THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SKIN AND SKIN COLOR Nina G ...

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618 JABLONSKIYork: Quadrangle/N.Y. Times Book Co. 207pp.Elias PM, Feingold KR, Flubr JW. 2003. Skinas an organ of protection. See Freedberg et al.2003, pp. 107-18Ellis RA, Montagna W. 1962. The skin ofprimates. VI. The skin of the gorilla (Gorillagorilla). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 20:79-93Falk D. 1990. Brain evolution in Homo\ the "radiator"theory. Behav. Brain Sci. 13:333-81Feldman D. Glorieux FH. Pike JW, eds. 1997.Vitamin D. San Diego: AcademicFisher GJ, Kang S, Varani J, Bata-Csorgo Z,Yinsbeng W. et al. 2002. Mechanisms of photoagingand chronological skin aging. Arch.Dermatol 138:1462-70Fitzpatrick TB. 1988. The validity and practicalityof sun reactive skin type I through VI.Arch. Dermatol. 124:869-71Fitzpauick TB, Becker SW Jr, Lemer AB,Montgomery H. 1950. Tyrosinase in bumanskin: demonstration of its presence and ofits role in human melanin formation. Science112:223-25Fitzpatrick TB. Seiji M. McGugan AD. 1961.Melanin pigmentation. New Engl. J. Med.265:328-32FitzpatrickTR, Ortonne J-P 2003, Nomial skincolor and general considerations of pigmentarydisorders. See Freedberg et al. 2003, pp.819-25Fleming A, Copp AJ. 1998. Embryonic folatemetabolism and mouse neural nibe defects.5denc
SKIN AND SKIN COLOR 619Herman J, Celarier E. 1996. TOMS Version7 UV-erythemal exposure: 1978-1993. Datadeveloped by NASA Goddard Space FlightCent. Ozone Process. TeamHirakawa K, Suzuki H, Oikawa S, KawanishiS. 2002. Sequence-specific DNA damage inducedby ultraviolet A-irradiated folic acidvia its photolysis product. Arch. Biochem.Biophys. 4lO:26l-2SHitchcock RT. 2001. Ultraviolet Radiation.Fairfax, VA: Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. 49 pp.Hodgkin P, Kay GH. Hine PM, Lumb GA,Stanbury SW. 1973. Vitamin-D deficiency inAsians at home and in Britain. Lancet 2:167-72Holick MF. 1991. Photobiology, physiology,and clinical applications for vitamin D. SeeGoldsmith 1991, pp. 928-56Holick MF. 1995. Environmental factors that influencethe cutaneous production of vitaminD. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 61:638S^5Hotick MF 1997. Photobiology of vitamin D.See Feldman et al. 1997, pp. 33-39Holick MF. 2001. A perspective on tbe beneficialeffects of moderate exposure to sunlight:bone health, cancer prevention, mental healthand well being. See Goldsmith 1991. pp. 11-37Holick MF. 2003. Vitamin D: a millenium perspective.J. Cell Biochem. 88:296-307Holick MF, MacLaughlin JA, Doppelt SH.1981. Regulation of cutaneous previtaminDj photosynthesis in man: Skin pigment isnot an essential regulator. Science 211:590-93Diara Y, Aoki K. 1999. Sexual selection by malechoice in monogamous and polygynous humanpopulations. Theor. Popul. Biol. 55:77-93ItoS.2(X)3. A chemist's view of melanogenesis.Pigment Cell Res. 16:230-36Jablonski NG, Chaplin G. 2000. The evolutionof skin coloration. J. Hum. Evol. 39:57-106Jimbow K, Fitzpatrick TB. Wick MM. 1991.Biochemistry and physiology of melanin pigmentation.See Goldsmith 1991, pp. 873-909Jimbow K, Quevedo WC Jr, Fitzpatrick TB, SzaboG. 1976. Some aspects of melanin biology:1950-1975. J. Invest. Dermatol. 67:72-89John PR, Makova K, Li WH, Jenkins T. RamsayM. 2003. DNA polymorphism and selectionat the melanocortin-1 receptor gene in normallypigmented southem African individuals.Ann. N.Y Acad. Sci. 994:299-306Johnson FS, Mo T, Green AES. 1976. Averagelatitudinal variation in ultraviolet radiation atthe Earth's surface. Photochem. Photobiol.23:179-88Jones G, Stmngnell SA, DeLuca HF. 1998. Currentunderstanding of the molecular actionsof vitamin D. Physiol. Rev. 78:1193-231Kaidbey KH, Agin PP, Sayre RM, KligmanAM. 1979. Photoprotection by melanin—acomparison of black and Caucasian skin. Am.Acad. Dermatol. 1:249-60Kesavan V, Pote MS, Batra V, Viswanathan G.2003. Increased folate catabolism follovt-ingtotal body y-irradiation in mice. / Radiat.Res.44:l4\^HKielbassa C. Roza L. Epe B. 1997. Wavelengthdependence of oxidative DNA damage inducedby UV and visible Hght. Carcinogenesis\%:%\\-\6Knip AS. 1977. Ethnic studies on sweat glandcounts. In Physiological Variation and itsGenetic Basis, ed. JS Weiner, pp. 113-23.London: Taylor & FrancisKollias N. 1995a. The physical basis of skincolor and its evaluation. Clin. Dermatol.13:361-67Kollias N. 1995b. The spectroscopy of humanmelanin in pigmentation. In Melanin: ItsRote in Human Photoprotection, ed. LZeise,MR Chedekel, TB Fitzpatrick, pp. 11-22.Overland Park: ValdenmarKollias N, Sayre RM, Zeise L, Chedekel MR.1991. Photoproteclion by melanin. J. Photochem.Photobiol. B. 9:135-60Kraning KK. 1991. Temperature regulation andthe skin. See Goldsmith 1991, pp. 1085-95Kripke ML, Applegate LA. 1991. Alterations inthe immune response by ultraviolet radiation.See Goldsmith 1991, pp. 1222-39Lasker GW. 1954. Seasonal changes in skincolor. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 12:553-38
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