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01CONNECTINGSEPARATED FAMILIES:PROVIDING HOPETHROUGH CONNECTIVITY

INTRODUCTION05The Organizationsbehind the ReportThe Family Reconnection Project is a collaborativepartnership between three leading organizations:the mobile operator Zain, the technology providerEricsson, and the technology-based nonprofitorganization REFUNITE. Below is a brief descriptionof the organizations involved in producing thisreport and delivering the Family ReconnectionProject in Jordan; with South Sudan and Iraq stillin the pipeline.ZainZain is a leading telecommunications operatoracross the Middle East and Africa providingmobile voice and data services to over 44.3million active customers as of December31, 2014. Zain currently holds a commercialpresence in 8 countries: Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan,Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and South Sudan.In Lebanon, Zain Group manages ‘touch’ onbehalf of the Lebanese Government.In most of its markets, including all of thoseconcerned with this project, Zain is the marketleader in telecommunication services and isa regional leader of best practice in areasrelated to Corporate Sustainability and SocialResponsibility (CSSR).Website: www.zain.comREFUNITEREFUNITE is a non-profit organization withthe mission of reconnecting families separatedby war, conflict, natural disasters, or othercircumstances. REFUNITE was founded by twobrothers and social entrepreneurs, David andChristopher Mikkelsen. The organization hasdeveloped an online and mobile-enabled searchtool that empowers displaced people to takethe search for missing loved ones into their ownhands – through any device. More than 400,000people have registered with REFUNITE, makingit the biggest platform for separated families globally.Website: www.refunite.orgEricssonEricsson is the driving force behind the Networked Society. Established in1876, Ericsson is a world-leading provider of communications technologyand services, with offers comprising services, software and infrastructure withinInformation and Communications Technology for telecom operators and otherindustries. Today 40 percent of the world’s mobile traffic goes through Ericssonnetworks and they support customers’ networks servicing more than 2.5 billionsubscribers in more than 180 countries. Their long-term relationships with everymajor telecom operator in the world allow people, businesses and societies tofulfill their potential and create a more sustainable future.Website: www.ericsson.comThe Overall Goal and Approachof the ReportThe goal of this report is to:• Illustrate the potential of ICT to provide innovative and tangiblehumanitarian relief to people displaced by war or conflict.• Highlight the potential of technology companies and mobile operatorsto utilize their core competencies to improve the lives of those that arecurrently facing extreme hardship.• Showcase how Zain, Ericsson and REFUNITE leverage mobiletelecommunications to reconnect separated families in three of Zain’smarkets: Jordan, South Sudan and Iraq.• Highlight the importance of cross-sector partnerships to relevantstakeholders and the broader community.The Family Reconnection Project is an extension of Ericsson and REFUNITE’songoing service in Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia.

Overview of the IDPand Refugee ProblemIn recent years, the staggering rise in thenumber of refugees and IDPs around the worldhas reached levels unprecedented in the post-WWII era, exceeding 50 million people in 2013. (1)Ongoing conflict and turmoil throughout theMiddle East and Africa account significantlyfor surpassing of this tragic milestone andhas led to an extreme urgency on the part ofgovernments, non-governmental organizations(NGOs) and civil society to contribute inoffering tangible, on-the-ground assistance.Of these conflicts, the most acute has beenthe humanitarian catastrophe in Syria. Morethan 3 million Syrians have fled to neighboringTurkey, Iraq, Lebanon and Jordan. In Iraq andJordan, where Zain operates, the population ofSyrian refugees has reached more than 230,000and 620,000 in each country respectively. (2) Thesituation in Iraq itself has also resulted in a risein Iraqi IDPs and refugees. The internal conflictbetween the Islamic State (IS) and its opponentsin the country has resulted in displaced personstotaling 1.9 million. (3) Similarly in South Sudan,another of Zain’s operating countries, politicallyand ethnically motivated infighting has led to therise of IDPs in the country to 1.35 million people. (4)All too often, the challenges faced by thoseforced to flee their homes to seek safety andshelter elsewhere are daunting, and put theirlives and wellbeing at extreme risk. Some ofthese challenges and vulnerabilities generallyinclude the following:• Securing basic needs such as food, water,shelter and medicine.• Accessing education and health facilities.• Obtaining the means for basictelecommunications.• Attaining refugee status.• Obtaining necessary information; such asknowledge of one’s rights and obligations asa refugee/IDP, or obtaining the informationnecessary to attain any of the above.Such challenges and vulnerabilities arecompounded whenever the family unit hasbeen broken apart or separated as a result ofdeparture from one’s home. Family separationand its resulting consequences make up amongthe most severe aspects of the circumstancesfor IDPs and refugees. For those whose familieshave been forcibly separated, the result is often“considerable financial, psychological and socialcosts that are absorbed by individuals, familiesand communities.” (5) From a psychologicalperspective, family separation is identified byvarious studies as being the “most pervasivesource of emotional distress.” (6)This distress can potentially reach such extreme levels as to compromisethe health and wellbeing of the IDPs or refugees, often exacerbatingthe traumatic reactions of their displacement. The psychological traumamanifests itself as a feeling of powerlessness and despair, leading themto question their identity and even their desire to live. The effects canalso impact their relationships with the broader community, as feelingsof inadequacy fostered by family separation can lead people to isolatethemselves from the outside world or resort to harmful coping strategiessuch as alcoholism. (7)Those most vulnerable to the impacts of family separation are usuallywomen and children. In the case of children, family separation resultsin a disruption of the family support system, forcing children to haveto economically and socially fend for themselves. The result is a rise inchild-headed households, which are more vulnerable to exploitation,abuse, homelessness, and recruitment as child-soldiers. (8) In the case ofwomen, family separation often leaves them as the head of the remainingfamily unit, responsible for the economic wellbeing of the household. Thisis often a role for which she may be unaccustomed to or ill-prepared for.The social stigma attached to woman-led households may sometimeslead to situations of discrimination among the wider community. (9)The loss of their traditional support system could also result in thembecoming targets for abuse, or could create a situation whereby theymust resort to degrading acts in order to earn money.The Role and Potential of ICT to AssistIDPs and RefugeesStructures that support refugees and IDPs typically include aidorganizations, NGOs, UN agencies and local authorities. However,it is often the case that these bodies are under-resourced, especiallyduring emergencies or times of crisis. If utilized effectively, ICT has thepotential to play an instrumental role in helping to relieve and overcomethese circumstances, providing invaluable humanitarian assistance tothe effected marginalized communities. For example, ICT can greatlyfacilitate access to critical information. This could include information onhow best to access essential goods or services, obtain refugee status,or get in contact with relevant agencies. ICT can also greatly assist thecoordination of efforts by NGOs or other agencies that typically facelogistical difficulties. Moreover, ICT can be utilized as a means to informIDPs/refugees of accurate and up-to-date news about their areas oforigin. Access to basic health and education services can also be providedelectronically through ICT for those unable to obtain such servicesotherwise. Lastly, ICT can provide the means to reconnect separatedIDP/refugee families. Leveraging ICT with the goal of assisting displacedpersons has the possibility to: provide humanitarian relief and assistance,elevate standards of living, increase job prospects, increase access toinformation, education and health, facilitate the provision of necessarydocumentation, ensure greater safety and protection, and facilitate thetracking of essential demographic information that will assist relief efforts.Often the benefits of ICT are unknown, or competence is lacking inorder to effectively deliver the services. For this reason, Zain and Ericssondecided to engage in the public-private partnership with REFUNITEand the International Rescue Committee (IRC).Description of the Family Reconnection Project“ Everyone has the right to know where their family is.Through the partnership between Zain, Ericsson andREFUNITE, we’ll be able to inform and assist tens ofthousands of displaced people in their search for missingloved ones.”Christopher Mikkelsen – Co-Founder and Co-CEO, REFUNITEIn February 2014, Zain, Ericsson and REFUNITE officially made a commitment to launch the Family Reconnection Project,which leverages ICT to help displaced persons reconnect with their missing loved ones. Family reconnection can havesignificant implications for those that are displaced. Reconnecting displaced families facilitates their social and economicempowerment. The reparation of the family support system dramatically reduces the psychological stress associated withthe traumatic experience of displacement and improves the likelihood of finding more favorable economic undertakingsto satisfy basic needs.The Family Reconnection Project is a collaborative initiative between the three partners to provide the technology servicesnecessary to enable IDPs and refugees to reconnect with those that they have been separated from. By using the service,families can search, connect and communicate with their missing loved ones. The project’s innovative approach helps thoseseparated to locate each other using a mobile search tool, replicating REFUNITE’s success of registering more than 400,000people globally. The mobile search tool empowers individuals through its simplicity of use and through the fact that onlya low-end basic handset is needed to access the platform (a smartphone is not necessary). The intuitive use of the serviceempowers individuals to conduct the search on their own, armed with only their basic handset. The partners ensure that itis both free of charge and accessible in many languages including: Arabic, English, Swahili, Somali, French, Sudanese, andAmharic; with more languages being added continuously. Families can search for their missing loved ones through severalchannels, including:• Through SMS• Through REFUNITE’s call center.• Through Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD).• Through www.refunite.org.07

09Each partner has a critical role to play in ensuringthe success of the Family Reconnection Project.As the mobile operator, Zain is providing severalinitiatives to accelerate the registration ofIDPs and refugees into the platform, includingaccess to the REFUNITE mobile platform. Zainalso provides the accessibility needed for theproject to reach its wide customer base (thelargest customer base in each country involved)and will undertake a large-scale awarenesscampaign via SMS. Once the text messagesare sent to those living in refugee camps andrefugee prone areas and providing them withthe information necessary to register for theservice, displaced people can take the searchfor their missing loved ones into their own hands.REFUNITE manages, develops and overseesthe family reconnection platform and providesthe necessary technology and experiencenecessary to ensure its success. Ericsson, forits part as a global leader in communicationstechnology and REFUNITE’s principal partnerin connecting separated families around theworld, ensures a robust mobile platform andprovides crucial technical assistance andadvice to all parties involved.The three partners have already launched a pilot of the service in Jordanthat will be extended into a full-scale project during 2015. The launch ofthe mobile search tool, which is currently available in both Arabic andEnglish, was publicized through the launch of a large-scale SMS campaignin the Zaatari Refugee Camp, which informed families of the platform andits ease of use. The Zaatari Camp is currently Jordan’s largest refugeecamp, inhabiting more than 83,000 refugees. (10)Prior to launching the Family Reconnection Project, a preliminaryassessment mission conducted by REFUNITE in Zaatari Camp found that:• Of the 36 refugees asked, 29 were looking for family members or friends.• All interviewees had personal phones.• All interviewees stated that they trusted and were willing to use theplatform to find their missing loved ones. The stated reason for theirtrust of the service was the direct ownership of the search process bythe refugees themselves.The initial assessment highlighted the high demand for the FamilyReconnection Project and confirmed the platform’s ease of use. Laterin 2015, more awareness messages will be launched by Zain targetingthose living in Zaatari Camp as well as those in other refugee-proneareas and situations. The next phase will be to roll out the service in SouthSudan in collaboration with the IRC, followed by Iraq. Combined, the launchof the Family Reconnection Project has the potential to reach more than18 million mobile subscribers.“ For Zain it is important that we address theneeds of people who have been impactedby conflict. The Family Reconnection Projecthas demonstrated that if given the right tools,refugees can become active players in the searchfor lost family members; thus radically increasingthe possibilities for reunification.”Jennifer Suleiman – Head of Corporate Sustainability & Social Responsibility, Zain Group“ The Family Reconnection Project has the powerto transform the nature of family reconnectionfor generations to come. It is an example of howmobile technology can be a force for lastingpositive change.”Elaine Weidman-Grunewald – Vice President, Sustainability and Corporate Responsibility, Ericsson

CASE STUDYJORDAN7.9Population million (July, 2014 est.) (11)GDPNo. of SyrianRefugees inJordan$40.02billion USD(2013 est.) (12)622,000(Jan. 14, 2015 est.) (13)Refugees in JordanOf the Syrian refugees in Jordan residing inurban areas, the greatest proportion are locatedin the capital Amman. More than 70% of Syrianrefugees have lower than a high school education,and as high as 80% of those surveyed by theMigration Policy Center did not have a job. (18)Most refugees leave the camps unofficiallyto live in cities, at a rate as high as 300 peopleper day. Studies show that, of those residingin Amman, 40-50% live in “unacceptableaccommodation” and over 40% live belowthe poverty line and in dire need of assistancepackages. (19) When asked to identify thevulnerabilities of most concern to them,respondents of a survey carried out byCare Jordan ranked the following as theirgreatest concerns:1. Livelihoods, rental accommodationand food security.2. A sense of isolation and inability to engagein activities due primarily to a lack of money.3. Inability to access education, with only 40%of families able to send their children to school.4. Healthcare and an inability to access careand medication when required.5. Human rights and protection, especiallyfor those residing or working illegally.6. A lack of preparation for winter, reflectedby the fact that 82% of surveyed householdshad no heating whatsoever.7. Inconsistent and inequitable assistancefrom community based organizations. (20)In addition, the study identified vulnerabilitiesspecific to women, with most of them identifyingthe following as some of their key concerns:For Syrian refugees living within Jordaniancommunities, the growth in tensions amongJordanian citizens is also leading to increasedsafety concerns. According to surveys ofJordanians living among Syrian refugees,increases in rent prices, competition for jobs,competition for resources such as water, andovercrowding of public health and educationservices were the primary sources for tensionswithin communities. (23)The Use of ICT forRefugees in JordanThe use of mobile technology has the potentialto dramatically improve the livelihoods ofrefugees residing in Jordan and facilitate theirability to communicate with their familiesin Syria. The Syria-Sim service, launched byZain Jordan in collaboration with UNHCR inDecember of 2013, provided a communicationchannel between Syrian refugees residingin Jordan and the UNHCR hot-line, and viceversa. The service allowed for a constant lineof communication to be maintained betweenrefugees and the UNHCR, as well as reducedrates for calls to Syria. By the end of 2014,the service was able to accumulate more than31,000 subscribers.Connecting Syrian refugees in Jordan with theirfamilies back home11No. of IDPsin Jordan0With the situation in Syria continuing to deteriorate, refugees from the country continue to enterJordan, residing in both refugee camps and within urban areas of the country. The United NationsRefugee Agency (UNHCR) reports that more than 622,000 Syrian refugees reside in Jordan.The organization also reports an additional 58,000 Iraqi refugees residing in the country. (14) Lastly,there remains an estimated 2 million Palestinian refugees in the country, most of which fled (orare the descendants of those that fled) to Jordan following the Arab-Israeli war of 1967. (15) Thedistribution of Syrian refugees in Jordan is weighted heavily towards urban areas, with around 80%of them living in local urban communities (the largest proportion of which is in Amman where some20% of Syrian refugees reside). (16) Refugees living in camps are concentrated mainly in four camps:Zaatari, Marjeeb al-Fahood, Cyber City, and the newly established al-Azraq camp. (17)1. Difficulty in securing rental accommodationdue to reluctance of landlords to rent tounaccompanied women.2. Inability to work outside the home dueto family commitments or concerns aboutsafety and security.3. Concerns about offers for marriage, earlymarriage for daughters or marriage withvery low dowry.4. Negative stereotyping of Syrian womenby the wider society. (21)Groups operating within refugee campshave also noted growing concern about therise in human trafficking, child labor and earlymarriages. According to the InternationalOrganization for Migration, strains on sourcesof income have led to an increase in vulnerabilityof refugees towards these issues, leading theorganization to collaborate with several otheragencies and launch a counter-traffickingprogram in the Zaatari Camp. (22)Syria-Sim ServiceLaunched by Zain Jordan in collaboration withthe UNHCRProviding a communication channel betweenSyrian Refugees in Jordan and the UNHCRhot-line31,000Subscribers since launchin December 2013

CASE STUDYSOUTH SUDANPopulationGDP11.6(July, 2014 est.)million (24)$14.71billion USD (25)(2013 est.)ZN_SD_LD1: Dimensions: A3 - 420mm x 297mmSince December of 2013, South Sudan hasbeen mired in an internal conflict, which has leftaround one-tenth of its population displaced.What initially started as political infightingquickly spread across ethnic lines and becamea platform for people to violently express theirpolitical and socio-economic grievances. (28)This infighting resulted in the direct targetingof civilians by multiple parties in the conflict.As a result, more than 1.35 million SouthSudanese are now internally displaced withintheir country, and a further 492,000 have fledto neighboring countries. (29)Only around 95,000 South Sudanese aresheltered in UN peacekeeping mission bases,leaving more than 90% of IDPs seeking shelterelsewhere. (30) Considering the ongoing targetingof civilians in the conflict, displacement inthe country is primarily a protection concern.Protection and aid for IDPs in South Sudan hasmostly fallen on the international community,yet their shortage of resources, logisticalconstraints, vulnerability to looting andharassment, and bureaucratic hurdles havehindered their response capabilities. (31) Campshousing IDPs remain ill-equipped to deal withthe scale of the crisis.The Use of ICT forRefugees and IDPsin South SudanThe ability of ICT to directly impact thelivelihoods of the South Sudanese people ishampered by the fact that mobile penetrationdropped to 16% in 2014 and network coverageby Zain, the country’s leading provider, coversonly 45% of the population as a result of conflictand vandalism of the network infrastructure. (35)However, ICT has been used successfully in therefugee camp in Yida by Zain and the VodafoneInstant Network Program to both allow the70,000 refugees to connect with their lovedones and also to enhance the effectiveness ofaid workers operating within the camp by givingthem free air time. Based on success in similarenvironments in East Africa, it is fair to assumethat there is solid potential for mobile phonesto help reconnect IDPs with their families anddisseminate information and awareness oncritical information.Zain and Vodafone Instant Network Programsuccessfully used ICT in Yida refugee camp.13No. of Refugeesin South SudanNo. of IDPsin South Sudan249,000(26)1.35million (27)Furthermore, food packages do not adequatelyaccommodate for the nutritional needs of thepeople, leading to malnutrition, and overcrowdingof the camps is leading to a severe strain onsanitation facilities.The United Nations Office for the Coordinationof Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) estimates thatin 2015 an estimated 2.5 million people acrossSouth Sudan will face extreme food insecurity. (32)Threats to the wellbeing of IDPs are furtherexacerbated by extreme weather and theoutbreak of diseases such as cholera andmalaria. (33) Those most vulnerable are women,children and the disabled. In the case of womenand children, malnutrition remains an ongoingthreat and the disabled face hardships giventhat the camps cannot accommodate theirspecial needs. (34)The Results:70,000refugees connecting with loved onesFacilitated coordination of aid workers in camp

CASE STUDYIRAQ15Population32.6million (36) (July, 2014 est.)GDP$249.4billion USD (37)(2013 est.)No. of SyrianRefugees inIraqNo. of IDPsin Iraq233,000(38)1.9million (39)For the past several decades, Iraq has beenplagued by internal conflict stemming largelyfrom political and sectarian motivations.The most recent surge of internal violence in thecountry is predominantly attributed to the riseof IS, which was able to capitalize on instabilityin both Syria and Iraq to achieve its political andideological agenda. The gains by IS and theirrejection of the plurality of Iraqi society led toa dramatic increase in the number of IDPs withinIraq, threatening the livelihoods of millions ofIraqis and the national cohesion of the entire country.In October, 2014, OCHA estimated the IDPpopulation in Iraq to be around 1.9 million. (40)This is excluding the estimated 225,000 Syrianrefugees located in the north of the country. (41)Iraq also has substantial numbers of Palestinianand Turkish refugees in the country, with eachtotaling around 12,000 and 15,500 respectively. (42)The number of IDPs in Iraq has risensubstantially in 2014 as a result of advancesmade by IS in the country.These IDPs face a range of vulnerabilities and hardships, whichfluctuate depending on various circumstances. Generally speaking,“the overwhelming majority of IDPs left their homes in a hurry and leftassets behind, fleeing as a direct result of conflict in their neighborhoodor village.” (43) Those who fled from rural areas, such as farmers, areconsiderably more financially vulnerable than urban dwellers that aremore likely to have taken financial assets with them. Furthermore, IDPsthat fled to areas where they lack any family or friend support networksare more vulnerable, especially those that reside in collective shelters suchas schools, mosques, churches and empty buildings. Lastly, those IDPsthat were not able to enter the Kurdish Region of Iraq are significantlymore vulnerable, made even more severe by the fact that they likely hadto settle among local communities in disputed areas where strains oncrucial resources such as water and electricity continue to grow. (44)OCHA identified several growing threats to those most vulnerable.These include increases in the number of abductions of women,particularly those belonging to minority groups, leading to humantrafficking both within and outside of the country. They also note increasedtrauma, child labor, a lack of education, and sexual violence as growingthreats facing children. (45) For the most vulnerable of those mentioned,the key priorities identified are food and water. For those with marginalsavings, their most significant priority is to obtain financial support in orderto avoid a depletion of their savings in the medium to long term. For IDPsresiding among local communities, a key priority was the establishmentof safety nets to support dwindling resources and to allow services andfacilities to accommodate the influx of IDPs. (46)

CONCLUSION19While the potential of ICT, specifically mobilephones, to improve the situation of displacedpeople in Jordan, South Sudan and Iraq variesin each country, it is clear that widespreadbenefits can be attained that would allowfor substantial improvements to their overallwellbeing. One issue that is consistent acrossthe three countries is the desire by IDPs andrefugees to receive reliable and up-to-datenews and information about their areas oforigin. Also of principal importance is theobtainment of information likely to assist infamily reconnections, which is the principle aimof the Family Reconnection Project. Other keyinformational needs include: knowledge specificto the needs of displaced people (such asregistration procedures and rights of individualsas refugees) and awareness about child safetyand human trafficking. ICT can also be leveragedto provide a more consistent and effective linkbetween refugees/IDPs and various aid agenciesin order to allow for a more equitable distributionof aid assistance. Lastly, ICT is a tool that canimprove the coordination efforts of NGOs andother agencies relevant to IDPs and refugees.Developing a framework for utilizing ICT as partof a comprehensive effort to assist the plight ofIDPs and refugees can lead to significant andimmediate improvements to their welfare.The findings of the Family ReconnectionProject point to the growing potential ofICT to significantly alter the aid and assistancelandscape. The project enables displacedpeople inhabiting remote areas to foregothe need for alternative information channelssuch as radios, TV or the internet and relysolely on low-end basic handsets to obtainvital information. The uniqueness of the projectis in its ability to empower individuals to takethe search for their loved ones into their ownhands through an intuitive platform that is freelyand easily accessible. The experience of Zain,REFUNITE and Ericsson in rolling out the FamilyReconnection Project has highlighted severalimportant lessons; including the significance of:1) overcoming language barriers by localizingthe services offered, 2) working with localorganizations that are active on the ground andthat can provide key social and cultural insights,and 3) gaining the buy-in and approval of localministries and governments.It is the recommendation of those involvedin this study that greater emphasis should beplaced by governments and relief agenciesto prioritize the delivery of ICT solutions torefugees when considering their wellbeing.Providing extensive and reliable access to ICTfor displaced people not only facilitates accessto trustworthy and accurate information deemedto be essential to their safety, wellbeing andemotional conditions, but can also dramaticallyimprove their standards of living by allowingfor easier access to services such as health,education and employment. It is importantthat organizations recognize and capitalizeon the potential of a low-end mobile phone toempower individuals and overcome traditionalobstacles such as illiteracy or connectivity.The importance of a collaborative approachbetween all responsible stakeholders includingprivate organizations, NGOs, governmentagencies, and others is imperative if the impactsof humanitarian efforts are to be maximized.As Zain, Ericsson and REFUNITE continue toundertake innovative solutions to tackle thesocio-economic conditions from which IDPs andrefugees suffer, the possibility of providing a widerrange of essential services through the use of ICTwill be explored in the near future. This is part ofthe commitment of each organization to assistthose that are marginalized and improve thelives of those within their operating markets.

Contact List21Zain GroupHead Office Bldg.P.O.Box 22244,13083 Safat,Kuwait City, KuwaitTel: +96524644444Fax: +96524641111www.zain.comZain BahrainSeef District,P.O.Box 266,Manama, BahrainTel: +97336031000Fax: +97317581117www.bh.zain.comZain IraqBldg. 47, Str. 14,District 605 HayAl Mutanabi, Al MansoorBaghdad, IraqTel: + 96415410840Fax: + 96415418611www.iq.zain.comZain JordanP.O.Box 940821Amman 11194, JordanTel: +96265803000Fax: +96265828200www.jo.zain.comZain KuwaitP.O.Box 22244,13083 Safat,Kuwait City, KuwaitTel: +96524644444Fax: +96524641111www.kw.zain.comTouch Lebanontouch Bldg.Avenue Charles HelouP.O.Box 175051 Beirut,LebanonTel: +9613792000Fax: +9613792020www.touch.com.lbZain Republic of SudanArab Co.for Live StockDevelopment Bldg,Mogran, Alghaba St,P.O.Box 13588,Khartoum, SudanTel: + 249912397601Fax: + 249912397608www.sd.zain.comZain Saudi ArabiaArcade Centre,King Fahad HighwayP.O.Box 295814Riyadh 11351Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaTel: +96612161800www.sa.zain.comZain South SudanThe South SudaneseMobile Telephone(Zain) Co. LTDP.O.Box 518 Gudele,Hai-Jebel, Mundri Road,Plot No. 997, Block 9Juba, South SudanTel: + 211912320000info@ss.zain.comREFUNITEIda JengDirector of Global Communication and StrategyREFUNITEij@refunite.org+4531493193EricssonSustainability and Corporate ResponsibilityCorporate.responsibility@ericsson.com+461071900000ZN_SD_LD1: Dimensions: A3 - 420mm x 297mm

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Date of Publication: March 2015