cryopreservation of tropical and subtropical fruits - ENVIS Centre on ...
cryopreservation of tropical and subtropical fruits - ENVIS Centre on ...
cryopreservation of tropical and subtropical fruits - ENVIS Centre on ...
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<str<strong>on</strong>g>ENVIS</str<strong>on</strong>g> Bulletin Vol9(1) : Himalayan Ecologycallus survived storage at both 10 <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> 13 0 C for 360 days when silic<strong>on</strong>e was added to the medium.Finkle et al. (1979) <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Ulrich et al. (1979) have investigated the possibility <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> freeze c<strong>on</strong>servati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> a<str<strong>on</strong>g>tropical</str<strong>on</strong>g> palm tree, date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Tisserat et al. (1985) reported that cryopreserved pollen <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>date palm or Deglet Noor dusted <strong>on</strong> freshly opened spathes <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 10 years old Deglet Noor. Fruit yield <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g>developments were similar in both frozen <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> n<strong>on</strong>-frozen pollen. Bagniol et al. (1992) suggested that for<str<strong>on</strong>g>cryopreservati<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> date palm, gradients may be exhibited both for outflow <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> water <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> the penetrati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> thecryoprotectants. MyCock et al. (1997) reported late globular/early tarpedo stage date palm (Phoenix dactylifera)embryos can c<strong>on</strong>tinue normal growth <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> development after <str<strong>on</strong>g>cryopreservati<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> provided they are pretreated with acryoprotectant mixture <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> glycerol <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> sucrose <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> then dried to water c<strong>on</strong>tents in the range <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 0.4 - 0.7 g/g. Mater(1987) reported callus <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> date palm was treated with a cryoprotective mixture <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> PEG, glucose <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> DMSO <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g>frozen to -25 0 C for 4 m<strong>on</strong>ths. Freezing did not affect the potential <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> the callus for embryogenesis although growthduring the first 2 m<strong>on</strong>ths <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> culture was inhibited.Yakuwa <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Oka (1988) reported that either prefreezing <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> intact vegetative bud <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> mulberry at -10 0 C or20 0 C followed by rapid thawing at 37 0 C or prefreezing at -20 0 C or 30 0 C followed by slow thawing at 0 0 C gave highpercentage <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> survival. Embry<strong>on</strong>ic axes <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> l<strong>on</strong>ger seeds with moisture c<strong>on</strong>tent <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 18% survived after 24 h in liquidnitrogen (Fu et al., 1993). Fukai et al. (1994) reported shoot tips <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Parsimm<strong>on</strong> (Diospyros kaki) prec<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>ed <strong>on</strong>medium c<strong>on</strong>taining 15 g sucrose/liter <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> stored at 10 0 C. Shoot explants survived for 30 weeks at 10 0 C.REFERENCESBangniol, S., Engelmann, F. <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Michaux, F.N. 1992. Histo-cytological study <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> apices from in vitro plantlets <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) during a <str<strong>on</strong>g>cryopreservati<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> process. Cryoletters. 13 (6): 405-412.Bens<strong>on</strong>, E.E., Lynch, P.T. <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Stacey, G.N. 1998. Advances in plant <str<strong>on</strong>g>cryopreservati<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> technology: currentapplicati<strong>on</strong> in crop plant biotechnology. Ag-Biotechnology News <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Informati<strong>on</strong>. 10(5): 133-141.Bhat, S.R., Bhat, K.H. <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Ch<str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g>el, K.P.S. 1994. Studies <strong>on</strong> germinati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>cryopreservati<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Musa balbisianaseed. Seed Science <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Technology. 22(3): 637-640.Engelmann, F., Dambier, D. <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Ollitrault, P. 1994. Cryopreservati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> cell suspensi<strong>on</strong>s <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> embryogenic calluses<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> citrus using a simplified freezing process. Cryoletters. 15(1): 53-58.Finkle, B.J., Ulrich, J.M., Rains, D.W., Tisserat, B.B. <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Schaefer, G.W. 1979. Survival <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> alfalfa, Medicagosativa, rice Oryza sativa <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> date palm Phoenix dactylifera, callus after liquid nitrogen freezing.Cryobiology. 16: 583.Fu, J.R., Xia, Q.H. <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Tang, L.F. 1993. Effects <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> desiccati<strong>on</strong> <strong>on</strong> excised embry<strong>on</strong>ic axes <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> three recalcitrant seeds<str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> studies <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>cryopreservati<strong>on</strong></str<strong>on</strong>g>.Seed Science <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Technology. 21(1): 85-95.Fukui, H., Ohba, H. <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Nakamura, M. 1994. Low temperature storage <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> in vitro shoots <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Japanese persimm<strong>on</strong>(Diospyros kaki). Proc. Internati<strong>on</strong>al Plant Propagators Society. 44 : 245-248.Ganeshan, S. 1985. Cryogenic preservati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Irape (Vitis vinifera L.) pollen. Vitis 24(3) : 169-173.Ganeshan, S. <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Alex<str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g>er, M.P. 1991. Cryogenic preservati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> lem<strong>on</strong> (Citrus lim<strong>on</strong> Burm.) pollen.Gartenbauwissenschaft. 56(5) : 228-230.Glazy, R. 1969. Recherches sur la croissance de Vitis rupestris scheele sain et court noue cultive in vitro adifferentes temperatures. Ann. Phytopathol. 1 : 49-166.Marin, M.L. <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Duran, V.N. 1988. Survival <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> somatic embryos <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> recovery <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> plants <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> sweet orange (Citrussinensis (L.) Osb.) after immersi<strong>on</strong> in liquid nitrogen. Plant Cell, Tissue <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Organ Culture. 14(1) : 51-57.Marin, M.L. <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Duran, Villa N. 1994. Cryopreservati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> somatic embryos <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Washingt<strong>on</strong> Navel Sweet Orange.7th Internati<strong>on</strong>al Citrus C<strong>on</strong>gress, Acireale, Italy. 313-317.Marin, M.L., Gogorcena, Y., Ortiz, J. <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Duran, V.N. 1993. Recovery <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> whole plants <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> sweet orange fromsomatic embryos subjected to freezing thawing treatments. Plant Cell Tissue <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Organ Culture. 34(1) : 27-33.Mater, A.A. 1987. Producti<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> cryogenic freezing <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> date palm germplasm <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> regenerati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> plantlets fromfrozen material. Iraqi Journal <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Agricultural Sciences `ZANCO' 5 (supplement) : 35-49.Moriguchi, T., Kozaki, I., Matsuta, N. <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Yamaki, S. 1988. Plant regenerati<strong>on</strong> from grape callus stored under acombinati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> low temperature <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> silic<strong>on</strong>e treatment. Plant Cell, Tissue <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Organ Culture. 15(1) : 67-71.MyCock, D.J., Berjak, P., Pammenter, N.W., Vertucci, C.W., Ellis, R.H., Black, M., Murdoch, A.J. <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> H<strong>on</strong>g, T.D.1997. Cryopreservati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> somatic embryoids <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Phoenix dactylifera. Current Plant Science <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g>Biotechnology in Agriculture No. 30.Normah, M.N., Siti Dewi Serimala, M.N., Ellis, R.H., Black, M., Murdoch, A.J. <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> H<strong>on</strong>g, T.D. 1997.Cryopreservati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> seeds <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> embry<strong>on</strong>ic axes <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> several citrus species. Current Science <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Biotechnologyin Agriculture No.30.Oh, Sung Do, Oh, S.D., Altman, A. <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> Ziv, M. 1997. The effect <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> prefreezing treatment <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> cryoprotectants <strong>on</strong> thesurvival <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> cryopreserved somatic embryos <str<strong>on</strong>g>and</str<strong>on</strong>g> plant regenrati<strong>on</strong> in Korean native citrus species. ActaHorticulturae. No. 447 : 499-505.Panis, B. 1996. Cryopreservati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> banana (Musa spp.) germplasm. Bull. Des Seances Academic Royale des