Disaster information management system in Taiwan

Disaster Management Information System inTaiwanProf. Feng-Tyan Lin (fengtyanlin@gmail.com)Dean, College of Planning and Design, National Cheng Kung UniversityFormer Head, Information DivisionNational Science & Technology Center for Disaster Reduction

Contents• Foreword and Background• Organization• Decision Support System for Early Warning• Risk Map• Resilient Community• Future works

Basic Concepts• Sustainability is an attribute of dynamic, adaptivesystems that are able to flourish and grow in theface of uncertainty and constant change.• Natural hazards are major threats tosustainability. They are hard to predict andbecome even worse while global climate changes.• Disaster management is one of the key issues forachieving sustainability, which will requireinnovation, foresight, and effective partnershipsamong researchers, governments, corporations,citizens, and other groups.

Basic Information of Taiwan•Geographic features•400 km from north to south•145 km from east to west•Area: 36,000 Km 2 over 70% inslopeland•Population (in June,2006)•22,900,00 in total, 67.70% inurban areas•Density: 633/ Km 2 , only lowerthan Bangladesh (1023 Km 2 ),higher than Japan (338 Km 2 )•Tectonic Conjunctions:•Philippine Sea plate•Euro-Asia Plate•High risk of tropical cyclones•3.6 typhoons/year

Summary of Disaster Events and PotentialRisks recent years in TaiwanDisasterSurroundings‣Urbanization‣ Large-Scale‣Social vulnerable groups‣ Higher-Reoccurrence‣Environmental‣ DiversityDegradation‣ ComplexityVulnerability ‣Global Climate Change• In 2005, the report entitled “Natural Disaster Hotspots – AGlobal Risk Analysis” issued by World Bank indicated:“Taiwan might be the most vulnerable to natural hazards onEarth, with 73 % of land and population exposed to three ormore hazards”

Taiwan Suffers More than OthersTaiwanSource: World Bank, 2005

Typhoon Disasters in TaiwanTotal loss due to natural disasters (1958-2001)Earthquake8.0%Flood17.4%Other3.3%Typhoon71.4%72% natural hazard damage is causedby typhoon in Taiwan

Economic Losses of Typhoon in Taiwan• In average, there are 3.6 typhoons touched down inTaiwan every year• In 2001, 8 typhoons attacked Taiwan• In 2004, 6 typhoons swept Taiwan• In 2005, 3 category-4 typhoons hit TaiwanTyphoon Death InjureAgri.Loss($US M)(A)Constr.Loss($US M)(B)Total($US M)(A+B)Chebi 30 124 22.3 0.7 23.0Trami 5 - 2.2 4.9 7.1Toraji 214 188 235.7 170.6 406.4Typhoon tracks in 2001Nari 104 265 126.5 56.7 183.1Utor 1 6 2.9 7.6 10.5Total 354 583 389.6 240.5 630.1

Debris flows and urban flooding have become the most severe hazardsin Taiwan during typhoon seasons.Taipei MRT

Organization

Organization Framework ofCurrent Disaster Management in TaiwanCentral Disaster Prevention& Preparedness CouncilNCDRNational Science councilCivil DefenseOther Counties andTownshipsTechnicalAdvisoryCommitteeCentral DisasterPrevention &Response CommitteeDuty MinistriesNationalEmergenceOperationsCenterMinistry of the Interior, Ministry of EconomicAffairs, Ministries of Communications, Council ofAgriculture, Environment ProtectionAdministration, etcCounty County Level Disaster Level Prevention Disaster& Response Council and DEPCSEmergencyResponseTeam ofMinistriesSpecial SAR team andTraining CenterSAR teamDepartment of Defense (assistance)NGOs andCommunicationOrganizationTownship Level DisasterPrevention & ResponseCouncil and DEPCS

CentralEmergencyOperationCenter

Information flow to the CEOC, Taiwan

Information flow to local DMIS

Decision Support Systemfor Early Warning

• A Decision Support System for Early Warning (DSSEW)was developed by NCDR for typhoon hazards.• The DSSEW is designed to integrate the real-timemonitoring data, the dynamic hazard models and Web-GIStechnology to provide disaster management decisionsupport tools for early warning.• The input data of this system includes:• the basic maps• the real-time information of typhoon and rainfall issued by theCentral Weather Bureau• the real-time water information form the Water ResourcesAgency• the hazard maps indicating areas of potential landslide, debrisflow and flooding made by NCDR herself• The results of analysis and warning messages are finallydelivered to the Central Emergency Operations Center(CEOC) and help the commander to make the rightdecisions in disaster preparedness and response phases.

Basic MapsRainfall forecasting byCLIPPER modelRainfall forecasting byQPE-SUMS radar systemWarning MessageBroadcastingTyphoon PathPredictionInundationPotential MapsReal-Time Water Informationof rivers by Web-ServicesTechnologyAutomatic Estimationof Inundation AreaAnalysis andDecision MakingDebris Flow andlandslideinformationAutomatic Estimation of thepotential areas of DebrisFlows and LandslideManagement of DisasterInvestigationCentral WarningDeclarationNEOC

Function Modules of DSSEWInputInformation forPost-Disaster RecoveryBasic MapsHazards MapsReal-Time InformationRainfall MonitoringQPE-SUMS Radar SystemWater InformationCommon Platform forData SharingDisaster Analysis and System IntegrationDataWarehouseMetadataEstablishmentDataStandardizationDataVisualizationManagementOf Softwareand HardwareIntegrated with QPE-SUMSRadar SystemAutomatic Estimation ofInundation AreasAutomatic Estimation of DebrisFlow and Landslide AreasIntegrated with TELES SystemRisk AssessmentRisk Analysis of Toxic SubstanceReleaseDisaster InvestigationInformation SystemMeteorology DivisionFlood and DroughtDisasters Reduction DivisionSlopelandDisaster Reduction DivisionEarthquakeDisaster Reduction DivisionSocio-Economic System DivisionTechnology and ManmadeDisasters Reduction DivisionInformation DivisionWeb-GIS (GUI Interface)OutputRainfallForecastingInundationPotentialDebris FlowPotentialDamageAssessmentEarthquakePotentialToxic RiskPotentialDisasterInvestigationGovernmentalAgencies andNGOsInformationfor EarlyWarningDecision MakersWEBGISSingle SignonUsers

The System Network of DSSEWBasicDBMetadataDBDisasterDBExpertsDBDisaster DBDisasterModulesDisasterKnowledgeDBHTTP, Java, ActiveXWeb APIs, CGI, COM,XML, GML,Web Services (SOAP,UDDI, WSDL)GRIDNetworkProtocolTerminalsUsersInternetDatabaseSystemGISServerDisasterManagementserverNetworkserverDisaster ManagementInformation SystemWirelessSystemManagerPost-Disasterinvestigation SystemAnalysts/Decision makers

The Framework Of Common Platform ForDisaster Information Sharing and ExchangeData Collection ToolsInfo Common PlatformNational Information Center for Disaster ReductionDisasterDatabaseMetadataDatabaseDisasterKnowledgeBaseExpertsDatabaseDisasterOperationsDamageAssessmentRisk Analysise-GovernmentCommon PlatformE-TaiwanCommon PlatformOtherCommon PlatformXML, GMLNetworkTechnologyCommon PlatformWeb ServicesOS ServicesOpen Netwrok Protocal(SMTP,SOAP, …)XML, GMLXML, GMLXML, GMLMonitoringResponse &Early WarningPlanninge &ManagementRevovery &Reconstrution…DatabaseCentral Gov.DatabaseE-ChineseTaipeiDatabaseNCDRDatabaseNGISDatabaseLocal Gov.DatabaseOtherDatabaseInfo. SystemsCentral Gov.Info. SystemsE-Chinese TaipeiInfo. SystemsNCDRInfo. SystemsLocal Gov.Info. Systems

What is DSSEW doing ?PresentationEmergency responsestrategiessuggestionHazardresponseprocessMonitorRainfall dataClimate forecast modelAnalysisPredict slope landdisaster locationPredict inundationdisaster location

MonitorMonitor Real time dataWarn instantlyTyphoon forecastdataRain gauge dataClimate forecast modelSend WarningmessageRiver and reservoirstatusRadar estimate rainfall•collects the typhoon information•estimate of its future track

Severe Weather Early Warning and MonitoringSatellitesUpper airsoundingRegional ModelRadar NetworkData analysisStorm analysisStorm trackingRainfall estimateHistorical case...Surface stationsAuto rain-gaugeLightening observations

Climate forecast modelForecast slope land arearainfall by WRF(WeatherResearch & Forecasting model)Forecast Basin rainfall by WRF

The User Interface for the Rainfall DistributionRain gauge rainfall orderThe accumulated rainfall is calculated as the GISlayer

Send warning message to cell phonesDynamicRainfalldatabaseCalculateaccumulate 1、3hours rainfall ofeach rain gaugeRainfall warning ruleTwo adjacent rain gaugeexceed 40mm/hrSingle rain gaugeexceed 100mm/hrMake message listSend message(May) 27 04:10Taitung county DaRan town NanTianaccumulate 1 hour rainfall 43mmTaitung county DaRan town Shoukaaccumulate 1 hour rainfall 45mm

AnalysisStatic basic dataReal timehazard dataBasic map dataPredict slope landdisaster locationPotential inundationdataReveal hazard locationPotential debris flowdataPredict inundationdisaster location

Real Time RainfallDataTyphoon PathPredictionMeteorologicalmodelsflood areasDatabaseCaseRetrievalDetailmeteorological mapLandslideDatabaseReal-timeflooding areaPotential floodarea predictionPotential landslidearea predictionLandslide disasterresponse systemSocio-economicLosses predictionTransportationsystemNationalDisaster Response Center

The Inundation Potential Maps in Taiwan• The flood and droughtmitigation research grouphad finished the island-wideinundation potential maps in2001.• For floodplain managements• For flood mitigations• Incorporation with socialeconomicinformationTaipei CityDepth : m0.50 - 1.501.50 - 2.502.50 - 3.503.50+Kaohsiung City

Selecting Potential Inundation AreasRiverCounty boundaryTownship boundaryHighwayMajor roadReal-time Rainfall Records+Flood PotentialRainfall ForecastingHighest (avg. depth > 1.5 m)Higher (avg. depth 1.0m – 1.5m)High (avg. depth 0.5m – 1.0 m)Automatically selects the inundation potential layers every 10 minutes32

Forecasting of the Inundation Potential AreasBe modified manually via the user interface of DSSER33

Potential Streams of Debris FlowGeology Zoning of 1420Potential Hazard StreamsAutomatically identifies the potential areas of debris flow and landslide every one hour34

Issues the Warning and Security for the Counties ofthe Slopeland Disaster VulnerabilityMeteorological dataRainfall distributionForecast rainfall distributionThresholdSlopeland disaster thresholdForecast disaster locationsDisaster location of the sametyphoon tracking before vs.rainfall distributionSlopeland disaster VulnerabilityForecast traffic interruptionlocationNoAccumulative rainfall R(unit: mm)Averaged rainfall intensityI avg = R/D (unit: mm/hr)Start of a rainfall event (t 1)(unit: hr)Current time (t 2)(unit: hr)Rainfall duration D = t 2-t 1(unit: hr)I avg> I cYesDebris flow threshold lineI c = 115.47D I -0.8c(unit: mm/hr)Display streams and regions over threshold in WebGISJudgments of regions prone to debris flowWarning of debris flow prone areas

The User Interface for the Forecasting ofthe Slopeland Disaster Locations

PresentationImage and3D land form dataDecision makingCentralEmergencyOperationsCenterInformationdashboardResponse andarrange resource3D demonstration

Early Warning System for Decision MakerTyphoon ForecastingRouteDistribution of RainfallRainfall PeriodInundationPotential areasLandslidePotential areasSuggestion38

Risk Map

Climate-Related Inundation Risk MapRisk (R) = Hazard (H) x Vulnerability (V)R = Risk indexH = Natural hazardsrainfall, inundation, land subsidenceV = Social vulnerabilitypopulation, age, income, education, mortality

countytownshipindexRisk IndexrainfallinundationLandsubsidenceSocialVulneability屏 東 縣 林 邊 鄉 103.25 4.20 3.46 2.20 3.90 1.15台 南 縣 永 康 市 96.90 3.64 2.40 2.08 3.08 2.54雲 林 縣 大 埤 鄉 86.45 2.46 2.79 3.27 4.15 1.16屏 東 縣 東 港 鎮 85.54 4.06 3.75 1.62 3.74 1.37雲 林 縣 褒 忠 鄉 84.97 2.52 2.29 4.19 4.04 1.11高 雄 市 三 民 區 84.56 4.31 2.11 1.29 2.76 3.61雲 林 縣 台 西 鄉 83.69 2.59 2.72 2.79 4.27 1.20彰 化 縣 大 城 鄉 78.36 2.67 1.48 5.00 4.46 1.14雲 林 縣 四 湖 鄉 76.82 2.73 2.48 2.73 4.39 1.20雲 林 縣 崙 背 鄉 76.39 2.80 2.05 3.87 4.04 1.20population

Mitigation Strategiesrainfall inundation LandsubsidenceSocialvulnerabilitypopulation彰 雲 嘉 沿 海地 區(coastalarea)高 雄 台 南 都會 區(metropolitanarea)○ + + + -+ ○ - - +高 屏 沿 海 區(coastalarea)+ + - + -Different areas need different mitigation strategies

Overlaid withnational constructionprojects

Resilient Community

》 The limitation of government’s capability》The importance of community capabilityCENTRALGOV.COUNTY GOV.TOWNSHIP GOV.COMMUNITY》 The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015“building disaster resilient community”

FROM RESISTANCE TO RESILIENCECommunity-Based Disaster Management Plan1.The Chi-Chi Earthquake Community Recovery2.Community Empowerment for Disaster ManagementWith “bottom up” participation of public sectors,experts and community-based organizations toimprove pre-disaster planning, facilitatingpreparedness and emergency responsecapability.

CBDM PLAN《Participatory Process》

》Field survey

schoolCommunity meetingchurchPeople to people

A Full-scale Exercise of Evacuation

Community-based recovery—Tau-Mi Village

Future works

Future works (1/2)• Sustainable city-regions should be built up for empoweringcommunity resilience.• Human factors should be further studied and elaborated.Communications and interpretations among researchers,governmental officers, NGOs, NPOs, local communities, andgeneral citizens, should be greatly improved.• Urban space should be innovatively re-structured.Resolutions should be sought to balance economic growthand disaster risks.• Information system is an essential component for disasterreduction and emergency management. The disastermanagement information system should be graduallyupgraded to a real decision support system, where moreintelligent reasoning and prediction models should beinstalled together. Bi-directional emergency informationexchange and check mechanism should be built up.

Future works (2/2)• Many organizations, including fire, weather, water,and soil agencies, in different levels of governmentsin Taiwan have had their own emergency informationmanagement systems. The further step for having anintegrated DSSEW is to tightly work with the NGISprogram, team up the information divisions ofassociate research centers, establish a datawarehouse as a common platform with an XML/GMLbaseddata exchange standards, and joininternational cooperation projects.• It is highly expected that we will have a moresuccessful emergency response and disasterreduction system if we are able to fully employ thepowerful capability of computer systems, web-basedtechnology, and telecommunications devices.

Thank youfor your attention!!!