Rafik Hirji, World Bank - Groundwater Governance

the increased variability brought by climate change. There arenumerous no-regrets management actions available forenhancing adaptation capacity. Planned conjunctive use andmanaged aquifer recharge (MAR) are techniques that increaseclimate change adaptation, but both require strong governancestructures to be implemented successfully and safely. This Bankthematic paper is completed and a published document.The five national case studies were analyzed using a structuredgovernance framework that was developed by GWmate andrefined on the basis of Ostrom et al, the guru, who has studiedcommon property (pool) resources. The framework integrates topdown national policy, legal and institutional issues and bottom upissues as the aquifer level and integrates climate changeadaptation opportunities from the Bank’s thematic paper of thesubject. Three out of the five groundwater governance casestudies for South Africa, Kenya and India have been completed.The South Africa case study is available on the website of theSouth African Water Research Commission and the case studiesfor Kenya and India are posted on the World Bank’s waterwebsite. The case studies for Tanzania and Morocco are in finalstages of review. Practical findings are emerging from these casestudies. Follow up actions are described below.The ongoing economic and sector report explores the paradox ofgroundwater governance that a resource as huge and importantas groundwater has been so difficult to manage in both thedeveloped world and in developing nations and remains soheavily under-funded by the development community. The sectorwork aims to better understand and address the paradox at theheart of groundwater governance in order to elevate the need for