International Soil Tillage Research Organization

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PageT. Szalal, M. Blrkis, L. Radlcs and I. Dorogl (~686118, Hungary)The effects of tillage and fertilization on the yield and weed infestation ofwinter wheat, spring barley and maizeF. Tebrugge (Giessen, FR Germany)Influence of soil cultivation methods on soil structure, biology activity andyieldL. Ten Holte and H. van Keulen (Wageningen, The Netherlands)Effects of grass and legumes as a green manure crop on growth, yield andnitrogen response of sugar beetR. Tranggono (Malang, Indonesia) and S.T. Wlllatt (Victoria, Australia)The growth of maize after wetland rice in East JavaC. van On~verkerk (Haren, The Netherlands) and A.J. Koolen (Wageningen, TheNetherlands)Pedotechniqne: soil classification, soil mechanics and soil handling2. Vldenovlc' (Belgrade, Yugoslavia)Some characteristics of soil tillage for maize in the main maize growing regionsof YugoslaviaT.J. Vyn (Ontario, Canada)Crop sequence and conservation tillage effects on soil structure and maizegrowthD.E. Wllklns (Oregon, USA) and J.M. Kraft (Washington, USA)Managing crop residue and tillage pans for pea productionI.M. Young (Dundee, UK), P.A. Costlgan (Wellesbourne, UK) and C.E. Mulllns(Aberdeen, UK)Phvsical orooerties of two strncturallv sensitive soils and their effects on cron885891897903909915921927933
SECTION 4PERFORhIANCE OF TILLAGE IhlPLEhlENTS
Page 8 and 9: PageF. Juste, L. Val, C. Gracia and
Page 13 and 14: TILLAGE TOOL INFLUENCES ON INCORPOR
Page 15 and 16: the COM analysis. After the COM ana
Page 17 and 18: -0 MOLDBOARD PLOW -CHISELA SWEEP -D
Page 19 and 20: A SUBSOILER WITH PFGSURIZED SEN?IGE
Page 21 and 22: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONDRAWN SWILER
Page 23 and 24: sludge was constant regardless of t
Page 25: THE DETERMINATION OF PLOW DRAUGHT F
Page 28 and 29: draught, over a distance of 50 m, f
Page 30 and 31: Results shown in Table 3 indicate t
Page 32 and 33: KINEMATICSAny point on the rotor Ra
Page 34 and 35: passage of sowing-machine.The loose
Page 36 and 37: Fig. 3. Photographs of the sections
Page 38 and 39: on loess soils. All tillage measure
Page 40 and 41: of diameters over 30 pm, up to a ma
Page 42 and 43: can be described by means of square
Page 44 and 45: drill furrow openers. Their design
Page 46 and 47: DISCUSSIONThe average soil cone res
Page 48: Table 111. Influence of tillage sys
Page 51 and 52: gage data wurt: recorded 011 a micr
Page 53 and 54: Vertical forcemeasurementinstrument
Page 55 and 56: AN INVESTIGATION INTO ?HE PERFORMAN
Page 57 and 58: of the top 50 mn of soil has been r
Page 59 and 60: . . - ORIGINAL POSITIONFINAL POSITI
Page 61 and 62:
THE EFFECT OF STRESS DURATION ON TH
Page 63 and 64:
In Fig. 1, the mean vertical stress
Page 65 and 66:
REFERENCESBlackwell, P.S. and Soane
Page 67 and 68:
EFFECT OF SUBSOILING ON PHYSICAL PR
Page 69 and 70:
(Sl)('21)Number of readingsNumber o
Page 71:
JANIESON, J. E., 1987. The effect o
Page 74 and 75:
Consiie?ing the ebove , the objecti
Page 76 and 77:
The data of v:oi'i:i~ elementsTable
Page 78:
(mrr rerf8ao of dt'ferent mke ongle
Page 81 and 82:
wedges with top angle and lower bou
Page 83 and 84:
in higher ~iio~sture stress in 13 a
Page 85 and 86:
The compacted pan with an average b
Page 87 and 88:
epjrts the findings of a study on t
Page 89 and 90:
obtained with conventional tillage
Page 91 and 92:
This indicated that soil strength i
Page 93 and 94:
(i) The conventional system (14DT)
Page 96 and 97:
SECTION 5CONSTRAINTS AND ADVANTAGES
Page 98 and 99:
Since all forward and vertical disp
Page 100 and 101:
525Table 11. Coulter dimensions.Thi
Page 102 and 103:
SOIL DISPLACEMENT BY ROLLING COULTE
Page 104 and 105:
Plant establishmentPlant establishm
Page 106 and 107:
However, results were very variable
Page 108 and 109:
A NEW ROTARY TILLAGE IMPLEMENT FOR
Page 110 and 111:
observed, It was found that the soi
Page 112 and 113:
I.IATERIALS AND t.1ETHODSThs experi
Page 114 and 115:
DISCUSSION. .lhe above-observed det
Page 116 and 117:
Fauck, R., I~loureaux, C., and Thom
Page 118 and 119:
precipitation generally reaches 850
Page 120 and 121:
IIW - DEEP PLWGH1160 OTHLR 11LUGE5
Page 122 and 123:
TABU 3 - Crop: barley; previous cro
Page 124 and 125:
MATERIALS AND METHODSThe experiment
Page 126 and 127:
Table I: Effects of Increasing Leve
Page 129 and 130:
DIFFERENTIAL PERFORMANCE OF CASSAVA
Page 131 and 132:
The phenomenon of the furrow soil b
Page 133 and 134:
REDUCED TILLAGE AND STRA\\' INCORPO
Page 135 and 136:
and, in most cases, the reference t
Page 137 and 138:
Soil temperatures were monitored co
Page 139 and 140:
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF TILL
Page 141 and 142:
increased with depth of tillage as
Page 143:
Doss, B.D., W.I. Dunias and Z.F. Lu
Page 146 and 147:
The differences are the following:1
Page 148 and 149:
3. Crop residues and the omittabili
Page 150 and 151:
OPTIMAL SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT OF VA
Page 152 and 153:
Finally a lot of documents were giv
Page 154 and 155:
Nine different final effects on soi
Page 156 and 157:
DISCUSSION 588To give value to this
Page 158 and 159:
on Soil Survey, 1987).humid.Soil mo
Page 160 and 161:
Pasture renovationIn Atlantic Canad
Page 162 and 163:
Kunclius, H.T., Campbell, A.J., McR
Page 164 and 165:
harroruings; (Red.)-two passes of a
Page 166 and 167:
only by weed control. Total weed co
Page 169 and 170:
DEVELOPMENT AN0 EVOLUTION OF THE ZO
Page 171 and 172:
y the various tools and implements,
Page 173 and 174:
The evolution of three main tillage
Page 175 and 176:
S'IH,\U Rk.sllJL'li ?IA,XAtiEEIEN'I
Page 177 and 178:
esulted in an increase in the numbe
Page 179 and 180:
4 l e i 01' d~sease were unaf!ccted
Page 181 and 182:
THE EFFECT OF DEPTH OF srluw INCOKP
Page 183 and 184:
Straw hurlalThe proporti011 of the
Page 185 and 186:
REFERENCESAnon, 1983. Straw Survey
Page 187 and 188:
TILLAGE PRACTICES OF SUGAR CANE: EF
Page 189 and 190:
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONBy the result
Page 191 and 192:
indicates the in~portance of the us
Page 193 and 194:
625INFLUENCE OF LONG-TERM MINIMUM T
Page 195 and 196:
While phosphorus, potassium and org
Page 197 and 198:
YieldsWheat (t/ha)Year I I1 I11Corn
Page 199 and 200:
DIVERSE TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN SEblI-AR
Page 201 and 202:
followed by pulling or cutting at g
Page 203 and 204:
Average weedscore ingrowing seasonl
Page 205 and 206:
EFFECT OF THE PARAPLOW ON SOIL PROP
Page 207 and 208:
At beginning of May RED was highest
Page 209 and 210:
Dehydrogenase activity (mg Tdphenyl
Page 211 and 212:
DIRECT PLANTING OF POTATOESE. EKEBE
Page 213 and 214:
Figure I. The relationship of the d
Page 215:
y a variety of means - chemical, me
Page 218 and 219:
MATERIALS AND METHODSCatchment stud
Page 220 and 221:
that the < 0.03 mm size particles a
Page 222 and 223:
9 1 May 90mm9 IsJune 40mms 1SJune 9
Page 224 and 225:
the simple compactings caused by we
Page 226 and 227:
Picture 3TieflockerungssystemeHubsc
Page 228 and 229:
Field size(length x width)Efficienc
Page 230 and 231:
compact in the Earth gravity field
Page 232 and 233:
summer crop yields under dryfarming
Page 234 and 235:
Figure 2.Evolution of average resis
Page 236 and 237:
a soil to a depth of 38 cm disrupte
Page 238 and 239:
670TABLE I11Soil bulk density 30 da
Page 240 and 241:
Good yields also were obtained by t
Page 242 and 243:
Clay soils commonly have poor perme
Page 244 and 245:
(e>st$~u led ssuuot) Plelh ugem
Page 246 and 247:
678DISCUSSIONThe increase in soil p
Page 248 and 249:
moving over the soil surface (surfa
Page 250 and 251:
TABLE 111. Effect of cultivation on
Page 252 and 253:
DISCUSSIONConsiderable losses of ni
Page 254 and 255:
EXPERIMENTAL METHODThe site details
Page 256 and 257:
- ~ Irect drilledPloughedJanuary 19
Page 258 and 259:
esulting from infill of both cracks
Page 260 and 261:
3. Surface residues (stubble and st
Page 262 and 263:
REFERENCES- Girsldez et al., 1985.
Page 264 and 265:
Table 111. Crop yields (kg/ha 15% d
Page 266 and 267:
{xqx?~ il,:sc~ribcs soil xater and
Page 268 and 269:
'fie following conclusion can be dr
Page 270 and 271:
1Trtble 11. Cover crop residue effe
Page 272 and 273:
the 1983-85 period at the experimen
Page 274 and 275:
TABLE 11. Changes in soil bulk dens
Page 276 and 277:
differences, but there was a slight
Page 278 and 279:
30 - 60, 60 - 90 cm). The Nmin-valu
Page 280 and 281:
Table 2: Nitrogen mineralised (kg/h
Page 283 and 284:
THE WIDELY PRACTICED NEW RATIONAL T
Page 285 and 286:
In that third year the yields were
Page 287 and 288:
with constant change of direction (
Page 289 and 290:
PEDOTECHNIQUE - INVENTORY OF PREDIC
Page 291 and 292:
Fig. 2. Classic tests to characteri
Page 293 and 294:
Approximation methods, such as the
Page 295 and 296:
RESIDUE MANAGEMENT, NITROGEN, AND T
Page 297 and 298:
Table la. Effects of tillage method
Page 299:
esidue for the 1981 crop, however,
Page 302 and 303:
differeoces in soil, cropping syste
Page 304 and 305:
Table 2.Cumulative infiltration and
Page 307 and 308:
SOIL PROPERTIES OF A NORTHERN CORN
Page 309 and 310:
For the 1987 crop, year of reported
Page 311 and 312:
The relatively low infiltration for
Page 313 and 314:
745THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF T
Page 315 and 316:
position in the middle period of Wa
Page 317 and 318:
In the last of Qing Dynasty, wood o
Page 319 and 320:
THE EFFECT OF CULTIVATION ON THE GR
Page 321 and 322:
In the 0-50 mm depth zone, the disc
Page 323 and 324:
CONCLUSIONS1. There was no effect o
Page 325 and 326:
INTERACTION BETWEEN SOIL TILLAGE AN
Page 327 and 328:
Fig. 1. Relative grain yield compar
Page 329 and 330:
Fig. 5. Soil P205 - Index (1986) af
Page 331 and 332:
THE USE OF EXPERT SYSTEMS TO PROVID
Page 333 and 334:
Table 1. Maise and Soya Bean Yield
Page 335 and 336:
Im = 9 - 3100 + 1.0 and Ls = 0.4 (L
Page 337 and 338:
PERFORMANCE OF ZERO-TILLAGE IN WHEA
Page 339 and 340:
Table 11 Soil physical and chemical
Page 341 and 342:
Table IV Maize and wheat yield (Mg
Page 343 and 344:
COMPUTERIZED SELECTION OF PLANTERS
Page 345 and 346:
appropriate conservation planting m
Page 347 and 348:
LITERATURE CITEDDenniog, P. J. 1986
Page 349 and 350:
EVALUATION OF TILLAGE AND EQUIPMENT
Page 351 and 352:
Ihe technical coefficients are expr
Page 353 and 354:
Performance Parameters for Equipmen
Page 355 and 356:
SOIL PROPERTIES UNDER BUSH, MANUAL
Page 357 and 358:
Treatment Jan Feb hlar Apr hlay Jun
Page 359 and 360:
TILLAGE RESEARCH AND PLOUGHING TECH
Page 361 and 362:
There are several contributory fact
Page 363 and 364:
those techniques which "... retain
Page 365 and 366:
EFFECT OF SUBSOILING A COMPACTED CL
Page 367 and 368:
computed by mult~ply~ng N concentra
Page 370 and 371:
3 - The Increased nitrogen uptake a
Page 372 and 373:
timun replenishment and conservatio
Page 374 and 375:
-.< cPB-10.b lb1 June 87.A cultivat
Page 376 and 377:
Garcia, M., GirAldez, J.V., Gonzale
Page 378 and 379:
The physical characteristics desire
Page 380 and 381:
Sig. levelGrain yield 5.5 bu/ac 2%P
Page 382 and 383:
Tillage system and surface residue
Page 384 and 385:
EXPERIMENTAL PLANS AND SOIL TYPESA
Page 386 and 387:
As an average of all locations ther
Page 388 and 389:
ovol. % pores > 30- ploughing-- - .
Page 390 and 391:
Until about 1980, the standard till
Page 392 and 393:
Table I: Comparison of seed cotton
Page 394 and 395:
emoval, different placement depths
Page 396 and 397:
The objectives of these field studi
Page 398 and 399:
with no differences in yield due to
Page 400 and 401:
~REFERENCESAdams. F.. ~, 1984.-~- -
Page 402 and 403:
Table ICultural practices for each
Page 404 and 405:
Soil bulk density reflected tillage
Page 406 and 407:
OD:
Page 408 and 409:
Fig.1. Monthly averages of air temp
Page 410 and 411:
treatment A, which recorded its hig
Page 412 and 413:
ly due to pedological and climatic
Page 414 and 415:
EQUIPMENTFor the 1986 season, liqui
Page 416 and 417:
Distance along plot (m)Fig. 3. Meas
Page 418 and 419:
thought to be due to the physical d
Page 420 and 421:
METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONSIn the reg
Page 422 and 423:
Beside these problems, it was neces
Page 425 and 426:
RESIDUAL EFFECT OF CHISELLING ON GR
Page 427 and 428:
Table IBulk density( Mg mm3) of var
Page 429 and 430:
Table VEffect of tillage methods on
Page 431 and 432:
MECHANISMS BY WHICH STRAW RESIDUES
Page 433 and 434:
development in the field experiment
Page 435 and 436:
seed from the mixed soil and straw
Page 437 and 438:
MULCH-SEED TECHNIQUES FOR CONSERVAT
Page 439 and 440:
2. A different design is to cut thr
Page 441:
Fig,. 6: Soil loosening, seedbed pr
Page 444 and 445:
crops are gro~n. Therefore, plant m
Page 446 and 447:
No significant differences in sugar
Page 449 and 450:
STUDY OF THE METHOD OF RATIONAL SOI
Page 451 and 452:
(b) Examination of enerav and other
Page 453 and 454:
THE EFFECTS OF TILLAGE AN0 FERTILIZ
Page 455 and 456:
the usual implement, resulted in th
Page 457 and 458:
Table 5. The effects of tillage and
Page 459 and 460:
INFLUENCE OF SOIL CULTIVATION METHO
Page 461 and 462:
plough version with subsequent rota
Page 463 and 464:
Decreasing soil rnnt.,-tT---.intnnr
Page 465 and 466:
EFFECTS OF GRASS AND LEGUMES AS A G
Page 467 and 468:
Biomass production and nitro en iel
Page 469 and 470:
The lines in quadrant IV are essent
Page 471 and 472:
THE GROWTH OF MAIZE AFTER WETLAND R
Page 473 and 474:
The data was analyzed using a split
Page 475 and 476:
TABLE VlilSignificance levels for s
Page 477 and 478:
PEDOTECHNIQUE:HANDLINGSOIL CLASSIFI
Page 479 and 480:
laboratory conditions. Therefore, t
Page 481 and 482:
Field Traffic Problems", at the 14t
Page 483 and 484:
SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL TILLAG
Page 485 and 486:
CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICSBasic meteo
Page 487 and 488:
Table I1Working operations in maize
Page 489 and 490:
CROP SEQUENCE AND CONSERVATION TILL
Page 491 and 492:
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION1. Soil Struc
Page 493 and 494:
Maize grain yields on loam soil (Fi
Page 495 and 496:
MANAGING CROP RESIDUE AND TILLAGE P
Page 497 and 498:
DISCUSSIONThe chisel plow system in
Page 499 and 500:
TABLE I. Soil characteristics and a
Page 501 and 502:
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TWO STRUCTUR
Page 503 and 504:
Table 11.Mean penetration resistanc
Page 505 and 506:
Mullins, 1988). These cores had a p
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