Cross passage ventilation
Cross passage ventilation
Cross passage ventilation
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THE A10-TAUERN TUNNEL VENTILATION SYSTEM<br />
FROM A CONTRACTOR’S PERSPECTIVE.<br />
(Experiences and lessons learned)<br />
Van Vemden F, Hofstede W.<br />
Zitron Nederland B.V.<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 0
Contents<br />
1. Introduction<br />
2. Design review of the <strong>ventilation</strong> system<br />
3. Room- and installation limitations<br />
4. Acceptance tests<br />
5. <strong>Cross</strong> <strong>passage</strong> <strong>ventilation</strong><br />
6. Fan stall prevention<br />
7. Contractual aspects<br />
8. Local participation<br />
9. Conclusions and recommendations<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 1
Parties involved<br />
Customer:<br />
ASFINAG Bau Management GmbH<br />
Ventilation system design:<br />
FVT - Forschungsgesellschaft für<br />
Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und<br />
Thermodynamik m.b.H.<br />
Site supervision (Örtliche Bauaufsicht, ÖBA):<br />
IDS Beratende Ingenieure GmbH<br />
Contract supervision (Begleitende Kontrolle BK):<br />
Hopferwieser Consult Ziviltechniker GmbH<br />
Ventilation System review:<br />
ILF Beratende Ingenieure m.b.H.<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 2
Ventilation system<br />
South Portal Cavern<br />
North Portal<br />
AS01 ZS01 AS02 AS03 AS04<br />
ZS01 ZS03 ZS04<br />
Title<br />
Q<br />
m3/s<br />
∆P<br />
Pa<br />
Pmot.<br />
KW<br />
AS01 165 3100 700<br />
AS02 160 2825 700<br />
AS03 160 2825 700<br />
AS04 160 3250 700<br />
ZS01 150 1625 350<br />
ZS02 130 1875 350<br />
ZS03 130 1875 350<br />
ZS04 150 1625 350<br />
Fresh air impulse damper<br />
Fire damper<br />
Fresh air throttle opening<br />
Vertical duct damper<br />
Switch over damper<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 3
Design review<br />
Elements for discussion:<br />
1. Installation of additional Fresh air impulse damper<br />
2. Ventilation - and design concept in case of fire<br />
3. <strong>Cross</strong> <strong>passage</strong> <strong>ventilation</strong><br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 4
Fresh air impulse <strong>ventilation</strong><br />
Percentile value<br />
95- Percentile<br />
ZAMG<br />
Design<br />
(Planer)<br />
Processing of the Pressure<br />
differences at the portals<br />
NP – SP SP – NP Shaft-Draught<br />
Up<br />
Processing of the Shaft Natural<br />
Draught<br />
Shaft-Draught<br />
Down<br />
Pa Pa Pa Pa<br />
236 182 553 133<br />
165 165 1000 300<br />
236 – 165 = 71 Pa x 48 (Traffic Area) = 3400 N Thrust (120 kW Jet fan Power)<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 5
Room- and installation limitations<br />
Exhaust<br />
3000x3000<br />
Exhaust<br />
450<br />
2140x2140<br />
2000<br />
2570<br />
9000<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 6<br />
ø2522<br />
ø2522<br />
6000<br />
AS-01<br />
3540 (FMU)<br />
2140 x 2140<br />
Wire mesh<br />
Wire mesh
Room- and installation limitations<br />
Exhaust<br />
2140x2140<br />
ø2522<br />
6000<br />
AS-01<br />
CFD<br />
calculations to<br />
optimize inlet<br />
and outlet<br />
shape (ILF)<br />
Wire mesh<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 7<br />
2140 x 2140
Room- and installation limitations<br />
2140x2140<br />
Tauern Exhaust Fan AS01 (Impellerdiameter 2510 mm.) Optimum Duct lay-out<br />
Component<br />
Volume<br />
m3/s<br />
ø2522<br />
6000<br />
Duct<br />
m2.<br />
v<br />
m/s<br />
2140 x 2140<br />
P-dyn.<br />
Pa<br />
ζ<br />
[ - ]<br />
Inlet part:<br />
Screen 160 4,84 33,06 639,30 0,10 63,93 9,00 17,78 184,89 0,10 18,49<br />
Inlet piece 160 4,84 33,06 639,30 0,05 31,97 9,00 17,78 184,89 0,09 16,64<br />
Discharge duct / Diffuser:<br />
Inlet 160 3,38 47,36 1312,22 3,38 47,36 1312,22<br />
Outlet 160 3,27 48,89 1398,25 4,61 34,67 703,26<br />
Efficiency / factor 160 0,15 12,90 0,15 91,34<br />
Impuls losses 3>4<br />
With innerpipe 160 3,71 43,13 1088,28 5,05 31,67 586,87<br />
Without innerpipe 160 4,84 33,06 639,30 60,89 6,18 25,88 391,87 20,13<br />
Fan isolation dampe 160 3,71 43,13 1088,28 0,25 272,07 9,00 17,78 184,89 0,25 46,22<br />
Total Fan pressure losses 441,76 192,82<br />
In- and outlet concrete duct losses (based on assumption of 1,5 x dynamic loss) 958,95 277,33<br />
Total losses 1400,71 470,15<br />
Fan Power at 85% efficiency 263,66 88,50<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 8<br />
3000x3000<br />
∆P<br />
Pa<br />
450<br />
2000<br />
Duct<br />
m2.<br />
2570<br />
v<br />
m/s<br />
9000<br />
ø2522<br />
P-dyn.<br />
Pa<br />
3540 (FMU)<br />
ζ<br />
[ - ]<br />
∆P<br />
Pa
Room- and installation limitations<br />
CAVERN DIRECTION SALZBURG<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 9
Room- and installation limitations<br />
CAVERN DIRECTION VILLACH<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 10
Room- and installation limitations<br />
Hydraulic & air<br />
measurement piping<br />
Cooling air ducts<br />
Tunnel Tube Sbg.<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 11
Acceptance tests<br />
1. Leakage test<br />
2. Flow measurements at different fire scenarios<br />
3. Fire test<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 12
Acceptance tests<br />
LEAKAGE TEST<br />
FAN M1 M2<br />
V1 V2<br />
Leakage Duct (v-duct) = v1 - v2<br />
FAN M1 M2<br />
V1 V2<br />
Leakage Fire Dampers = v1 - v2 - v.duct<br />
Damper in open position<br />
M1 = Measuring section 1 >> V1 = Air flow M1 [m³/s]<br />
Damper in closed position with foil closure M2 = Measuring section 2 >> V2 = Air flow M2 [m³/s]<br />
Damper in closed position without foil closure<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 13
Acceptance tests<br />
CAVERN FIRE TEST SOUTH PORTAL<br />
AL ZL<br />
Ventilation section 3 Ventilation section 4<br />
A Duct damper, closed position Wall<br />
View A-A<br />
Natural draught<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 14<br />
A
Acceptance tests<br />
Fire test<br />
Tunnel tube Sbg.: Block 142 & 354<br />
Tunnel Tube Vil.: Block 150 & 408<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 15
Das Bild kann zurzeit nicht angezeigt werden.<br />
<strong>Cross</strong> <strong>passage</strong> <strong>ventilation</strong><br />
Design Options<br />
1. Speed control with pressure sensor and door switches (Tauern)<br />
2. Overpressure damper<br />
3. Overpressure opening or fire damper<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 16
<strong>Cross</strong> <strong>passage</strong> <strong>ventilation</strong><br />
<strong>Cross</strong> Passage<br />
<strong>Cross</strong> <strong>passage</strong> fan in operation<br />
AL ZL ZL<br />
AL<br />
Air supply<br />
RFB Salzburg RFB Villach<br />
Escape door<br />
Design data<br />
Escape route<br />
1. Overpressure in the cross <strong>passage</strong> with both<br />
escape-doors closed: 50 Pa.<br />
2. In case of one escape-door open (ca. 2 m2 open<br />
area) Airflow 5 m3/s (velocity 2,5 m/s.)<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 17
Das Bild kann zurzeit nicht angezeigt werden.<br />
<strong>Cross</strong> <strong>passage</strong> <strong>ventilation</strong><br />
Speed control of the fan(s)<br />
Pressure sensor and Door switches<br />
Advantage:<br />
- No overpressure damper<br />
Disadvantages<br />
- Accelerating and decelerating fans takes time<br />
- Control system necessary<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 18
<strong>Cross</strong> <strong>passage</strong> <strong>ventilation</strong><br />
System with overpressure damper<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 19
<strong>Cross</strong> <strong>passage</strong> <strong>ventilation</strong><br />
System with overpressure damper<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 20
<strong>Cross</strong> <strong>passage</strong> <strong>ventilation</strong><br />
System with overpressure damper<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 21
<strong>Cross</strong> <strong>passage</strong> <strong>ventilation</strong><br />
System with overpressure damper<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 22
<strong>Cross</strong> <strong>passage</strong> <strong>ventilation</strong><br />
System with overpressure damper<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 23
<strong>Cross</strong> <strong>passage</strong> <strong>ventilation</strong><br />
System with pressure relief opening or fire damper<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 24
<strong>Cross</strong> <strong>passage</strong> <strong>ventilation</strong><br />
System with pressure relief opening or fire damper<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 25
<strong>Cross</strong> <strong>passage</strong> <strong>ventilation</strong><br />
System with small (0,5 m2) overpressure damper and slide doors (Pmax=120 Pa)<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 26
Fan stall prevention<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 27
Fan stall prevention<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 28
Commercial aspects<br />
Price escalation (ÖNORM B2111)<br />
Indices Split-up<br />
Labour: Baukostenindex Baunebengewerbe<br />
Product:<br />
Lüftung und Klima 100%<br />
Labour: Baukostenindex für Lüftung und Klima 60%<br />
Material: Großhandelspreisindex „51.52.21<br />
Eisen und Stahl“ 40%<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 29
Commercial aspects<br />
Großhandelspreisindex<br />
200.00<br />
180.00<br />
160.00<br />
140.00<br />
120.00<br />
100.00<br />
80.00<br />
60.00<br />
40.00<br />
20.00<br />
‐<br />
Entwicklung Großhandelspreisindex 51.52.21 Eisen und Stahl<br />
Jun‐08<br />
Jul‐08<br />
Aug‐08<br />
Sep‐08<br />
Oct‐08<br />
Nov‐08<br />
Dec‐08<br />
Jan‐09<br />
Feb‐09<br />
Monat<br />
Mar‐09<br />
Apr‐09<br />
May‐09<br />
Jun‐09<br />
Jul‐09<br />
Aug‐09<br />
Sep‐09<br />
51.52.21 Eisen und Stahl<br />
Sonstiges<br />
Lohn<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 30
Commercial aspects<br />
Example:<br />
0-date<br />
Due date<br />
Price basis<br />
June 2008 Sept. 2009<br />
Labour:<br />
Others:<br />
127,78 132,69<br />
Labour: 130,02 138,5<br />
Material: 174,6 94,2<br />
Price Split- Po without Lo / Mo Ldd / Mdd Price factor Pdd with<br />
up % esc. %<br />
esc. %<br />
labour 20 20 127.78 132.69 1.04 20.77<br />
Product: 80<br />
Product split-up<br />
Labour 48 48 130.02 138.50 1.07 51.13<br />
Material 32 32 174.60 94.20 0.54 17.26<br />
100 89.16<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 31
Local Participation<br />
1. Facilitating and assisting in local assembly.<br />
2. Supply of steel construction work.<br />
3. Education of local employees / staff.<br />
4. Local handling of service- and maintenance work.<br />
5. A quick response time in case of failure or damage.<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 32
Local Participation<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 33
Conclusions, Recommendations<br />
1. Design review<br />
The design review has to take place immediately after contract award to cover<br />
for possible consequences in time.<br />
2. Fan room and –duct dimensions<br />
Allowing for sufficient space for fans and <strong>ventilation</strong> components will reduce<br />
capital cost and energy consumption.<br />
3. Acceptance tests<br />
Carrying out site tests is not only required to prove system performance but<br />
can also reveal further optimisation possibilities.<br />
4. <strong>Cross</strong> <strong>passage</strong> <strong>ventilation</strong><br />
More attention should be given to the response time for pressurizing cross<br />
<strong>passage</strong>s and the control thereof.<br />
5. Price escalation<br />
Customers may, in co-operation with contractors, allow for limits in price<br />
variation to limit overall economic risk for longer term contracts.<br />
6. Local Participation<br />
Local participation contributes to local interest and substantial reduction of<br />
cost for travelling and lodging.<br />
6 th Conference “Tunnel Safety and Ventilation” Graz 22-24 April 2012 34
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