T. D. Lee and RHIC Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
T. D. Lee and RHIC Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
T. D. Lee and RHIC Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
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<strong>Lee</strong> Wick MatterIs our vacuum stable?Vacuum is not trueground state:TunnelingCould hadronic collisionsmake such a transition?In this way one could temporarily restore broken symmetries of the physical vacuum<strong>and</strong> possibly create novel abnormal dense states of nuclear matterT. D. <strong>Lee</strong> <strong>and</strong> G. C. WickInflation of the universe from suchtransitions
Genesis of thinking about High Density MatterEarly papers:1950: Energy production <strong>and</strong> pp Reactions in white dwarfs1950-1952: Turbulence in hydrodynamics <strong>and</strong>magnetohydrodynamics1952: Statistical theory of equation of state <strong>and</strong> phasetransitions (with C. N. Yang)At Statistical Mechanics of Quarks<strong>and</strong> Gluons, 1980, Bielefeld (firstQuark Matter meeting)Is the Vacuum a Physical Medium?First papers were presented on latticegauge theory at finite temperatureMuch discussion about heavy ioncollisions1982: <strong>Relativistic</strong> <strong>Heavy</strong> <strong>Ion</strong>Collisions <strong>and</strong> Future PhysicsSnowmass Summer Study
BNL Associate Lab Directors during this time:1983-1986 R. Palmer 1987-1988 R. Adair 1989-1990 L. Trueman1991-1994 M Schwartz 1995-2005 T. Kirk
<strong>RHIC</strong> Advisory Committee
Four detectors1200 Physicists 50 Countries 2000 Publications
Initial stateCGCHydrodynamic ExpansionQuark Gluon PlasmaHadronic PhaseMeson GasPre-equilibriumGlasmaHadronizationMajor New Discovery at <strong>RHIC</strong>: A New State of MatterHot: T ~ 200 MeVDense: 15-30 GeV/Fm^3Very strong interacting: sQGPMust explore <strong>and</strong> underst<strong>and</strong>properties of this new form of matter
Jets Modified by the MediumPedestal&flow subtractedAway side suppression4 < p T (trig) < 6 GeV/cp T (assoc) > 2 GeV/c
yElliptic Flow (V2)Aumomentum spacep yp xAuxInitialspatialanisotropyStrongpressuregradientsv 2AzimuthalanisotropydN/dφ = 1 + 2 V 2 cos2 (φ - ψ) + …Sensitivity toearly expansion
Proton – Proton Total Cross Section
Lattice Gauge Calculations
Center dedicated to the study of strong interactions,including spin physics, lattice QCD, <strong>and</strong> <strong>RHIC</strong> physicsthrough the nurturing of a new generation of youngphysicistsEstablished in 1997In my meeting with Dr. Arima, our conversation turned to the subject ofscientific creativity <strong>and</strong> the best way to nurture it. The Niels Bohr Instituteplayed an essential role in the development of quantum mechanics in the1920’s. At that time, Bohr had already formulated his quantization rule<strong>and</strong> Einstein had completed his Theory of Relativity. A new generation ofphysicists went through the Bohr Institute, including Heisenberg, Dirac,Paul, Nishina, <strong>and</strong> others. While Bohr <strong>and</strong> Einstein were still active at thattime, they did not discover quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanicswas created by this new group of young physicists, mostly in theirtwenties.T. D. <strong>Lee</strong>
Inauguration of RBRCSep 22,1997
Physics Interests of RBRCSpin<strong>RHIC</strong> Spin: gluon polarization sensitivity<strong>RHIC</strong> Polarized <strong>Collider</strong>2005 Prelim.PHENIXpi02009 Project.Absolute Polarimeter (H↑ jet)PHOBOSSiberian SnakesPHENIX<strong>RHIC</strong> pC PolarimetersBRAHMS & PP2PPSiberian Snakes40% Scale uncertaintynot includedPol. H - SourceSpin Rotators(longitudinal polarization)LINAC200 MeV PolarimeterBOOSTERAGSSTARSpin Rotators(longitudinal polarization)Helical Partial Siberian Snake2003+4FinalSTARjet2006 Project.(data on tape)Strong AGS SnakeAGS pC Polarimeter2006: 1 MHz collision rate; P=0.6Spin structure of hadronsOrigin in valence quarks, sea quarks,glue?
Matter at Highest Energy DensityThe matter madeat <strong>RHIC</strong>The matter inside ofneutron starsColorsuperconductivity?The matter which controlshigh energy scatteringColor Glass Condensate?
How are strongly interacting particles madefrom quarks <strong>and</strong> gluons?
QCDSP .6 TflopQCDOC 2x10 TflopRBRC <strong>and</strong> DOEFather of the IBMBlue-GeneHadron SpectroscopyQCD at Finite TCKM matrix elementsPrecision QCDGordon Bell Prize forComputing Performance1998
RBRC15-20 Theorists10 Experimentalists18 University Fellowspast <strong>and</strong> present14 now are tenured6 Outst<strong>and</strong>ing JuniorInvestigator AwardsOver 60 workshops on spin, properties ofhigh density matter <strong>and</strong> lattice gaugetheoryNew Discoveries at <strong>RHIC</strong>14-15 May 2004
Khan TengriFor T. D. <strong>Lee</strong>A young man scaled the mountain Khan Tengri.The sun wove rainbows in the blowing snow.Entranced, he stayed there as the colors changed,Until the stars became his only light.Khan Tengri, by Alex SchwarzkopfTeardrop Lake, South Sister, by K. AndersonSome say he talked with spirits in the night,While others thought him crazed by lack of air.Still, in the morning he strode from the fog,The Tien-Shan rising spires at his back.He taught to all his love of mountain heights -The source of streams that flow from glacial wallsPast creatures crossing meadows crisp with frostDown to the slopes where lofty cedars rise.Faces turn skyward, children dream of peaks.New climbers go in search of routes that mountThrough thinning air <strong>and</strong> wind that pierces boneTo reach the views no other eye has seen.Alice <strong>and</strong> Larry McLerran
T. D. <strong>Lee</strong>Physicist: Of the Highest RankVisionaryStrategistManagerArtist
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