Guidelines for the Identification and Management of Lead Exposure

gestation: period of time from conception to birth. gestational age: the age of a fetus or newborn, counting from the time of fertilization, usually measured in weeks, and calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period. gestational hypertension: a type of high blood pressure that first occurs during pregnancy. hemoglobin: a protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen. hematopoiesis: the formation or production of all types of blood cells. HUD (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development): federal agency that develops and executes policies on housing and cities. hyperuricemia: a buildup of excess uric acid (a waste product) in the blood. immigration: the one-way inward movement of individuals into a population or population area, usually to a country or region, to which one is not originally born. infant: a child in the earliest period of life (for the purposes of this document, from 0 to 6 months of age). IOM (Institute of Medicine): a nonprofit agency established in 1970 under the charter of the National Acad­emy of Sciences that provides independent, objective, evidence-based advice to policymakers, health profes­sionals, the private sector, and the public. interim controls: a set of measures designed to temporarily reduce human exposure to lead-based paint hazards. in utero: “within the uterus” (womb) where the unborn baby develops. iron deficiency: a disorder that occurs when there is not enough iron in the body, causing problems with red blood cell production, muscle function, and numerous other effects, including growth and developmental impairment. K-x-ray fluorescence: a noninvasive (outside the body) technique for the measurement of lead in bone. lactation: the period after childbirth when milk is produced and secreted from the mother’s breasts to provide nourishment to the baby. lead-based paint: paint or other surface coating that contains lead equal to or exceeding 1.0 milligram per square centimeter or 0.5 percent by weight (5,000 parts per million), as defined by 302(c) of the Lead-Poison­ing Prevention Act (42 U.S.C. 4822(c)) and TSCA section 401(9) (15 U.S.C. 2681(9)). lead-based paint hazard: any condition that causes exposure to lead from lead-contaminated dust, lead- contaminated soil, or lead-contaminated paint that is deteriorated or present in accessible surfaces, frictionsurfaces, or impact surfaces that would result in adverse human health effects as established by the appropriatefederal agency.lead-glazed ceramic pottery: ceramic ware or pottery manufactured mainly by artisans and small familybusinesses using a centuries-old tradition of low-temperature-fired lead glazes to vitrify the surface and colorthe objects, and often imported from Mexico and other countries.lead-safe: housing or building units with no lead-based paint hazards as determined by a lead risk assessmentor by dust sampling at the conclusion of lead hazard control activities.xvi