal neutrons – 500s, 25meVVDG: 7.23E-3 ± 5.81E-4 cm -2 s -1 48PE / PE+Al cluster count ratio:252Cf: 10.70 ± 0.04AmBe: 5.18 ± 0.03VDG: 2.51 ± 0.03AlUncoveredPE + Al252Cf – 2000s, 2MeV (mean)AmBe – 2000s, 4MeV (mean)Van de Graaff – 1000s, 14MeVWRMISS – 2012 Austin, TexasPinsky – September 5, 2012.