The screening of medicinal plants traditionally used to treat ...

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D3D4extracted using methanol 203Minimum inhibitory concentrations of medicinal plantsextracted using cold distilled water. '" 205Minimum inhibitory concentrations of medicinal plantsextracted using hot distilled water. 207
"If we knew what it was we were doing, it would not be calledresearch, would itT Albert Einstein.
Page 2 and 3: AbstractThis study focused on the i
Page 4 and 5: AcknowledgmentsFirst of all I thank
Page 6 and 7: 4. Chapter Four: Phytochemical scre
Page 8 and 9: 3.2 Antibacterial activity of bark,
Page 10 and 11: extracted with hot distilled water.
Page 14 and 15: 1CHAPTER ONE1. Introduction1.1 Over
Page 16: 3estimated that 80% of the populati
Page 19 and 20: 6• To do Minimum Inhibition Conce
Page 21 and 22: 8cultivation) and other disturbed h
Page 23 and 24: 10Some of the plants which were rep
Page 25 and 26: .__.,.._~~--~~-_._-----.•"._..•
Page 27 and 28: 152.3 Collected plantsPlants collec
Page 29 and 30: 17Table 2.3 Plants bought from Esho
Page 31 and 32: 18Botanical DescriptionAcacia karro
Page 33 and 34: 21Conservation statusAcacia robusta
Page 35 and 36: 23Family:Scientific name:Common nam
Page 37 and 38: 2SConservation statusAlepidea amaty
Page 41 and 42: 29Botanical DescriptionBaccharoides
Page 43 and 44: 31paste of the crushed roots is app
Page 45 and 46: 33Medicinal UsesCantharanthus roseu
Page 47 and 48: 35used topically for eczema and pou
Page 49 and 50: 37Data from ethnobotanical surveyCh
Page 53 and 54: 41Conservation statusDichrostachys
Page 59 and 60: 47dosage is a teaspoonful for child
Page 61 and 62: 49Medicinal and Spiritual UsesUppia
Page 63 and 64:
51DistributionThe plant is distribu
Page 65 and 66:
54vanillic glucose; vanillic aldehy
Page 67 and 68:
56therapeutic value of the plant ag
Page 69 and 70:
58Family:Scientific name:Common nam
Page 71 and 72:
60sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (Hutch
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62Chemical contentWood dust and roo
Page 75 and 76:
64Conservation statusStrychnos henn
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
70Conservation statusTrichilia dreg
Page 83 and 84:
72Botanical DescriptionVernonia tig
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74bark from other trees such as Mar
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76stomach aches and diarrhoea. The
Page 89 and 90:
78Diarrhoea is defined as a loose,
Page 91 and 92:
803.2 Bacteria description3.2.1 Des
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82vigorous early treatment should b
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84for as long as six weeks. Intrave
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86TreatmentMany strains of K. pneum
Page 99 and 100:
88Table 3.1 Sensitivity pattern aga
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903.5 Standard experimental procedu
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92Table 3.3 ContinuedExtract yield
Page 105 and 106:
944:2Figure 3.1 The four-way streak
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963.7 Results3.7.1 Graphs showing t
Page 109 and 110:
98Figure 3.4 Antibacterial activiti
Page 111 and 112:
100Figure 3.6 Antibacterial activit
Page 113 and 114:
102Figure 3.8 Antibacterial activit
Page 115 and 116:
104Figure 3.10 Antibacterial activi
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
J083.7.2 Graphs showing the antibac
Page 121 and 122:
I J0Figure 3.16 Antibacterial activ
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
1207.3 Graphs showing the Minimum I
Page 133 and 134:
122Figure 3.28 Minimum Inhibition C
Page 135 and 136:
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Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
1323.8 DiscussionMedicinal plants c
Page 145 and 146:
134Escherichia coli, Bacillus subti
Page 147 and 148:
136The reason for the high MIC valu
Page 149 and 150:
1384.2 Phytochemical screening assa
Page 151 and 152:
1404.3 ResultsTable 4.1 Screening o
Page 153 and 154:
142tigna (Table 4.1). Cardiac-glyco
Page 155 and 156:
144Sclerocarya birrea is commonly t
Page 157 and 158:
1465.2 Bio-autographic techniqueThi
Page 159 and 160:
148Prominentzone ofinhibition wasob
Page 161 and 162:
150•Prominentzone ofinhibition wa
Page 163 and 164:
152~='"lProminentzone ofinhibition
Page 165 and 166:
154CHAPTER SIXConclusionsThe purpos
Page 167 and 168:
156some support to traditional know
Page 169 and 170:
158Bradford, PA 2001. Extended-spec
Page 171 and 172:
160Edeoga, H.O., Okwo, D.E and Mbae
Page 173 and 174:
162Grace, a.M., Prendergast, H.D.V.
Page 175 and 176:
164Jager, A.K. 2003. Evaluation of
Page 177 and 178:
166Kulkami, M.G., Sparg, S.G and Va
Page 179 and 180:
168Massiote, G., Thepenier, P., Jac
Page 181 and 182:
170Ndhlala, AR., Kasiyamhuru, A., M
Page 183 and 184:
172Pretorius, J.C., Magama, Sand Zi
Page 185 and 186:
174Sofowora, A. 1993. Screening pla
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176Van Wyk, B.E and Smith, G. 2003.
Page 189 and 190:
178Wondimu, T., Asfaw, Z and Kelbes
Page 191 and 192:
180Plant 4:_English name:Plant 1:.P
Page 193 and 194:
182APPENDIX BAgar-well diffusion as
Page 195 and 196:
184· a+bAverage Calculation of res
Page 197 and 198:
186Table 2. (Continued)."J. '.. ...
Page 199 and 200:
188Table 3. Results of sensitivity
Page 201 and 202:
190Table 4. Results of sensitivity
Page 203 and 204:
m • ......:::=]iliiS-Wv-lty192APP
Page 205 and 206:
u""194Different plant parts: 1- Lea
Page 207 and 208:
196Escherichia coli strains - Ec U1
Page 209 and 210:
198Ss - Shigella sonnei, Sf - Shige
Page 211 and 212:
m ATtCCUCtURES200Table 4. (Continue
Page 213 and 214:
202Table 1. (Continued)Extracts and
Page 215 and 216:
204Table 2. (Continued)ATCC CULTURE
Page 217 and 218:
206Table 3. (Continued)··Extraas
Page 219:
208Table 4. (Continued)Plant specie
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