IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities

May 2011International Financial Reporting Standard ®IFRS 12 Disclosure ofInterests in Other Entities

International FinancialReporting Standard 12Disclosure of Interests inOther Entities

IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities is issued by the InternationalAccounting Standards Board (IASB), 30 Cannon Street, London EC4M 6XH, UnitedKingdom.Tel: +44 (0)20 7246 6410Fax: +44 (0)20 7246 6411Email: iasb@ifrs.orgWeb: www.ifrs.orgThe IASB, the IFRS Foundation, the authors and the publishers do not acceptresponsibility for loss caused to any person who acts or refrains from acting inreliance on the material in this publication, whether such loss is caused bynegligence or otherwise.Copyright © 2011 IFRS Foundation ®IFRS 12 and its accompanying documents are published in two parts.ISBN for this part: 978-1-907877-19-3ISBN for complete publication (two parts): 978-1-907877-18-6International Financial Reporting Standards (including International AccountingStandards and SIC and IFRIC Interpretations), Exposure Drafts, and other IASBpublications are copyright of the IFRS Foundation. The approved text ofInternational Financial Reporting Standards and other IASB publications is thatpublished by the IASB in the English language. Copies may be obtained from theIFRS Foundation. Please address publications and copyright matters to:IFRS Foundation Publications Department,1st Floor, 30 Cannon Street, London EC4M 6XH, United Kingdom.Tel: +44 (0)20 7332 2730 Fax: +44 (0)20 7332 2749Email: publications@ifrs.org Web: www.ifrs.orgAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated, reprinted orreproduced or utilised in any form either in whole or in part or by any electronic,mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, includingphotocopying and recording, or in any information storage and retrieval system,without prior permission in writing from the IFRS Foundation.The IFRS Foundation logo/the IASB logo/‘Hexagon Device’, ‘IFRS Foundation’,‘eIFRS’, ‘IAS’, ‘IASB’, ‘IASC Foundation’, ‘IASCF’, ‘IFRS for SMEs’, ‘IASs’, ‘IFRIC’,‘IFRS’, ‘IFRSs’, ‘International Accounting Standards’, ‘International FinancialReporting Standards’ and ‘SIC’ are Trade Marks of the IFRS Foundation.

IFRS 12 DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS IN OTHER ENTITIESCONTENTSparagraphsINTRODUCTIONIN1–IN11INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD 12DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS IN OTHER ENTITIESOBJECTIVE 1–4Meeting the objective 2–4SCOPE 5–6SIGNIFICANT JUDGEMENTS AND ASSUMPTIONS 7–9INTERESTS IN SUBSIDIARIES 10–19The interest that non-controlling interests have in the group’s activitiesand cash flows 12The nature and extent of significant restrictions 13Nature of the risks associated with an entity’s interests in consolidatedstructured entities 14–17Consequences of changes in a parent’s ownership interest in asubsidiary that do not result in a loss of control 18Consequence of losing control of a subsidiary during the reportingperiod 19INTERESTS IN JOINT ARRANGEMENTS AND ASSOCIATES 20–23Nature, extent and financial effects of an entity’s interests in jointarrangements and associates 21–22Risks associated with an entity’s interests in joint ventures andassociates 23INTERESTS IN UNCONSOLIDATED STRUCTURED ENTITIES 24–31Nature of interests 26–28Nature of risks 29–31APPENDICESA Defined termsB Application guidanceC Effective date and transitionD Amendments to other IFRSsAPPROVAL BY THE BOARD OF IFRS 12 ISSUED IN MAY 2011BASIS FOR CONCLUSIONS (see separate booklet)3 © IFRS Foundation

IFRS 12 DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS IN OTHER ENTITIESIntroductionIN1IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities applies to entities that have aninterest in a subsidiary, a joint arrangement, an associate or anunconsolidated structured entity.IN2 The IFRS is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013.Earlier application is permitted.Reasons for issuing the IFRSIN3IN4IN5IN6IN7Users of financial statements have consistently requested improvementsto the disclosure of a reporting entity’s interests in other entities to helpidentify the profit or loss and cash flows available to the reporting entityand determine the value of a current or future investment in thereporting entity.They highlighted the need for better information about the subsidiariesthat are consolidated, as well as an entity’s interests in jointarrangements and associates that are not consolidated but with whichthe entity has a special relationship.The global financial crisis that started in 2007 also highlighted a lack oftransparency about the risks to which a reporting entity was exposedfrom its involvement with structured entities, including those that it hadsponsored.In response to input received from users and others, including the G20leaders and the Financial Stability Board, the Board decided to address inIFRS 12 the need for improved disclosure of a reporting entity’s interestsin other entities when the reporting entity has a special relationship withthose other entities.The Board identified an opportunity to integrate and make consistent thedisclosure requirements for subsidiaries, joint arrangements, associatesand unconsolidated structured entities and present those requirementsin a single IFRS. The Board observed that the disclosure requirements ofIAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements, IAS 28 Investments inAssociates and IAS 31 Interests in Joint Ventures overlapped in many areas.In addition, many commented that the disclosure requirements forinterests in unconsolidated structured entities should not be located in a5 © IFRS Foundation

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD MAY 2011consolidation standard. Therefore, the Board concluded that a combineddisclosure standard for interests in other entities would make it easier tounderstand and apply the disclosure requirements for subsidiaries, jointventures, associates and unconsolidated structured entities.Main features of the IFRSIN8The IFRS requires an entity to disclose information that enables users offinancial statements to evaluate:(a)(b)the nature of, and risks associated with, its interests in otherentities; andthe effects of those interests on its financial position, financialperformance and cash flows.General requirementsIN9The IFRS establishes disclosure objectives according to which an entitydiscloses information that enables users of its financial statements(a)to understand:(i)(ii)the significant judgements and assumptions (and changes tothose judgements and assumptions) made in determining thenature of its interest in another entity or arrangement(ie control, joint control or significant influence), and indetermining the type of joint arrangement in which it has aninterest; andthe interest that non-controlling interests have in the group’sactivities and cash flows; and(b)to evaluate:(i)(ii)(iii)the nature and extent of significant restrictions on its abilityto access or use assets, and settle liabilities, of the group;the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with itsinterests in consolidated structured entities;the nature and extent of its interests in unconsolidatedstructured entities, and the nature of, and changes in, therisks associated with those interests;© IFRS Foundation 6

IFRS 12 DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS IN OTHER ENTITIES(iv)(v)(vi)the nature, extent and financial effects of its interests in jointarrangements and associates, and the nature of the risksassociated with those interests;the consequences of changes in a parent’s ownership interestin a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control; andthe consequences of losing control of a subsidiary during thereporting period.IN10IN11The IFRS specifies minimum disclosures that an entity must provide.If the minimum disclosures required by the IFRS are not sufficient tomeet the disclosure objective, an entity discloses whatever additionalinformation is necessary to meet that objective.The IFRS requires an entity to consider the level of detail necessary tosatisfy the disclosure objective and how much emphasis to place on eachof the requirements in the IFRS. An entity shall aggregate or disaggregatedisclosures so that useful information is not obscured by either theinclusion of a large amount of insignificant detail or the aggregation ofitems that have different characteristics.7 © IFRS Foundation

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD MAY 2011International Financial Reporting Standard 12Disclosure of Interests in Other EntitiesObjective1 The objective of this IFRS is to require an entity to discloseinformation that enables users of its financial statements to evaluate:(a)(b)the nature of, and risks associated with, its interests in other entities;andthe effects of those interests on its financial position, financialperformance and cash flows.Meeting the objective2 To meet the objective in paragraph 1, an entity shall disclose:(a)(b)the significant judgements and assumptions it has made indetermining the nature of its interest in another entity orarrangement, and in determining the type of joint arrangement inwhich it has an interest (paragraphs 7–9); andinformation about its interests in:(i) subsidiaries (paragraphs 10–19);(ii)(iii)joint arrangements and associates (paragraphs 20–23); andstructured entities that are not controlled by the entity(unconsolidated structured entities) (paragraphs 24–31).3 If the disclosures required by this IFRS, together with disclosures requiredby other IFRSs, do not meet the objective in paragraph 1, an entity shalldisclose whatever additional information is necessary to meet thatobjective.4 An entity shall consider the level of detail necessary to satisfy thedisclosure objective and how much emphasis to place on each of therequirements in this IFRS. It shall aggregate or disaggregate disclosuresso that useful information is not obscured by either the inclusion of alarge amount of insignificant detail or the aggregation of items that havedifferent characteristics (see paragraphs B2–B6).© IFRS Foundation 8

IFRS 12 DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS IN OTHER ENTITIESScope5 This IFRS shall be applied by an entity that has an interest in any of thefollowing:(a)(b)(c)(d)subsidiariesjoint arrangements (ie joint operations or joint ventures)associatesunconsolidated structured entities.6 This IFRS does not apply to:(a)(b)(c)(d)post-employment benefit plans or other long-term employeebenefit plans to which IAS 19 Employee Benefits applies.an entity’s separate financial statements to which IAS 27 SeparateFinancial Statements applies. However, if an entity has interests inunconsolidated structured entities and prepares separate financialstatements as its only financial statements, it shall apply therequirements in paragraphs 24–31 when preparing those separatefinancial statements.an interest held by an entity that participates in, but does not havejoint control of, a joint arrangement unless that interest results insignificant influence over the arrangement or is an interest in astructured entity.an interest in another entity that is accounted for in accordancewith IFRS 9 Financial Instruments. However, an entity shall apply thisIFRS:(i)(ii)when that interest is an interest in an associate or a jointventure that, in accordance with IAS 28 Investments in Associatesand Joint Ventures, is measured at fair value through profit orloss; orwhen that interest is an interest in an unconsolidatedstructured entity.9 © IFRS Foundation

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD MAY 2011Significant judgements and assumptions7 An entity shall disclose information about significant judgements andassumptions it has made (and changes to those judgementsand assumptions) in determining:(a)(b)(c)that it has control of another entity, ie an investee as described inparagraphs 5 and 6 of IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements;that it has joint control of an arrangement or significant influenceover another entity; andthe type of joint arrangement (ie joint operation or joint venture)when the arrangement has been structured through a separatevehicle.8 The significant judgements and assumptions disclosed in accordancewith paragraph 7 include those made by the entity when changes in factsand circumstances are such that the conclusion about whether it hascontrol, joint control or significant influence changes during thereporting period.9 To comply with paragraph 7, an entity shall disclose, for example,significant judgements and assumptions made in determining that:(a)(b)it does not control another entity even though it holds more thanhalf of the voting rights of the other entity.it controls another entity even though it holds less than half of thevoting rights of the other entity.(c) it is an agent or a principal (see paragraphs 58–72 of IFRS 10).(d)(e)it does not have significant influence even though it holds20 per cent or more of the voting rights of another entity.it has significant influence even though it holds less than20 per cent of the voting rights of another entity.Interests in subsidiaries10 An entity shall disclose information that enables users of its consolidatedfinancial statements(a)to understand:(i)the composition of the group; and© IFRS Foundation 10

IFRS 12 DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS IN OTHER ENTITIES(ii)the interest that non-controlling interests have in the group’sactivities and cash flows (paragraph 12); and(b)to evaluate:(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)the nature and extent of significant restrictions on its abilityto access or use assets, and settle liabilities, of the group(paragraph 13);the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with itsinterests in consolidated structured entities (paragraphs 14–17);the consequences of changes in its ownership interest in asubsidiary that do not result in a loss of control (paragraph 18);andthe consequences of losing control of a subsidiary during thereporting period (paragraph 19).11 When the financial statements of a subsidiary used in the preparation ofconsolidated financial statements are as of a date or for a period that isdifferent from that of the consolidated financial statements(see paragraphs B92 and B93 of IFRS 10), an entity shall disclose:(a)(b)the date of the end of the reporting period of the financialstatements of that subsidiary; andthe reason for using a different date or period.The interest that non-controlling interests have in thegroup’s activities and cash flows12 An entity shall disclose for each of its subsidiaries that havenon-controlling interests that are material to the reporting entity:(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)the name of the subsidiary.the principal place of business (and country of incorporation ifdifferent from the principal place of business) of the subsidiary.the proportion of ownership interests held by non-controllinginterests.the proportion of voting rights held by non-controlling interests, ifdifferent from the proportion of ownership interests held.the profit or loss allocated to non-controlling interests of thesubsidiary during the reporting period.11 © IFRS Foundation

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD MAY 2011(f)accumulated non-controlling interests of the subsidiary at the endof the reporting period.(g) summarised financial information about the subsidiary(see paragraph B10).The nature and extent of significant restrictions13 An entity shall disclose:(a)significant restrictions (eg statutory, contractual and regulatoryrestrictions) on its ability to access or use the assets and settle theliabilities of the group, such as:(i)(ii)those that restrict the ability of a parent or its subsidiaries totransfer cash or other assets to (or from) other entities withinthe group.guarantees or other requirements that may restrict dividendsand other capital distributions being paid, or loans andadvances being made or repaid, to (or from) other entitieswithin the group.(b)(c)the nature and extent to which protective rights of non-controllinginterests can significantly restrict the entity’s ability to access oruse the assets and settle the liabilities of the group (such as when aparent is obliged to settle liabilities of a subsidiary before settlingits own liabilities, or approval of non-controlling interests isrequired either to access the assets or to settle the liabilities of asubsidiary).the carrying amounts in the consolidated financial statements ofthe assets and liabilities to which those restrictions apply.Nature of the risks associated with an entity’sinterests in consolidated structured entities14 An entity shall disclose the terms of any contractual arrangements thatcould require the parent or its subsidiaries to provide financial support toa consolidated structured entity, including events or circumstances thatcould expose the reporting entity to a loss (eg liquidity arrangements orcredit rating triggers associated with obligations to purchase assets of thestructured entity or provide financial support).© IFRS Foundation 12

IFRS 12 DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS IN OTHER ENTITIES15 If during the reporting period a parent or any of its subsidiaries has,without having a contractual obligation to do so, provided financial orother support to a consolidated structured entity (eg purchasing assets ofor instruments issued by the structured entity), the entity shall disclose:(a)(b)the type and amount of support provided, including situations inwhich the parent or its subsidiaries assisted the structured entityin obtaining financial support; andthe reasons for providing the support.16 If during the reporting period a parent or any of its subsidiaries has,without having a contractual obligation to do so, provided financial orother support to a previously unconsolidated structured entity and thatprovision of support resulted in the entity controlling the structuredentity, the entity shall disclose an explanation of the relevant factors inreaching that decision.17 An entity shall disclose any current intentions to provide financial orother support to a consolidated structured entity, including intentions toassist the structured entity in obtaining financial support.Consequences of changes in a parent’s ownershipinterest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss ofcontrol18 An entity shall present a schedule that shows the effects on the equityattributable to owners of the parent of any changes in its ownershipinterest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control.Consequences of losing control of a subsidiary duringthe reporting period19 An entity shall disclose the gain or loss, if any, calculated in accordancewith paragraph 25 of IFRS 10, and:(a)(b)the portion of that gain or loss attributable to measuring anyinvestment retained in the former subsidiary at its fair value at thedate when control is lost; andthe line item(s) in profit or loss in which the gain or loss isrecognised (if not presented separately).13 © IFRS Foundation

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD MAY 2011Interests in joint arrangements and associates20 An entity shall disclose information that enables users of its financialstatements to evaluate:(a)(b)the nature, extent and financial effects of its interests in jointarrangements and associates, including the nature and effects of itscontractual relationship with the other investors with joint controlof, or significant influence over, joint arrangements and associates(paragraphs 21 and 22); andthe nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with its interestsin joint ventures and associates (paragraph 23).Nature, extent and financial effects of an entity’sinterests in joint arrangements and associates21 An entity shall disclose:(a)for each joint arrangement and associate that is material to thereporting entity:(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)the name of the joint arrangement or associate.the nature of the entity’s relationship with the jointarrangement or associate (by, for example, describing thenature of the activities of the joint arrangement or associateand whether they are strategic to the entity’s activities).the principal place of business (and country of incorporation,if applicable and different from the principal place ofbusiness) of the joint arrangement or associate.the proportion of ownership interest or participating shareheld by the entity and, if different, the proportion of votingrights held (if applicable).(b)for each joint venture and associate that is material to thereporting entity:(i)(ii)(iii)whether the investment in the joint venture or associate ismeasured using the equity method or at fair value.summarised financial information about the joint venture orassociate as specified in paragraphs B12 and B13.if the joint venture or associate is accounted for using theequity method, the fair value of its investment in the joint© IFRS Foundation 14

IFRS 12 DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS IN OTHER ENTITIESventure or associate, if there is a quoted market price for theinvestment.(c)financial information as specified in paragraph B16 about theentity’s investments in joint ventures and associates that are notindividually material:(i)(ii)in aggregate for all individually immaterial joint venturesand, separately,in aggregate for all individually immaterial associates.22 An entity shall also disclose:(a)(b)the nature and extent of any significant restrictions (eg resultingfrom borrowing arrangements, regulatory requirements orcontractual arrangements between investors with joint control ofor significant influence over a joint venture or an associate) on theability of joint ventures or associates to transfer funds to the entityin the form of cash dividends, or to repay loans or advances madeby the entity.when the financial statements of a joint venture or associate usedin applying the equity method are as of a date or for a period that isdifferent from that of the entity:(i)(ii)the date of the end of the reporting period of the financialstatements of that joint venture or associate; andthe reason for using a different date or period.(c)the unrecognised share of losses of a joint venture or associate,both for the reporting period and cumulatively, if the entity hasstopped recognising its share of losses of the joint venture orassociate when applying the equity method.Risks associated with an entity’s interests in jointventures and associates23 An entity shall disclose:(a)(b)commitments that it has relating to its joint ventures separatelyfrom the amount of other commitments as specified in paragraphsB18–B20.in accordance with IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities andContingent Assets, unless the probability of loss is remote, contingentliabilities incurred relating to its interests in joint ventures or15 © IFRS Foundation

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD MAY 2011associates (including its share of contingent liabilities incurredjointly with other investors with joint control of, or significantinfluence over, the joint ventures or associates), separately fromthe amount of other contingent liabilities.Interests in unconsolidated structured entities24 An entity shall disclose information that enables users of its financialstatements:(a)(b)to understand the nature and extent of its interests inunconsolidated structured entities (paragraphs 26–28); andto evaluate the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with itsinterests in unconsolidated structured entities (paragraphs 29–31).25 The information required by paragraph 24(b) includes information aboutan entity’s exposure to risk from involvement that it had withunconsolidated structured entities in previous periods (eg sponsoring thestructured entity), even if the entity no longer has any contractualinvolvement with the structured entity at the reporting date.Nature of interests26 An entity shall disclose qualitative and quantitative information aboutits interests in unconsolidated structured entities, including, but notlimited to, the nature, purpose, size and activities of the structured entityand how the structured entity is financed.27 If an entity has sponsored an unconsolidated structured entity for whichit does not provide information required by paragraph 29 (eg because itdoes not have an interest in the entity at the reporting date), the entityshall disclose:(a)(b)(c)how it has determined which structured entities it has sponsored;income from those structured entities during the reporting period,including a description of the types of income presented; andthe carrying amount (at the time of transfer) of all assetstransferred to those structured entities during the reportingperiod.28 An entity shall present the information in paragraph 27(b) and (c) intabular format, unless another format is more appropriate, and classifyits sponsoring activities into relevant categories (see paragraphs B2–B6).© IFRS Foundation 16

IFRS 12 DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS IN OTHER ENTITIESNature of risks29 An entity shall disclose in tabular format, unless another format is moreappropriate, a summary of:(a)(b)(c)(d)the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities recognised in itsfinancial statements relating to its interests in unconsolidatedstructured entities.the line items in the statement of financial position in which thoseassets and liabilities are recognised.the amount that best represents the entity’s maximum exposure toloss from its interests in unconsolidated structured entities,including how the maximum exposure to loss is determined. If anentity cannot quantify its maximum exposure to loss from itsinterests in unconsolidated structured entities it shall disclose thatfact and the reasons.a comparison of the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilitiesof the entity that relate to its interests in unconsolidatedstructured entities and the entity’s maximum exposure to lossfrom those entities.30 If during the reporting period an entity has, without having a contractualobligation to do so, provided financial or other support to anunconsolidated structured entity in which it previously had or currentlyhas an interest (for example, purchasing assets of or instruments issuedby the structured entity), the entity shall disclose:(a)(b)the type and amount of support provided, including situations inwhich the entity assisted the structured entity in obtainingfinancial support; andthe reasons for providing the support.31 An entity shall disclose any current intentions to provide financial orother support to an unconsolidated structured entity, includingintentions to assist the structured entity in obtaining financial support.17 © IFRS Foundation

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD MAY 2011Appendix ADefined termsThis appendix is an integral part of the IFRS.income from astructured entityinterest in anotherentityFor the purpose of this IFRS, income from a structuredentity includes, but is not limited to, recurring andnon-recurring fees, interest, dividends, gains or losseson the remeasurement or derecognition of interests instructured entities and gains or losses from the transferof assets and liabilities to the structured entity.For the purpose of this IFRS, an interest in anotherentity refers to contractual and non-contractualinvolvement that exposes an entity to variability ofreturns from the performance of the other entity.An interest in another entity can be evidenced by, but isnot limited to, the holding of equity or debtinstruments as well as other forms of involvement suchas the provision of funding, liquidity support, creditenhancement and guarantees. It includes the means bywhich an entity has control or joint control of, orsignificant influence over, another entity. An entitydoes not necessarily have an interest in another entitysolely because of a typical customer supplierrelationship.Paragraphs B7–B9 provide further information aboutinterests in other entities.structured entityParagraphs B55–B57 of IFRS 10 explain variability ofreturns.An entity that has been designed so that voting orsimilar rights are not the dominant factor in decidingwho controls the entity, such as when any voting rightsrelate to administrative tasks only and the relevantactivities are directed by means of contractualarrangements.Paragraphs B22–B24 provide further information aboutstructured entities.© IFRS Foundation 18

IFRS 12 DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS IN OTHER ENTITIESThe following terms are defined in IAS 27 (as amended in 2011), IAS 28(as amended in 2011), IFRS 10 and IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements and are used in thisIFRS with the meanings specified in those IFRSs:• associate• consolidated financial statements• control of an entity• equity method• group• joint arrangement• joint control• joint operation• joint venture• non-controlling interest• parent• protective rights• relevant activities• separate financial statements• separate vehicle• significant influence• subsidiary.19 © IFRS Foundation

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD MAY 2011Appendix BApplication guidanceThis appendix is an integral part of the IFRS. It describes the application of paragraphs 1–31and has the same authority as the other parts of the IFRS.B1The examples in this appendix portray hypothetical situations. Althoughsome aspects of the examples may be present in actual fact patterns, allrelevant facts and circumstances of a particular fact pattern would needto be evaluated when applying IFRS 12.Aggregation (paragraph 4)B2B3B4An entity shall decide, in the light of its circumstances, how much detailit provides to satisfy the information needs of users, how much emphasisit places on different aspects of the requirements and how it aggregatesthe information. It is necessary to strike a balance between burdeningfinancial statements with excessive detail that may not assist users offinancial statements and obscuring information as a result of too muchaggregation.An entity may aggregate the disclosures required by this IFRS for interestsin similar entities if aggregation is consistent with the disclosureobjective and the requirement in paragraph B4, and does not obscure theinformation provided. An entity shall disclose how it has aggregated itsinterests in similar entities.An entity shall present information separately for interests in:(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)subsidiaries;joint ventures;joint operations;associates; andunconsolidated structured entities.© IFRS Foundation 20

IFRS 12 DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS IN OTHER ENTITIESB5B6In determining whether to aggregate information, an entity shallconsider quantitative and qualitative information about the differentrisk and return characteristics of each entity it is considering foraggregation and the significance of each such entity to the reportingentity. The entity shall present the disclosures in a manner that clearlyexplains to users of financial statements the nature and extent of itsinterests in those other entities.Examples of aggregation levels within the classes of entities set out inparagraph B4 that might be appropriate are:(a)(b)(c)nature of activities (eg a research and development entity, arevolving credit card securitisation entity).industry classification.geography (eg country or region).Interests in other entitiesB7B8B9An interest in another entity refers to contractual and non-contractualinvolvement that exposes the reporting entity to variability of returnsfrom the performance of the other entity. Consideration of the purposeand design of the other entity may help the reporting entity whenassessing whether it has an interest in that entity and, therefore, whetherit is required to provide the disclosures in this IFRS. That assessment shallinclude consideration of the risks that the other entity was designed tocreate and the risks the other entity was designed to pass on to thereporting entity and other parties.A reporting entity is typically exposed to variability of returns from theperformance of another entity by holding instruments (such as equity ordebt instruments issued by the other entity) or having anotherinvolvement that absorbs variability. For example, assume a structuredentity holds a loan portfolio. The structured entity obtains a creditdefault swap from another entity (the reporting entity) to protect itselffrom the default of interest and principal payments on the loans.The reporting entity has involvement that exposes it to variability ofreturns from the performance of the structured entity because the creditdefault swap absorbs variability of returns of the structured entity.Some instruments are designed to transfer risk from a reporting entity toanother entity. Such instruments create variability of returns for theother entity but do not typically expose the reporting entity to variabilityof returns from the performance of the other entity. For example, assume21 © IFRS Foundation

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD MAY 2011a structured entity is established to provide investment opportunities forinvestors who wish to have exposure to entity Z’s credit risk (entity Z isunrelated to any party involved in the arrangement). The structuredentity obtains funding by issuing to those investors notes that are linkedto entity Z’s credit risk (credit-linked notes) and uses the proceeds toinvest in a portfolio of risk-free financial assets. The structured entityobtains exposure to entity Z’s credit risk by entering into a credit defaultswap (CDS) with a swap counterparty. The CDS passes entity Z’s credit riskto the structured entity in return for a fee paid by the swap counterparty.The investors in the structured entity receive a higher return thatreflects both the structured entity’s return from its asset portfolio andthe CDS fee. The swap counterparty does not have involvement with thestructured entity that exposes it to variability of returns from theperformance of the structured entity because the CDS transfersvariability to the structured entity, rather than absorbing variability ofreturns of the structured entity.Summarised financial information for subsidiaries, jointventures and associates (paragraphs 12 and 21)B10For each subsidiary that has non-controlling interests that are material tothe reporting entity, an entity shall disclose:(a)(b)dividends paid to non-controlling interests.summarised financial information about the assets, liabilities,profit or loss and cash flows of the subsidiary that enables users tounderstand the interest that non-controlling interests have in thegroup’s activities and cash flows. That information might includebut is not limited to, for example, current assets, non-currentassets, current liabilities, non-current liabilities, revenue, profit orloss and total comprehensive income.B11B12The summarised financial information required by paragraph B10(b)shall be the amounts before inter-company eliminations.For each joint venture and associate that is material to the reportingentity, an entity shall disclose:(a)dividends received from the joint venture or associate.© IFRS Foundation 22

IFRS 12 DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS IN OTHER ENTITIES(b)summarised financial information for the joint venture orassociate (see paragraphs B14 and B15) including, but notnecessarily limited to:(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v)(vi)(vii)current assets.non-current assets.current liabilities.non-current liabilities.revenue.profit or loss from continuing operations.post-tax profit or loss from discontinued operations.(viii) other comprehensive income.(ix)total comprehensive income.B13In addition to the summarised financial information required byparagraph B12, an entity shall disclose for each joint venture that ismaterial to the reporting entity the amount of:(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)cash and cash equivalents included in paragraph B12(b)(i).current financial liabilities (excluding trade and other payablesand provisions) included in paragraph B12(b)(iii).non-current financial liabilities (excluding trade and otherpayables and provisions) included in paragraph B12(b)(iv).depreciation and amortisation.interest income.interest expense.income tax expense or income.B14The summarised financial information presented in accordance withparagraphs B12 and B13 shall be the amounts included in the IFRSfinancial statements of the joint venture or associate (and not the entity’sshare of those amounts). If the entity accounts for its interest in the jointventure or associate using the equity method:(a)the amounts included in the IFRS financial statements of the jointventure or associate shall be adjusted to reflect adjustments madeby the entity when using the equity method, such as fair value23 © IFRS Foundation

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD MAY 2011adjustments made at the time of acquisition and adjustments fordifferences in accounting policies.(b)the entity shall provide a reconciliation of the summarisedfinancial information presented to the carrying amount of itsinterest in the joint venture or associate.B15An entity may present the summarised financial information required byparagraphs B12 and B13 on the basis of the joint venture’s or associate’sfinancial statements if:(a)(b)the entity measures its interest in the joint venture or associate atfair value in accordance with IAS 28 (as amended in 2011); andthe joint venture or associate does not prepare IFRS financialstatements and preparation on that basis would be impracticableor cause undue cost.In that case, the entity shall disclose the basis on which the summarisedfinancial information has been prepared.B16An entity shall disclose, in aggregate, the carrying amount of its interestsin all individually immaterial joint ventures or associates that areaccounted for using the equity method. An entity shall also discloseseparately the aggregate amount of its share of those joint ventures’ orassociates’:(a)(b)(c)(d)profit or loss from continuing operations.post-tax profit or loss from discontinued operations.other comprehensive income.total comprehensive income.An entity provides the disclosures separately for joint ventures andassociates.B17When an entity’s interest in a subsidiary, a joint venture or an associate(or a portion of its interest in a joint venture or an associate) is classifiedas held for sale in accordance with IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale andDiscontinued Operations, the entity is not required to disclose summarisedfinancial information for that subsidiary, joint venture or associate inaccordance with paragraphs B10–B16.© IFRS Foundation 24

IFRS 12 DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS IN OTHER ENTITIESCommitments for joint ventures (paragraph 23(a))B18B19An entity shall disclose total commitments it has made but notrecognised at the reporting date (including its share of commitmentsmade jointly with other investors with joint control of a joint venture)relating to its interests in joint ventures. Commitments are those thatmay give rise to a future outflow of cash or other resources.Unrecognised commitments that may give rise to a future outflow of cashor other resources include:(a)unrecognised commitments to contribute funding or resources as aresult of, for example:(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v)(vi)the constitution or acquisition agreements of a joint venture(that, for example, require an entity to contribute funds overa specific period).capital-intensive projects undertaken by a joint venture.unconditional purchase obligations, comprising procurementof equipment, inventory or services that an entity is committedto purchasing from, or on behalf of, a joint venture.unrecognised commitments to provide loans or otherfinancial support to a joint venture.unrecognised commitments to contribute resources to a jointventure, such as assets or services.other non-cancellable unrecognised commitments relating toa joint venture.(b)unrecognised commitments to acquire another party’s ownershipinterest (or a portion of that ownership interest) in a joint ventureif a particular event occurs or does not occur in the future.B20The requirements and examples in paragraphs B18 and B19 illustratesome of the types of disclosure required by paragraph 18 of IAS 24 RelatedParty Disclosures.25 © IFRS Foundation

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD MAY 2011Interests in unconsolidated structured entities(paragraphs 24–31)Structured entitiesB21B22A structured entity is an entity that has been designed so that voting orsimilar rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls theentity, such as when any voting rights relate to administrative tasks onlyand the relevant activities are directed by means of contractualarrangements.A structured entity often has some or all of the following features orattributes:(a)(b)(c)(d)restricted activities.a narrow and well-defined objective, such as to effect a tax-efficientlease, carry out research and development activities, provide asource of capital or funding to an entity or provide investmentopportunities for investors by passing on risks and rewardsassociated with the assets of the structured entity to investors.insufficient equity to permit the structured entity to finance itsactivities without subordinated financial support.financing in the form of multiple contractually linked instrumentsto investors that create concentrations of credit or other risks(tranches).B23Examples of entities that are regarded as structured entities include, butare not limited to:(a)(b)(c)securitisation vehicles.asset-backed financings.some investment funds.B24An entity that is controlled by voting rights is not a structured entitysimply because, for example, it receives funding from third partiesfollowing a restructuring.© IFRS Foundation 26

IFRS 12 DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS IN OTHER ENTITIESB25Nature of risks from interests in unconsolidatedstructured entities (paragraphs 29–31)In addition to the information required by paragraphs 29–31, an entityshall disclose additional information that is necessary to meet thedisclosure objective in paragraph 24(b).B26 Examples of additional information that, depending on thecircumstances, might be relevant to an assessment of the risks to whichan entity is exposed when it has an interest in an unconsolidatedstructured entity are:(a)the terms of an arrangement that could require the entity toprovide financial support to an unconsolidated structured entity(eg liquidity arrangements or credit rating triggers associated withobligations to purchase assets of the structured entity or providefinancial support), including:(i)(ii)(iii)a description of events or circumstances that could exposethe reporting entity to a loss.whether there are any terms that would limit the obligation.whether there are any other parties that provide financialsupport and, if so, how the reporting entity’s obligation rankswith those of other parties.(b)(c)losses incurred by the entity during the reporting period relatingto its interests in unconsolidated structured entities.the types of income the entity received during the reporting periodfrom its interests in unconsolidated structured entities.(d) whether the entity is required to absorb losses of anunconsolidated structured entity before other parties, themaximum limit of such losses for the entity, and (if relevant) theranking and amounts of potential losses borne by parties whoseinterests rank lower than the entity’s interest in theunconsolidated structured entity.(e)information about any liquidity arrangements, guarantees or othercommitments with third parties that may affect the fair value orrisk of the entity’s interests in unconsolidated structured entities.(f) any difficulties an unconsolidated structured entity hasexperienced in financing its activities during the reporting period.27 © IFRS Foundation

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD MAY 2011(g)in relation to the funding of an unconsolidated structured entity,the forms of funding (eg commercial paper or medium-term notes)and their weighted-average life. That information might includematurity analyses of the assets and funding of an unconsolidatedstructured entity if the structured entity has longer-term assetsfunded by shorter-term funding.© IFRS Foundation 28

IFRS 12 DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS IN OTHER ENTITIESAppendix CEffective date and transitionThis appendix is an integral part of the IFRS and has the same authority as the other parts ofthe IFRS.Effective date and transitionC1C2An entity shall apply this IFRS for annual periods beginning on or after1 January 2013. Earlier application is permitted.An entity is encouraged to provide information required by this IFRSearlier than annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2013.Providing some of the disclosures required by this IFRS does not compelthe entity to comply with all the requirements of this IFRS or to applyIFRS 10, IFRS 11, IAS 27 (as amended in 2011) and IAS 28 (as amendedin 2011) early.References to IFRS 9C3If an entity applies this IFRS but does not yet apply IFRS 9, any referenceto IFRS 9 shall be read as a reference to IAS 39 Financial Instruments:Recognition and Measurement.29 © IFRS Foundation

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD MAY 2011Appendix DAmendments to other IFRSsThis appendix sets out amendments to other IFRSs that are a consequence of the Board issuingIFRS 12. An entity shall apply the amendments for annual periods beginning on or after1January 2013. If an entity applies IFRS 12 for an earlier period, it shall apply theamendments for that earlier period. Amended paragraphs are shown with new textunderlined and deleted text struck through.IAS 1 Presentation of Financial StatementsD1Paragraphs 119 and 124 are amended and paragraph 139H is added asfollows.119 … An example is disclosure of whether a venturer recognises itsinterest in a jointly controlled entity using proportionateconsolidation or the equity method (see IAS 31 Interests in JointVentures) an entity applies the fair value or cost model to itsinvestment property (see IAS 40 Investment Property). Some IFRSsspecifically require disclosure of particular accounting policies,including choices made by management between differentpolicies they allow. …124 Some of the disclosures made in accordance withparagraph 122 are required by other IFRSs. For example, IAS 27requires an entity to disclose the reasons why the entity’sownership interest does not constitute control, in respect of aninvestee that is not a subsidiary even though more than half ofits voting or potential voting power is owned directly orindirectly through subsidiaries IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests inOther Entities requires an entity to disclose the judgements it hasmade in determining whether it controls another entity. IAS 40Investment Property requires…139H IFRSs 10 and 12, issued in May 2011, amended paragraphs 4, 119,123 and 124. An entity shall apply those amendments when itapplies IFRSs 10 and 12.© IFRS Foundation 30

IFRS 12 DISCLOSURE OF INTERESTS IN OTHER ENTITIESIAS 24 Related Party DisclosuresD2Paragraph 15 is amended and paragraph 28A is added as follows.15 The requirement to disclose related party relationshipsbetween a parent and its subsidiaries is in addition to thedisclosure requirements in IAS 27 and, IAS 28 Investments inAssociates and IAS 31 Interests in Joint Ventures IFRS 12 Disclosure ofInterests in Other Entities.28AIFRS 10, IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements and IFRS 12, issued inMay 2011, amended paragraphs 3, 9, 11(b), 15, 19(b) and (e) and25. An entity shall apply those amendments when it appliesIFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12.31 © IFRS Foundation

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARD MAY 2011Approval by the Board of IFRS 12 issued in May 2011International Financial Reporting Standard 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entitieswas approved for issue by the fifteen members of the International AccountingStandards Board.Sir David TweedieStephen CooperPhilippe DanjouJan EngströmPatrick FinneganAmaro Luiz de Oliveira GomesPrabhakar KalavacherlaElke KönigPatricia McConnellWarren J McGregorPaul PacterDarrel ScottJohn T SmithTatsumi YamadaWei-Guo ZhangChairman© IFRS Foundation 32