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3.3.4 Question 4Have you used load testing to assist in the evaluation of the structuralcapacity of steel truss bridges?Load Testing NotUtilized85%Load TestingUtilized15%Figure 3.4: Response to Question 4Load testing as a method of bridge evaluation is a very time-consumingand expensive endeavor. Figure 3.4 demonstrates that very few agencies employload testing to aid in the evaluation of a bridge. A majority of load testsconducted in the United States were conducted as part of research projects. Inother words, universities have conducted many experiments for DOTs since theseinstitutions have the time, equipment, and expertise for load tests. Overallthough, most DOTs in the United States do not appear to perform load testing ona routine basis. However, most provinces in Canada use load testing to rate theirbridges. Many examples were found in the literature of “proof loading” of trussbridges. Further discussion of this topic can be found in Chapter 4.2.1.2.7
3.3.5 Question 5What are the most common structural strengthening techniques yourdepartment has used in rehabilitating steel truss bridges?20Number of Responses1612840Replacementof MembersCoverplatingDeckRehabilitationRehabilitation TechniqueFigure 3.5: Response to Question 5These responses indicate that most rehabilitation efforts focus onindividual members instead of the whole structure. In rehabilitating a structure,the most common techniques involve repairs to the critical portion of the system.Very few responses indicated rehabilitation of an entire system as the mostcommon solution which can be attributed to the fact that most bridges aredeficient in only a few locations, while other elements may be substantiallyoverstrength and do not require repair or strengthening. Most main trussmembers generally appear to have adequate strength, while floorbeams and decksare usually often deficient. The rehabilitation of these members usually involvetechniques such as replacement of members, coverplating, or deck replacement.8
Page 1 and 2: Preservation Alternatives for Histo
Page 3 and 4: DedicationTo my parents, Russell an
Page 5 and 6: AbstractPreservation Alternatives f
Page 7 and 8: 3.2.1 Survey Overview .............
Page 9 and 10: Question 7: .......................
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF FIGURESFigure 3.1: Response
Page 13 and 14: xiii
Page 15 and 16: esearchers have identified tasks, w
Page 17: 1.3.3 Summary of Literature Review
Page 20 and 21: 2.2 METHODOLOGYThe methodology used
Page 22 and 23: 3. Superimposed Truss4. Coverplatin
Page 24 and 25: the University of Texas at Austin,
Page 26: in the previous section, including
Page 29 and 30: 3.2.1 Survey OverviewThe two compon
Page 31 and 32: 3.3.1 Question 1Has your state deve
Page 33: 3.3.3 Question 3Have you used advan
Page 37 and 38: members are understrength. By utili
Page 39 and 40: None13%ConcreteBarrier9%Other26%W-B
Page 41: contacted.From these follow-up call
Page 45: 5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE INVE
Page 48 and 49: INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION [1.2]Nicho
Page 50 and 51: INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION [1.6]Licht
Page 52 and 53: Rehabilitation TechniquesGENERAL [2
Page 54 and 55: This article describes a structural
Page 56 and 57: POST-TENSIONING [2.2.3]Ayyub, Bilal
Page 58 and 59: A572-50 steel were added to the old
Page 60 and 61: To increase the portal rigidity of
Page 62 and 63: sponsored by the Structural Divisio
Page 64 and 65: Tension rods were attached to the t
Page 66 and 67: is a conservative designation for r
Page 68 and 69: A truss bridge built in 1926-27 con
Page 70 and 71: hanger type connection. The pins on
Page 72 and 73: This handbook provides an overview
Page 74 and 75: This technical brief outlines the a
Page 76 and 77: crossing the Charles River was dama
Page 78 and 79: for inspection procedures in the fu
Page 80 and 81: model and 3-D model were both used.
Page 82 and 83: In this article, the authors discus
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to derive equations for partially e
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Maximum forces due to uniform lane
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This article investigate the contri
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described along with the necessary
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RELIABILITY ANALYSIS [3.6.3]Frangop
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STRUCTURE [4.1.3]Aktan, A. E., K. L
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modified from published values usin
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case, the pin ended calculation pro
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The bridge was instrumented and a s
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MEMBERS [4.2.2]Schindler, Hans-Jako
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MEMBERS [4.2.4]Keating, Peter B., J
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double splices with different stres
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References : Virginia Highway and T
Page 111 and 112:
ehabilitation project. The Steel St
Page 113 and 114:
Board, National Cooperative Highway
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APPENDIX ASURVEY OF DEPARTMENTS OF
Page 118 and 119:
Preservation of Historic Metal Trus
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4. Have you used load testing to as
Page 124 and 125:
8. What methods, if any, have you u
Page 126:
12. Additional Comments:13. Please
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MD : We haven’t developed any off
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Yes:MD: We used load testing to eva
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TN: Replace members. Add section to
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Widening bridge: AZ, [NE (tested in
Page 137 and 138:
SK: We do not have any historic met
Page 139 and 140:
• We replaced the deck of bridge
Page 141 and 142:
• Reuse the floorbeams by bolting
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