Lipid Nutrition Studies on Grouper Epinephelus coioides ... - Library
Lipid Nutrition Studies on Grouper Epinephelus coioides ... - Library
Lipid Nutrition Studies on Grouper Epinephelus coioides ... - Library
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Rati<strong>on</strong>alePUFA can be provided tomarine fish larvae by feedingthem with rotifer, brine shrimpor copepods cultured in highPUFA marine algae or enrichedwith PUFA from commercialadditives.
Objectives1. To assess the EFA value ofphytoplankt<strong>on</strong>, copepod,rotifer and Artemia starvedor enriched2. To evaluate the growth andsurvival of grouper fedrotifer or Artemia enrichedwith various PUFA additives
Live foodtreatments
Brachi<strong>on</strong>us rotundiform0, 3, 6, 12 & 24 hstarvedor 1-h CLO enriched1
%0.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.10NLIn itia l 3 6 1 2 2 4EFA in NL& PLof starved rotifers0.40.350.30.250.20.150.10.0520:4n-6 20:5n-3 22:6n-3%0PLIn itia l 3 6 1 2 2 4
NL & PL of rotifersstarved or 1-h enriched with emulsifiedcod liver oilPL12%1086420aaaabInitial 3 6 12 24Time (h)cdb c d%1086420bbInitialaaEnrichedNL
EFA in NL & PL of cod liver oilenriched rotifer%1.210.80.6NLPL20:4n-620:5n-322:6n-30.40.20In itia l1 -h renrIn itia l1 -h renr
Phytoplankt<strong>on</strong> andyeastTetraselmisIsochrysisNannochloropsisChaetocerosChlorella2Rotifers cultured in yeast orphytoplankt<strong>on</strong>
Total lipid (TL) andFA in phytoplankt<strong>on</strong> and yeast(%)*TL18:3n-3EPADHATetrasel m is tetrahele2.200.650.08-Isochrysis galbana3.830.21-0.46N annochloropsis oculata3.250.62--Chaetoceros calcitrans1.870.030.18-Chlorella vulgaris0.270.07-0.01Yeast1.520.06--*No ARA
TL and EFA in rotifers fed variousphytoplankt<strong>on</strong> and yeast (% ))TLARAEPADHATetraselmis tetrahele9.710.120.13-Isochrysis galbana8.19--0.11Nannochloropsis oculata6.110.070.15-Chaetoceros calcitrans12.130.031.21-Chlorella vulgaris13.590.671.831.14Yeast8.080.09--
Pseudodiaptomus annandaleiFed with Chaetoceros,Chlorella, Isochrysis orTetraselmis3
Pseudodiaptomus cultured in variousphytoplankt<strong>on</strong>(% of total fatty acids)ChlorellaChaetocerosIsochrysisTetraselmisSaturated35.637.037.042.1M<strong>on</strong>oenes8.410.811.718.2PUFAs56.152.248.938.4n-3 HUFA39.340.540.119.1n-611.77.44.713.7ARA3.93.83.35.6EPA7.67.37.56.5DHA28.630.329.210.0DHA:EPA:ARA3.8: 1.9: 14.2: 1.9: 13.9: 2.3: 11.5: 1.2: 1
4Brachi<strong>on</strong>usEnriched withcommercial PUFAboosters0.3g/milli<strong>on</strong> /2liters, 16 h
% TL, ARA, EPA & DHA in PUFAboostersProductAlg 2000 *1TL26.9ARA-EPA1.88DHA5.4Alg 3050 *134.8--13.3AG AAAG Chl *325.220.511.4----9.3AG F15 *2AG Adv *2Ratio HUFA15.710.861.4--0.3--3.58.55013.9HUFA EnrichSuper HUFA64.360.80.50.79.214.58.517.4DHA ProSel27.30.11.94.61Schizochitrium; *2 Crypthecodinium; *3 Crypthecodinium +Chlorella
TL & EFA (%) in rotiferstarved or enriched with various PUFA..boostersProductTLARAEPADHADHA:EPA:ARAInitial10.10.080.960.150.2: 12.0: 1Starved7.10.010.060.071.2: 06.0: 1Alg 2000Alg 305015.915.80.200.170.630.532.904.594.6: 03.1: 12.0: 04.8: 1AG Chl12.50.150.721.474.5: 07.8: 1AG F1513.00.080.622.779.3: 03.1: 1AG Adv17.20.120.534.918.7: 03.1: 1Ratio HUFA21.80.242.770.360.1: 11.5: 1HUFA Enrich20.40.312.230.980.4: 07.2: 1Super HUFA21.60.020.770.530.7: 38.5: 1
Artemia naupliienriched withvarious PUFAboosters 0.2g/liter /0.1 milli<strong>on</strong>,16 h5
TL & EFA (%) of starved & enrichedArtemia naupliiTLARAEPADHADHA:EPA:ARAInitial12.60.30---Starved9.90.28---AG Adv17.00.350.042.3251.5: 0.1: 1AG Chl16.20.390.030.226.3: 0.1: 1AG F1518.10.440.061.1719.5: 0.1: 1Alg 200016.90.400.050.295.8: 0.1: 1Alg 305015.60.410.230.893.9: 0.6: 1HUFA Enr21.90.170.180.613.4: 1.1: 1Ratio HUFA22.00.160.180.633.5: 1.1: 1Super HUFA20.80.160.170.643.8: 1.1: 1
Feedingexperiments
Effect of PUFA-enriched rotifers <strong>on</strong>growth and survival of first-feedinggrouper larvaeReplicatesStocking densityDays culturedSalinityTemperatureRotifer enrichment timeRotifer density320 NHL/ liter (Run 1)15 NHL/liter (Run 2)1524 ppt, 250 liters27-29 o C16 h20 ind/ml
Growth and survival of 1 st -feedinggrouper larvae(day 15) fed enriched rotifers*TreatmentC<strong>on</strong>trolAlg 2000Alg 3050AG AdvAG ChlAG F15WetWeightmg0.24 d0.84 b0.99 a1.08 a0.88 b0.77 cTotallengthmm1.76 c3.63 b3.85 a3.87 a3.59 b3.72 bSurvival%1.30 b3.10 a3.22 a3.17 a2.90 a2.80 a1*Significantly different at P
th and survival of 1 st -feeding grouper larvae (day 1fed rotifers enriched with PUFA boosters2TrtC<strong>on</strong>trolAlg 3050AG AdvHUFA EnrichWet weightmg ind -10.75 c2.00 a1.93 b2.01 aSurvival%1.6 d3.7 b2.9 c9.6 a*Significantly different at P
Effect of PUFA-enriched Artemia <strong>on</strong>growth andsurvival of metamorphic grouper larvae3TreatmentsReplicatesStocking densityDays culturedSalinityTemperatureArtemia enrichment timeArtemia size7360 larvae/ 250 li10 (day 25-35)24 ppt27-29 o C16 hIncreasing
Survival of grouper larvae fed A10090%8070605040baa a aaa3020100RBRatioHUFAHUFA EnrSuperHUFAAlg 2000 A lg 3050 M ixed
Weights of grouper larvae (day 25-35) fedArtemiam g450400350300250200150100500cIn it ia l R B R a t ioH U F AbaH U F AE n rW et w tbS uperH U F AbA lg2000Dry w taA lg3050Maix e d
Total length & pigmentati<strong>on</strong> of grouper larvae(day 25-35) fed Artemia3.532.521.510.50cIn itia l R B R a tioH U F Ab a b b a aH U F AEnrS uperH U F AA lg2000A lg3050M ix e d2.521.510.50T o t a l le n g t hP igm entati<strong>on</strong>
RBTL in Artemia & grouper larvae (day 25-Ratio HUFAHUFA EnrichSuper HUFAAlg 2000Alg 3050TLArtemia11.1924.3023.2618.9018.7321.16Larvae5.0914.7716.0613.5812.3414.03ARAArtemia0.140.510.400.380.420.62Larvae0.080.320.270.320.390.52Mixed20.85 15.09 0.62 0.57r 2 0.900.89
EPA and DHA in Artemia & grouper larvae (dayEPAArtemiaLarvaeDHAArtemiaLarvaeRB0.19 0.09- 0.05Ratio HUFA 1.30 0.57 1.80 1.00HUFA Enrich 1.79 0.95 0.84 0.82Super HUFA 1.53 0.88 0.78 0.43Alg 2000 0.80 0.37 1.19 0.96Alg 3050 1.02 0.52 1.82 1.37Mixed1.05 0.66 1.58 1.20r 2 0.940.87
RotifersPL > NL in rotifers, bothdeclined with starvati<strong>on</strong>time. 1-h enrichment withCLO improved DHA, EPA andARA in NL but not in PL.
RotifersPL > NL in rotifers, bothdeclined with starvati<strong>on</strong>time. 1-h enrichment withCLO improved DHA, EPA andARA in NL but not in PL.Chlorella and Chaetoceroscultured rotifers had thehighest TL but <strong>on</strong>lyChlorella c<strong>on</strong>tained DHA,EPA and ARA.
RotifersPL > NL in rotifers, bothdeclined with starvati<strong>on</strong>time. 1-h enrichment withCLO improved DHA, EPA andARA in NL but not in PL.Chlorella and Chaetoceroscultured rotifers had thehighest TL but <strong>on</strong>lyChlorella c<strong>on</strong>tained DHA,EPA and ARA.Rotifers fed HUFA Enrich andRatio HUFA gave high EPA & ARAwhile AG Adv & Alg 3050 yieldthe highest DHA.
PseudodiaptomusChlorella,Chaetoceros, orIsochrysis hadbetter DHA, EPA andARA ratios than inTetraselmis.
Artemia naupliiAlg & AG enhanced ARA.Emulsi<strong>on</strong>s & Alg 3050increased EPA.AG Adv, AG F15 & Alg3050 upgraded DHA inArtemia nauplii.
1 st -feeding grouper larvaeSimilar survival in larvaefed enriched rotifers,these > c<strong>on</strong>trol.Growth in Alg 3050 & AGAdv boosted rotifers >others. Survival of larvae fedrotifers enriched withHUFA Enrich > Alg 3050 >AG Adv > c<strong>on</strong>trol.Growth in HUFA Enrich &Alg 3050 > others.
Metamorphic grouperlarvaeGrowth and survival oflarvae fed Artemianauplii boosted withHUFA Enrich, Alg 3050& mixed HUFA > others.Artemia and larval TL,DHA, EPA, & ARA werepositively correlated.
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