The Effects of Organizational Culture and Leadership ... - Wbiaus.org

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Suharti & SuliyantoFigure 1: Research ModelOrganizational Culture(x1)LeadershipStyle(x2)H1H2EmployeeEngagement(y1)H3Loyalty(y2)H43. Research MethodThis research was an explanatory research which was aimed to find the effects oforganizational culture and leadership style toward employee engagement and whetherengagement has effect on employee loyalty. Data were gained using structuredquestionnairesthat were distributed to the respondents. Respondents in this researchwere all employees in a hotel in Central Java, both managerial and non-managerialstaffs. There were 12 managerial staffs and 90 non-managerial staffs. So, there were102 respondents and saturation sampling technique was used where all populationwere taken as respondents of the research. General description of respondents showedthat most of them were male (85%), mostly were between 31-40 years old (46.31%),had senior high school as their latest educational background (65.26%), years ofworking mostly were more than 15 years (33.69%), and mostly positioned as nonmanagerialstaff (87.37%).The measurement of employee engagement concept used a scale developed by TheGallup Organization (2004), consisted of 12 questions. Organizational culture conceptwas measured by adopting a scale used by Triwidodo (2009) in his research by using 6questions. Meanwhile, for measuring leadership style concept adopted a scale used byMerry (2008) which consists of 9 items. To measure loyalty, a scale with 5 items wasused. All questions were measured using Likert scale of 1-5 with disagree answer wasgiven 1 score until really agree that was given 5 score.Data analysis was done in several stages before testing the hypothesis by means ofmultiple-regression test using SPSS software version 16.0. Before testing thehypothesis, a validity and reliability test was done for empirical indicators. Classicalassumption and hypothesis test also were done. From the validity test result, there were3 invalid items which later were expelled and were not used in the next step. Reliabilitytest result showed that all items were reliable as shown by Cronbach Alpha value > 0.60(Ghozali 2005) which can be seen in each concept as follows: employee engagement(0.81); leadership style (0.88), organizational culture (0.80); and loyalty (0.97). Classical133
Suharti & Suliyantoassumption test did not show any multicollinearity and autocorrelation symptoms,normal data distribution and there was not any heteroscedasticity.4. Research Results and DiscussionHypothesis 1, 2, 3 were tested using multiple-regression test to find out whether thosehypotheses proposed in this research are acceptable or not. Meanwhile, hypothesis 4was tested using two-stage least squares analysis in order to find out the role ofemployee engagement as a mediating variable between organizational culture andleadership style toward loyalty. Below is presented the analysis result of multipleregressiontest for organizational culture and leadership style toward employeeengagement, regression test of employee engagement toward loyalty.Independent variableTable 4.1: Result of Tests for Hypothesis 1 and 2UnstandardizedCoefficientBStandardizedCoefficientBetaConstant 1.282 4.991 .000Leaderhip style .475 .536 4.594 .000Organizational behavior .163 .228 1.949 .043R .533Adj.R square .523F 52.515Sig. F .000a. Predictors: (Constant), organizational culture, leadership styleb. Dependent Variable: Employee EngagementThe test for hypotheses 1 and 2 which formulated that organizational culture (X1) andleadership style (X2) affects employee engagement (Y1) was significantly supported inthis research. From the correlation coefficient, it could be seen that level of correlationbetween leadership (0.475) toward employee engagement was higher thanorganizational culture (0,163). The result of hypothesis test above was completed bysimultaneous test result (F-test) which showed that the regression model could be usedto predict employee engagement.Independent variableTable 4.2: Result of the Test for Hypothesis 3UnstandardizedCoefficientBetaStandardizedCoefficientBetaConstant 1.889 7.007 .000Employee Loyalty .474 .609 7.399 .000R .371Adj.R square .364F 54.746Sig. F .000a. Predictors: (Constant), Employee Engagementb. Dependent Variable: Employee LoyaltyttSig.Sig.134
Page 8 and 9: Suharti & SuliyantoThe test for hyp
Page 10 and 11: Suharti & Suliyanto5. Closing: A No
Page 12: Suharti & SuliyantoRam, P, & Prabha

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