30. Engineering Design Guidelines For Furnaces - KLM Technology ...

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KLM TechnologyGroupPractical EngineeringGuidelines for Processing PlantSolutionsFURNACE(ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDELINES)Page 14 of 80Rev: 02May 2012Figure 7: Helical coil fired heaterThese design guideline are believed to be as accurate as possible, but are very general and not for specific designcases. They were designed for engineers to do preliminary designs and process specification sheets. The finaldesign must always be guaranteed for the service selected by the manufacturing vendor, but these guidelines willgreatly reduce the amount of up front engineering hours that are required to develop the final design. The guidelinesare a training tool for young engineers or a resource for engineers with experience.This document is entrusted to the recipient personally, but the copyright remains with us. It must not be copied,reproduced or in any way communicated or made accessible to third parties without our written consent.
KLM TechnologyGroupPractical EngineeringGuidelines for Processing PlantSolutionsFURNACE(ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDELINES)Page 15 of 80Rev: 02May 2012A Fired heater will work well if designed properly. The design requirements must beproperly addressed. Fired heater performance can be measured by a combination ofoperability and maintenance.There are several factors effecting fired heater selection and design: all-liquid vaporizingservice and all-vapor service.1. Fire heaters in all-liquid or vaporizing serviceInside the tube wall coke may be formed that can interfere with heat transfer process.Fired heaters should be design to minimize coke. Incipient coke begins to form at afilm temperature above about 660oF, usually equivalent to a bulk fluid temperature ofabout 600oF. In other services such as visbreaking and thermal cracking, where fluidcracking is an inherent characteristic of the process, acceptable coke formation andrun length can usually be attained if film temperatures do not exceed 910 o Fequivalent to a bulk fluid temperature of about 880 o F.For reduce the formation of coke, a high inside film coefficient is necessary tominimize the difference between bulk fluid and film temperature. The higher thespeed of the mass of the heat transfer coefficient will be better. Therefore, the massof turbulent flow must be maintaining in the tube.2. Fire heater in all-vapor serviceFor this fired heater service is generally not as susceptible to the severe cokingproblems as those in vaporizing services because of the lighter nature of the processfluid.These design guideline are believed to be as accurate as possible, but are very general and not for specific designcases. They were designed for engineers to do preliminary designs and process specification sheets. The finaldesign must always be guaranteed for the service selected by the manufacturing vendor, but these guidelines willgreatly reduce the amount of up front engineering hours that are required to develop the final design. The guidelinesare a training tool for young engineers or a resource for engineers with experience.This document is entrusted to the recipient personally, but the copyright remains with us. It must not be copied,reproduced or in any way communicated or made accessible to third parties without our written consent.
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