How to Answer a Negative Question

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Languages reported to have the truth-basedsystem (based on SSWL, literature & fieldwork)Afrikaans (Germanic, South Africa)Amele (Gum, Trans-New Guinea)Amharic (South Semitic, Afro-Asiatic)Basaa (Bantoid, Niger-Congo)Evenki (Tungusic)Georgian (Kartvelian)Greek (Indo-European)Ibibio (Lower Cross, Niger-Congo)Japanese (Japonic)Kashmiri (Dardic, Indo-European)Kobon (Kalam-Kobon, Trans-New Guinea)Korean (isolate, East Asia)Kuot (isolate, Papua New Guinea)Lao (Lao-Putai, Tai-Kadai)Malagasy (Barito, Austronesian)Mandarin (Chinese, Sino-Tibetan)Matses (Panoan, South America)Mauwake (Kumil, Trans-New Guinea)Mualang (Ibanic, Austronesian)Mwotlap (E. Vanuatu, Austronesian)Nahuatl (Uto-Aztecan)Nigerian Pidgin (English-based creole)Nkore-Kiga (Bantu, Niger-Congo))Nupe (Nupe-Gbagyi, Niger Congo,)Nweh (Grassf. Bantu, Niger- Congo)Shan (Northwestern, Tai-Kadai)Southern Min (Min, Sino-Tibetan)Thai (Thai, Tai-Kadai)Yoruba (Volta-Niger, Niger-Congo,)
Languages reported to have the truth-basedsystem (based on SSWL, literature & fieldwork)Afrikaans (Germanic, South Africa)Amele (Gum, Trans-New Guinea)Amharic (South Semitic, Afro-Asiatic)Basaa (Bantoid, Niger-Congo)Evenki (Tungusic)Georgian (Kartvelian)Greek (Indo-European)Ibibio (Lower Cross, Niger-Congo)Japanese (Japonic)Kashmiri (Dardic, Indo-European)Kobon (Kalam-Kobon, Trans-New Guinea)Korean (isolate, East Asia)Kuot (isolate, Papua New Guinea)Lao (Lao-Putai, Tai-Kadai)Malagasy (Barito, Austronesian)Mandarin (Chinese, Sino-Tibetan)Matses (Panoan, South America)Mauwake (Kumil, Trans-New Guinea)Mualang (Ibanic, Austronesian)Mwotlap (E. Vanuatu, Austronesian)Nahuatl (Uto-Aztecan)Navajo (Athabascan)Nigerian Pidgin (English-based creole)Nkore-Kiga (Bantu, Niger-Congo))Nupe (Nupe-Gbagyi, Niger Congo,)Nweh (Grassf. Bantu, Niger- Congo)Shan (Northwestern, Tai-Kadai)Southern Min (Min, Sino-Tibetan)Thai (Thai, Tai-Kadai)Yoruba (Volta-Niger, Niger-Congo,)
Page 1 and 2: HOW TO ANSWER A NEGATIVE QUESTIONAn
Page 3 and 4: Two ways to answer a negative quest
Page 5 and 6: Also called the Agree/Disagree-base
Page 7: Languages reported to have the pola
Page 11 and 12: What is the source of this division
Page 13 and 14: Which system English uses depends o
Page 15 and 16: Forcing the truth-based/agreement-b
Page 17 and 18: (1) Is John not coming?Yes. (Ambigu
Page 19 and 20: IPI’you I NegPvPmust Neg Adv vPno
Page 21 and 22: The structure of questionsQ-forcewh
Page 23 and 24: Chinese A-not-A questions (Huang, L
Page 25 and 26: Answering an A-not-A questionni xi-
Page 27 and 28: Answering an A-not-A questionni xi-
Page 29 and 30: The structure of answers[+Pol]yes F
Page 31 and 32: The structure of answers[-Pol]no Fo
Page 33 and 34: The structure of the answer with lo
Page 35 and 36: The structure of a question with mi
Page 37 and 38: Q: Is John not (actually) coming?A:
Page 39 and 40: YES IP The effect of middle negatio
Page 41 and 42: A language without low negation: Sw
Page 43 and 44: The abstract Polarity headPolPDP+Po
Page 45 and 46: The abstract Polarity headQ-force±
Page 47 and 48: The adverb effect: It blocks Agree
Page 49 and 50: The ‘polarity-reversing affirmati
Page 51 and 52: Negative answersQ: Is John not comi
Page 53 and 54: Low negation: Does not value Pol ob
Page 55 and 56: Cross-linguistic prediction• Lang
Page 57 and 58: Q-force[±Pol]youIP[±Pol]APQ-Focti
Page 59 and 60:
Q-force[±Pol]IPNEGQ-Focthis[±Pol]
Page 61 and 62:
Evidence: The high-negation questio
Page 63 and 64:
An alternative analysis of negative
Page 65 and 66:
Languages reported to have the trut
Page 67 and 68:
Are there shortcuts to the determin
Page 69 and 70:
Q-force[±Pol]Q-FocIPIPIPolPyour br
Page 71 and 72:
[+Pol] chây Foc IPrightIPIPolPyou
Page 73 and 74:
Mauwake: A truth-based answering sy
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How to Answer a Negative Question

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