S70The Plant CellFilatov, D., Laporte, V., Vitte, C., and Charlesworth, D. (2001). DNAdiversity <strong>in</strong> sex-l<strong>in</strong>ked and autosomal genes of the plant speciesSilene latifolia and Silene dioica. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18, 1442–1454.Filatov, D., Moneger, F., Negrutiu, I., and Charlesworth, D. (2000).Low variability <strong>in</strong> a Y-l<strong>in</strong>ked plant gene and its implications forY-chromosome evolution. Nature 404, 388–390.Fitch, M.M., Manshardt, R., Gonsalves, D., and Slightom, J.L. (1992).Virus resistant papaya derived from tissue bombarded with the coatprote<strong>in</strong> gene of papaya r<strong>in</strong>gspot virus. Bio/Technology 10, 1466–1472.Geber, M.A., Dawson, T.E., and Delph, L.F., eds (1999). Gender and<strong>Sex</strong>ual Dimorphism <strong>in</strong> Flower<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Plants</strong>. (Berl<strong>in</strong>: Spr<strong>in</strong>ger).Grabowska-Joachimiak, A., and Joachimiak, A. (2002). C-bandedkaryotypes of two Silene species with heteromorphic sex chromosomes.Genome 45, 243–252.Grant, S., Hunkirchen, B., and Saedler, H. (1994). Developmentaldifferences between male and female flowers <strong>in</strong> the dioecious plantSilene latifolia. Plant J. 6, 471–480.Graves, J., and Schmidt, M. (1992). Mammalian sex chromosomes:Design or accident? Curr. Op<strong>in</strong>. Genet. Dev. 2, 890–901.Guttman, D., and Charlesworth, D. (1998). An X-l<strong>in</strong>ked gene witha degenerate Y-l<strong>in</strong>ked homologue <strong>in</strong> a dioecious plant. Nature 393,263–266.Hardenack, S., Ye, D., Saedler, H., and Grant, S. (1994). Comparisonof MADS box gene expression <strong>in</strong> develop<strong>in</strong>g male and female flowersof the dioecious plant white campion. Plant Cell 6, 1775–1787.Hawley, R.S. (2003). The human Y chromosome: Rumors of its deathhave been greatly exaggerated. Cell 113, 825–828.Heuer, S., Hansen, S., Bant<strong>in</strong>, J., Brettschneider, R., Kranz, E., Lorz,H., and Dresselhaus, T. (2001). The maize MADS box geneZmMADS3 affects node number and spikelet development and isco-expressed with ZmMADS1 dur<strong>in</strong>g flower development, <strong>in</strong> eggcells, and early embryogenesis. Plant Physiol. 127, 33–45.Hodgk<strong>in</strong>, J. (1987). <strong>Sex</strong> determ<strong>in</strong>ation and dosage compensation <strong>in</strong>Caenorhabditis elegans: Variations on a theme. Annu. Rev. Genet. 21,133–154.Irish, E.E. (1999). Maize sex determ<strong>in</strong>ation. In <strong>Sex</strong> Determ<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>in</strong><strong>Plants</strong>, C. A<strong>in</strong>sworth, ed (Oxford, UK: BIOS Scientific Publishers), pp.183–188.Ishizaki, K., Shimizu-Ueda, Y., Okada, S., Yamamoto, M., Fujisawa,M., Yamato, K.T., Fukuzawa, H., and Ohyama, K. (2002). Multicopygenes uniquely amplified <strong>in</strong> the Y chromosome-specific repeats of theliverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Nucleic Acids Res. 30, 4675–4681.Jegalian, K., and Page, D. (1998). A proposed path by which genescommon to mammalian X and Y chromosomes evolve to become X<strong>in</strong>activated. Nature 394, 776–780.Kamachi, S., Sekimoto, H., Kondo, H., and Sakai, S. (1997). Clon<strong>in</strong>gof a cDNA for a 1-am<strong>in</strong>ocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase that isexpressed dur<strong>in</strong>g development of female flowers at the apices ofCucumis sativus L. Plant Cell Physiol. 38, 1197–1206.Kater, M.M., Franken, J., Carney, K., Colombo, L., and Angenent,G.C. (2001). <strong>Sex</strong> determ<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>in</strong> the monoecious species cucumberis conf<strong>in</strong>ed to specific floral whorls. Plant Cell 13, 481–493.Kenrick, P., and Crane, P.R. (1997). The orig<strong>in</strong> and early evolution ofplants on land. Nature 389, 33–39.Kumar, L., Abraham, A., and Sr<strong>in</strong>ivasan, V. (1945). The cytology ofCarica papaya L<strong>in</strong>n. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 15, 242–253.Lahn, B., and Page, D. (1999). Four evolutionary strata on the human Xchromosome. Science 286, 964–967.Lardon, A., Seorgiev, S., Aghmir, A., Le Merrer, G., and Negruitiu, I.(1999). <strong>Sex</strong>ual dimorphism <strong>in</strong> white campion: Complex control ofcarpel number is revealed by Y chromosome deletions. Genetics 151,1173–1185.Lebel-Hardenack, S., and Grant, S.R. (1997). Genetics of sexdeterm<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>in</strong> flower<strong>in</strong>g plants. Trends Plant Sci. 2, 130–136.Lebel-Hardenack, S., Hauser, E., Law, T., Schmidt, J., and Grant, S.(2002). Mapp<strong>in</strong>g of sex determ<strong>in</strong>ation loci on the white campion(Silene latifolia) Y chromosome us<strong>in</strong>g amplified fragment lengthpolymorphism. Genetics 160, 717–725.Lorbeer, G. (1934). Die Zytologie der Lebermoose mit besondererBerucksicht<strong>in</strong>gung allgeme<strong>in</strong>er Chromosomenfragen. Jahrb. Wiss.Bot. 80, 567–817.Matsunaga, S., and Kawano, S. (2001). <strong>Sex</strong> determ<strong>in</strong>ation by sexchromosomes <strong>in</strong> dioecious plants. Plant Biol. 3, 481–488.Matsunaga, S., Kawano, S., Takano, H., Uchida, H., Sakai, A.,and Kuroiwa, T. (1996). Isolation and developmental expression ofmale reproductive organ-specific genes <strong>in</strong> a dioecious campion,Melandrium album (Silene latifolia). Plant J. 10, 679–698.Moore, R.C., Kozyreva, O., Lebel-Hardenack, S., Siroky, J., Hobza,R., Vyskot, B., and Grant, S.R. (2003). Genetic and functionalanalysis of DD44, a sex-l<strong>in</strong>ked gene from the dioecious plant Silenelatifolia, provides clues to early events <strong>in</strong> sex chromosome evolution.Genetics 163, 321–334.Naf, U. (1979). Antheridiogens and antheridial development. In TheExperimental Biology of Ferns, A.F. Dyer, ed (New York: AcademicPress), pp. 436–470.Negrutiu, I., Vyskot, B., Barbacar, N., Georgiev, S., and Moneger, F.(2001). Dioecious plants: A key to the early events of sex chromosomeevolution. Plant Physiol. 127, 1418–1424.Okada, S., et al. (2000). Construction of male and female PAC genomiclibraries suitable for identification of Y-chromosome-specific clonesfrom the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha. Plant J. 24, 421–428.Okada, S., et al. (2001). The Y chromosome <strong>in</strong> the liverwort Marchantiapolymorpha has accumulated unique repeat sequences harbor<strong>in</strong>ga male-specific gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 9454–9459.Oliver, B. (2002). Genetic control of germl<strong>in</strong>e sexual dimorphism <strong>in</strong>Drosophila. Int. Rev. Cytol. 219, 1–60.Olszewski, N., Sun, T.-p., and Gubler, F. (2002). Gibberell<strong>in</strong> signal<strong>in</strong>g:Biosynthesis, catabolism, and response pathways. Plant Cell 14(suppl.), S61–S80.Park, H.H., Ishikawa, Y., Yoshida, R., Kanno, A., and Kameya, T.(2003). Expression of AODEF, a B-functional MADS-box gene, <strong>in</strong>stamens and <strong>in</strong>ner sepals of the dioecious species Asparagusoffic<strong>in</strong>alis L. Plant Mol. Biol. 51, 867–875.Peng, J., et al. (1999). ‘‘Green revolution’’ genes encode mutantgibberell<strong>in</strong> response modulators. Nature 400, 256–261.Perl-Treves, R. (1999). Male to female conversion along the cucumbershoot: Approaches to study<strong>in</strong>g sex genes and floral development <strong>in</strong>Cucumis sativus. In <strong>Sex</strong> Determ<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>in</strong> <strong>Plants</strong>, C. A<strong>in</strong>sworth, ed(Oxford, UK: Bios Scientific Publishers), pp. 189–216.Pierce, L.K., and Werner, T.C. (1990). Review of genes and l<strong>in</strong>kagegroups <strong>in</strong> cucumber. HortScience 25, 605–615.Pryer, K.M., Schneider, H., Smith, A.R., Cranfill, R., Wolf, P.G.,Hunt, J.S., and Sipes, S.D. (2001). Horsetails and ferns are a monophyleticgroup and the closest liv<strong>in</strong>g relatives to seed plants. Nature409, 618–622.Richards, D.E., K<strong>in</strong>g, K.E., Ait-ali, T., and Harberd, N.P. (2001). Howgibberell<strong>in</strong> regulates plant growth and development: A moleculargenetic analysis of gibberell<strong>in</strong> signal<strong>in</strong>g. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol.Plant Mol. Biol. 52, 67–88.Rood, S.B., Pharis, R.P., and Major, D.J. (1980). Changes ofendogenous gibberell<strong>in</strong>-like substances with sex reversal of theapical <strong>in</strong>florescence of corn. Plant Physiol. 66, 793–796.Rozen, S., Skaletsky, H., Marszalek, J.D., M<strong>in</strong>x, P.J., Cordum, H.S.,Waterston R.H., Wilson R.K., and Page D.C. (2003). Abundant gene
<strong>Sex</strong> Determ<strong>in</strong>ationS71conversion between arms of pal<strong>in</strong>dromes <strong>in</strong> human and ape Ychromosomes. Nature 423, 873–876.Sakai, A.K., and Weller, S.G. (1999). Gender and sexual dimorphism <strong>in</strong>flower<strong>in</strong>g plants: A review of term<strong>in</strong>ology, biogeographic patterns,ecological correlates and phylogenetic approaches. In Gender and<strong>Sex</strong>ual Dimorphism <strong>in</strong> Flower<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Plants</strong>, M.S. Geber, T.E. Dawson,and L.F. Delph, eds (Berl<strong>in</strong>: Spr<strong>in</strong>ger), pp. 1–31.Sheppard, L.A., Brunner, A., Krutovskii, K., Rottmann, W., Sk<strong>in</strong>ner,J., Vollmer, S., and Strauss, S.H. (2000). A DEFICIENS homolog fromthe dioecious tree black cottonwood is expressed <strong>in</strong> female and malefloral meristems of the two-whorled, unisexual flowers. Plant Physiol.124, 627–640.Skaletsky, H., et al. (2003). The male-specific region of the human Ychromosome is a mosaic of discrete sequence clusters. Nature 423,825–837.Smith, G.M. (1955). Cryptogamic Botany. Vol. II. Bryophytes andPteridophytes. (New York: McGraw-Hill).Spray, C.R., Kobayashi, M., Suzuki, Y., Ph<strong>in</strong>ney, B.O., Gask<strong>in</strong>, P.,and MacMillan, J. (1996). The dwarf-1 (d1) mutant of Zea maysblocks steps <strong>in</strong> the gibberell<strong>in</strong>-biosynthetic pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. USA 93, 10515–10518.Stewart, W., and Rothwell, G. (1993). Paleobotany and the Evolution of<strong>Plants</strong>. (New York: Cambridge University Press).Storey, W.B. (1938). Segregation of sex types <strong>in</strong> solo papayaand their application to the selection of seed. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 35,83–85.Storey, W.B. (1953). Genetics of papaya. J. Hered. 44, 70–78.Stout, S.C., Clark, G.B., Archer-Evans, S., and Roux, S.J. (2003).Rapid and efficient suppression of gene expression <strong>in</strong> a s<strong>in</strong>gle-cellmodel system, Ceratopteris richardii. Plant Physiol. 131, 1165–1168.Stra<strong>in</strong>, E., Hass, B., and Banks, J. (2001). Characterization ofmutations that fem<strong>in</strong>ize gametophytes of the fern Ceratopteris.Genetics 159, 1271–1281.Sussex, I. (1966). The orig<strong>in</strong> and development of heterospory <strong>in</strong>vascular plants. In Trends <strong>in</strong> Plant Morphogenesis, E. Cutter, ed(New York: John Wiley & Sons), pp. 140–152.Takenaka, M., Yamaoka, S., Hanajiri, T., Shimizu-Ueda, Y., Yamato,K.T., Fukuzawa, H., and Ohyama, K. (2000). Direct transformationand plant regeneration of the haploid liverwort Marchantia polymorphaL. Transgenic Res. 9, 179–185.Trebitsh, T., Rudich, J., and Riov, J. (1997). Identification of a1-am<strong>in</strong>ocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase gene l<strong>in</strong>ked tothe Female (F) locus that enhances female sex expression <strong>in</strong> cucumber.Plant Physiol. 113, 987–995.Urasaki, N., Tokumoto, M., Tarora, K., Ban, Y., Kayano, T., Tanaka,H., Oku, H., Ch<strong>in</strong>en, I., and Terauchi, R. (2002). A male andhermaphrodite specific RAPD marker for papaya (Carica papaya L.).Theor. Appl. Genet. 104, 281–285.Villeneuve, A.M., and Meyer, B.J. (1990). The regulatory hierarchycontroll<strong>in</strong>g sex determ<strong>in</strong>ation and dosage compensation <strong>in</strong> Caenorhabditiselegans. Adv. Genet. 27, 117–188.Westergaard, M. (1946). Aberrant Y chromosomes and sex expression<strong>in</strong> Melandrium album. Hereditas 32, 419–443.Westergaard, M. (1958). The mechanism of sex determ<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>in</strong>dioecious flower<strong>in</strong>g plants. Adv. Genet. 9, 217–281.W<strong>in</strong>kler, R.G., and Helentjaris, T. (1995). The maize Dwarf3 geneencodes a cytochrome P450-mediated early step <strong>in</strong> gibberell<strong>in</strong>biosynthesis. Plant Cell 7, 1307–1317.Wu, H.-M., and Cheung, A.Y. (2000). Programmed cell death <strong>in</strong> plantreproduction. Plant Mol. Biol. 44, 267–281.Yamane, H. (1998). Fern antheridiogens. Int. Rev. Cytol. 184, 1–32.Yamasaki, S., Fujii, N., Matsuura, S., Mizusawa, H., and Takahashi,H. (2001). The M locus and ethylene-controlled sex determ<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>in</strong>andromonoecious cucumber plants. Plant Cell Physiol. 42, 608–619.Yampolsky, C., and Yampolsky, H. (1922). Distribution of the sexforms <strong>in</strong> the phanerogamic flora. Bibl. Genet. 3, 1–62.Y<strong>in</strong>, T., and Qu<strong>in</strong>n, J.A. (1995). Tests of a mechanistic model of onehormone regulat<strong>in</strong>g both sexes <strong>in</strong> Cucumis sativus (Cucurbitaceae).Am. J. Bot. 82, 1537–1546.Yu, D., Kotila<strong>in</strong>en, M., Pollanen, E., Mehto, M., Elomaa, P.,Helariutta, Y., Albert, V., and Teeri, T. (1999). Organ identity genesand modified patterns of flower development <strong>in</strong> Gerbera hybrida(Asteraceae). Plant J. 17, 51–62.
Change language